Unit 2语法Grammar to do不定式 讲义2024-2025学年沪教牛津版英语九年级上册

Unit 2 Great Mind语法部分 To do不定式 1. 构成 肯定式：to do 否定式：not to do 被动式：to be done 2. 用法 ①名词后的to do不定式： ⓐ表示抽象概念的名词，如way, right, reason, effort, chance, courage, decision, ability等，后面接不定式做定语，对其进行解释说明。 如：I have a chance to study abroad. 我有一个出国留学的机会。 ⓑ当不定式与名词之间构成动宾关系时，不定式表示将要进行的动作或目的。 如：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 ⓒ如果不定式与名词之间构成主谓关系，不定式表示名词的具体内容或状态。 如：He is always the first one to arrive at the office every morning.他每天早上总是第一个到办公室的人。 ⓓ不定式可以表达名词发生的时间。 如：Summer is the best season to go swimming.夏天是去游泳的最佳季节。 随堂练习： 1. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 2. 我有很多邮件要发送。 3. 我去商店买点牛奶。 ②动词后的to do不定式 ⓐ有一些动词后面跟to do不定式作宾语，表示一种将来的动作，将要做但还没有做，大体上有这几类： （希望）want, hope, would like, expect, long, wish （计划，有意）plan, prepare, intend, mean（意欲，打算） （同意或拒绝）promise, agree, offer（主动提出）, volunteer, refuse, reject （下定决心）decide, determine, make up one’s mind （其他）afford, pretend等 ⓑ表示“指示，愿望”的这一类动词常跟to do不定式作宾补，如：ask sb. to do sth.。 指示，要求：ask, tell, require, request, order, command, cause, force, persuade等 愿望，允许：want, wish, expect, encourage, advise, allow等 如：He wants you to call him back at eleven. 他想要你在11点给他回电话。 ✱特别强调：suggest，hope，demand不能跟to do不定式作宾补，通常后接从句。 如：I suggested that he practice speaking English.（正） ⓒ接不带to的不定式 下列动词，多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，当动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里要将省略的to补上。 四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch， 三“让”：have, let, make， 二“听”：hear, listen to， 一“感觉”：feel， 一“注意”：notice。 如：This picture makes me feel tense！这张照片让我感到紧张！　　 I was made to say sorry to him. 我被要求对他说声对不起。 ★help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。 如：Using email English helps you write quickly. ★be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。 如：He doesn’t seem to have many friends. Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you. 随堂练习： 1. Our master often told us _______ things for granted. 　　A. not to have 　 B. not to take   C. didn’t take 　D. not to make 2. Tell him _______ the window. 　　A. to shut not 　B. not to shut 　C. to not shut 　 D. not shut 3. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking. 　　A. never to drive　　　　B. to never drive C. never driving　　　　 D. never drive 4. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not　　 B. eating not 　　C. not to eat　　 D. not eating 5.The workers want us ________ together with them. 　　A. work　　 B. working 　　C. to work　　 D. worked 6. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line. 　　A. to risk going 　 B. risking to go   C. for risk to go　　 D. risk going 7. I saw him _______ out of the room. 　　A. go 　　B. had gone 　　C. has gone 　　D. goes 8. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood. 　　A. grow　　 B. grew 　　C. was growing 　　D. to grow 9. I’ve heard him _______ about you often. 　　A. spoke　　 B. speaks 　　C. speak 10. Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister. 　　A. cry；to cry　　B. crying；crying   C. cry；cry　　　D. to cry；cry ③to do不定式做主语 ⓐ放前面直接做主语 如：To be a teacher is my dream.成为一名老师是我的梦想。 ⓑto do不定式作主语往往由it做形式主语，将to do不定式短语放在句末。以避免句子头重脚轻（主语过长）的现象。 如：It is my dream to be a teacher.成为一名老师是我的梦想。 注意：it做形式主语，后面的to do不定式做真正的主语通常用于以下句型： (1)It is adj. for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。 如：It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 (2)It is adj. of sb. to do sth.某人做某事，某人是怎么样的。 （这些形容词往往修饰人：careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise,bad, polite, careless） 如：It is very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，你人真是太好了。 (3)It is n. for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是... 