2025届高考英语一轮复习语法填空给提示词 动词之谓语动词讲义

高考语法填空-给提示词解题思路+分类题库训练 动词-谓语动词 考点梳理 年份 卷别 词数 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 非谓语 名词 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词 2024 新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 　 1 1 　 　 1 新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 　 　 1 　 　 1 1 全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 　 　 　 2 2023 新课标I卷 203 　 4 　 2 1 1 1 　 1 　 新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 　 1 1 　 1 1 全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 　 2 　 1 　 1 全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 　 1 　 　 1 1 2022 新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 　 1 1 　 1 1 新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 　 　 　 1 1 1 全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 　 1 1 　 　 1 全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 　 1 　 思维导图 一、给提示词-动词 年份 卷别 谓语（时态语态一致） 非谓语动词 词类转换 2024 新课标I卷 60. walks 58. to give59. closed 新课标II卷 58. were 61. was built 60. inspired65. to find 66. Recalling 全国甲卷 64. were 65. be done 61. to catch 68. completion 2023 新课标I卷 57.to bite 59.recognized 61.to be lifted 65.wanting 新课标II卷 65.wished 60.visiting 56.arrival 全国甲卷 70.be employed 61.to teach 65.borrowing 66.intended 65.warning 全国乙卷 67.was amazed 70.means 62.built 66.Having visited 68.recording 2022 新课标I卷 58.were 60.is designed 56.Covering 59.to increase 新课标II卷 62.was fixing 63.threw 56.falling 59.to see 全国甲卷 67.has walked 61.to journey 63.held 70.planning 65.protection 全国乙卷 63.addressed 66.shared 68.To strengthen 69.inviting （1） 确定是谓语动词/非谓语动词 基本原则： 一句话中谓语动词的数量=连接词+1 ⭐特殊情况： 1.省略连接词that的情况 (1) (2020全国III卷) The artist was (谓语动词) sure (that) he would be chosen (谓语动词), but when he presented (谓语动词) his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed (谓语动词). (2) You should consider (谓语动词) carefully whether the car (that) you want to buy (谓语动词) is (谓语动词) worth the money. 3.有连无主用非谓 (2023全国乙卷) Having visited (非谓语动词) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed (谓语动词) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (非谓语动词) 练习-判断下面空格处需要谓语动词还是非谓语动词 1.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation __________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. A．谓语 B．非谓语 2.The old couple moved back to the countryside in 2018 and __________ (lead) a happy and peaceful life ever since. A．谓语 B．非谓语 3.Jack is an outgoing student who often __________ (volunteer) to help the senior in the nursing home. A．谓语动词 B．非谓语动词 4.A number of people we had expected all __________ (arrive) here. A．谓语 B．非谓语 5.She believed he __________ (succeed) despite all the challenges, given his determination and hard work. A．谓语 B．非谓语 6.Ukrainian President said that Russia's attacks __________ (destroy) about 30 percent of Ukraine's power stations. A．谓语 B．非谓语 1.【解析】句中无连词，已有一个谓语动词 decided，其余的动词处理成非谓语，故选 B。 2.【解析】句中有连词 and，需要 2 个谓语，已有一个谓语动词 moved，空格处作第二个谓语，故选 A。 3.【解析】分析句子成分可知，这是一个由 who 引导的定语从句，who 在定语从句中充当主语成分，空格处需填谓语动词。 4.【解析】句中 we had expected 是定语从句，省略了作宾语的关系代词，句中需要 2 个谓语，已有一个谓语动词 had expected，空格处作第二个谓语，故选 A。 5.【解析】句中 believed 后是省略了 that 的宾语从句，句中需要 2 个谓语，已有一个谓语动词believed，空格处作第二个谓语，故选 A。 6.【解析】句中有引导宾语从句的 that，句中需要 2 个谓语，已有一个谓语动词 said，空格处作第二个谓语，故选 A。 （2） 谓语动词的三大考点 1. 被动语态 结构：be done 判断方法：句意＞看空格后 ⭐__________________________________________________________________________________________ （2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】 was amazed。 ①确定空格处需要谓语动词 ②根据句意：主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系/或者看空格后面有by，所以用被动语态； ③下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；故填was amazed。 The water __________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 【答案】 felt ①确定空格处需要谓语动词 ②考查动词时态语态和系表结构。felt cool是系表结构，主动形式表示被动意义 ③结合后面的jumped，保持一致，都用一般过去时。故答案是felt。 练习-请判断以下空格处是否需要用被动；如果用，请标明判断依据 1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 2.【2024全国甲卷】What should ____45____ (do)with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 3.(2022新高考I卷) The GPNP ________________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 4.(2022浙江1月卷) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _____________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 5.(2022浙江卷) To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ________________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 6.(2021全国甲卷) The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ________________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 7.(2021浙江1月卷) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________________ (consider) healthy. 8.(2021浙江卷) Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ________________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 9.(2020新高考) The parts of a museum open to the public ________________ (call) galleries or rooms. 10.(2020全国III卷) The artist was sure he would ________________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 11.