精品解析：2024年山东省潍坊市潍城区中考英语二模试卷

2024年山东省潍坊市潍城区中考英语二模试卷 一、阅读理解 阅读下列语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Luna: I have a problem with my best friend,she is called July. Sita: What happened, Luna? Luna: Well, I spilled (溅出) some water on July’s book accidentally several days ago. She yelled at me. I said I would never talk to her. The words burst from me in an angry rush. Then she refused to talk with me. Sita: What a pity! Do you know why she treated you like that? Luna: Maybe the book was very important to her. It was a reward for a reading competition last year. Cloe: I’m sure she regretted hurting you. So you can explain to her that she is still your best friend. (Two weeks later.) Luna: July and I made up! Cloe: That’s wonderful! Luna: I wrote to her and explained how sorry I was and how much our friendship meant to me. She was really understanding. Cloe: You mean she has forgiven you. Luna: She felt sad for yelling at me too. Anyway, it is necessary to communicate with each other when we have problems. 1. What happened to Luna? A. She was sick. B. She failed the exam. C. She had a fight with her family. D. She had a fight with her friend. 2. The underlined words “burst from me” mean Luna ________. A. shouted angrily B. cried sadly C. spoke quietly D. laughed happily 3. How did Luna make up with July? A She avoided talking to July. B. She asked Sita to talk to July. C. She wrote a letter expressing her feelings. D. She waited for July to cool off and then talked to her. When Jason’s parents saw him for the first time, they were shocked. This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled. But soon the young couple accepted this fact. Jason’s arms were just half without hands and his legs weren’t fully grown either. They even forgot to think of him as disabled. At the age of six, he told his mother he wanted to get down from the prosthetics (假肢) and play with other kids. This was the last time Jason had worn them. He now has an electric wheelchair, but he never uses it at home or when it is easy for him to move using only his body. Jason learned handwriting and coloring at school, holding the pen between the ends of his arms. He also learned to eat with forks at home. When he was ten, he fell in love with football. He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up. His strong arms and body, as well as some fantastic ways made him a respected player on the school team. He went to a famous university after high school. Now Jason still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done. “Never be afraid of any difficulty”, Jason often encourages others in his speeches. 4. Why were Jason’s parents shocked when they saw him for the first time? A. Because he didn’t have arms. B. Because he was born disabled. C. Because he was such a lovely baby. D. Because he was born with blue eyes and curly hair. 5. From the text, we know that ________. A. Jason stopped using his prosthetics when he was ten. B. Jason uses an electric wheelchair at home because it is difficult to move. C. Jason only wore socks on the football field because of the shape of his feet. D. Jason is a respected player on his school team because he won many matches. 6. What does the underlined word “hardships” mean in Paragraph 4? A. pressures B. decisions C. difficulties D. achievements 7. What does the story mainly tell us? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Never give up or give in. C. It’s never too late to learn. D. Actions speak louder than words. According to a recent study, the Middle East is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of the world. Without a doubt, high temperatures will have deep influences on the development of the area. That shows the growing risk to humans caused by extreme (极端) weather. With more and more extreme weather events, we must find better techniques to make predictions (预测) about them. AI is a powerful tool. It can deal with information and provide advice to help us better understand and make predictions about the weather. Traditional weather models use information from satellites (卫星). But these models have their disadvantages: they are not very exact. They also fail to discover complex conditions of the air around the earth. AI can overcome (克服) these disadvantages by using the technology of deep learning. It can learn from historical and real-time information and produce trustworthy predictions. AI can also deal with information from different places, such as satellite photos or online posts, to provide clearer pictures of the weather situation. A paper on the Pangu-Weather AI model has drawn a lot of attention. Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods. This model can increase the prediction speed by 10,000 times, making global weather prediction time drop to seconds. In May 2023, Typhoon Mawar appeared in the Pacific Ocean. According to the China Meteorological Administration, Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way in the eastern waters of the islands of Taiwan. 8. Which of the following is TRUE? A. High temperatures will have few influences on the area. B. The Middle East is warming faster than the rest of the world. C Traditional weather models use information from satellites and are very exact. D Traditional weather models can discover complex conditions of the air around the earth. 9. How can AI overcome the disadvantages of traditional weather models? A. By using information from satellites. B. By using the technology of deep learning. C. By only learning from real-time information. D. By dealing with information from the same places. 10. Why is Typhoon Mawar mentioned? A. To tell us about the risks of extreme weather. B. To show how exact Pangu-Weather’s predictions are. C. To talk about how useless traditional weather models are. D. To express that the problems of extreme weather have been solved completely. 11. What might be the best title of the text? A. The Risks of Extreme Weather B. The Pangu-Weather AI Model C. The Climate Change in the Middle East D. AI—The Powerful Tool of Weather Prediction As spring breathes warmth into the air, the 41st Weifang International Kite Festival opened on April 20 in World Kite Park, Anqiu Qilu Distillery, attracting thousands of kite lovers and tourists. The skies over Weifang were filled with kites of all shapes and creative designs. ____12____ It’s also a method of cultural protection. Kites, invented by the ancient Chinese during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC-476 BC) over 2,000 years ago, have a rich heritage (传统) . The philosopher Mozi made the first wooden kite. ____13____ During the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), Cai Lun’s improvements to paper making technology, led to the widespread use of paper in kites. ____14____ It serves for both economic and cultural exchanges and exhibitions of rich traditional culture. The championship started on April 20th, it featured 137 teams from 46 different countries and regions and involved 465 participants (参赛者) who brought a total of 509 kites. Khalil Hashmi, Ambassador of Pakistan to China,gave a speech at the opening ceremony (开幕式) held on April 19 in which he called the Weifang International Kite Festival a global event celebrating friendship, innovation (创新) , and the joy of flying kites. This year, kites shaped like trains, rockets, and even the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge took to the skies, with a giant cockroach (蟑螂) kite becoming one of the most eye-catching ones. One visitor said, “____15____” 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. Flying kites is more than just an outdoor sport. B. These festivals bring together top kite fliers from various nations. C. The inventor Lu Ban later improved on Mozi’s designs using bamboo. D. Now I understand the saying in Weifang: anything can reach the skies. E. This year’s Kite Festival included the 20th World Kite Championship (锦标赛) . 二、语言知识运用 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Have you ever wondered why thinking too much makes you tired? A new study has found out some ____16____ to this question. Researchers from the Paris Brain Institute studied why too much mental effort makes us ____17____. They found that when people think a lot, the brain gives off a chemical called glutamate (谷氨酸). Too much glutamate disturbs (扰乱) the brain’s functions (功能). It ____18____ the brain tells the body it is tired and that it must rest. People who spend more than six hours working on a task that ____19____ a lot of thoughts are more likely to feel tired. A period of rest allows the brain to return to normal. This explains why a nap (小睡) is ____20____ for us. A nap can be as short as 20 minutes, ____21____ it can make us feel completely refreshed. The research team looked at the behavior of 40 participants in their research. Twenty-four of these had to perform challenging tasks. These ____22____ looking at a computer screen and matching different letters that appeared. The other 16 participants did a similar, but ____23____task. Both groups worked for six hours, and had two ten-minute ____24____. The researchers scanned (扫描) the brains of the participants. They found that the group who had the more difficult task had higher levels of glutamate in their brain. Study author Antonius Wiehler said, “It would be great to ____25____ more about how glutamate levels are restored (恢复).” He asked, “Is sleep helpful? How long do breaks need to be to have a positive effect?” 