考题猜想02阅读理解期中必刷20篇 - 2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

考题猜想02阅读理解期中必刷20篇 （一） （2024·江西景德镇·统考一模）It turns out our plants are just like us in some ways. We turn to medicines to relieve a minor flu or headache, and plants too have their ways of self-medicating. They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation. Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller for aches and pains, just like we do,” said plant biologist Wilhelmina van de ven from the University of California, River-side (U. C．R) “We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C．R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial for the food supply in our increasingly hot, bright world.” Human skin produces ROS (Reactive oxygen species) (活性氧) in the absence of sunscreen. This causes freckles and burns. Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels, can cause death. At low levels, however, ROS serves an essential function in plant cells. “ROS is a double-edged sword,” said Wang. “At non-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call to action, enabling the production of protective hormones ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts to protect the plants’ chloroplasts, known to be the site of photosynthesis. “With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life,” said Katayoon Dehesh, UCR professor of molecular biochemistry. “Those impacts go beyond our food. Plants being in trouble are a sign of what the future holds for us,”  she continued. “Plants clean our air by removing the carbon dioxide from it while also offering us shade, and providing habitats for numerous animals. For humankind,  the benefits of boosting plants’ ability to survive are becoming increasingly essential.” 1．What is the main function of salicylic acid in plants? A．To secure plants. B．To produce chloroplasts. C．To relieve pain and inflammation. D．To generate hormones. 2．What is the main cause of ROS formation in plants? A．Lack of sunscreen. B．Chloroplastic acid. C．Environmental stresses. D．Use of Photosynthesis. 3．What is the main goal of the researchers at UCR? A．To explore the history and significance of aspirin in human medicine. B．To invent a device that can make plants do self-medicating. C．To compare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating. D．To improve crop resistance by increasing plants’ ability to produce salicylic acid. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Plants can be improved to resist environmental hazards. B．Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress. C．Plants and humans share some common features and needs. D．Plants contribute to the well-being of humans and animals. （二） （2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true? Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers”. Psychology research suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their choices. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. Consequently, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including unfavorable influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above. However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them. 1．Which of the following can be called “herd behaviour” ? A．Choosing the most crowded restaurant to dine in. B．Asking friends for suggestions when in confusion. C．Running out immediately when the fire bell rings. D．Analyzing a product carefully before buying it. 2．An important condition for herd behaviour lies in _______. A．explaining life patterns B．understanding social connections C．comprehending others’ mental state D．sharing information among individuals 3．What leads to the herd behaviour? A．Wisdom of crowds. B．Uncertain outcomes. C．Lack of rational analyses. D．Enough individual opinions. 4．How can people avoid the the herd behaviour? A．Never follow the trend. B．Keep a questioning mind. C．Say no to any popular events. D．Stand opposite against the public. （三） （2024·吉林长春·统考一模）It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind. The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy. Commonly seen  “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward. The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration.  “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.” Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the existing look of the murals for as long as possible. 1．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2? A．To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals. B．To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road. C．To stress the significance of the restoration work. D．To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage. 2．Which of the following best describes the restoration work? A．Creative. B．Well-paid. C．Interesting. D．Demanding. 3．What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4? A．Spotting the faded murals in time. B．Fixing the missing parts of murals. C．Making preservation of the murals as they are. D．Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings. B．The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves. C．The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation. D．The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture. （四） （2024·吉林长春·统考一模）For all of human history, eating meat has meant killing animals. But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that’s no longer necessary. They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an animal’s body. Lab-grown meat, also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat, is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs. The idea is to create an alternative to agriculturally raised meat. And unlike other meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients, lab-grown meat is real meat. When ready, the meat is formed into shapes such as sausages or nuggets (块), and looks, smells and tastes like any other grocery store version, Recently, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has given two companies approval to sell lab-grown chicken. The approval launches a new era of meat production aimed at eliminating harm to animals, and reducing the environmental impacts of grazing (放牧) and growing feed for animals. Scientists warn that the typical way meat is produced now, in concentrated animal feeding operations, is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. Lab-grown meat is more sustainable and can be produced without antibiotics, and without producing greenhouse gas emissions linked to animal agriculture. “Everything we know about how meat can be made is going to change. But don’t expect to see cultivated meat in grocery stores just yet,” said Uma Valeti, CEO of UPSIDE Foods. Lab-grown chicken is much more expensive, because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat. “To make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high,” said Bruce Friedrich, president and founder of the Good Food Institute, a nonprofit group that promotes alternative proteins. However, the disadvantage of high energy needs will be offset by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits. If cultured meat is produced on a large scale, it could also offer a solution to feeding the world’s growing population. 1．What do we know about lab-grown meat? A．It is abundant in plant proteins. B．It can be bought in grocery stores. C．It is generated from animals’ cells. D．It tastes more delicious than traditional meat. 2．What is the potential benefit of lab-grown meat? A．Higher safety for eating. B．Lower costs for restaurants. C．Improvements in traditional agriculture. D．Positive impacts on climate change and animals. 3．What problem does the author mention in paragraph 4? A．It is hard to produce lab-grown meat in quantity. B．The USDA doesn’t approve the sale of lab-grown meat. C．Many people raise doubts about the safety of lab-grown meat. D．Lab-grown meat can disturb competition in the meat industry. 4．What does the underlined word “offset”  in the last paragraph mean? A．Balanced. B．Satisfied. C．Increased. D．Exchanged. （五） （2024·黑龙江佳木斯·佳木斯一中校考模拟预测）I was cutting up lettuce (生菜) in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about putting the lettuce stub (残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug (大杯) and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window. On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the mug, tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope? If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to doubtfully assess where I found myself before being devoted to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a mug of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty. Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two ingredients were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. With the right ingredients, this is the tendency of all living things. Monty still lives in a mug, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my capacity to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger. I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay (腐烂), or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave. 1．Why did the author put the stub in water? A．To hope that it would grow. B．To decorate the nice mug. C．To conduct an experiment. D．To remove his bad mood. 2．What is the first sign of life in the author’s eyes? A．The remaining stub. B．The small leaf. C．The disappearing cuts. D．The tiny root threads. 3．How would the author feel if in the lettuce’s situation? A．Hesitant. B．Fearless. C．Confident. D．Annoyed. 4．Which can be a suitable title of the passage? A．Enjoy your own life to the fullest. B．Believe in yourself when in trouble. C．Never be afraid to restart yourself. D．Give freedom to the heart in a way. （六） （2024·四川绵阳·统考一模）The upcoming China-Central Asia Summit is to be held in Xi’an, which has a history of over 3,000 years and enjoys a reputation as a “Living History Museum”. If you are among the participants, just enjoy the following. The Terracotta Army It is one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. Discovered in 1974, the army of Terracotta Warriors was constructed by China’s First Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC) with a collection of thousands of life-size terracotta soldiers and horses differing in facial features and expressions, clothing, hairstyle and also body position. Ancient City Wall It was built in the 14th century by Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Now it is one of the oldest and best-preserved Chinese city walls. The wall is now a landmark, where you can enjoy a good view of the city. Giant Wild Goose Pagoda One of China’s most famous Buddhist pagodas, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, was built in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) for the study of Buddhist scriptures (经典). One of its main functions was to store scriptures brought to China from India by the famous monk and traveler Xuan Zang. Shaanxi History Museum It is home to over 370,000 precious treasures unearthed in Shaanxi. Its collections range from bronze wares to pottery (陶) figures, gold and paintings from the Tang Dynasty tombs. Among its precious collections, some pieces have been listed as national treasures. 1．Where can you go if you’re into ancient China’s troops? A．The Terracotta Army. B．Ancient City Wall. C．Giant Wild Goose Pagoda. D．Shaanxi History Museum. 2．What do the four attractions have in common? A．They date back to 1, 000 years ago. B．They have wonderful tall buildings. C．They show the great historical charm of Xi’an. D．They have a wide range of precious collections. 3．Who is the passage mainly intended for? A．The travelers to Xi’an. B．The history-lovers to Xi’an. C．The participants to a summit in Xi’an. D．The visitors to a famous museum in Xi’an. （七） （2024·四川内江·统考一模）In elementary school, Glenn Cameron was very aware of the challenges faced by his friend, Roger, who was missing a hand. Now he has built an artificial helper for him. The robotic hand is called “Dexi”. Its each finger can move independently. The strength and speed of the hand’s “muscles” can be controlled. The fingers stop closing when they come across something, allowing the hand to shake hands, for example. He’s also created a digital version of this hand, which responds on a computer screen. The system considered unusual by experts is that it takes electrical signals from a human brain and sends them to a computer. Cameron managed to apply the brain interface (接口) after hundreds of experiments. Wearing a special headset, he can open and close the robotic hand just by thinking. To make the hand close, he “sees” a fist in his head. To open the hand, he thinks about the beep (嘟嘟声). In fact, Cameron’s first robotic hand was 3D printed from an online robot kit. Realizing the hand was too limited, he decided to build his own. It was quite a challenge, but his new version was better. It’s also cheap, compared to many other robotic hand projects. Mr. Cameron says designing and building the hand is hard and finds programming computers easier. Then came the one Roger is using. Cameron is working on a hand that can actually be used by a person who’s lost a hand at present. He says the new hand will be simpler, because there won’t be as much space. To make up for this, he’s adding a mini camera and trying to make the hand smarter. He wants to let users think of a task and have the hand do it automatically. Cameron encourages young people who think they might want to do something demanding and similar: “You just begin working towards it, taking one little step at a time, purposeful and determined, sooner or later you’re going to get to where you long for.” 1．