Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

句子成分、结构、类型 2021.9.3 Jasmine What is a sentence made up of? 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 补语 状语 2 谓语 V “做什么” 3 宾语O 动作行为的对象 主语 S “什么人”或“什么物” 1 表语P“是什么”或”怎么样” 4 5 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 6 状语A 修饰动词，形容词或副词 7 宾补C 用来补充说明宾语的情况 句子成份（Sentence Elements） 1. 主语：一般位于句首 I love you. Here comes a bus. 2. 谓语：有时态,语态 和人称的变化 Lily likes singing. 3. 宾语：谓语动词或介词之后 Don’t worry about me. 4. 表语：系动词或be动词后 The song sounds wonderful. 5. 定语：定语修饰名词或代词(即汉语里的“……的”) I have nothing important to say. 6. 状语：修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步 It rained heavily when I came back. 7. 补语：宾语补足语 He asked me to leave. I made him happy. 主语，谓语不能缺 句子成份（Sentence Elements） 1. 主语：一般位于句首 I love you. Here comes a bus. 2. 谓语：有时态,语态 和人称的变化 Lily likes singing. 3. 宾语：谓语动词或介词之后 Don’t worry about me. 4. 表语：系动词或be动词后 The song sounds wonderful. 5. 定语：定语修饰名词或代词(即汉语里的“……的”) I have nothing important to say. 6. 状语：修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步 It rained heavily when I came back. 7. 补语：宾语补足语 He asked me to leave. I made him happy. 主语，谓语不能缺 句子成份（Sentence Elements） 1. 主语：一般位于句首 I love you. Here comes a bus. 2. 谓语：有时态,语态 和人称的变化 Lily likes singing. 3. 宾语：谓语动词或介词之后 Don’t worry about me. 4. 表语：系动词或be动词后 The song sounds wonderful. 5. 定语：定语修饰名词或代词(即汉语里的“……的”) I have nothing important to say. 6. 状语：修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步 It rained heavily when I came back. 7. 补语：宾语补足语 He asked me to leave. I made him happy. 主语，谓语不能缺 句子成份（Sentence Elements） 1. 主语：一般位于句首 I love you. Here comes a bus. 2. 谓语：有时态,语态 和人称的变化 Lily likes singing. 3. 宾语：谓语动词或介词之后 Don’t worry about me. 4. 表语：系动词或be动词后 The song sounds wonderful. 5. 定语：定语修饰名词或代词(即汉语里的“……的”) I have nothing important to say. 6. 状语：修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步 It rained heavily when I came back. 7. 补语：宾语补足语 He asked me to leave. I made him happy. 主语，谓语不能缺 句子成份（Sentence Elements） 1. 主语：一般位于句首 I love you. Here comes a bus. 2. 谓语：有时态,语态 和人称的变化 Lily likes singing. 3. 宾语：谓语动词或介词之后 Don’t worry about me. 4. 表语：系动词或be动词后 The song sounds wonderful. 5. 定语：定语修饰名词或代词(即汉语里的“……的”) I have nothing important to say. 6. 状语：修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步 It rained heavily when I came back. 7. 补语：宾语补足语 He asked me to leave. I made him happy. 主语，谓语不能缺 句子成份（Sentence Elements） 1. 主语：一般位于句首 I love you. Here comes a bus. 2. 谓语：有时态,语态 和人称的变化 Lily likes singing. 3. 宾语：谓语动词或介词之后 Don’t worry about me. 4. 表语：系动词或be动词后 The song sounds wonderful. 5. 定语：定语修饰名词或代词(即汉语里的“……的”) I have nothing important to say. 6. 状语：修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步 It rained heavily when I came back. 7. 补语：宾语补足语 He asked me to leave. I made him happy. 主语，谓语不能缺 句子成份（Sentence Elements） 1. 主语：一般位于句首 I love you. Here comes a bus. 2. 谓语：有时态,语态 和人称的变化 Lily likes singing. 3. 宾语：谓语动词或介词之后 Don’t worry about me. 4. 表语：系动词或be动词后 The song sounds wonderful. 5. 定语：定语修饰名词或代词(即汉语里的“……的”) I have nothing important to say. 6. 状语：修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步 It rained heavily when I came back. 7. 补语：宾语补足语 He asked me to leave. I made him happy. 主语，谓语不能缺 I find my best friend singing in the next room. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 补 语 ↓ 状 语 句子的类型(Sentence Types) 1.简单句：只包含一个主谓(宾)结构 He learns English every day . 2.并列句：由并列连词and; but; so; or 等连接的两个或两个以上独立分句的句子 He worked hard, so he got scholarship at last. 3.复合句：含有从句的句子 He asked what I wanted. He lived in a village which is far form the city. 简单句的基本句型 主谓 (SV) 主谓宾 (SVO) 主系表 (SP) 主谓双宾 (S V IO DO) 5. 主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC) 6. 主谓状 (SVA) 7. 主谓宾状 (SVOA) He arrived. Everything changes . All of us laughed! 主语S 谓语V 主语 S 谓语V 主语S 谓语V 1、 主语+谓语（不及物动词） （S+Vi）（主＋谓） 2、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 (S+Vt+O) （主＋谓＋宾） They are reading books. I miss my grandma. 主语S 谓语V 宾语O 主语S 谓语V 宾语O 3、主语+连系动词+表语 (S+Ｐ)（主＋(系)表） He looks great. The teacehr was kind and friendly. 主语S (系动词) 表语P 主语S (系动词)表语P 常见的连系动词 be动词 He is a student/friendly. 2. 与感觉有关的动词： look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等 He looks tired. 3. 表示状态变化的动词： become(变成)，grow(逐渐变得；逐渐成为),turn(变成，成为),fall(变成),get(变得),go(变得)等 After hearing what he said, her face turned red. 4.表示持续的动词：keep(保持),remain(仍然是;保持不变),stay(保持). He always keeps silent at the meeting. 连系动词要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。 4、主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) （主＋谓＋间宾(人)＋直宾(物) ） John bought Alice a car. He told us a funny story. 主语S 谓语V 间接宾语IO 直接宾语DO 主语S 谓语V 间接宾语IO 直接宾语DO 但若要先说出直接宾语（物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如 He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+C) （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） I asked Mary to help me. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 主语S 谓语V 宾语O 宾补C 主语S 谓语V 宾语O 宾补C 6、主语+谓语+状语 (S+V+A) （主＋谓＋状） He runs every morning. Alice should study hard. He talked too much. 主语S 谓语V 状语 A 主语S 谓语V 状语A 主语S 谓语V 状语A 7、主语+谓语+宾语+状语 (S+V+O+A) （主＋谓＋宾+状） I bought a book yesterday. She likes dancing very much. I had my first maths class at senior high school. 主语S 谓语V 宾语O 状语A 主语S 谓语V 宾语V 状语A 主语S 谓语V 宾语O 状语A “某地存在有...” 用There be 结构。 它是倒装结构，因为主语位于 be后。 “某人有...” 用“ sb have/has”结构。 试比较: There is a boy there. (那儿有一个男孩) 前一个there无实际意思, 后一个there为副词 “在那里”。 8、There be… The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. We must act. The maths homework looks easy. The teacher found the classroom empty. Exercise: Read the sentences and analyse the structure. S V A S V S P S V O C 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. Exercise: Read the sentences and analyse the structure. S V IO DO S V O There be… S V O A Thank you $$