16. A. answers B. ways C. courses D. results 17. A. happy B. excited C. tired D. relaxed 18. A. tells B. means C. asks D. says 19. A. requires B. reduces C. refuses D. records 20. A. famous B. late C. ready D. good 21. A. or B. but C. though D. so 22. A. included B. caused C. formed D. allowed 23. A. easier B. busier C. bigger D. heavier 24. A. jobs B. breaks C. classes D. lessons 25. A. give out B. put out C. find out D. point out 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 One summer night more than 1,500 years ago, a Chinese boy was sitting in a courtyard and ____26____ (watch) the full bright moon. He asked his grandpa why the moon sometimes was full and not at some other times. The grandfather explained that the movement of the moon had ____27____ (it) own rules, so it became full at a certain time every month. Then he asked the boy, “Are you ____28____ (interest) in the moon and stars?” The boy answered ,“Yes, very much.” The old man immediately went into the house. A few moments later, he ____29____ (return) with several books. The boy spent much time ____30____ (read) the books in the following months. He then decided ____31____ (take) astronomy (天文学) as his career. At last he became one of the ____32____ (excellent) mathematicians and astronomers in the world. His name was Zu Chongzhi. The Zu family moved from the north to today’s Nanjing to escape wars and political turmoil (混乱). Under the emperor’s support, the young Zu ____33____ (send) to study at the Imperial Institute. During his study, Zu was able to work out the numerical value of pi to be between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. In 465 AD, Zu created a new calendar ____34____ (call) Daming Calendar. The new calendar was a great improvement over previous ones and contained many ____35____ (discovery) in astronomy. 三、翻译句子 36. 在政府的帮助下，自然公园即将建成。(with) ____________________________________________ 37. 如果你更努力，你就会有机会实现你的梦想。(if) ____________________________________________ 38. 到目前为止，中国已经派出很多宇航员去太空做科学实验。(so far) ____________________________________________ 四、阅读表达 Do you often put down your phones and pads and pick up spatulas (锅铲) and brooms (扫帚)? Labor education will become an important part of schooling. According to the new curriculum (课程) standard, primary and middle school students in China will find a new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class every week. The new course has three types of tasks: everyday chores (家务活), including cleaning, organizing, and cooking; productive labor, including traditional handicrafts (手工艺品) and experience of new technologies, such as 3D printing; and volunteer work. Take cooking as an example. The first and second graders will be encouraged to take on basic tasks such as washing vegetables. The third and fourth graders will be taught to make some cold dishes and boil eggs. Students in the fifth grade will learn to cook two to three quick and easy dishes. Middle school students will be required to learn to cook three to four main dishes independently for lunch or dinner. There are many benefits (益处) of learning cooking as a skill. As you learn to cook, you are getting a powerful tool to take control of your own health. You can also create lots of great memories in the kitchen, and feel a sense of achievement. More importantly, learning to cook prepares you for the future. If you can cook, you are able to live a healthier and more independent life. Parents welcome the cooking courses with open arms. They believe that the courses will provide their children with a chance to experience life and develop necessary skills. When cooking is about to become a compulsory (必修的) course, the kitchen safety is more important than labor skills. 根据短文内容回答下列问题。 39. What are the three kinds of tasks in the new course? ________________________________________________________________ 40. What is the third paragraph mainly about? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does learning to cook prepare you for the future? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. ________________________________________________________________ 43. Do you like the “practical activities” course? Why or Why not? (Please give two reasons.) ________________________________________________________________ 五、写作 44. Teens Around the World是一个国际青少年交流网站，近日有人发了一个关于My First Try的帖子。假设你是李华，请阅读原帖后，结合自己的经历，用英语跟帖。 注意: 1. 禁止抄袭本试卷中所有语篇内容; 2. 不要出现考生本人信息; 3. 