(2020北京卷) Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ________________ (throw) away. 2. 时态 (1)熟记常考时态结构 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (2)时态判断思路 step1: 根据固定结构判断 ①sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did... ②This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done... ③This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done... ④sb +had (just) done sth. when＋一般过去时 ⑤祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 ⑥It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth. step2: 根据常考时间提示词 ⭐尤其关注【现在完成时的提示词】 按考频由高到低排列 ①since ②so far/ up to now/ till now ③lately/recently ④It is + 次数 + 完成时 ⑤for + 时间段 step3: 根据上下文的其他动词 典例1. (2024年辽宁省东北育才学校一模试题) Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them to create a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside (do). 【答案】does ①确定空格处需要谓语动词（有2个连接词that/as→需要3个谓语动词；目前只有combined和can excite) ②根据句意确定用主动（在10亿美元的预算下，他将它们结合在一起，创造了一件建筑作品，它可以像里面的艺术收藏一样让游客兴奋不已。） ③无明显的时间提示词，所以根据同一句中的can确定用一般现在时；注意主语是the art collection，第三人称单数，所以填does。 练习-请判断以下空格处动词的时态并标明判断依据 1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 2.【2024全国甲卷】 They __________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 3.(2023新高考II卷) As a little girl, I ________________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 4.(2023全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 5.(2023全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 6.(2023全国甲卷) In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 7.(2023全国甲卷) I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’s biology class _________________ (make) a big change in me. 8.(2022新高考I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 9.(2022新高考II卷) Henry ________________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 10.(2022新高考II卷) He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ________________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 11.(2022全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ________________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 12.(2022全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a shared future for mankind,” he said. 13.(2022北京卷) Eventually, the man ________________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 14.(2022北京卷) This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ________________ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 15.(2022北京卷) The use of those plastics ________________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 16.(2022浙江1月卷) But Cobb and others ________________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 17.(2022浙江1月卷) On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 18.(2021新高考I卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 19.(2021新高考II卷) I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 20.(2021全国甲卷) We ________________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 21.(2020新高考) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 22.(2020全国I卷) The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ________________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 3. 主谓一致（三单） 基本原则（关注就近原则） 主谓一致 关键步骤 语法一致 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 (2)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (3)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等谓语的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 (4)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 (5)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。 就近一致 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。 (2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。 意义一致 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。 (2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)由分数、百分数或者part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。 典例1. (2024新课标II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】was built 主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，用被动语态。故填was built。 典例2. (江苏省南通市如皋市2023-2024学年度高三调研试题) Wearing traditional Li costumes, and fishing in streams________ (be) among visitors’ favorite activities. Danzhou has also attracted visitors by organizing sports events. 【答案】are 主语为Wearing traditional Li costumes, and fishing in streams，谓语用复数。故填are。 练习-请判断以下空格处动词的主谓一致并标明判断依据 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _______________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 2.(2023全国甲卷) In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects ____________ (become) more meaningful to me. 3.(2022新高考I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 4.(2022新高考I卷) The GPNP ________________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 5.(2022新高考II卷) Henry ________________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 6.(2022新高考II卷) He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ________________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 7.