如：It's a good idea for you to eat less fried food你少吃点油炸食品是个好想法。 (4)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间。 如：It takes me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting. 我花了很长时间才理解了这幅画的意义。 随堂练习： 1. 孩子们在河里游泳是很危险的。 2. 你能这么说真是太好了。 3. 坐公交车去学校花费我半个小时的时间。 4. 在一个晴朗的日子里去外面钓鱼是一件令人愉快的事。 ④to do不定式用于其他特殊句型 ⓐ... too ... to ...意为“太…以至于不能做…” 如：It is too dark in this room for me to read a book.房间太暗，使我无法看书。 He is too young a boy to do it.他还太小，无法做这事。 ⓑ形容词/副词 + enough to ...意为“足以…” 如：They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in.我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。 We need several men strong enough to do the work.我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。 ⓒ... enough + 名词 + to do ...意为“有足够的...去做...” 如：He has enough money to buy a car.他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。 It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to finish the project. 遗憾的是他没有足够的钱去完成这项计划。 ⓓ... only to do ...意为“竟然…；却…”，表示与先前的努力相反的结果。 如：He studied hard only to fail in the exam.他这么用功，结果竟然考场失利。 He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。 ⓔ... seem to ...意为“似乎是…，好像…” 如：John seems to love music very much. 约翰似乎很喜欢音乐。 He seems to be very tired. 他似乎很累。 ⓕ... is said to ...意为“据说…（现在）是…” 如：That author is said to be very famous.据说，那个作家非常有名。 They are said to build a hospital here.据说他们要在这里盖一家医院。 ⓖ疑问词后接to do不定式 如：They are talking about how to solve the problem.他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。 John is interested in what to do.约翰对该干什么感兴趣。 综合练习： 1．If you decide _________ around the world, I’ll tell you about the places you should go to. A．travel       B．travels       C．travelling       D．to travel 2．My sister, Lucy, is crazy about rock music and she hopes ________ the music club. A．join       B．joining       C．to join       D．joined 3．The teacher told the students ________ in the street. A．not playing       B．not play       C．not to play 4．Our English teacher always encourages us ________ more English books. A．read       B．to read       C．reading       D．reads 5．Is it possible ________ us ________ some voluntary work to help the old in our community? A．of; organizing       B．for; organizing       C．of; to organize       D．for; to organize 6．In my free time, I used to ________ computer games but now I am used to _________ music. A．play; listening to       B．playing; listening to       C．play; listen to       D．playing; listen to 7．_________ money for people who were in need, he sold his new car. A．To raise       B．Raise       C．Raising       D．Raised 8. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment. 　A. to wash　　 B. washing 　　C. wash　　 D. to be washing　 9．Daniel’s mother is too busy ________ the housework ________ him with his English. A．doing; help       B．doing; to help       C．to do; helping       D．to do; to help 10．No one told us _________, so we need your help. A．what to do it       B．how to do it C．what should we do       D．how to do 11．The Greens plan _________ Guilin next month A．to visit       B．visiting       C．visited 12．—Did you practice ________ English this morning? —Yes, but I forgot ________ the classroom. A．to speak; to clean       B．speaking; to clean       C．speaking; cleaning 13．The classroom was so dirty. I decided ________. A．clean it up       B．clean up it       C．to clean it up 14．The news made me ________ . A．feel excited       B．feel exciting       C．to feel excited 15. I need a day or two ________. 　A. to think it over　　 B. to think over it　　C. of thinking 16. He was too excited _________. 　A. speak 　　B. to speak 　　C. not to speak　　 D. speaking 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$