专题01 Welcome Unit 句子成分与句子结构【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（人教版20219必修第一册）

高一英语期中考试复习 人教版2019 必修第一册 How do you express your ideas, by sentences or words? Sentences. What makes a sentence? P DO O A C (subject) S V (verb) (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) I0 (object complement) (indirect object) （同位语） appositive （定语） attribute 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 S subject V verb O object P predicative DO direct object IO indirect object C object complement main elements adverbial attributive used to modify a word or sentence 八大句子成分 1　主语 可以作主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it可以作形式主语。 It is important to make use of the time in class. 充分利用课堂上的时间很重要。 2　谓语 不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，不用于被动语态，及物动词后直接接宾语，可用于被动语态；还要注意谓语动词的时态。 Besides, I was previously trained in a sports training center, which makes me strong enough to be a volunteer. 此外，我以前在体育中心接受过培训，这使我有足够的实力成为一名志愿者。 3　宾语 可以作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it可以作形式宾语。动词和介词后都可以接宾语。 All of the students were absorbed in what the teacher said and took notes carefully during the class. 课上，所有的学生都认真地听讲、做笔记。 4　表语 放在系动词之后；可以作表语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句、疑问词＋不定式。 I'm easygoing and good at communicating with others. 我性格随和，善于与人交流。 常见系动词有：be, become, get, grow, turn, go, sound, taste, look, feel, smell, stay, keep, remain, seem, appear等。 5　定语 可以作定语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语从句等。 With their heavy burdens removed, students can then keep in normal mental health. 去除繁重的负担，学生才可以保持正常的心理健康。 6　状语 可以作状语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句。状语可以表示原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、伴随、方式、时间、地点、比较等。 To make our city green, we decided to plant more trees and protect them. 为了绿化城市，我们决定多植树并保护它们。 7　宾语补足语 说明宾语的性质、特征等。可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语等。 Sports teach us to be considerate, cooperative and optimistic. 运动教会我们体谅、合作和乐观。 8　同位语 当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，它们被称为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分称为另一成分的同位语。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。 ①He told me that his brother John is a world­famous doctor.(同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时，不用逗号隔开) 他告诉我，他哥哥约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。 ②Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr James.(同位语只起补充解释的作用时，同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗号隔开) 昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯谈过了。 ③He is interested in sports, especially ball games.(同位语表示其同位成分的部分意义) 他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。 考点二　简单句的八种基本句型 句子成分 定义 词性 主语（Subject) 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 谓语 （verb) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词 宾语（Object) 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示 表语(predicative) 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后 名词、代词、数词、不定式名词化的形容词和表语语从句等表示 补语(complemet) 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。 名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 What makes a sentence? 句子成分 定义 定语(attributive) 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 形容词、分词、名词、代词、不定式、动名词、介词短语，从句等 状语(adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语 副词，形容词，不定式，现在分词，介词短语，句子等 What makes a sentence? SV He is working. He will come. SP He is a teacher. He is friendly. 谓语是主语所做的动作。 表语是对主语特征的描述。 SVO SP He looks at a table. He looks young. 宾语是动作作用的对象。 表语是对主语特征的描述。表语前的动词叫系动词。 SVOO He gives me a pen. 间接宾语通常是人，直接宾语通常是物。 SVOC He asks us to take a notebook. 宾语补足语补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 He talked too much. 状语修饰动词，形容词、副词或整个句子。 SVA I had my first maths class at senior high school. SVOA SV SVO S V IO DO SP SVOC 主语+谓语 主语+表语 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+双宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 SVA 主语+谓语+状语 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 SVOA Study the sentence structures There be… All of us laughed! I miss my grandma. The teacher was kind and friendly. He told us a funny story. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. He talked too much. I had my first maths class at senior high school. There’s a lot to explore at senior high. 主谓：主语+谓语(SV)。谓语一般是不及物动词。 eg Linda smiled. The baby is sleeping. 主系表：主语+连系动词+表语(SP)。 eg They are friends. The dish smells good. 简单句基本句型 主谓宾：主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。谓语是及物动词。 eg Mike will fix everything. Jeff loves swimming. 主谓宾宾：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)。谓语是可跟双宾语的及物动词。 eg Alex gave his sister the piano. Mary handed me the letter. 主谓宾补：主语+谓语+宾语+补语(SVOC)。谓语是可跟复合宾语的及物动词。 eg I found the book easy. They called their daughter Amy. There be：There +be +主语+其它。主语是其后的名词，be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。除be外，sound, look, seem, appear, lie, stand等，也可用于此结构。 eg There is a book on the table. There seems to be something wrong with me. 由SV和SVO扩展： 主谓状：主语+谓语+状语(SVA)。谓语为不及物动词。 eg He talked too much. 主谓宾状：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)。 eg I had my first maths class at senior high school. 【语境应用】写出句子结构类型。 1) Everybody smiled. 2) The car caught fire. 3) Did the milk turn sour? 4) He bought his wife a dress. 5) Roy found his new job rather boring. 6) Your brother got up at 10 o’clock. 7) I haven’t seen Daniel for long. 8) Are there any gardens in the town? SV SVO SP SVOO SVOC SVA SVOA there be 完成句子。 1) There ______ (be) an English corner in our school. 2) There ______ (be) a number of students coming from foreign countries. 3) There ______ (be) much time for us to think of a good idea. 4) There ______ (be) a child and a couple in the room. is are is is 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city. 2. We must act. 3. The maths homework looks easy. 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. The maths homework Read the sentences and analyze the structures. SVIODO SVOC SV SP SVA The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city We must act looks easy The teacher found the classroom empty My mum bought me a new dictionary 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. SVO There be… SVOA adv. 向前;前进 adj. 向前的;前进的 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student There is We had chemistry in the newly built lab How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences. S V S V A S V O Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There's always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! S V IO DO V IO DO There be… S P 基本句型： 一、主谓 SV 二、主(系)表 SP 三、主谓宾 SVO 四、主谓宾宾 SVOO 五、主谓宾补 SVOC 六、主谓状 SVA 七、主谓宾状 SVOA 八、there be结构 Read the sentences and analyze the structures. I’m not outgoing. The teacher was kind and friendly. He told a funny story. Everyone laughed. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. I didn’t feel awkward or frightened. He told us funny stories. SVOO SP SVOC SV SVO SP SP I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. I felt much more confident. I want to make a good first impression. Tomorrow will be great. I miss my friends from junior high school. We had our chemistry class in the science lab. SVO SP SVO SP SVO SVOA 1．You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.宾语_____________ 2．Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. 直接宾语_____________ ； 间接宾语_____________ 3．Soon they all became interested in the subject.表语_____________ 4．The man downstairs was trying to sleep.定语_____________ 5．The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.定语_____________ your pronunciation history us interested downstairs on the motorbike 按要求找出下列句中的句子成分并写在横线上 6．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading­room. 宾语补足语_____________ 7．You will find it useful after you leave school.宾语补足语_____________ 8．Every night he heard the noise upstairs.状语_____________ 9．I am afraid that if you've lost it，you must pay for it.状语_____________ 10．Carol，an American teacher，will come to our school. 同位语_____________ to read newspapers and books useful every night if you've lost it an American teacher Complete sentences with the verbs in the brackets in proper structures. 1. I hope my dream ______________(come true). SV 2. I _______________________ (look forward to). SVO 3. Learning English ______________ (seem). SP 4. They _________________ (live). SVA 5. He ____________________ (show). SVOO will come true look forward to your letter seems interesting are living in the city showed us his pictures Thank you for your listening! $$