(2022全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ________________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 8.(2022北京卷) This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ________________ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 9.(2022北京卷) The use of those plastics ________________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 10.(2022浙江1月卷) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________________ ________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 11.(2022浙江1月卷) But Cobb and others ________________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 12.(2022浙江1月卷) On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 13.(2022浙江卷) To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ________________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 14.(2021新高考I卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 15.(2021新高考II卷) I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 16.(2021全国甲卷) The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ________________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 17.(2021北京卷) As it ________________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 综合练习 1．（2024高三上·浙江·专题练习）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】were permitted 【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 2．（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习）According to some academic studies, sugar painting (date) back to the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were made in moulds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremonies. 【答案】dates 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画可以追溯到明朝，当时糖制的动物和人物是在模具中制成的，作为宗教仪式中祭祀的一部分。分析句子结构可知，空处为主句谓语动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单数名词“sugar painting”，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。 3．（23-24高三上·江苏南通·期末）Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness (involve) more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. 【答案】involves 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：打破根深蒂固的习惯倾向，如拖延、不耐烦、挑剔或自私，这些违反了人类效率的基本原则，需要的不仅仅是一点意志力和生活中的一些小改变。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的定语从句，主句中缺少谓语，所以involve做本句谓语，主语是Breaking，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填involves。 4．（23-24高三上·福建·阶段练习）The construction workers (plug) the hole with plastic bags before it rained heavily. 【答案】had plugged 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：在下大雨之前，建筑工人已经用塑料袋堵住了这个洞。根据时间状语从句before it rained heavily可知，此处是描述在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，用过去完成时，故填had plugged。 5．（23-24高三上·福建·期末）So far, large quantities of private information (leak) to the advertisement agency illegally. 【答案】have been leaked 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，大量的私人信息被非法泄露给了广告公司。主语large quantities of private information与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文So far可知为现在完成时的被动语态，“large quantities of +不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，助动词用have。故填have been leaked。 6．（23-24高三上·福建·期末）To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless (handle) properly, will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts. 【答案】handled 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、动词语态。句意：对于任何邻国来说，边界问题如果处理不好，都会直接影响到邻国之间的关系，甚至引发冲突。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的条件状语从句完整句子为unless border issues are_____ (handled) properly，省略border issues are，border issues和 handle“处理”之间是被动关系，所以unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时的被动语态，省略border issues are，保留过去分词。故填handled。 7．（23-24高三下·广东广州·开学考试）Lead researcher Professor Hadany said, “Each plant and each type of stress (link) to a special sound.” 【答案】is linked 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：首席研究员哈达尼教授说：“每种植物和每种压力都与一种特殊的声音有关。”each...and each...作主语，谓语应用单数形式。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。be linked to意为“和……有关”，为被动语态。故填is linked。 8．（23-24高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）Children should (expose) to as much traditional culture as possible. 【答案】be exposed 【详解】考查情态动词和语态。句意：儿童应尽可能多地接触传统文化。结合句意可知，主语Children和动词expose“使暴露”为被动关系，故用过去分词exposed，且空前为情态动词should，故填be exposed。 9．（23-24高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）When she waited at the airport, she (spot) her friend in the crowd. 【答案】spotted 【详解】考查时态。句意：当她在机场等候时，她在人群中发现她的朋友。根据句意和waited可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且主语she和spot为主动关系，故此处使用spot“注意到，发现”的过去式spotted。故填spotted。 10．（23-24高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）It was the first time she (leave) her motherland. 【答案】had left 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是她第一次离开祖国。“It was +第几次+ that sb. had done sth.”表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，为固定结构，故本空用leave“离开”的过去完成时形式had left。故填had left。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$