What’s the most special about the robotic hand Roger uses? A．The mini camera. B．Controllable muscles. C．3D printing. D．The brain interface. 2．Which version of the artificial hand does Dexi belong to? A．The first. B．The second. C．The third. D．The fourth. 3．Which saying do Cameron’s words convey? A．Well begun is half done. B．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. C．All things are difficult before they are easy. D．The longest journey begins with the first step. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Cameron’s road to success. B．A robotic helper for the disabled. C．Cameron’s latest artificial hand design. D．The evolution of Cameron’s robotic hands. （八） （2024·全国·校联考模拟预测）The measurement of blood pressure goes back almost three centuries, leading to the procedure that we all know and that our family doctor performs when we have checkups: A cuff (袖口) goes around our arm, which is first inflated (膨胀), and then deflated (放气), in a controlled manner, to determine our maximum and minimum blood pressure. But the use of inflatable-cuff blood pressure monitors has some disadvantages. For one thing, unless people have home monitors, they must go to a chemistry shop, doctor’s office or health center to learn what their blood pressure is. Another barrier is that repeated inflation and deflation of the cuff can cause difficulties when, for example, a patient is in the hospital and needs frequent blood pressure monitoring. And the last one is that since cuffs don’t allow continuous measurement of blood pressure, they’re only providing a measurement at a specific moment. Today, a new generation of blood pressure devices have been developed and their aim is to make it easier to judge high blood pressure. Unlike traditional devices, they do without the arm cuff and offer blood pressure values on demand. Users just press their finger on a sensor on a watch and ring. The various cuffless measuring devices are based on methods that, instead of directly determining blood pressure, use sensors to capture various indirect signals. These signals are processed by different sets of mathematical procedures to obtain the blood pressure values. It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heart beat and sweating instead of using a thermometer (体温表), or divining the result of a soccer match from outside the stadium by listening to the screams of the soccer fans. The development of devices for measuring blood pressure without a blood pressure cuff is progressing rapidly, but that doesn’t mean they are ready used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions. “The road to clinical application may be some day in the near future, but not now,” Avolio says. 1．How many drawbacks of inflatable-cuff blood pressure monitors are there in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Which word can replace the underline word in Para. 4? A．changing. B．describing. C．guessing. D．remembering. 3．What’s the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The working principle of cuffless measuring devices. B．The different methods for setting mathematical procedures. C．The way of cuffless measuring devices to measure indirect signals. D．The connection between inferring fever and measuring blood pressure. 4．What will the writer most probably talk about on cuffless measuring devices next? A．The issue of mass-producing them. B．The processing techniques of them. C．The competitive intensity among their producers. D．The reasons for them not being used in the medical world currently. （九） （2024·全国·校联考模拟预测）Under a midday summer sun in California’s Sacramento Valley, rice farmer Peter Rystrom walks across a dusty and bare plot of land, dry soil crunching (碎裂) beneath each step. In a typical year, he’d be walking across green rice fields in inches of water. But today the soil is dry and baking in the 35℃ heat. It hasn’t rained for 4 weeks in a row. “Climate change is expected to worsen the state’s extreme swings in rainfall,” researchers reported in Nature Climate Change in 2018. Low water levels in rivers have forced farmers like Rystrom, whose family has been growing rice on this land for four generations, to reduce their water use. “If we lose our rice crops, we have to deal with severe food crisis. Climate change is already threatening rice-growing regions around the world. This is not a future problem. This is happening now,” says plant geneticist Pamela Ronald of the University of California, Davis, who identifies genes in rice that help the plant stand up to dryness, disease, flood, etc. To save and even boost production, rice growers, engineers and researchers have turned to water-saving irrigation (灌溉) routines. Building canal systems and reservoirs (水库) can help farmers dampen their fields. But for some, the solution to rice’s climate-related problems lies in enhancing the plant itself. They hold that establishing rice gene banks that store hundreds of thousands of rice varieties ready to be bred into new, dryness-tolerant varieties is more practical and effective. Solutions may be hidden in the DNA of those older breeds. Three decades have passed since its initial development, and some researchers are looking beyond the genetic variability preserved in rice gene banks, searching instead for useful genes from other species, including plants and bacteria. But picking genes from one species and putting them into another, or genetic recombination, remains debatable. The most famous example of genetically changed rice is Golden Rice (GR). “Looking ahead, it will be crucial for countries to embrace GR rice. But it will take time,” says Ismail, principal scientist at IRRI, 1．What problem does Rystrom have to deal with? A．Thirst. B．Drought. C．Hot sun. D．Dusty weather. 2．What can be inferred from Para. 3? A．Downtrend of rice-growing areas is severe now. B．Climate change is a threatening factor in the future. C．Humans will face starvation if crop failure happens. D．Food crisis is a common occurrence around the world. 3．What’s the purpose of setting up gene banks? A．To store as many seeds as possible. B．To cultivate climate-adapted varieties. C．To improve the efficiency of breeding. D．To show the technology of gene mapping. 4．What’s Ismail’s opinion about GR? A．Favourable. B．Impractical. C．Disapproving. D．Insecure. （十） （2024新课标全国Ⅰ卷）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 2. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. （十一） （2024新课标全国Ⅱ卷）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 1. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 2. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 3. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 4. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. （十二） （2024全国甲卷）“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 1. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 2. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 3. What is expected of a good ending? A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 4. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. （十三） （2024湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）Chat GPT is a new AI system that sounds so human in conversations that it could host its own radio programs. Reading between its instantly generated, perfectly grammatical lines, people see different visions of the future. Without doubt, Chat GPT is impressive. Some compare the emergence of Chat GPT to the impact of the iPhone, but that doesn’t do it justice. Chat GPT, as well as the generative AI that will follow and outsmart it, is more disruptive. And yet, that doesn’t necessarily mean the end of the world is upon us. On the contrary, Chat GPT, I would argue, might serve to make us more aware of our irreplaceable human qualities. Take the creative act, writing in particular, as an example. If you want it to, the AI-powered chatbot always produces something because it has the whole world of online data to draw from. But unlike us, it lacks the consciousness. Thinking is hard, critical thinking even harder, and Chat GPT isn’t good at either. It just restates what has already been said; it is one big recycling machine. There is another obvious limitation of Chat GPT. Philosopher Harry Frankfurt once claimed: the difference between a bullshitter (胡说八道的人) and a liar is that the liar knows what the truth is but decides to take the opposite direction; a bullshitter, however, has no regard for the truth at all. The AI scholar Gary Marcus applies this distinction to Chat GPT. He believes that we have reached a critical point when “the price of bullshit reaches zero and people who want to spread misinformation, either politically or just to make a profit, start doing that plentifully”. Unfortunately, Chat GPT will reproduce misinformation from any of its input sources — it is not an intelligent system that tries to balance or weight different perspectives. In this sense, everything that Chat GPT writes is bullshit. This is why the so-called AIQ is critical. It is actually an extension and a measurement of our human IQ: our overall knowledge of AI tools, our mastery of clues, and our ethical awareness. Chat GPT is going to change everything and nothing. Creativity, imagination and ethics — these will all remain unique human domains. It is the AI’s very limitations that will make us appreciate our own. 1．What can we learn about Chat GPT? A．It helps generate an artificial voice. B．It provides instructions on writing skills. C．It generates natural language responses. D．It offers a service for language learning. 2．What does the underlined word “disruptive” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Evil. B．Reliable. C．Profitable. D．Revolutionary. 3．Why does the author consider Chat GPT as a bullshit generator? A．It makes up lies constantly. B．It can’t tell right from wrong. C．It often makes unfair judgement. D．It always takes a neutral standpoint. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Chat GPT Makes Us Human B．Chat GPT Is Causing Panic Now C．Chat GPT: Treat It Like a Toy, Not a Tool D．Chat GPT:Why It Is Bound to Generate Bullshit （十四） （2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）As energy costs rise across Europe, some people are taking an opportunity to head off to warmer climates in order to cut down on bills. Greece is one of a number of countries trying to draw visitors in for the winter-with a $20 million advertising campaign. Famous for its sun, golden beaches and medieval city, the island of Rhodes in the south Aegean Sea is a magnet(磁铁)for northern Europeans. More than three million flock to the island every summer, but some also come in the winter. In order to capitalize on the energy crisis, the Greek government launched a series of winter tourism campaigns aimed at attracting European visitors seeking an alternative to the bitter cold and high energy bills. Places like Santorini, Crete and Rhodes were high on the list, as temperatures there remain in the high teens. However, the campaign to advertise Greece abroad hasn’t attracted as many visitors as expected. “The campaign from the ministry is in the right direction-I think they’re doing things right,”says Dionissis Tsiligiris, tourism marketing director for the Rodos Palace hotel and convention center in Rhodes. “But when it comes to winter tourism, Spain will always be the first choice,”Tsiligiris continues. Hotels and tour operators there just have more exposure. So competing for winter tourism is very difficult, as it’s a smaller market. While it’s true that fewer people travel abroad than in the summer,entering the winter market could seem quite easy when you have the two key ingredients-almost guaranteed sun and well-established tourist facilities. But what’s making it difficult, according to Ashley Quint, senior holiday designer at a UK travel agency, is the message the government is sending. “Tourist boards and local governments can over complicate things sometimes and the message doesn’t necessarily come across. In this case, there needs to be a simple and clear message. In addition, broadening it out a little bit may be better, because we see very little here. ” It seems that making Greece a winter destination for travelers to enjoy and save might need more than just the attraction of warmer weather. 