Unit2 Grammar 教案-2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

教 学 内 容 8B Unit 2 Grammar 教 学 目 标 1. 掌握现have(has)been和have(has) gone 的结构和意义 2. 正确运用该结构表达“去过某地和去了某地” 3. 重点词汇、短语 重 点 进一步学习现在完成时 难 点 加深对现在完成时的理解 教学过程 1 sand n.沙；沙滩 eg： The boy filled the bottle with sand. 那个男孩用沙子把瓶子装满了。 sand表示“沙滩”时可用复数形式sands. eg： The children played on the sands.孩子们在沙滩上玩耍。 【测一测】They were excited to sail on the A. salt B. sand C. school D. sea 2 be on上映，放映 【易错点】be on “上映，放映"，与begin/ start意思相同，但是begin/ start为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用。 eg:The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开演十分钟了。 The film starts at five o’clock in the afternoon. 电影下午五点开始。 【测一测】Alice in Wonderland for 15 days and many of us like the film very much. A.begins B.has begun C.began D.has been on 3 over adv.结束 eg：By the time we arrived, the meeting had been over.我们到达时，会议已经结束了。 over的用法 词性 含义 例子 介词 在......上方 A lamp was hanging over the table.桌上挂着一盏灯。 遍及 He has travelled over the whole country. 多于；超过 He has lived in Beijing over two years. 在......期间 He came to town over the weekend.周末他进城了。 副词 翻转过来 Turn the page over and you will see a map. 把这页翻过去你就可以看见一张地图。 完了，结束 Our holiday will soon be over. 搭配:all over the world遍及全世界； go over仔细检杳； over and over again 反复地 【一语巧记】She dreamed of travelling all over the world. So she went over the map over and over again.她梦想去环游世界，所以她反复地研究地图。 【测一测】 Class is . Let’s go home together. A. over B. begin C. beginning D. finish _ 4 marry vi. & vt.结婚，嫁，娶 eg: He is going to marry Jane.他将与简结婚。 【易错点】many的用法 词条 含义及用法 示例 marry sb. / get married to sb. 一般不与介词with连用，表示动作，意为“和某人结婚"，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 She married a teacher. = She got married to a teacher.她嫁给了一位教师。 be married 表示状态，能和一段时间连用， 常用于完成时中。 They have been married for 5 years / since 5 years ago.他们已经结婚5 年了。 【测一测】He for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married 5 dead /ded/ adj.死的 eg： That is a dead dog.那是一条死狗。 dead的名词形式为death,动词形式为die， 其动词形式的现在分词形式为dying,过去式为 died，过去分词为died。 【一语巧记】She died of cancer. She has been dead for two years. I am very sad for her death. 【测一测】 Yang Jiang, a famous female writer, for about a month so far. A died B has been dead C has been died Grammar 考点1:have/has been 与 have/has gone 一:have/has been 与 have/has gone 的用法 (1)have(has) been to...表示某人去过某地,而且已从某地返回. 【重点】它讲的是过去的情况,强调去过或没去过,着重于到目前的一个结果。常与 ever,never,before,twice,three times等连用。 eg:I have never been to Sanya before. 我以前从未去过三亚。 Mr Zhang has been to America twice. 张先生去过美国两次。 (2)have(has)gone to...意思是“去了某地", [重点]表示现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那儿了,总之不在说话的现场,因此,它通常用于第三人称,不用于第一或第二人称。 eg:-Where is your brother? 你哥哥在哪儿? -He has gone to the library.他去图书馆了。 (3)have(has) been to...和 have(has) gone to...不能和一段时间连用。 但 have(has) been+副词时,可与一段时间连用;而have(has) gone+副词不能和一段时间连用。【易错点】遇到地点副词 here,there,home,abroad时,无须加 to. eg:She has been there for three days.她去那儿已三天了。 I have been here many times. 我来这儿好多次了. She isn't at home.She has gone abroad.她不在家。她出国了. (4)have(has)been +in/at some place 则表示某人留在某地。 也可和部分名词搭配表示“处在某状态中",并常和表示一段时间的时间状语搭配。 eg:He has been in Beijing for two years.他在北京已有两年了. I have been at the bus stop for half an hour.我在公共汽车站有半个小时了。 【测一测】 -Why are you worried? -I'm expecting a call from my daughter.She New York three days ago. A.has gone to B.has been to C.has been in D.went to -Jack,I haven't seen your uncle long time. -He Shanghai on business for two months. A.went to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has been to 考点2:since与for的用法 一【易错点】since 和for作介词用时,常和表示时间的名词搭配构成时间状语,带这种时间状语的句子谓语多用完成时态,表示某个动作发生在过去,并一直延续到现在,甚至还可能继续延续下去。 eg:I have taught here for twenty years. 我在这儿教了二十年了。 She has been here since last year. 她自从去年就在这儿。 【测一测】-How long have you lived in the new flat? - 2010 A.In B.After C.Since D.Before 二:since 还用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,一般用于现在完成时中。 其中 since 引导的从句为一般过去时,主句为现在完成时。 表示“自从这个动作开始以来,一直存在着某种状态”. eg:He has worked here since he moved to this city. 他自从搬到这个城市以来就在这儿工作. 三:since后接的是时间点,for后面接的是时间段;但都表示的是一段时间,用于现在完成时中;对它们提问都用how long;并且谓语动词应是延续性动词。若是非延续性动词,[难点]只能用否定式才可与since和for短语连用。 eg:I haven't seen you since last year. 自去年起我就没见过你。 (1)在英语中动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。