80 词左右 Teens Around the World Subject: My First Try Hey, guys! Everyone has experienced many attempts (尝试) during the growth. What unforgettable experience did you try for the first time? What happened at that time? What was your feeling or what did you learn from it? Looking forward to your replies. Eric, Canada I will never forget my first time to ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua, China 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年山东省潍坊市潍城区中考英语二模试卷 一、阅读理解 阅读下列语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Luna: I have a problem with my best friend,she is called July. Sita: What happened, Luna? Luna: Well, I spilled (溅出) some water on July’s book accidentally several days ago. She yelled at me. I said I would never talk to her. The words burst from me in an angry rush. Then she refused to talk with me. Sita: What a pity! Do you know why she treated you like that? Luna: Maybe the book was very important to her. It was a reward for a reading competition last year. Cloe: I’m sure she regretted hurting you. So you can explain to her that she is still your best friend. (Two weeks later.) Luna: July and I made up! Cloe: That’s wonderful! Luna: I wrote to her and explained how sorry I was and how much our friendship meant to me. She was really understanding. Cloe: You mean she has forgiven you. Luna: She felt sad for yelling at me too. Anyway, it is necessary to communicate with each other when we have problems. 1. What happened to Luna? A. She was sick. B. She failed the exam. C. She had a fight with her family. D. She had a fight with her friend. 2. The underlined words “burst from me” mean Luna ________. A. shouted angrily B. cried sadly C. spoke quietly D. laughed happily 3. How did Luna make up with July? A. She avoided talking to July. B. She asked Sita to talk to July. C. She wrote a letter expressing her feelings. D. She waited for July to cool off and then talked to her. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了Luna和她好朋友July吵架，经过沟通，两人和好如初的故事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Well, I spilled (溅出) some water on July’s book accidentally several days ago. She yelled at me. I said I would never talk to her. The words burst from me in an angry rush.”可知，她和她的朋友吵了一架。故选D。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“She yelled at me. I said I would never talk to her.”可知，她的朋友对她大喊大叫，所以她当时很生气，并告诉朋友不在与其说话，所以划线部分“burst from me”与“shouted angrily（愤怒地喊道）”意思相近。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“I wrote to her and explained how sorry I was and how much our friendship meant to me. She was really understanding.”可知，她给朋友写了一封信表达了她的感受，朋友对此表示理解。故选C。 When Jason’s parents saw him for the first time, they were shocked. This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled. But soon the young couple accepted this fact. Jason’s arms were just half without hands and his legs weren’t fully grown either. They even forgot to think of him as disabled. At the age of six, he told his mother he wanted to get down from the prosthetics (假肢) and play with other kids. This was the last time Jason had worn them. He now has an electric wheelchair, but he never uses it at home or when it is easy for him to move using only his body. Jason learned handwriting and coloring at school, holding the pen between the ends of his arms. He also learned to eat with forks at home. When he was ten, he fell in love with football. He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up. His strong arms and body, as well as some fantastic ways made him a respected player on the school team. He went to a famous university after high school. Now Jason still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done. “Never be afraid of any difficulty”, Jason often encourages others in his speeches. 4. Why were Jason’s parents shocked when they saw him for the first time? A. Because he didn’t have arms. B. Because he was born disabled. C. Because he was such a lovely baby. D. Because he was born with blue eyes and curly hair. 5. From the text, we know that ________. A. Jason stopped using his prosthetics when he was ten. B. Jason uses an electric wheelchair at home because it is difficult to move. C. Jason only wore socks on the football field because of the shape of his feet. D. Jason is a respected player on his school team because he won many matches. 6. What does the underlined word “hardships” mean in Paragraph 4? A. pressures B. decisions C. difficulties D. achievements 7. What does the story mainly tell us? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Never give up or give in. C. It’s never too late to learn. D. Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了天生残疾的杰森如何顽强地克服一个个困难成为受人尊敬的球员，并最终考上大学的故事，告诉我们永远不要放弃或屈服。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据“When Jason’s parents saw him for the first time, they were shocked. This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled”可知，因为他生来就有残疾，所以他们很震惊，故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据“He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up.”可知，因为脚的形状，杰森在足球场上只穿袜子。故选C。 【6题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Never be afraid of any difficulty”可知，杰森在生活中仍然面临许多困难，hardships和difficulties同义，故选C。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。