1．Why do some Europeans go to warmer countries for winter? A．To avoid energy expense. B．To decrease the heating fee. C．To enjoy sunshine and beaches. D．To explore winter travel options. 2．What mainly results in the disappointing result of Greece’s campaign? A．Ministry’s poor marketing. B．Operator’s limited exposure. C．Tourists’ common preference. D．Government’s inappropriate policies. 3．What should Greece’s campaign focus on according to Ashley Quint? A．Sending the message globally. B．Getting ideas easily understood. C．Beating the potential competitors. D．Advertising key tourist resources. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Greece Ready to Take Winter Tourist Market B．Greece Confident to Win the Tourism Campaign C．Greece Eager to Draw Winter Tourists to the Sun D．Greece Determined to Be a Winter Tourist Destination （十五） （2023·山东潍坊·潍坊一中校考模拟预测）This 3-mile stretch of sand and tide pools beneath a castle of 80-foot cliffs is a California tourism poster if there ever was one. Nothing disturbs the perfect, sunny view, except — once you’re aware of them — microplastic particles (颗粒). But you have to look close-on-your-hands-and-knees close-to see one. And once you do, you see another and another — so many that you may not think of this, or any beach, the same way again. These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers (生产商) melt down to form everything have been escaping factories, container ships, trains, trucks — and public notice — for decades. The 2- to 3-millimeter, multicolored balls are a subset (子集) of microplastic-plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size. Microplastic particles accumulate where water takes them, and they’ve been found on shorelines of every continent. Dr McReynolds is an environmental scientist who’s now joined a global movement studying their trail into the environment. Establishing a baseline count of the presence of microplastic particles — and, more broadly, any microplastics — is the focus of Dr McReynolds’ scientific study here. Charting the count, noting tide, current, and weather conditions will show if amounts are increasing, and perhaps at what rate and why. That knowledge, he says, can inform solutions to plastic pollution such as regulation of their use. “What are you doing? Picking up trash?” asks a steady stream of beach walkers whenever Dr McReynolds’ crew walks onto the beach and sets up equipment. These are teachable moments for Dr McReynolds. One recent morning he told some beach walkers how microplastic particles are believed to absorb toxic chemicals, and — because they resemble fish eggs — are eaten by fish and birds and enter the food chain. Almost right on time, a seagull hopped up to a plastic-coated photo of microplastic particles and hungrily pecked (啄食) at it. Will his work help save the world? Dr McReynolds waves a finger at that idea, “I won’t ever use that word — I won’t save the world from this pollution problem. Preserve it, yes. We want to take care of it.” 1．What do we know about microplastic particles from paragraph 1? A．They are too small to be seen. B．They have been ignored for long. C．They are products of plastic balls. D．They can be made into almost everything. 2．What does Dr McReynolds focus on in his study? A．Classifying plastic particles into subsets. B．Finding solutions to plastic pollution. C．Charting the tides and currents of oceans. D．Creating a data collection for microplastics. 3．What does a seagull’s pecking at the picture prove? A．The interesting teachable moments. B．The spread of poisonous chemicals. C．The harmful effect of microplastic particles. D．The beauty of the photo of microplastic particles. 4．What does Dr McReynolds expect of his work? A．To save the world. B．To protect the earth. C．To educate the public. D．To provide solutions. （十六） （2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考三模）I was 68 when I first stepped on stage as a standup comedian in 2003. I’d never set foot in a comedy club before. I’ve always been a performer - I’ve worked as a singer, actor and musician - but all that came to an end after 9/11. I live in New York, and we watched the twin towers fall from my apartment building. For a year afterwards, nobody wanted to go out or be entertained. It was then that I started to think about comedy. I realised people needed to laugh, to enjoy themselves again, and thought that with a little training I could do it. I took a few classes, tried to work out a routine, and finally plucked up the courage to get up on stage. That first time was terrifying. I had no idea what the audience would make of me. In New York, comedians are typically young men with beards. It’s hard enough to break through as a woman, even harder as someone old enough to be their grandmother. As I stepped on stage that first time, people laughed nervously. They were clearly surprised to see me. I introduced myself, stated my age and tried my first joke. There was silence. But by the time I got to the third line, people were properly laughing, I was addicted. Now my sets differ. I might be on stage for 10 minutes in front of a dozen people, or my one-woman show is a full hour in front of a crowd of 100. Even today, I’m nervous before I step out. My first line is, “Hello, everybody. I’m 88 and three-quarters years old. I’m telling you that in case I don’t make it all the way through the show.” Then people laugh and I relax. After a show, people young and old come up to me, saying what an inspiration I am. They say they want to be as active as me when they reach my age. I’m pleased I can show that as an older person you don’t need to take a back seat in life. I’ve no intention of stopping comedy. I’m taking all these pills, trying to stay alive, and I hope to still be performing when I’m 100. My goal is to still be up there making people laugh. It’s hard work, but it stops me being bored. I’d only be playing golf otherwise 1．What made the writer take up comedy? A．She wanted to overcome her fears B．She wanted to brighten others’ lives C．She was unwilling to quit performing D．She wanted to work out a routine 2．Why does the writer mention young men with beards in Paragraph 3? A．To show the challenge she was facing B．To explain her attraction to the job C．To illustrate her special advantage D．To describe her new friends in comedy 3．How has the writer made progress since her first performance? A．She now performs before larger audiences B．She no longer feels nervous before performances C．She remains on the stage for a longer time D．She has learned to make a joke of her age 4．Which of the following statements would the writer agree with? A．Age is just a number B．Advancing years bring greater wisdom C．Old age means a chance to sit back D．Being elderly means you have to slow down （十七） （2023·江苏·校联考模拟预测）After their three children grew up and left home, Margaret Thompson and her husband, Kenneth, stretched their legs together on walking holidays in Switzerland. In Interlaken, year after year, they would head up the mountain and watch the paragliders (空中滑翔) launch themselves into the sky. Back in town, in a large park, they watched them return to earth. “Some day I’d love to do that,” Thompson told Kenneth. But there was always so much to do in Interlaken. So she continued to watch the gliders take flight and land. Kenneth died in 2005. Eleven years later, and three decades after those walking holidays, Thompson finally took to the skies herself, in a paraglider with an instructor. Thompson was 80. Recently, Thompson heard from an instructor that grown men, when airborne, sometimes cry and beg to be brought down. But what she remembers is “feeling free. You feel weightless. It’s quite windy. It blows you around. You sail along and look around you, and see all the toy houses down below. You feel like you are up in heaven somewhere there, watching everyone down below.” Thirty years seems a long time to hold on to a dream. “It was,” she says. Why did it take so long? “I wanted to do it, but I felt somebody should benefit from it.” She did not think of just enjoying the experience? “I don’t think so. There had to be a cause at the end of it all,” she says. With her first paraglide, she raised ￡1,500 for Moorfields eye hospital in London, most of it with the aid of social clubs run by the Presbyterian church she regularly attends. Is she scared of getting older? “Fear? No. People say: ‘Isn’t getting old awful?’ I say: ‘No. You are free to do more things that you want to do.” Thompson felt no fear paragliding. “I mean, you sort of say to yourself: Well, if anything happens to me now, I’m OK. People might worry about falling, it being the end of them. But that didn’t bother me at all. When it’s your time, it’s your time. No matter where you are.” 1．Why didn’t Thompson take up paragliding after her children left home? A．She was engaged. B．She preferred walking. C．She was afraid of heights. D．She had to tend her husband. 2．How did Thompson feel when airborne? A．She lost his direction. B．She was scared to death. C．She regretted paragliding. D．She had a sense of freedom. 3．Why could Thompson hold on to her dream for three decades? A．She got support from social clubs. B．She wanted to make it meaningful. C．She hoped to contribute to the church. D．She had a good cause to experience fun. 4．What’s Thompson’s attitude towards falling? A．Terrified. B．Helpless. C．Calm. D．Doubtful. （十八） （2023·湖北·武汉市黄陂区第一中学校考模拟预测）Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing. Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting. The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time. Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times. Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine. Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain apps or that they distract you from more important things. Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress. Technology can also have physical effects. Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over screens. The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin(褪黑素). Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things. 1．Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1? A．To confirm a concept. B．To present a problem. C．To explain a rule. D．To make a prediction. 2．What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Recover. B．Benefit. C．preventing D．Suffer. 3．Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”? A．Apps selection difficulty. B．Fear of missing important things. C．Exposure to false news. D．Pressure from social comparison. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To recommend healthy lifestyles. B．To call for reducing the use of digital devices. C．To give instructions on starting digital detox. D．To present different attitudes to digital products. （十九） （2023·广东·华南师大附中校考三模） The best literary festivals 2023 across the UK to book now Kite Festival 9-11 June New last year, this literary festival held in the grounds of spectacular stately home Kirtlington Park in Oxfordshire is the first of its kind, combining music and breakthrough ideas to create a unique programme featuring live performances and interactive discussions. Over the Kite Festival weekend, you’ll find award-winning authors sharing their insights on crafting stories and electronic pop legends headlining on the Saturday night. Primadonna 28-30 July Held at the Museum of East Anglian Life in Suffolk, Primadonna prides itself on creating a space for works by women and those whose voices might not otherwise be heard. There are insightful workshops covering everything, including sessions on how to get your foot in the door of the publishing world. The family-friendly event also has plenty to keep kids occupied, from craft activities to entertaining talks from big-name writers. Queen’s Park Book Festival 2-3 September Queen’s Park Book Festival is the only one in the capital to be held in a public park, making it a low-key affair that feels more like a garden party than a full-blown festival. Alongside writers’ discussions on their latest works, you’ll find performance poetry events hosted by hip-hop verse maestro Poetcurious and nightly parties once the sun sets. Henley Literary Festival 30 September-8 October Henley is home to an impressive literary festival, which takes places over a week in October at various venues throughout the town, including the grand riverside private members’ club Phyllis Court and the historic town hall. Alongside main events featuring famous writers, there’s also a hugely popular children’s festival, where little bookworms get the chance to come face-to-face with their favourite authors. 