延续性动词也可称持续性动词,表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有:live,learn,lie,do,drive,fly,keep,study,sleep,sit,stand,talk,teach,play,read,work,wait,write,walk等. 非延续性动词也被称作短暂性动词或瞬间动词,表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。常见的有:start,stop,begin,become,buy,borrow,finish,find,end,enter,come,close,go,leave,lend,lose,hear,happen,reach,arrive,open,join,die,see等. (2)延续性动词和非延续性动词都可用于完成时的句子中。 完成时的句子中若含有表示一段时间的状语,可以用非延续性动词的否定形式、延续性的动词或相当于延续性动词的动词短语作谓语。 eg:The match has begun.比赛开始了. The match has been on for a long time.比赛已开始很长时间了. 常见的非延续性动词要用这些延续性动词或短语代替才可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 eg:stop/finish/end-be over; borrow/lend-keep; fall ill-be ill; open-be open; close-be closed; catch a cold-have a cold; get to know-know; reach/arrive/get to/come/go-be in/at; start/begin-be on; join-be in/be a member of; fall asleep-be asleep; die-be dead; leave-be away 【测一测】He Luzhou for three months. A.has left B.has come to C.has gone to D.has been away from 随堂练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空(可用其相对的延续性动词) 1. Simon (go)to the library five minutes ago. 2.I (know)him since last year. 3.The old man has been (die)since three years ago. 4.Linda (borrow)these magazines for more than two weeks. 5.__ you (buy)the car since two months ago? 二、单项选择 6.-You have been in Xuzhou very long? -Yeah. my parents came here. A.For B.As C.When D.Since 7.-Is your father in now? -No,he to Fan Changjiang Memorial with his friends. A.has been B.has gone C.will go D.went 8.- have you stayed in this school? -For three years. A.How far B.How long C.How often D.How many 9.-Excuse me,is Mr Green in the office? -No.He Singapore for a meeting.He will be back in a few days. A.have gone to B.has gone to C.have been to D.has been to 10.My sister has learnt English . A.for twelve years ago, B.since she was four C.twelve years ago D.at the age of four 11.-Where is your father? -He Australia and he Sydney for two weeks. A.has been to;has been in B.has gone to;has been in C.has been in;has been to D.has gone to;has been to 12.When will Running Man begin tonight? It . for ten minutes. A. will begin B.has begun C.will be on D.has been on 13.-Mom,I want to watch The Legend of Miyue(芈月传)on Channel 8 tonight. -Oh,dear,it for a few minutes. Come on! A.has begun B.will begin C.has been on D.will be on 三、同义句转换 14.They got married more than 15 years ago. They for more than15 years. 15.Kitty left Beijing two days ago. Kitty from Beijing for two days. 16.My cousin bought a new bike last week. My cousin has a new bike last week. 17.My cousin came to Beijing a month ago. My cousin Beijing for a month. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 18.我离开上海已经10年了。 Ten years since I left Shanghai. 19.张华买iPhone 7已经有一年的时间了. Zhang Hua an iPhone 7 a year ago. 20.电影已经开始十分钟了。 The film for ten minutes. 21.父亲离乡多年,思念故友。 Father his hometown for many years and misses old friends. 22.我的父母已经结婚三十年了. My parents for 30 years. ,1.went 2.have known 3.dead 4.has kept 5.Have; had 二,6.D 点拨:考查连词的用法辨析。for因为,as由于,when当....时候,since自从 以来。根据句意:“-你来内江很久了?一一是的,自从我的父母来到这里(我就在了)。”可知选D。 7.B 点拨:本题用语境联想法。 由对话语境可知爸爸和朋友去范长江纪念碑了,即是还未回来,因此用 has gone to。 选B. 8.B 点拨:对一段时间提问用 how long。 9.B 点拨:本题用语境联想法。 have/hasgone(to) 意为“已去某地了”,强调人不在 说话的地方;have/has been (to)意为“已 去过某地”,强调人不在已去过的地方。据答句中“He will be back in a few days."可知选B。 10.B 点拨:考查现在完成时的时间状语。由 has learnt 可知, 应用表示一段时间 的时间状语,A项表达错误;C、D两项用于一般过去时,故选B。 11.B 点拨:考查动词的时态。 have gone to“到某地去了”;have been in +地点“一直 在某地”。答语句意:他到澳大利亚去了,并且在悉尼呆了两周了。 12.D 点拨:本题用语法判定法。 句意:一一今晚《奔跑吧兄弟》何时放映?-一一它已经放映10分钟了。根据 for ten minutes 可知用现在完成时, 同 时也要用延续性动词 be on,故选 D。 13.C 点拨:本题用语法判定法解题。 考查时态辨析.“for a few minutes”常与现在完成时连用,而且动词必须是延续性动词。A、C都是现在完成时的结构,但A项中的动词 begun 是瞬间动词,不能与“for a few minutes”连用。 故选 C. 三,14.have been married 点拨:题中的“formore than 15 years”为现在完成时的标志性时间状语。 故题中的短暂性动词短语get married 要转换成相应的延续性动词短语 be married。 15.has been away 点拨:leave 为瞬间动词,如与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,可用 be away。 16. had;since 17.has been in 点拨:come为瞬间动词,如与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,可用be in。 四 18.has passed 19.has had; since 20.has been on 21.has been away from 22.have been married 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$