文章介绍了天生残疾的杰森如何顽强地克服一个个困难成为受人尊敬的球员，并最终考上大学的故事，告诉我们永远不要放弃或屈服。故选B。 According to a recent study, the Middle East is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of the world. Without a doubt, high temperatures will have deep influences on the development of the area. That shows the growing risk to humans caused by extreme (极端的) weather. With more and more extreme weather events, we must find better techniques to make predictions (预测) about them. AI is a powerful tool. It can deal with information and provide advice to help us better understand and make predictions about the weather. Traditional weather models use information from satellites (卫星). But these models have their disadvantages: they are not very exact. They also fail to discover complex conditions of the air around the earth. AI can overcome (克服) these disadvantages by using the technology of deep learning. It can learn from historical and real-time information and produce trustworthy predictions. AI can also deal with information from different places, such as satellite photos or online posts, to provide clearer pictures of the weather situation. A paper on the Pangu-Weather AI model has drawn a lot of attention. Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods. This model can increase the prediction speed by 10,000 times, making global weather prediction time drop to seconds. In May 2023, Typhoon Mawar appeared in the Pacific Ocean. According to the China Meteorological Administration, Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way in the eastern waters of the islands of Taiwan. 8. Which of the following is TRUE? A. High temperatures will have few influences on the area. B. The Middle East is warming faster than the rest of the world. C. Traditional weather models use information from satellites and are very exact. D. Traditional weather models can discover complex conditions of the air around the earth. 9. How can AI overcome the disadvantages of traditional weather models? A. By using information from satellites. B. By using the technology of deep learning. C. By only learning from real-time information. D. By dealing with information from the same places. 10. Why is Typhoon Mawar mentioned? A. To tell us about the risks of extreme weather. B. To show how exact Pangu-Weather’s predictions are. C. To talk about how useless traditional weather models are. D. To express that the problems of extreme weather have been solved completely. 11. What might be the best title of the text? A The Risks of Extreme Weather B. The Pangu-Weather AI Model C. The Climate Change in the Middle East D. AI—The Powerful Tool of Weather Prediction 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了AI在天气预测方面的应用，以及其相较于传统天气预测模型的优势。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据“the Middle East is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of the world.”可知中东地区的升温速度比世界其他地区快，故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据“AI can overcome (克服) these disadvantages by using the technology of deep learning.”可知，AI通过深度学习技术来克服传统天气预测模型的缺点，故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据“According to the China Meteorological Administration, Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way in the eastern waters of the islands of Taiwan.”可以得知台风Mawar的提及是为了展示Pangu-Weather的预测准确性，故选B。 【11题详解】 最佳标题题。根据全文内容，文章主要讲述了AI在天气预测方面的应用，以及其相较于传统天气预测模型的优势，因此D选项“AI—The Powerful Tool of Weather Prediction”最能概括全文主题，故选D。 As spring breathes warmth into the air, the 41st Weifang International Kite Festival opened on April 20 in World Kite Park, Anqiu Qilu Distillery, attracting thousands of kite lovers and tourists. The skies over Weifang were filled with kites of all shapes and creative designs. ____12____ It’s also a method of cultural protection. Kites, invented by the ancient Chinese during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC-476 BC) over 2,000 years ago, have a rich heritage (传统) . The philosopher Mozi made the first wooden kite. ____13____ During the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), Cai Lun’s improvements to paper making technology, led to the widespread use of paper in kites. ____14____ It serves for both economic and cultural exchanges and exhibitions of rich traditional culture. The championship started on April 20th, it featured 137 teams from 46 different countries and regions and involved 465 participants (参赛者) who brought a total of 509 kites. Khalil Hashmi, Ambassador of Pakistan to China,gave a speech at the opening ceremony (开幕式) held on April 19 in which he called the Weifang International Kite Festival a global event celebrating friendship, innovation (创新) , and the joy of flying kites. This year, kites shaped like trains, rockets, and even the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge took to the skies, with a giant cockroach (蟑螂) kite becoming one of the most eye-catching ones. One visitor said, “____15____” 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. Flying kites is more than just an outdoor sport. B. These festivals bring together top kite fliers from various nations. C. The inventor Lu Ban later improved on Mozi’s designs using bamboo. D. Now I understand the saying in Weifang: anything can reach the skies. E. This year’s Kite Festival included the 20th World Kite Championship (锦标赛) . 