1．Which festival promotes less-read writers? A．Kite Festival. B．Primadonna. C．Queen’s Park Book Festival. D．Henley Literary Festival. 2．Where can visitors enjoy performances? A．Kite Festival & Primadonna. B．Primadonna & Henley Literary Festival. C．Kite Festival & Queen’s Park Book Festival. D．Queen’s Park Book Festival & Henley Literary Festival. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a special book festival. B．To promote local activities for families. C．To inform readers of some literary events. D．To provide introductions about famous authors. （二十） （2023全国甲卷）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 1. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 2. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 3. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 4. What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考题猜想02阅读理解期中必刷20篇 （一） （2024·江西景德镇·统考一模）It turns out our plants are just like us in some ways. We turn to medicines to relieve a minor flu or headache, and plants too have their ways of self-medicating. They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation. Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller for aches and pains, just like we do,” said plant biologist Wilhelmina van de ven from the University of California, River-side (U. C．R) “We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C．R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial for the food supply in our increasingly hot, bright world.” Human skin produces ROS (Reactive oxygen species) (活性氧) in the absence of sunscreen. This causes freckles and burns. Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels, can cause death. At low levels, however, ROS serves an essential function in plant cells. “ROS is a double-edged sword,” said Wang. “At non-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call to action, enabling the production of protective hormones ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts to protect the plants’ chloroplasts, known to be the site of photosynthesis. “With climate change, things like salicylic acid:  helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life,” said Katayoon Dehesh, UCR professor of molecular biochemistry. “Those impacts go beyond our food. Plants being in trouble are a sign of what the future holds for us,”  she continued. “Plants clean our air by removing the carbon dioxide from it while also offering us shade, and providing habitats for numerous animals. For humankind,  the benefits of boosting plants’ ability to survive are becoming increasingly essential.” 1．What is the main function of salicylic acid in plants? A．To secure plants. B．To produce chloroplasts. C．To relieve pain and inflammation. D．To generate hormones. 2．What is the main cause of ROS formation in plants? A．Lack of sunscreen. B．Chloroplastic acid. C．Environmental stresses. D．Use of Photosynthesis. 3．What is the main goal of the researchers at UCR? A．To explore the history and significance of aspirin in human medicine. B．To invent a device that can make plants do self-medicating. C．To compare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating. D．To improve crop resistance by increasing plants’ ability to produce salicylic acid. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Plants can be improved to resist environmental hazards. B．Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress. C．Plants and humans share some common features and needs. D．Plants contribute to the well-being of humans and animals. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸).(它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。)”可知，水杨酸在植物中的主要作用是保护植物，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels, can cause death.(同样，环境压力会导致植物体内ROS的形成，而这种ROS在高水平时可能导致死亡。)”可知，植物中ROS形成的主要原因是环境压力。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C. R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang.(“我们希望能够利用这一发现来提高作物的抗性，”加州大学洛杉矶分校植物遗传学家Jin-Zheng Wang说。)”和倒数第二段“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life(随着气候变化，像水杨酸这样帮助植物抵抗压力的物质变得越来越普遍。因此，能够提高植物生产它的能力，代表着在挑战气候变化对日常生活的影响方面迈出了一步)”可知，UCR研究人员的主要目标是通过增加植物产生水杨酸的能力来提高作物的抗性，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.(它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。它负责阿司匹林的抗炎作用，阿司匹林是一种被人类使用了几个世纪的药物，用于对抗疼痛和炎症。)”和第二段“Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change.(研究人员发现，植物叶绿体中产生的水杨酸通常是在应对气候变化造成的压力时产生的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害，因此主旨大意是B选项“Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.(植物会分泌自己阿司匹林来应对压力)”。故选B。 （二） （2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true? Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers”. Psychology research suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their choices. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. Consequently, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including unfavorable influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above. However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them. 1．Which of the following can be called “herd behaviour” ? A．Choosing the most crowded restaurant to dine in. B．Asking friends for suggestions when in confusion. C．Running out immediately when the fire bell rings. D．Analyzing a product carefully before buying it. 2．An important condition for herd behaviour lies in _______. A．explaining life patterns B．understanding social connections C．comprehending others’ mental state D．sharing information among individuals 3．What leads to the herd behaviour? A．Wisdom of crowds. B．Uncertain outcomes. C．Lack of rational analyses. D．Enough individual opinions. 4．How can people avoid the the herd behaviour? A．Never follow the trend. B．Keep a questioning mind. C．Say no to any popular events. D．Stand opposite against the public. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了跟随他人行为的问题，包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影响并解释了“羊群行为”的概念。文章强调了跟随他人行为的危险性，因为这种行为往往不需要批判性思考，可能会导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为。因此建议要谨慎对待跟随他人行为，并要保持批判性思维。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. (自然地模仿他人的想法或选择或随大流通常被称为“从众行为”)”可知，选择最拥挤的餐厅用餐被称为“羊群行为”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their choices. (一个关键的先决条件是人类“心理化”的能力，这意味着能够阅读和解读他人的心理状态，并利用这些信息来解释他们的选择)”可知，“羊群行为”的一个重要条件是理解他人的心理状态。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. (与所谓的“群体智慧”相反，当个体群体成员的判断被独立收集以产生平均意见时，“羊群行为”通常依赖于所谓的“信息瀑布”，人们在没有批判性地评估潜在原因的情况下接受他人的信念或复制他们的选择。这经常导致模仿不合理的行为或愚蠢的行为。)”可知，缺乏理性的分析导致了“羊群行为”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them.(然而，似乎没有快速和简单的解决办法来抵制群体行为的诱惑。相反，长期的态度改变可能是必要的，这可能涉及个人对同龄人的观点采取更批判的态度，质疑他人的行为，而不是盲目地追随他们)”可知，保持质疑的心态可以避免从众行为。故选B。 （三） （2024·吉林长春·统考一模）It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind. The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy. Commonly seen  “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward. The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration.  “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.” Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the existing look of the murals for as long as possible. 1．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2? A．To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals. B．To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road. C．To stress the significance of the restoration work. D．To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage. 2．Which of the following best describes the restoration work? A．Creative. B．Well-paid. C．Interesting. D．Demanding. 3．What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4? A．Spotting the faded murals in time. B．Fixing the missing parts of murals. C．Making preservation of the murals as they are. D．Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings. B．The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves. C．The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation. D．The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莫高窟壁画的修复工作。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people (这些文物是几个世纪以来古丝绸之路上文化交流的产物。我们的工作，修复壁画和彩雕，是为了更好地保护洞穴，这是一个伟大的敦煌，它向世界展示了伟大的敦煌精神，并激励了现代人。)”可知，修复壁画和彩雕是为了更好地保护洞穴，它向世界展示了伟大的敦煌精神，并激励了现代人。可知，本段主要强调修复工作的重要性。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.(修复壁画需要一个多面手。修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。他们还必须选择合适的材料和工具，并进行实验，然后才正式进行修复和评估效果。)”可知，修复工作对修复人员的要求是非常高的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them.(修复工作应尊重原作，以保持壁画的现状为目标，而不是重新绘制壁画)”可知，修复工作应注重保护壁画的原貌。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.( 这是一场与时间的赛跑，尽管受到风沙的侵蚀，敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员仍在努力保护莫高窟的艺术魅力。莫高窟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。)”以及后文对修复工作的目的，要求等的介绍可知，文章主要讲述的是莫高窟壁画修复工作。故选B。 （四） （2024·吉林长春·统考一模）For all of human history, eating meat has meant killing animals. But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that’s no longer necessary. They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an animal’s body. Lab-grown meat, also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat, is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs. The idea is to create an alternative to agriculturally raised meat. And unlike other meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients, lab-grown meat is real meat. When ready, the meat is formed into shapes such as sausages or nuggets (块), and looks, smells and tastes like any other grocery store version, Recently, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has given two companies approval to sell lab-grown chicken. The approval launches a new era of meat production aimed at eliminating harm to animals, and reducing the environmental impacts of grazing (放牧) and growing feed for animals. Scientists warn that the typical way meat is produced now, in concentrated animal feeding operations, is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. Lab-grown meat is more sustainable and can be produced without antibiotics, and without producing greenhouse gas emissions linked to animal agriculture. “Everything we know about how meat can be made is going to change. But don’t expect to see cultivated meat in grocery stores just yet,” said Uma Valeti, CEO of UPSIDE Foods. Lab-grown chicken is much more expensive, because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat. “To make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high,” said Bruce Friedrich, president and founder of the Good Food Institute, a nonprofit group that promotes alternative proteins. However, the disadvantage of high energy needs will be offset by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits. If cultured meat is produced on a large scale, it could also offer a solution to feeding the world’s growing population. 1．What do we know about lab-grown meat? A．It is abundant in plant proteins. B．It can be bought in grocery stores. C．It is generated from animals’ cells. D．It tastes more delicious than traditional meat. 2．What is the potential benefit of lab-grown meat? A．Higher safety for eating. B．Lower costs for restaurants. C．Improvements in traditional agriculture. D．Positive impacts on climate change and animals. 3．What problem does the author mention in paragraph 4? A．It is hard to produce lab-grown meat in quantity. B．The USDA doesn’t approve the sale of lab-grown meat. C．Many people raise doubts about the safety of lab-grown meat. D．Lab-grown meat can disturb competition in the meat industry. 4．What does the underlined word “offset”  in the last paragraph mean? A．Balanced. B．Satisfied. C．Increased. D．Exchanged. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了实验室培育的肉所带来的益处和问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Lab-grown meat, also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat, is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs. (实验室培育的肉，也称为“细胞培养”或“培养”肉，是通过在实验室的钢罐中向动物细胞喂食混合营养物质制成的)”可知，实验室培育的肉是从动物细胞中培养出来的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Lab-grown meat is more sustainable and can be produced without antibiotics, and without producing greenhouse gas emissions linked to animal agriculture.( 实验室培育的肉类更具可持续性，可以在不使用抗生素的情况下生产，也不会产生与畜牧业相关的温室气体排放)”可知，人造肉潜在的益处在于其能对气候变化产生积极影响。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Lab-grown chicken is much more expensive, because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat.(实验室培育的鸡肉要贵得多，因为它还不能像传统肉类那样生产)”可知，很难大规模生产实验室培育的肉类。故选A项。