非谓语--动词不定式 课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

非谓语-动词不定式 基础版 Review 什么是非谓语？非谓语有哪几种？ 定义 动词不定式，为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称作不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。没有人称和数的变化由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。 不定式通常表示未指定的、未完成的或未来的动作。 不定式的用法有以下几种： 1. 作主语：To study abroad is his dream. 2. 作宾语：He wants to visit the Great Wall. 3. 作表语：The goal is to finish the project on time. 4. 作定语：I have a lot of homework to do. 5. 作宾语补足语：She asked him to close the window. 6. 作状语：To improve his skills, he practices every day. 7.不定式可以带宾语构成不定式短语，如：to see the movie, to read the book。 1 做主语. A is XXX. 谓语用第三人称单数形式. To see is to believe.  1)为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，用it作形式主语，放在句首。 To talk with him is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to talk with him. (2)带有逻辑主语的不定式 It is+ adj.+ for sb.（描述事物的特征）+ to do … It's important for you to remember this. It is+ adj.+ of sb.（表达人所具有的特征或品质）+ to do … It's very kind of you to help me. Task：1. ___________________（看他的脸） is horrible. = It is horrible_____________________. 2. _______________________ is a great pity .( 听到他的故事） It is a great pity __________________. To see his face to see his face To hear his story to hear his story 2 做表语. XXX be B. 放在连系动词be后面（am,is,are） 规律：不定式在系动词后作表语，往往说明主语的具体内容，且含将来意义。      His wish is to become a scientist．  The important things is to save lives. Translate: Even though it means dying, I still want to love. 3．作宾语 不定式作宾语，一般具有三种可能的结构： 结构一：动词+to do不定式可以直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语，这时句子有以下两个特点： 第一，句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，即两个动作都是由全句主语发出的。 第二，这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度，不定式的动词则说明行为。 I hope to see you again. 2.This company refused to cooperate with us. 结构二.动词+疑问词+to do在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what，who，which）或连接副词（how，when，where）及连词whether后面接一个带to的不定式，我们可以将这种结构看成是连接词引导的宾语从句的简略形式。事实上，这些连词都是由相应的疑问词转化而来的，其中whether对应一般疑问句。 eg： 1.I wonder who to invite(=who I should invite) 2.I don't know whether to answer his letter. 结构三:动词+it+宾语补足语+to do 在“谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这样的结构中，如果宾语由一个不定式充当，此时的不定式不能直接放在谓语动词后面，而需要变成这样的结构：“动词+it+宾语补足语+to do”，也就是说此时作宾语的不定式被后置，放在了宾语补足语的后面，而用it作形式宾语放在谓语后面作宾语。常见句式：think/believe/consider/find/feel＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式。 eg：I think it hard to answer the question in one go. I think it necessary to study English. I think it a pity to lose the game. （1）常跟不定式作宾语的动词有： 决心学会想希望：decide/determine/ learn/want/hope/wish/expect 设法假装在拒绝：manage, pretend, refuse 主动答应选计划：offer, promise, choose, plan 同意请求帮一帮：agree, ask/beg, help notes （2）在某些使役动词和感官动词后，跟省略to的不定式作宾补。但如果这些动词用于被动结构，其后的to就必须补上。 这类词可以用以下口诀助记： 一感：feel　 二听：listen to，hear　 三让：make，have，let 五看：see，watch，observe，look at，notice I saw him enter the room. = He was seen to enter the room. 4.做定语 放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。          I have a lot of work to do． The doctor said he could do nothing  to help the boy．        如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。 ( ) ( ) eg：I have a small bedroom to live in．          Have you got some pens to write with？ 5.做状语 修饰动词或形容词 1.目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。 eg：I come to see you．     2.原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。             eg：I am sorry to trouble you． 3.作结果状语。 eg;The room is large enough to hold 1000 people． 4.特殊句式 too……to eg：you are never too old to learn.   6.特殊疑问词+动词不定式. 与what，who，whose，when，where， how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。 I don't know what to do next．（宾语） He taught us how to use the computer．（宾语补足语） It's still a question how to get there．（主语） I am thinking about what to say. （宾语） Grammar: to-infinitive Read and underline the infinitive. Discuss its function. 1. My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. 2. It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. 3. When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it. 4. My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. 5. Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class. 宾语 主语 状语 表语 定语 不定式的作用 单句语法填空 1. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ________ (speak) to the new students. 2. They were made (work) at the weekend. 3. He didn’t know when (start)． 4. Someone should tell her what (do) next. 5. (master) a language you must work hard at it. to speak to work to start to do To master 6. Is it necessary _________ (tell) her everything? 7. It is rude _________ (stare) at others. 8. We were asked __________ (work) in the countryside. 9. This machine is very easy __________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 10. She was the first woman ___________ (take) part in the Olympic Games. to tell to stare to work to operate to take Homework Finish exercise book P15 Thank You $$