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. E 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了潍坊国际风筝节及风筝的历史。 【12题详解】 根据后文“It’s also a method of cultural protection. ”可知此处介绍放风筝的意义，所以A项“放风筝不仅仅是一项户外运动”，符合语境，故选A。 【13题详解】 根据前文“The philosopher Mozi made the first wooden kite”可知，此处介绍风筝的历史，所以C项“发明家鲁班后来用竹子改进了墨子的设计”，符合语境，故选C。 【14题详解】 根据后文“The championship started on April 20th, it featured 137 teams from 46 different countries and regions and involved 465 participants who brought a total of 509 kites”可知，此处介绍锦标赛的相关信息，所以E项“今年的风筝节包括第20届世界风筝锦标赛”，符合语境，故选E。 【15题详解】 根据前文“This year, kites shaped like trains, rockets, and even the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge took to the skies, with a giant cockroach kite becoming one of the most eye-catching ones.” 可知此处介绍有各种各样的风筝，所以D项“现在我明白了潍坊的一句谚语：什么样的风筝都可以飞上天空”，符合语境，故选D。 二、语言知识运用 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Have you ever wondered why thinking too much makes you tired? A new study has found out some ____16____ to this question. Researchers from the Paris Brain Institute studied why too much mental effort makes us ____17____. They found that when people think a lot, the brain gives off a chemical called glutamate (谷氨酸). Too much glutamate disturbs (扰乱) the brain’s functions (功能). It ____18____ the brain tells the body it is tired and that it must rest. People who spend more than six hours working on a task that ____19____ a lot of thoughts are more likely to feel tired. A period of rest allows the brain to return to normal. This explains why a nap (小睡) is ____20____ for us. A nap can be as short as 20 minutes, ____21____ it can make us feel completely refreshed. The research team looked at the behavior of 40 participants in their research. Twenty-four of these had to perform challenging tasks. These ____22____ looking at a computer screen and matching different letters that appeared. The other 16 participants did a similar, but ____23____task. Both groups worked for six hours, and had two ten-minute ____24____. The researchers scanned (扫描) the brains of the participants. They found that the group who had the more difficult task had higher levels of glutamate in their brain. Study author Antonius Wiehler said, “It would be great to ____25____ more about how glutamate levels are restored (恢复).” He asked, “Is sleep helpful? How long do breaks need to be to have a positive effect?” 16. A. answers B. ways C. courses D. results 17. A. happy B. excited C. tired D. relaxed 18. A. tells B. means C. asks D. says 19. A. requires B. reduces C. refuses D. records 20. A. famous B. late C. ready D. good 21. A. or B. but C. though D. so 22. A. included B. caused C. formed D. allowed 23. A. easier B. busier C. bigger D. heavier 24. A. jobs B. breaks C. classes D. lessons 25. A. give out B. put out C. find out D. point out 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了为什么过度思考会让人感到疲劳的研究。 【16题详解】 句意：一项新的研究为这一问题找到了一些答案。 answers答案；ways方法；courses课程；results结果。根据“to this question”可知，此处指问题的答案。故选A。 【17题详解】 句意：巴黎脑研究所的研究人员研究了为什么过多的脑力劳动会让我们感到疲劳。 happy高兴的；excited兴奋的；tired疲劳的；relaxed放松的。根据下文“the brain tells the body it is tired and that it must rest”可知，此处指疲劳的。故选C。 【18题详解】 句意：它意味着大脑会告诉身体它累了，必须休息。 tells告诉；means意味着；asks问；says说。根据“It...the brain tells the body it is tired and that it must rest.”可知，此处指“意味着”，其他选项不符合句意。故选B。 【19题详解】 句意：花六个小时以上的时间完成一项需要大量思考的任务的人更容易感到疲劳。 requires需要；reduces减少；refuses拒绝；records记录。根据“a lot of thoughts ”可知，此处指需要大量的思考，其他选项不符合句意。故选A。 【20题详解】 句意：这就解释了为什么小睡对我们有益。 famous著名的；late晚的；ready准备好的；good好的。根据下文“it can make us feel completely refreshed”可知，此处指对我们有益，be good for“对……有好处”。故选D。 【21题详解】 句意：午睡时间可以短至 20 分钟，但却能让我们感觉神清气爽。 or或者；but但；though尽管；so所以。根据两句的逻辑关系，可知此此处表示转折。故选B。 【22题详解】 句意：其中包括观看电脑屏幕并对出现的不同字母进行配对。 included包括；caused引起；formed形成；allowed允许。根据“Twenty-four of these had to perform challenging tasks. These”可知，此处介绍研究内容，表示“包括”。故选A。 【23题详解】 句意：其他16名参与者完成了类似但更简单的任务。 easier更容易的；busier更忙碌的；bigger更大的；heavier更重的。根据上文“Twenty-four of these had to perform challenging tasks.”及“The other 16 participants did a similar, but”可知，此处转折，所以完成更容易的任务。故选A。 【24题详解】 句意：两个小组都工作了六个小时，并有两次十分钟的休息时间。 jobs工作；breaks休息；classes班级；lessons课程。根据“Both groups worked for six hours, and had two ten-minute”可知，此处指休息，其他选项不符合句意。故选B。 【25题详解】 句意：如果能进一步了解谷氨酸水平是如何恢复的，那就太好了。give out散发；put out灭火；find out发现；point out指出。