外刊阅读理解测试8-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

How ChatGPT Can Improve Education, Not Threaten it To read the news, the sanctity of everything from college application essays to graduate school tests to medical licensing exams is imperiled by easy access to advanced artificial intelligence like ChatGPT, the AI chatbot that can produce remarkably clear, long-form answers to complex questions. Educators in particular worry about students turning to ChatGPT to help them complete assignments. One proposed solution is to roll back the clock to the 20th century, making students write exam essays using pen and paper, without the use of any Internet-connected electronic devices. The University of California, Los Angeles, where I teach, is considering making it an honor code violation to use ChatGPT for taking an exam or writing a paper. That’s the wrong approach. This semester, I am telling the students in my class at the UCLA School of Law that they are free to use ChatGPT in their writing assignments. The time when a person had to be a good writer to produce good writing ended in late 2022, and we need to adapt. Rather than banning students from using labor-saving and time-saving AI writing tools, we should teach students to use them ethically and productively. To remain competitive throughout their careers, students need to learn how to prompt an AI writing tool to elicit worthwhile output and know how to evaluate its quality, accuracy and originality. They need to learn to compose well-organized, coherent essays involving a mix of AI-generated text and traditional writing. As professionals working into the 2060s and beyond, they will need to learn how to engage productively with AI systems, using them to both complement and enhance human creativity with the extraordinary power promised by mid-21st-century AI. In addition to the sound pedagogical reasons for treating ChatGPT as an opportunity and not a threat, there are practical ones as well. It simply isn’t feasible to effectively ban access to this technology. Honor code or not, many students will be unable to resist the temptation to seek AI assistance with their writing. And how would an educational institution enforce a ChatGPT ban? While there are tools aimed at detecting text produced by AI, future versions of AI will get better at emulating human writing—including to the point of emulating the style of the particular person who is using it. In the resulting arms race, the AI writing tools will always be one step ahead of the tools to detect AI text. Enforcement of a ChatGPT ban would also inevitably produce the injustice of false positives and false negatives. Some students who use ChatGPT despite a ban would, through luck or thanks to careful-enough editing of AI-generated text, avoid having their writing flagged as AI-assisted. Worse, some students would be falsely accused of using ChatGPT, triggering enormous stress and potentially leading to punishment for a wrong they did not commit. And what of the argument that learning to write well provides benefits that go well beyond writing? Writing a good essay from scratch requires careful, often painstaking, thought about organization, flow and communication. Learning to write without AI does indeed promote focused, disciplined thinking. But learning to successfully combine unassisted and AI-assisted writing to create truly good essays also requires these qualities. Writing is a craft worthy of enormous respect, one which few of us ever master. But most students don’t aspire to become professional writers. Instead, they are preparing for careers where they will write to further goals beyond the production of writing. As we do today, they will write to communicate, explain, convince, memorialize, request and persuade. AI writing tools, when properly used, will help them do those things better. When I was a middle and high school student in the late 1970s and early 1980s, I was told that professional success required good “penmanship” and the ability to perform long division by hand. By the time I entered the professional workforce in the late 1980s, technology advances had rendered those skills obsolete. Education culture can be very slow to change, as evidenced by the fact that many schools today still force children to learn long division—a task they will never have to perform anywhere outside of school. With AI writing, educators should stay ahead of the technology curve, as opposed to lagging decades behind it. The upshot: I am helping my students to prepare for a future in which AI is simply another technology tool as opposed to a novelty. I am also telling them that they are solely and fully responsible for the writing they turn in bearing their name. If it’s factually inaccurate, that’s on them. If it’s badly organized, that’s on them. If it’s stylistically or logically inconsistent, that’s on them. If it’s partially plagiarized, that means that they have committed plagiarism. In short, I’m encouraging my students to become responsible, aware users of the AI technologies that will play a profoundly important role over the course of their careers. The AI writing, so to speak, is on the wall. What is one proposed solution to the threat of ChatGPT in education? A. Encouraging students to use ChatGPT. B. Making students write with pen and paper. C. Teaching students to use ChatGPT productively. D. Allowing students to use any technology for assignments. Why does the author think students need to learn to use AI writing tools? A. To become professional writers. B. To stay competitive in their careers. C. To avoid getting caught using ChatGPT. D. To master the art of writing. What is a practical reason against banning ChatGPT? A. It is impossible to enforce the ban effectively. B. Students