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“To make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high(为了制造人造肉，能源消耗需求很高)”以及下文“by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits(减少土地和水的使用以及其他利益)”可知，这些高能源需求将被减少土地和水的使用以及其他利益所抵消。由此推知，划线词的意思是“抵消”。故选A项。 （五） （2024·黑龙江佳木斯·佳木斯一中校考模拟预测）I was cutting up lettuce (生菜) in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about putting the lettuce stub (残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug (大杯) and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window. On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the mug, tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope? If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to doubtfully assess where I found myself before being devoted to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a mug of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty. Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two ingredients were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. With the right ingredients, this is the tendency of all living things. Monty still lives in a mug, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my capacity to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger. I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay (腐烂), or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave. 1．Why did the author put the stub in water? A．To hope that it would grow. B．To decorate the nice mug. C．To conduct an experiment. D．To remove his bad mood. 2．What is the first sign of life in the author’s eyes? A．The remaining stub. B．The small leaf. C．The disappearing cuts. D．The tiny root threads. 3．How would the author feel if in the lettuce’s situation? A．Hesitant. B．Fearless. C．Confident. D．Annoyed. 4．Which can be a suitable title of the passage? A．Enjoy your own life to the fullest. B．Believe in yourself when in trouble. C．Never be afraid to restart yourself. D．Give freedom to the heart in a way. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者将生菜残余部分放入水中生长，展现出生命力的故事，并表达了作者希望自己能够像它一样勇敢地面对生活的选择。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I was cutting up lettuce (生菜) in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about putting the lettuce stub (残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug (大杯) and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window.(我正在厨房切生菜，突然想起看过一段视频，讲的是把生菜残余部分放在水里长出一棵新的生菜。于是我拿出一个宽口马克杯，把残余部分放进去，加了一点水，放在窗边。)”可知，作者把生菜残余部分放进杯子里是希望它能长出一棵新的生菜。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope.(在一个下雪的早晨，我注意到了第一个迹象。第一片小叶子从它的中心伸出来。)”可知，作者眼里的生命的第一个迹象是一片小叶子。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to doubtfully assess where I found myself before being devoted to full growth. (如果我是一棵处于类似状况的生菜，我会在全身心投入到全面成长之前，怀疑地评估一下自己的位置。)”可知，作者如果是一棵处于类似状况的生菜，作者会怀疑自己的状况，会感到犹豫。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay (腐烂), or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave.(我很惊讶地发现自己在这里。也许Monty也是。我和他有同样的选择：要么屈服，要么腐烂，要么重新开始。重新开始的前景令人沮丧。但是我的生菜朋友Monty在前面带路。我只希望能像你一样勇敢。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者将生菜残余部分放在水中，生菜努力生长的故事给作者带来的感触。作者认为，我们要勇于重新开始。故选C。 （六） （2024·四川绵阳·统考一模）The upcoming China-Central Asia Summit is to be held in Xi’an, which has a history of over 3,000 years and enjoys a reputation as a “Living History Museum”. If you are among the participants, just enjoy the following. The Terracotta Army It is one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. Discovered in 1974, the army of Terracotta Warriors was constructed by China’s First Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC) with a collection of thousands of life-size terracotta soldiers and horses differing in facial features and expressions, clothing, hairstyle and also body position. Ancient City Wall It was built in the 14th century by Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Now it is one of the oldest and best-preserved Chinese city walls. The wall is now a landmark, where you can enjoy a good view of the city. Giant Wild Goose Pagoda One of China’s most famous Buddhist pagodas, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, was built in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) for the study of Buddhist scriptures (经典). One of its main functions was to store scriptures brought to China from India by the famous monk and traveler Xuan Zang. Shaanxi History Museum It is home to over 370,000 precious treasures unearthed in Shaanxi. Its collections range from bronze wares to pottery (陶) figures, gold and paintings from the Tang Dynasty tombs. Among its precious collections, some pieces have been listed as national treasures. 1．Where can you go if you’re into ancient China’s troops? A．The Terracotta Army. B．Ancient City Wall. C．Giant Wild Goose Pagoda. D．Shaanxi History Museum. 2．What do the four attractions have in common? A．They date back to 1, 000 years ago. B．They have wonderful tall buildings. C．They show the great historical charm of Xi’an. D．They have a wide range of precious collections. 3．Who is the passage mainly intended for? A．The travelers to Xi’an. B．The history-lovers to Xi’an. C．The participants to a summit in Xi’an. D．The visitors to a famous museum in Xi’an. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个位于西安，具有历史和文化价值的景点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章The Terracotta Army部分中“Discovered in 1974, the army of Terracotta Warriors was constructed by China’s First Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC) with a collection of thousands of life-size terracotta soldiers and horses differing in facial features and expressions, clothing, hairstyle and also body position.(兵马俑于1974年被发现，是由中国秦始皇秦朝(公元前221年-公元前207年)建造的，有数千个真人大小的兵马俑，在面部特征和表情、服装、发型和身体姿势上各不相同)”可知，如果你想了解古代中国的军队，你可以去兵马俑。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章The Terracotta Army部分中“It is one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century.(这是20世纪最伟大的发现之一)”和Ancient City Wall部分中“Now it is one of the oldest and best-preserved Chinese city walls.(现在它是中国最古老、保存最完好的城墙之一)”和Giant Wild Goose Pagoda部分中“It was built in the 14th century by Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).(它是明朝(1368-1644)第一任皇帝朱元璋于14世纪建造的)”和Shaanxi History Museum部分中“Its collections range from bronze wares to pottery (陶) figures, gold and paintings from the Tang Dynasty tombs.(它的藏品包括青铜器、陶俑、黄金和唐代墓葬的绘画)”可知，这四个景点的共同之处是它们展现了西安伟大的历史魅力。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The upcoming China-Central Asia Summit is to be held in Xi’an, which has a history of over 3,000 years and enjoys a reputation as a “Living History Museum”. If you are among the participants, just enjoy the following.(即将召开的中国-中亚领导人会议将在拥有3000多年历史、有“活历史博物馆”美誉的西安举行。如果你是参与者之一，请享受以下内容)”可推知，这篇文章主要是写给出席西安峰会的与会者看的。故选C项。 （七） （2024·四川内江·统考一模）In elementary school, Glenn Cameron was very aware of the challenges faced by his friend, Roger, who was missing a hand. Now he has built an artificial helper for him. The robotic hand is called “Dexi”. Its each finger can move independently. The strength and speed of the hand’s “muscles” can be controlled. The fingers stop closing when they come across something, allowing the hand to shake hands, for example. He’s also created a digital version of this hand, which responds on a computer screen. The system considered unusual by experts is that it takes electrical signals from a human brain and sends them to a computer. Cameron managed to apply the brain interface (接口) after hundreds of experiments. Wearing a special headset, he can open and close the robotic hand just by thinking. To make the hand close, he “sees” a fist in his head. To open the hand, he thinks about the beep (嘟嘟声). In fact, Cameron’s first robotic hand was 3D printed from an online robot kit. Realizing the hand was too limited, he decided to build his own. It was quite a challenge, but his new version was better. It’s also cheap, compared to many other robotic hand projects. Mr. Cameron says designing and building the hand is hard and finds programming computers easier. Then came the one Roger is using. Cameron is working on a hand that can actually be used by a person who’s lost a hand at present. He says the new hand will be simpler, because there won’t be as much space. To make up for this, he’s adding a mini camera and trying to make the hand smarter. He wants to let users think of a task and have the hand do it automatically. Cameron encourages young people who think they might want to do something demanding and similar: “You just begin working towards it, taking one little step at a time, purposeful and determined, sooner or later you’re going to get to where you long for.” 1．What’s the most special about the robotic hand Roger uses? A．The mini camera. B．Controllable muscles. C．3D printing. D．The brain interface. 2．Which version of the artificial hand does Dexi belong to? A．The first. B．The second. C．The third. D．The fourth. 3．Which saying do Cameron’s words convey? A．Well begun is half done. B．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. C．All things are difficult before they are easy. D．The longest journey begins with the first step. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Cameron’s road to success. B．A robotic helper for the disabled. C．Cameron’s latest artificial hand design. D．The evolution of Cameron’s robotic hands. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Cameron为了帮助失去了一只手的朋友Roger，为他设计并制造出了可以由电脑控制的机械手。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The system considered unusual by experts is that it takes electricali signals from a human brain and sends them to a computer. Cameron managed to apply the brain nterface (接口) after hundreds of experiments.(这个系统被专家认为是不寻常的，它从人脑中获取电信号并将其发送给计算机。经过数百次实验，Cameron设法成功地应用了大脑接口。)”可知，Roger使用的机械手最特别的地方是大脑接口。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In fact, Cameron’s first robotic hand was 3D printed from an online robot kit. Realizing the hand was too limited, he decided to build his own. It was quite a challenge, but his new version was better. It’s also cheap, compared to many other robotic hand projects. Mr. Cameron says designing and building the hand is hard and finds programming computers easier. Then came the one Roger is using.(事实上，Cameron的第一只机械手是用在线机器人套件3D打印出来的。意识到这只手太有限，他决定自己制造一只机械手。这是一个相当大的挑战，但他的新版本更好。与许多其他机械手项目相比，它也很便宜。Cameron先生说，设计和制造机械手是困难的，而给电脑编程更容易。然后就有了Roger正在使用的那个。)”可知，Roger的第一只机械手是Cameron在网上3D打印的，第二只是Cameron自己制造的，后来又有了Roger现在用的这只Dexi，所以Dexi是第三个版本。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cameron encourages young people who think they might want to do something demanding and similar: ‘You just begin working towards it, taking one little step at a time, purposeful and determined, sooner or later you’re going to get to where you long for.’(Cameron鼓励那些想要做一些有挑战性的类似的事情的年轻人:‘你只要开始朝着它努力，一次迈出一小步，有目标，有决心，迟早你会到达你渴望的地方。’)”可知，Cameron想要表达只要有梦想，并为之坚持，就会成功，即“有志者，事竟成”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In elementary school, Glenn Cameron was very aware of the challenges faced by his friend, Roger, who was missing a hand. Now he has built an artificial helper for him.(上小学的时候，Glenn Cameron非常清楚他的朋友Roger所面临的挑战，他失去了一只手。现在他为他制造了一只机械手来帮助他。)”和第三段“In fact, Cameron’s first robotic hand was 3D printed from an online robot kit. Realizing the hand was too limited, he decided to build his own. It was quite a challenge, but his new version was better. It’s also cheap, compared to many other robotic hand projects. Mr. Cameron says designing and building the hand is hard and finds programming computers easier. Then came the one Roger is using.(事实上，Cameron的第一只机械手是用在线机器人套件3D打印出来的。意识到这只手太有限，他决定自己制造一只机械手。这是一个相当大的挑战，但他的新版本更好。与许多其他机械手项目相比，它也很便宜。Cameron先生说，设计和制造机械手是困难的，而给电脑编程更容易。然后就有了Roger正在使用的那个。)”可知，本文主要叙述了Cameron为帮助朋友，经过几次尝试，终于成功设计并制造了可以由电脑控制的机械手。D项“Cameron机械手的演变”能概括文章大意，符合题意。故选D项。 （八） （2024·全国·校联考模拟预测）The measurement of blood pressure goes back almost three centuries, leading to the procedure that we all know and that our family doctor performs when we have checkups: A cuff (袖口) goes around our arm, which is first inflated (膨胀), and then deflated (放气), in a controlled manner, to determine our maximum and minimum blood pressure. But the use of inflatable-cuff blood pressure monitors has some disadvantages. For one thing, unless people have home monitors, they must go to a chemistry shop, doctor’s office or health center to learn what their blood pressure is. Another barrier is that repeated inflation and deflation of the cuff can cause difficulties when, for example, a patient is in the hospital and needs frequent blood pressure monitoring. And the last one is that since cuffs don’t allow continuous measurement of blood pressure, they’re only providing a measurement at a specific moment. Today, a new generation of blood pressure devices have been developed and their aim is to make it easier to judge high blood pressure. Unlike traditional devices, they do without the arm cuff and offer blood pressure values on demand. Users just press their finger on a sensor on a watch and ring. The various cuffless measuring devices are based on methods that, instead of directly determining blood pressure, use sensors to capture various indirect signals. These signals are processed by different sets of mathematical procedures to obtain the blood pressure values. It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heart beat and sweating instead of using a thermometer (体温表), or divining the result of a soccer match from outside the stadium by listening to the screams of the soccer fans. The development of devices for measuring blood pressure without a blood pressure cuff is progressing rapidly, but that doesn’t mean they are ready used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions. “The road to clinical application may be some day in the near future, but not now,” Avolio says. 1．How many drawbacks of inflatable-cuff blood pressure monitors are there in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Which word can replace the underline word in Para. 4? A．changing. B．describing. C．guessing. D．remembering. 3．What’s the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The working principle of cuffless measuring devices. B．The different methods for setting mathematical procedures. C．The way of cuffless measuring devices to measure indirect signals. D．The connection between inferring fever and measuring blood pressure. 4．What will the writer most probably talk about on cuffless measuring devices next? A．The issue of mass-producing them. B．The processing techniques of them. C．The competitive intensity among their producers. D．The reasons for them not being used in the medical world currently. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新一代的血压测量设备。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For one thing, unless people have home monitors, they must go to a chemistry shop, doctor’s office or health center to learn what their blood pressure is. Another barrier is that repeated inflation and deflation of the cuff can cause difficulties when, for example, a patient is in the hospital and needs frequent blood pressure monitoring. And the last one is that since cuffs don’t allow continuous measurement of blood pressure, they’re only providing a measurement at a specific moment. (一方面，除非人们有家用监测仪，否则他们必须去化学商店、医生办公室或健康中心了解他们的血压。另一个障碍是，袖带的反复充气和充气可能会造成困难，例如，当病人住院并需要频繁监测血压时。最后一点是，由于袖口不允许持续测量血压，它们只能提供特定时刻的测量。)”可知，传统的可充气的臂袖式血压仪有三个不足之处。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。第四段划线词句前半部分“It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heart beat and sweating instead of using a thermometer (体温表), (这就像不使用体温表，而是通过心跳和出汗的增加来推测发烧，)”列举了一种间接推测的事例，从而推知划线部分“or divining the result of a soccer match from outside the stadium by listening to the screams of the soccer fans (或者通过球迷的尖叫声来divining足球比赛的结果。)”其中划线单词意思是“（间接）猜测（足球比赛结果）”。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The various cuffless measuring devices are based on methods that, instead of directly determining blood pressure, use sensors to capture various indirect signals. These signals are processed by different sets of mathematical procedures to obtain the blood pressure values. (各种无臂袖测量设备的方法，而不是直接测量血压，使用传感器捕捉各种间接信号。这些信号经过不同的数学程序处理，得到血压值。)”可知，本段主要讲的是无臂袖式测量设备的工作原理。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The development of devices for measuring blood pressure without a blood pressure cuff is progressing rapidly, but that doesn’t mean they are ready used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions. (不用血压计袖带测量血压的设备正在迅速发展，但这并不意味着它们已经准备好用于诊断和治疗决策。)”以及Avolio所说“The road to clinical application may be some day in the near future, but not now. (临床应用的道路可能在不久的将来的某一天，但不是现在。)”可知，接下来作者很有可能会介绍新一代无臂袖式血压测量设备在医疗行业中使用的原因。故选D项。 （九） （2024·全国·校联考模拟预测）Under a midday summer sun in California’s Sacramento Valley, rice farmer Peter Rystrom walks across a dusty and bare plot of land, dry soil crunching (碎裂) beneath each step. In a typical year, he’d be walking across green rice fields in inches of water. But today the soil is dry and baking in the 35℃ heat. It hasn’t rained for 4 weeks in a row. “Climate change is expected to worsen the state’s extreme swings in rainfall,” researchers reported in Nature Climate Change in 2018. Low water levels in rivers have forced farmers like Rystrom, whose family has been growing rice on this land for four generations, to reduce their water use. “If we lose our rice crops, we have to deal with severe food crisis. Climate change is already threatening rice-growing regions around the world. This is not a future problem. This is happening now,” says plant geneticist Pamela Ronald of the University of California, Davis, who identifies genes in rice that help the plant stand up to dryness, disease, flood, etc. To save and even boost production, rice growers, engineers and researchers have turned to water-saving irrigation (灌溉) routines. Building canal systems and reservoirs (水库) can help farmers dampen their fields. But for some, the solution to rice’s climate-related problems lies in enhancing the plant itself. They hold that establishing rice gene banks that store hundreds of thousands of rice varieties ready to be bred into new, dryness-tolerant varieties is more practical and effective. Solutions may be hidden in the DNA of those older breeds. Three decades have passed since its initial development, and some researchers are looking beyond the genetic variability preserved in rice gene banks, searching instead for useful genes from other species, including plants and bacteria. But picking genes from one species and putting them into another, or genetic recombination, remains debatable. The most famous example of genetically changed rice is Golden Rice (GR). “Looking ahead, it will be crucial for countries to embrace GR rice. But it will take time,” says Ismail, principal scientist at IRRI, 1．What problem does Rystrom have to deal with? A．Thirst. B．Drought. C．Hot sun. D．Dusty weather. 2．What can be inferred from Para. 3? A．Downtrend of rice-growing areas is severe now. B．Climate change is a threatening factor in the future. C．Humans will face starvation if crop failure happens. D．Food crisis is a common occurrence around the world. 3．What’s the purpose of setting up gene banks? A．To store as many seeds as possible. B．To cultivate climate-adapted varieties. C．To improve the efficiency of breeding. D．To show the technology of gene mapping. 4．What’s Ismail’s opinion about GR? A．Favourable. B．Impractical. C．Disapproving. D．Insecure. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了气候变化已经威胁到世界各地的水稻种植区，并讨论了解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But today the soil is dry and baking in the 35℃ heat. It hasn’t rained for 4 weeks in a row. (但今天，土壤干燥，在35℃的高温下炙烤。已经连续四周没下雨了)”等内容和第二段中“Low water levels in rivers have forced farmers like Rystrom, whose family has been growing rice on this land for four generations, to reduce their water use. (河流的低水位迫使像Rystrom这样的农民减少用水量，他们的家庭已经在这片土地上种植了四代水稻)”可知，Rystrom急需解决田地干旱的问题。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“If we lose our rice crops, we have to deal with severe food crisis.(如果我们失去了水稻作物，我们就必须应对严重的粮食危机)”可推知，如果农作物歉收，人类将面临饥荒。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They hold that establishing rice gene banks that store hundreds of thousands of rice varieties ready to be bred into new, dryness-tolerant varieties is more practical and effective. (他们认为，建立水稻基因库，储存成千上万的水稻品种，准备培育出新的耐旱品种，是更实际和有效的)”可推知，建立基因库的目的是为了培育适应气候的品种。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ismail所说“Looking ahead, it will be crucial for countries to embrace GR rice. (展望未来，各国接受转基因大米将是至关重要的)”可推知，Ismail对Golden Rice是持赞成态度的。故选A项。 （十） （2024新课标全国Ⅰ卷）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 2. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 （十一） （2024新课标全国Ⅱ卷）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 1. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 2. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 3. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 4. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的信息亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入售货亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。 （十二） （2024全国甲卷）“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 1. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 2. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 3. What is expected of a good ending? A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 4. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。 （十三） （2024湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）Chat GPT is a new AI system that sounds so human in conversations that it could host its own radio programs. Reading between its instantly generated, perfectly grammatical lines, people see different visions of the future. Without doubt, Chat GPT is impressive. Some compare the emergence of Chat GPT to the impact of the iPhone, but that doesn’t do it justice. Chat GPT, as well as the generative AI that will follow and outsmart it, is more disruptive. And yet, that doesn’t necessarily mean the end of the world is upon us. On the contrary, Chat GPT, I would argue, might serve to make us more aware of our irreplaceable human qualities. Take the creative act, writing in particular, as an example. If you want it to, the AI-powered chatbot always produces something because it has the whole world of online data to draw from. But unlike us, it lacks the consciousness. Thinking is hard, critical thinking even harder, and Chat GPT isn’t good at either. It just restates what has already been said; it is one big recycling machine. There is another obvious limitation of Chat GPT. Philosopher Harry Frankfurt once claimed: the difference between a bullshitter (胡说八道的人) and a liar is that the liar knows what the truth is but decides to take the opposite direction; a bullshitter, however, has no regard for the truth at all. The AI scholar Gary Marcus applies this distinction to Chat GPT. He believes that we have reached a critical point when “the price of bullshit reaches zero and people who want to spread misinformation, either politically or just to make a profit, start doing that plentifully”. Unfortunately, Chat GPT will reproduce misinformation from any of its input sources — it is not an intelligent system that tries to balance or weight different perspectives. In this sense, everything that Chat GPT writes is bullshit. This is why the so-called AIQ is critical. It is actually an extension and a measurement of our human IQ: our overall knowledge of AI tools, our mastery of clues, and our ethical awareness. Chat GPT is going to change everything and nothing. Creativity, imagination and ethics — these will all remain unique human domains. It is the AI’s very limitations that will make us appreciate our own. 1．What can we learn about Chat GPT? A．It helps generate an artificial voice. B．It provides instructions on writing skills. C．It generates natural language responses. D．It offers a service for language learning. 2．What does the underlined word “disruptive” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Evil. B．Reliable. C．Profitable. D．Revolutionary. 3．Why does the author consider Chat GPT as a bullshit generator? A．It makes up lies constantly. B．It can’t tell right from wrong. C．It often makes unfair judgement. D．It always takes a neutral standpoint. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Chat GPT Makes Us Human B．Chat GPT Is Causing Panic Now C．Chat GPT: Treat It Like a Toy, Not a Tool D．Chat GPT:Why It Is Bound to Generate Bullshit 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了人类的创造力、想象力和道德是ChatGPT无法匹敌的，正在这些独有的人类品质将我们与人工智能区分开来，让人类更加欣赏自己。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ChatGPT is a new AI system that sounds so human in conversations that it could host its own radio programs.(hatGPT是一种新的人工智能系统，它在对话中听起来非常像人类，它甚至可以主持自己的广播节目)”可知，ChatGPT可以与人聊天，进行非常自然的语言应答。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Some compare the emergence of ChatGPT to the impact of the iPhone, but that doesn’t do it justice.(有些人将ChatGPT的出现与iPhone的影响相提并论，但这并不公平)”可知，对于有人将ChatGPT与iPhone相提并论，作者并不赞同。结合划线词前“more”可推知，作者认为ChatGPT比iPhone更具有创新性和颠覆性，所以划线词与revolutionary意思相近，意为“革命性的，颠覆性的”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Unfortunately, ChatGPT will reproduce misinformation from any of its input sources — it is not an intelligent system that tries to balance or weight different perspectives. In this sense, everything that ChatGPT writes is bullshit.(不幸的是，ChatGPT会从任何输入源中复制错误信息——它不是一个试图平衡或权衡不同观点的智能系统。从这个意义上说，ChatGPT所写的一切都是胡扯)”可知，ChatGPT只是复制信息，不能辨别信息的真伪，所以作者认为它是一个胡扯生成器。