根据“It would be great to...more about how glutamate levels are restored”可知，此处指发现，其他选项不符合句意。故选C。 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 One summer night more than 1500 years ago, a Chinese boy was sitting in a courtyard and ____26____ (watch) the full bright moon. He asked his grandpa why the moon sometimes was full and not at some other times. The grandfather explained that the movement of the moon had ____27____ (it) own rules, so it became full at a certain time every month. Then he asked the boy, “Are you ____28____ (interest) in the moon and stars?” The boy answered ,“Yes, very much.” The old man immediately went into the house. A few moments later, he ____29____ (return) with several books. The boy spent much time ____30____ (read) the books in the following months. He then decided ____31____ (take) astronomy (天文学) as his career. At last he became one of the ____32____ (excellent) mathematicians and astronomers in the world. His name was Zu Chongzhi. The Zu family moved from the north to today’s Nanjing to escape wars and political turmoil (混乱). Under the emperor’s support, the young Zu ____33____ (send) to study at the Imperial Institute. During his study, Zu was able to work out the numerical value of pi to be between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. In 465 AD, Zu created a new calendar ____34____ (call) Daming Calendar. The new calendar was a great improvement over previous ones and contained many ____35____ (discovery) in astronomy. 【答案】26. watching 27. its 28. interested 29. returned 30. reading 31. to take 32. most excellent 33. was sent 34. called 35. discoveries 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了祖冲之如何成为优秀的数学家和天文学家。 【26题详解】 句意：1500多年前的一个夏夜，一个中国男孩坐在院子里看着一轮满月。was sitting表明本句使用过去进行时，and表明前后为并列关系，即sit和watch是并列的动作，所以watch也用现在分词。故填watching。 【27题详解】 句意：爷爷解释说，月亮的运行有它自己的规律，所以它在每个月的特定时间变圆。rules为名词，空格处应填形容词性物主代词，its“它的”符合题意。故填its。 【28题详解】 句意：然后他问男孩：“你对月亮和星星感兴趣吗？”根据Are ... in和提示词可知，此处用固定短语be interested in，表示“对……感兴趣”，interested“感兴趣的”，是形容词，符合题意。故填interested。 【29题详解】 句意：过了一会儿，他拿着几本书回来了。根据全文时态，结合前一句went和本句的“A few moments later”可知，本句应使用一般过去时，return“返回”是动词，作谓语，在这里应使用过去式。故填returned。 【30题详解】 句意：在接下来的几个月里，这个男孩花了很多时间读书。spend ... (time) doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“花……（时间）做某事”，read“阅读”为动词，在这里应使用动名词。故填reading。 【31题详解】 句意：然后他决定把天文学作为他的事业。decide to do sth.为固定短语，表示“决定做某事”，take为动词，在这里应使用动词不定式。故填to take。 【32题详解】 句意：最后，他成了世界上最杰出的数学家和天文学家之一。根据“one of the ...”可知，本句采用了固定搭配“one of the＋形容词最高级”表示“最……之一”，excellent“出色的”为形容词，在这里应使用形容词最高级，因excellent为多音节词，其最高级形式是在单词前加most。故填most excellent。 【33题详解】 句意：在皇帝的支持下，年轻的祖被送到国子监学习。send“送”，是动词，本句主语Zu与send之间为动宾关系，指祖冲之被送去读书，应用被动语态，结合全文时态可知，应使用一般过去时，主语Zu为第三人称单数，因此be动词应用was。故填was sent。 34题详解】 句意：公元465年，祖制定了新的历法《大明历》。根据“Zu created a new calendar”可知，祖冲之制定了新的历法，被命名为Daming Calendar“《大明历》”，call“命名”为动词，这里应用过去分词表示“被叫做，被命名为”。故填called。 【35题详解】 句意：新的历法相比以前的历法有了很大的改进，包含了天文学上的许多发现。many“许多”后面应接复数名词，discovery“发现”为可数名词，这里应使用复数形式。故填discoveries。 三、翻译句子 36. 在政府的帮助下，自然公园即将建成。(with) ____________________________________________ 【答案】With the help of the government, the natural park is about to be built. 【解析】 【详解】With the help of the government“在政府的帮助下”；be about to do sth.“即将做某事”；主语the natural park“自然公园”为单数，所以be动词用is；build和park之间是被动关系，所以用be built表示“被建成”。故填With the help of the government, the natural park is about to be built. 37. 如果你更努力，你就会有机会实现你的梦想。(if) ____________________________________________ 【答案】If you work harder, you will have a chance to realize your dream. 【解析】 【详解】if：如果；you：你；work harder：更努力；have a chance to realize your dream：有机会实现你的梦想；句子是if引导的条件状语从句，应遵循“主将从现”的原则，故从句应用一般现在时，主语应用一般将来时，构成形式为：will do。故填If you work harder, you will have a chance to realize your dream. 38. 到目前为止，中国已经派出很多宇航员去太空做科学实验。(so far) ____________________________________________ 【答案】So far, China has sent many astronauts to space for scientific experiments. 【解析】 【详解】到目前为止：so far；中国：China，作主语；已经派出：have sent，作谓语,主语为第三人称单数，用has；很多宇航员：many astronauts；去短语send sb. to sp. “派某人去某地”； 太空做科学实验：to space for scientific experiments。故填So far, China has sent many astronauts to space for scientific experiments. 