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“And yet, that doesn’t necessarily mean the end of the world is upon us. On the contrary, ChatGPT, I would argue, might serve to make us more aware of our irreplaceable human qualities.(然而，这并不一定意味着世界末日就要来了。相反，我认为ChatGPT可能会让我们更多地意识到我们不可替代的人类品质)”和最后一段中“ChatGPT is going to change everything and nothing. Creativity, imagination and ethics — these will all remain unique human domains. It is the AI’s very limitations that will make us appreciate our own.(ChatGPT会改变一切，也不会改变什么。创造力、想象力和道德——这些都将是人类独有的领域。正是人工智能的局限性会让人类更加欣赏人类自己)”可知，本文论证了人类的创造力、想象力和道德是ChatGPT无法匹敌的，正在这些独有的人类品质将我们与人工智能区分开来。ChatGPT无法战胜人类，相反，正是ChatGPT之类的人工智能让我们认识到人类的独特，让人类更加欣赏自己。故“ChatGPT Makes Us Human (ChatGPT让人性的光辉更加辉煌)”是最佳标题。故选A项。 （十四） （2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）As energy costs rise across Europe, some people are taking an opportunity to head off to warmer climates in order to cut down on bills. Greece is one of a number of countries trying to draw visitors in for the winter-with a $20 million advertising campaign. Famous for its sun, golden beaches and medieval city, the island of Rhodes in the south Aegean Sea is a magnet(磁铁)for northern Europeans. More than three million flock to the island every summer, but some also come in the winter. In order to capitalize on the energy crisis, the Greek government launched a series of winter tourism campaigns aimed at attracting European visitors seeking an alternative to the bitter cold and high energy bills. Places like Santorini, Crete and Rhodes were high on the list, as temperatures there remain in the high teens. However, the campaign to advertise Greece abroad hasn’t attracted as many visitors as expected. “The campaign from the ministry is in the right direction-I think they’re doing things right,”says Dionissis Tsiligiris, tourism marketing director for the Rodos Palace hotel and convention center in Rhodes. “But when it comes to winter tourism, Spain will always be the first choice,”Tsiligiris continues. Hotels and tour operators there just have more exposure. So competing for winter tourism is very difficult, as it’s a smaller market. While it’s true that fewer people travel abroad than in the summer,entering the winter market could seem quite easy when you have the two key ingredients-almost guaranteed sun and well-established tourist facilities. But what’s making it difficult, according to Ashley Quint, senior holiday designer at a UK travel agency, is the message the government is sending. “Tourist boards and local governments can over complicate things sometimes and the message doesn’t necessarily come across. In this case, there needs to be a simple and clear message. In addition, broadening it out a little bit may be better, because we see very little here. ” It seems that making Greece a winter destination for travelers to enjoy and save might need more than just the attraction of warmer weather. 1．Why do some Europeans go to warmer countries for winter? A．To avoid energy expense. B．To decrease the heating fee. C．To enjoy sunshine and beaches. D．To explore winter travel options. 2．What mainly results in the disappointing result of Greece’s campaign? A．Ministry’s poor marketing. B．Operator’s limited exposure. C．Tourists’ common preference. D．Government’s inappropriate policies. 3．What should Greece’s campaign focus on according to Ashley Quint? A．Sending the message globally. B．Getting ideas easily understood. C．Beating the potential competitors. D．Advertising key tourist resources. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Greece Ready to Take Winter Tourist Market B．Greece Confident to Win the Tourism Campaign C．Greece Eager to Draw Winter Tourists to the Sun D．Greece Determined to Be a Winter Tourist Destination 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着整个欧洲的能源成本上升，一些人正在利用这个机会前往气候变暖的地区，以减少开支。希腊政府发起了一系列冬季旅游活动，旨在吸引更多欧洲游客。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As energy costs rise across Europe, some people are taking an opportunity to head off to warmer climates in order to cut down on bills.(随着整个欧洲的能源成本上升，一些人正在利用这个机会前往气候变暖的地区，以减少开支。)”可知，一些欧洲人去温暖的国家过冬是为了减少取暖费。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, the campaign to advertise Greece abroad hasn’t attracted as many visitors as expected... “But when it comes to winter tourism, Spain will always be the first choice,”Tsiligiris continues(然而，希腊的海外宣传活动并没有像预期的那样吸引那么多的游客……“但是说到冬季旅游，西班牙将永远是第一选择，”Tsiligiris 继续说道)”可推知，游客的共同偏好是导致希腊宣传活动令人失望的主要原因，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But what’s making it difficult,according to Ashley Quint, senior holiday designer at a UK travel agency, is the message the government is sending. “Tourist boards and local governments can overcomplicate things sometimes and the message doesn’t necessarily come across. In this case,there needs to be a simple and clear message.(但英国一家旅行社的资深度假设计师Ashley Quint表示，让这一切变得困难的是政府正在传递的信息。“旅游局和地方政府有时会把事情搞得过于复杂，信息不一定能被理解。在这种情况下，需要有一个简单明了的信息。”)”可知，Ashley Quint认为希腊宣传活动的重点应该是使信息简单明了，即容易被人理解，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“As energy costs rise across Europe, some people are taking an opportunity to head off to warmer climates in order to cut down on bills. Greece is one of a number of countries trying to draw visitors in for the winter-with a $20 million advertising campaign.(随着整个欧洲的能源成本上升，一些人正在利用这个机会前往气候变暖的地区，以减少开支。希腊是众多试图吸引冬季游客的国家之一，该国投入了2000万美元的广告活动。)”可知，文章主要介绍了随着整个欧洲的能源成本上升，一些人正在利用这个机会前往气候变暖的地区，以减少开支。希腊政府发起了一系列冬季旅游活动，旨在吸引更多欧洲游客。由此可知，C项“希腊渴望吸引冬季游客来享受阳光”适合做文章标题，故选C。 （十五） （2023·山东潍坊·潍坊一中校考模拟预测）This 3-mile stretch of sand and tide pools beneath a castle of 80-foot cliffs is a California tourism poster if there ever was one. Nothing disturbs the perfect, sunny view, except — once you’re aware of them — microplastic particles (颗粒). But you have to look close-on-your-hands-and-knees close-to see one. And once you do, you see another and another — so many that you may not think of this, or any beach, the same way again. These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers (生产商) melt down to form everything have been escaping factories, container ships, trains, trucks — and public notice — for decades. The 2- to 3-millimeter, multicolored balls are a subset (子集) of microplastic-plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size. Microplastic particles accumulate where water takes them, and they’ve been found on shorelines of every continent. Dr McReynolds is an environmental scientist who’s now joined a global movement studying their trail into the environment. Establishing a baseline count of the presence of microplastic particles — and, more broadly, any microplastics — is the focus of Dr McReynolds’ scientific study here. Charting the count, noting tide, current, and weather conditions will show if amounts are increasing, and perhaps at what rate and why. That knowledge, he says, can inform solutions to plastic pollution such as regulation of their use. “What are you doing? Picking up trash?” asks a steady stream of beach walkers whenever Dr McReynolds’ crew walks onto the beach and sets up equipment. These are teachable moments for Dr McReynolds. One recent morning he told some beach walkers how microplastic particles are believed to absorb toxic chemicals, and — because they resemble fish eggs — are eaten by fish and birds and enter the food chain. Almost right on time, a seagull hopped up to a plastic-coated photo of microplastic particles and hungrily pecked (啄食) at it. Will his work help save the world? Dr McReynolds waves a finger at that idea, “I won’t ever use that word — I won’t save the world from this pollution problem. Preserve it, yes. We want to take care of it.” 1．What do we know about microplastic particles from paragraph 1? A．They are too small to be seen. B．They have been ignored for long. C．They are products of plastic balls. D．They can be made into almost everything. 2．What does Dr McReynolds focus on in his study? A．Classifying plastic particles into subsets. B．Finding solutions to plastic pollution. C．Charting the tides and currents of oceans. D．Creating a data collection for microplastics. 3．What does a seagull’s pecking at the picture prove? A．The interesting teachable moments. B．The spread of poisonous chemicals. C．The harmful effect of microplastic particles. D．The beauty of the photo of microplastic particles. 4．What does Dr McReynolds expect of his work? A．To save the world. B．To protect the earth. C．To educate the public. D．To provide solutions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了一位环境科学家研究微塑料颗粒在海滩上造成塑料污染问题的情况。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers (生产商) melt down to form everything have been escaping factories, container ships, trains, trucks — and public notice — for decades.(这些微小的预生产塑料球，制造商将其熔化形成所有东西，几十年来一直在逃离工厂、集装箱船、火车、卡车和公众的注意)”可推知，人们长期以来一直忽视这种微塑料颗粒的存在，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Establishing a baseline count of the presence of microplastic particles — and, more broadly, any microplastics — is the focus of Dr McReynolds’ scientific study here.(建立微塑料颗粒存在的基线计数——更广泛地说，任何微塑料——是McReynolds博士在这里的科学研究的重点)”可知，在研究中，他主要是建立一个微塑料颗粒存在的基线计数，这是他的研究重点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“One recent morning he told some beach walkers how microplastic particles are believed to absorb toxic chemicals, and — because they resemble fish eggs — are eaten by fish and birds and enter the food chain. Almost right on time, a seagull hopped up to a plastic-coated photo of microplastic particles and hungrily pecked (啄食) at it.(最近的一个早晨，他告诉一些海滩上的步行者，塑料微粒如何吸收有毒化学物质，而且——因为它们看起来像鱼卵——会被鱼和鸟吃掉，进入食物链。正好这时候，一只海鸥跳到一张塑料微粒的塑料涂层照片上，饥饿地啄着它)”可知，塑料微粒会吸收有毒化学物质，被鱼或鸟吃掉，然后进入食物链，当他正在讲解这种微塑料的危害的时候，正好一只海鸥飞向照片，并且用嘴啄起来，这说明了这种微塑料的危害性。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Will his work help save the world? Dr McReynolds waves a finger at that idea, ‘I won’t ever use that word — I won’t save the world from this pollution problem. Preserve it, yes. We want to take care of it.’(他的工作能帮助拯救世界吗？McReynolds博士对这个想法嗤之以鼻，‘我永远不会用这个词——我不会把世界从污染问题中拯救出来。保护它，是的。我们想要照料它。’)”可知，这位科学家希望能够保护地球，故选B。 （十六） （2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考三模）I was 68 when I first stepped on stage as a standup comedian in 2003. I’d never set foot in a comedy club before. I’ve always been a performer - I’ve worked as a singer, actor and musician - but all that came to an end after 9/11. I live in New York, and we watched the twin towers fall from my apartment building. For a year afterwards, nobody wanted to go out or be entertained. It was then that I started to think about comedy. I realised people needed to laugh, to enjoy themselves again, and thought that with a little training I could do it. I took a few classes, tried to work out a routine, and finally plucked up the courage to get up on stage. That first time was terrifying. I had no idea what the audience would make of me. In New York, comedians are typically young men with beards. It’s hard enough to break through as a woman, even harder as someone old enough to be their grandmother. As I stepped on stage that first time, people laughed nervously. They were clearly surprised to see me. I introduced myself, stated my age and tried my first joke. There was silence. But by the time I got to the third line, people were properly laughing, I was addicted. Now my sets differ. I might be on stage for 10 minutes in front of a dozen people, or my one-woman show is a full hour in front of a crowd of 100. Even today, I’m nervous before I step out. My first line is, “Hello, everybody. I’m 88 and three-quarters years old. I’m telling you that in case I don’t make it all the way through the show.” Then people laugh and I relax. After a show, people young and old come up to me, saying what an inspiration I am. They say they want to be as active as me when they reach my age. I’m pleased I can show that as an older person you don’t need to take a back seat in life. I’ve no intention of stopping comedy. I’m taking all these pills, trying to stay alive, and I hope to still be performing when I’m 100. My goal is to still be up there making people laugh. It’s hard work, but it stops me being bored. I’d only be playing golf otherwise 1．What made the writer take up comedy? A．She wanted to overcome her fears B．She wanted to brighten others’ lives C．She was unwilling to quit performing D．She wanted to work out a routine 2．Why does the writer mention young men with beards in Paragraph 3? A．To show the challenge she was facing B．To explain her attraction to the job C．To illustrate her special advantage D．To describe her new friends in comedy 3．How has the writer made progress since her first performance? A．She now performs before larger audiences B．She no longer feels nervous before performances C．