四、阅读表达 Do you often put down your phones and pads and pick up spatulas (锅铲) and brooms (扫帚)? Labor education will become an important part of schooling. According to the new curriculum (课程) standard, primary and middle school students in China will find a new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class every week. The new course has three types of tasks: everyday chores (家务活), including cleaning, organizing, and cooking; productive labor, including traditional handicrafts (手工艺品) and experience of new technologies, such as 3D printing; and volunteer work. Take cooking as an example. The first and second graders will be encouraged to take on basic tasks such as washing vegetables. The third and fourth graders will be taught to make some cold dishes and boil eggs. Students in the fifth grade will learn to cook two to three quick and easy dishes. Middle school students will be required to learn to cook three to four main dishes independently for lunch or dinner. There are many benefits (益处) of learning cooking as a skill. As you learn to cook, you are getting a powerful tool to take control of your own health. You can also create lots of great memories in the kitchen, and feel a sense of achievement. More importantly, learning to cook prepares you for the future. If you can cook, you are able to live a healthier and more independent life. Parents welcome the cooking courses with open arms. They believe that the courses will provide their children with a chance to experience life and develop necessary skills. When cooking is about to become a compulsory (必修的) course, the kitchen safety is more important than labor skills. 根据短文内容回答下列问题。 39. What are the three kinds of tasks in the new course? ________________________________________________________________ 40. What is the third paragraph mainly about? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does learning to cook prepare you for the future? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. ________________________________________________________________ 43. Do you like the “practical activities” course? Why or Why not? (Please give two reasons.) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】39. They are everyday chores, productive labor and volunteer work. 40. The cooking tasks for primary students and middle school students. 41. Because you are able to live a healthier and more independent life in the future. 42. 他们相信这些课程将会为他们的孩子们提供一个体验生活和发展必备技能的机会。 43. Yes. Because I can create lots of great memories in my life and feel a sense of achievement./Because learning some skills prepares myself for the future. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了劳动教育。 【39题详解】 根据“The new course has three types of tasks: everyday chores (家务活), including cleaning, organizing, and cooking; productive labor, including traditional handicrafts (手工艺品) and experience of new technologies, such as 3D printing; and volunteer work.”可知，新课程中的三种任务：日常家务、生产劳动和志愿者工作。故填They are everyday chores, productive labor and volunteer work. 【40题详解】 通过阅读第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲了小学生和中学生的烹饪任务。故填The cooking tasks for primary students and middle school students. 【41题详解】 根据“If you can cook, you are able to live a healthier and more independent life.”可知，如果你会做饭，你就能过上更健康、更独立的生活。故填Because you are able to live a healthier and more independent life in the future. 【42题详解】 They“他们”，believe“相信”，that the courses “这些课程”，will provide their children with a chance “将为他们的孩子们提供一个机会”，to experience life “体验生活”，and “和”，develop necessary skills“发展必备技能”。故填：他们相信这些课程将会为他们的孩子们提供一个体验生活和发展必备技能的机会。 【43题详解】 本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：Yes. Because I can create lots of great memories in my life and feel a sense of achievement./Because learning some skills prepares myself for the future. 五、写作 44. Teens Around the World是一个国际青少年交流网站，近日有人发了一个关于My First Try的帖子。假设你是李华，请阅读原帖后，结合自己的经历，用英语跟帖。 注意: 1. 禁止抄袭本试卷中所有语篇内容; 2. 不要出现考生本人信息; 3. 80 词左右。 Teens Around the World Subject: My First Try Hey, guys! Everyone has experienced many attempts (尝试) during the growth. What unforgettable experience did you try for the first time? What happened at that time? What was your feeling or what did you learn from it? Looking forward to your replies. Eric, Canada I will never forget my first time to ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua, China 【答案】例文: I will never forget my first time to be a volunteer. It was a Sunday afternoon. As a member of Animal Helpers, I volunteered to be responsible for washing, feeding and playing with homeless dogs. At the same time, I took some photos of them and made posters online to call on more people to give a hand. Through my efforts over eight dogs were lucky to find their new homes. When I saw them taken good care of and they brought people much fun, I got such a strong feeling of pride. I realize that each life is important and the tiny things I do can make a difference. Li Hua, China 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏信息提示的内容，适当增加细节，并且突出写作的要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。直接说明要向介绍一次尝试； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。重点介绍介绍第一次尝试的经历； 第三步，书写结语。讲述尝试后的成长收获。 [亮点词汇] ①be responsible for负责 ②at the same time 同时 ③call on号召 [高分句型] ①When I saw them taken good care of and they brought people much fun, I got such a strong feeling of pride. (时间状语从句) ②I realize that each life is important and the tiny things I do can make a difference. 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