She remains on the stage for a longer time D．She has learned to make a joke of her age 4．Which of the following statements would the writer agree with? A．Age is just a number B．Advancing years bring greater wisdom C．Old age means a chance to sit back D．Being elderly means you have to slow down 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者高龄从事喜剧表演给人们带去欢乐并激励其他人的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“It was then that I started to think about comedy. I realised people needed to laugh, to enjoy themselves again, and thought that with a little training I could do it. (就在那时，我开始思考喜剧。我意识到人们需要笑，需要重新享受生活，我想只要稍加训练，我就能做到)”可知，作者从事喜剧是因为她想让人们的生活快乐起来，重新享受生活。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“In New York, comedians are typically young men with beards. It’s hard enough to break through as a woman, even harder as someone old enough to be their grandmother.(在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。作为一个女人，想要突破已经很困难了，对于一个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人来说，就更难了)”推知，作者提到留胡子的年轻人是为了表明她所面临的挑战——性别和年龄。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Even today, I’m nervous before I step out. My first line is, “Hello, everybody. I’m 88 and three-quarters years old. I’m telling you that in case I don’t make it all the way through the show.” Then people laugh and I relax.(直到今天，我出门前还是很紧张。我的第一句话是：“大家好。我88又四分之三岁了。我告诉你这些是为了以防我没能撑到最后。”然后人们笑了，我也放松了)”可知，作者自第一次表演后尝试用调侃自己的年龄做开场，这样自己和听众都很放松。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“They say they want to be as active as me when they reach my age. I’m pleased I can show that as an older person you don’t need to take a back seat in life.(他们说，当他们到了我这个年纪时，他们想和我一样活跃。我很高兴我能证明，作为一个老年人，你不需要在生活中退居二线)”和最后一段的“I’ve no intention of stopping comedy. I’m taking all these pills, trying to stay alive, and I hope to still be performing when I’m 100.(我无意停止演喜剧。我吃了这么多药，努力活下去，我希望我100岁的时候还能继续表演)”推知，作者认为年龄只是一个数字而已，无论到了哪个年龄阶段，我们都可以做自己喜欢且有意义的事情。故选A。 （十七） （2023·江苏·校联考模拟预测）After their three children grew up and left home, Margaret Thompson and her husband, Kenneth, stretched their legs together on walking holidays in Switzerland. In Interlaken, year after year, they would head up the mountain and watch the paragliders (空中滑翔) launch themselves into the sky. Back in town, in a large park, they watched them return to earth. “Some day I’d love to do that,” Thompson told Kenneth. But there was always so much to do in Interlaken. So she continued to watch the gliders take flight and land. Kenneth died in 2005. Eleven years later, and three decades after those walking holidays, Thompson finally took to the skies herself, in a paraglider with an instructor. Thompson was 80. Recently, Thompson heard from an instructor that grown men, when airborne, sometimes cry and beg to be brought down. But what she remembers is “feeling free. You feel weightless. It’s quite windy. It blows you around. You sail along and look around you, and see all the toy houses down below. You feel like you are up in heaven somewhere there, watching everyone down below.” Thirty years seems a long time to hold on to a dream. “It was,” she says. Why did it take so long? “I wanted to do it, but I felt somebody should benefit from it.” She did not think of just enjoying the experience? “I don’t think so. There had to be a cause at the end of it all,” she says. With her first paraglide, she raised ￡1,500 for Moorfields eye hospital in London, most of it with the aid of social clubs run by the Presbyterian church she regularly attends. Is she scared of getting older? “Fear? No. People say: ‘Isn’t getting old awful?’ I say: ‘No. You are free to do more things that you want to do.” Thompson felt no fear paragliding. “I mean, you sort of say to yourself: Well, if anything happens to me now, I’m OK. People might worry about falling, it being the end of them. But that didn’t bother me at all. When it’s your time, it’s your time. No matter where you are.” 1．Why didn’t Thompson take up paragliding after her children left home? A．She was engaged. B．She preferred walking. C．She was afraid of heights. D．She had to tend her husband. 2．How did Thompson feel when airborne? A．She lost his direction. B．She was scared to death. C．She regretted paragliding. D．She had a sense of freedom. 3．Why could Thompson hold on to her dream for three decades? A．She got support from social clubs. B．She wanted to make it meaningful. C．She hoped to contribute to the church. D．She had a good cause to experience fun. 4．What’s Thompson’s attitude towards falling? A．Terrified. B．Helpless. C．Calm. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了一位八十高龄妇女从事空中滑翔的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“But there was always so much to do in Interlaken. So she continued to watch the gliders take flight and land. (但在Interlaken总是有很多事情要做。于是她继续观看滑翔机飞行和降落。)”可知，Thompson在她的孩子离开家后没有从事滑翔伞运动是因为她很忙，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But what she remembers is “feeling free”. You feel weightless. It’s quite windy. It blows you around. You sail along and look around you, and see all the toy houses down below. You feel like you are up in heaven somewhere there, watching everyone down below.” (但她记得的是“自由的感觉”。你感到失重。风很大。它把你吹来吹去。你航行着，环顾四周，看到下面所有的玩具房子。看着下面的每个人，你会觉得自己好像在天堂的某个地方。)”可知，Thompson在空中有种自由的感觉，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的““I don’t think so. There had to be a cause at the end of it all,” she says. With her first paraglide, she raised ￡1,500 for Moorfields eye hospital in London, most of it with the aid of social clubs run by the Presbyterian church she regularly attends. (“我不这么认为。在这一切结束时，必须有一个原因，”她说。凭借她的第一次滑翔伞，她为伦敦的Moorfields眼科医院筹集了1500英镑，其中大部分资金来自她经常参加的长老会教堂经营的社交俱乐部的帮助。)”可知，Thompson一直坚持着梦想是她想利用空中滑翔做公益事业，想让它有意义。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thompson felt no fear paragliding. “I mean, you sort of say to yourself: Well, if anything happens to me now, I’m OK. People might worry about falling, it being the end of them. But that didn’t bother me at all. When it’s your time, it’s your time. No matter where you are.” (Thompson对滑翔伞毫无畏惧。“我的意思是，你会对自己说：好吧，如果我现在发生了什么事，我没事。人们可能会担心摔倒，这是他们的末日。但这一点也不困扰我。轮到你的时候，就是你的时候。不管你在哪里。”)”可知，Thompson很平静，故选C。 （十八） （2023·湖北·武汉市黄陂区第一中学校考模拟预测）Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing. Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting. The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time. Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times. Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine. Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain apps or that they distract you from more important things. Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress. Technology can also have physical effects. Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over screens. The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin(褪黑素). Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things. 1．Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1? A．To confirm a concept. B．To present a problem. C．To explain a rule. D．To make a prediction. 2．What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Recover. B．Benefit. C．preventing D．Suffer. 3．Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”? A．Apps selection difficulty. B．Fear of missing important things. C．Exposure to false news. D．Pressure from social comparison. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To recommend healthy lifestyles. B．To call for reducing the use of digital devices. C．To give instructions on starting digital detox. D．To present different attitudes to digital products. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字排毒”这个概念，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing. (大多数人生活在屏幕的环绕中，这些屏幕为我们提供了便利、连接和海量信息。但由于很容易感到被每个通知压力所迫，科技可能会感觉更像是一种负担而不是一种祝福)”以及后文的“Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting.( 因此，“数字排毒”的概念正变得越来越受欢迎)”可知，虽然电子设备给我们的生活提供了便利以及海量的信息，但大量的信息通知以及提供有时却给人类增加了负担而不是乐趣，由此后文提出解决问题的方式“数字排毒”。故作者提到“technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing”的目的是为了提出当前人类所面临的问题。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times.(一些专家主张在30年内完全避免不必要的屏幕时间。还有人建议使用一款可以限制人们在某些网站上花费的时间的应用程序。第三种选择是在晚上或周末退出。其他人只是在预定的时间关掉手机)”可知，此处通过列举了“数字排毒”的不同做法，划线词所在的句子应该与其并列。故划线词前面的内容“Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places(有些人甚至花高价去一些地方度假)”可知，还有些人选择去一些地方度假这样可以远离数字生活。故划线词与C选项preventing为同义词，意为“阻止，避免”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying.(也许社交媒体令人沮丧是因为你把自己和别人比较，或者你害怕错过别人喜欢的东西)”可知，进行“数字排毒”的原因之一是，在社交媒体中你总是拿自己和别人进行比较或者害怕错过别人喜欢的东西。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things.(放弃所有屏幕可能不太现实，但战略性地远离科技可能对你的身体、思想、情感和人际关系都有好处。现在是时候选择一个时间关掉你的设备，专注于真正重要的事情)”可知，作者认为现在是时候选择一个时间关掉你的设备，专注于真正重要的事情了，由此推测本文的目的是呼吁读者减少使用数码设备。故选B。 （十九） （2023·广东·华南师大附中校考三模） The best literary festivals 2023 across the UK to book now Kite Festival 9-11 June New last year, this literary festival held in the grounds of spectacular stately home Kirtlington Park in Oxfordshire is the first of its kind, combining music and breakthrough ideas to create a unique programme featuring live performances and interactive discussions. Over the Kite Festival weekend, you’ll find award-winning authors sharing their insights on crafting stories and electronic pop legends headlining on the Saturday night. Primadonna 28-30 July Held at the Museum of East Anglian Life in Suffolk, Primadonna prides itself on creating a space for works by women and those whose voices might not otherwise be heard. There are insightful workshops covering everything, including sessions on how to get your foot in the door of the publishing world. The family-friendly event also has plenty to keep kids occupied, from craft activities to entertaining talks from big-name writers. Queen’s Park Book Festival 2-3 September Queen’s Park Book Festival is the only one in the capital to be held in a public park, making it a low-key affair that feels more like a garden party than a full-blown festival. Alongside writers’ discussions on their latest works, you’ll find performance poetry events hosted by hip-hop verse maestro Poetcurious and nightly parties once the sun sets. Henley Literary Festival 30 September-8 October Henley is home to an impressive literary festival, which takes places over a week in October at various venues throughout the town, including the grand riverside private members’ club Phyllis Court and the historic town hall. Alongside main events featuring famous writers, there’s also a hugely popular children’s festival, where little bookworms get the chance to come face-to-face with their favourite authors. 1．Which festival promotes less-read writers? A．Kite Festival. B．Primadonna. C．Queen’s Park Book Festival. D．Henley Literary Festival. 2．Where can visitors enjoy performances? A．Kite Festival & Primadonna. B．Primadonna & Henley Literary Festival. C．Kite Festival & Queen’s Park Book Festival. D．Queen’s Park Book Festival & Henley Literary Festival. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a special book festival. B．To promote local activities for families. C．To inform readers of some literary events. D．To provide introductions about famous authors. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是2023年英国最好的文学节的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Primadonna部分的“Held at the Museum of East Anglian Life in Suffolk, Primadonna prides itself on creating a space for works by women and those whose voices might not otherwise be heard.(Primadonna在Suffolk的Museum of East Anglian Life举办，它为自己创造了一个空间，展示女性和那些原本可能听不到他们声音的人的作品。)”可知，Primadonna会推广被较少阅读的作家，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Kite Festival部分的“New last year, this literary festival held in the grounds of spectacular stately home Kirtlington Park in Oxfordshire is the first of its kind, combining music and breakthrough ideas to create a unique programme featuring live performances and interactive discussions.(去年，这个文学节在牛津郡壮观的富丽堂皇的柯特灵顿公园举行，这是第一个这样的文学节，将音乐和突破性的想法结合起来，创造了一个独特的节目，包括现场表演和互动讨论。)”和Queen’s Park Book Festival部分的“Alongside writers’ discussions on their latest works, you’ll find performance poetry events hosted by hip-hop verse maestro Poetcurious and nightly parties once the sun sets.(除了作家们对他们最新作品的讨论，你还会发现嘻哈诗歌大师Poetcurious举办的表演诗歌活动和日落后的夜间派对。)”可知，游客在Kite Festival和Queen’s Park Book Festival中可以欣赏表演。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据标题“The best literary festivals 2023 across the UK to book now(2023年英国最好的文学节现在开始预订)”可知，本文主要介绍的是2023年英国最好的文学节的相关信息，因此目的是告知读者一些文学事件。故选C。 （二十） （2023全国甲卷）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 1. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 2. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 3. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 4. What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$