will not listen to the ban. C. AI writing is better than human writing. D. There are no tools to detect AI-generated text. What does the author say about learning to combine unassisted and AI-assisted writing? A. It does not require focused thinking. B. It is less worthy than learning to write without AI. C. It also promotes focused and disciplined thinking. D. It will make students professional writers. What is the author's main message in the article? A. ChatGPT is a threat to education and should be banned. B. Education should adapt to ChatGPT and teach students to use it responsibly. C. Students should not use ChatGPT for assignments. D. AI writing tools will replace human writing. Corporate America is struggling to adapt to Gen Z In recent months, the payments company Visa has quietly started to offer customers a new feature: a digital tool that lets them cap spending in a personalised way, for example by restricting the bill at coffee bars to a preset limit each week. Nothing odd about that, you might think. With inflation undermining household budgets, and credit card debt at record highs in countries such as the US, consumers have reasons to restrict themselves. But peer a little closer, and there is a twist: Visa’s move is partly sparked by a scramble to make sense of the behaviour of “Gen Z”, or the cohort born between 1997 and 2012. “[Gen Z] wants control,” explains Charlotte Hogg, chief executive of Visa Europe, who says the company is urgently “trying to figure out” how these teens and young adults think and behave. No wonder. It is a time-honoured feature of any society that elders decry the antics of their kids and grandkids — and assume that the latter will become more like the former when they “grow up”. And since most business leaders today are “baby boomers” or members of “Gen X”, (born, that is, between 1946 and 1964, or 1965 and 1980, respectively), many feel baffled by Gen Z, and assume they are identical to “millennials” (or those born between 1981 and 1996). This assumption is not entirely wrong. A recent study by the consultancy Oliver Wyman, which tracked 150,000 Gen Z-ers over two years, shows that this generation cares far more deeply about social and environmental issues than their elders, and expect digital and “real-world” experiences to be entwined. In this respect, they are similar to millennials. However, Gen Z also has a higher incidence of self-reported mental health issues than millennials, while its members prefer to get their information from online peers rather than authority figures. These findings, which echo similar studies by McKinsey, undoubtedly reflect the fact that Gen Z-ers are digital natives whose lives have been shaped by the aftershocks of the global financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. But the most striking issue that defines Gen Z is something else: personalisation. A cohortsteeped in digitisation and smartphones considers it entirely normal and desirable to customise everything — from their music, media, food and holidays to their politics, gender identities and working practices. I call this the era of “Gen P”, which has led to the rise of a “pick’n’mix” or “playlist” approach to life, in which personal choice rules supreme. To Gen Z the idea of accepting preselected roles or consumption packages feels as outdated as only listening to music on the radio picked by somebody else. Instead they want to exercise choice. To boomers and Gen X-ers, this trend can seem irritatingly entitled. Just ask any middle-aged manager who has tried to persuade younger staff to work in an office at set hours. As a survey by Workplace Intelligence and Amazon shows, if Gen Z-ers cannot customise jobs to their needs, they prefer to quit. For Gen Z, and many millennials, this pick’n’mix approach feels not just empowering but normal. Hence the challenge for financial companies. Most mainstream legacy groups built their 20th-century businesses by selling the value of “expertise”. Many also offer a “one-size-fits-all” model, observes Nafeesa Jafferjee, co-founder of Quirk, a youth-focused financial-adviser app. However, “Gen Z prioritises a personalised experience” in finance, argues Tim Tkachenko, founder of the Qure Finance app. Hence many fintech start-ups are now scrambling to respond to this shift. Some, such as online brokerage Robinhood, have done this in eye-catching style. During the pandemic it expanded rapidly by enabling users to customise their financial investments, often on the back of crowdsourced advice. Crypto featured prominently, which makes sense given that digital assets are effectively a customised form of money. However, the crypto implosion has taken the sheen off Robinhood and other fintech start-ups. The really interesting issue to watch now is how legacy groups will respond — and whether this will reshape financial services more broadly. Take Visa. Hogg says that its customised control tools were initially developed with younger customers in mind. But she now realises that the feature can appeal almost as much to older users, since the personalisation trend is spreading up the age cohorts. Larry Fink, chief executive of BlackRock, agrees. He tells me that he foresees a future where asset owners of all sizes, however small, will use digital tools to customise portfolios with previously unimaginable ease, particularly around issues such as the environment. Eventually he expects them to be able to exercise their shareholder voting rights directly — without asset managers — if they choose to do this. But will they? It is still unclear. However, the key point is this: since trillions of dollars will be passed down the generations in the coming years, via inheritances, investors cannot afford to ignore these behavioural shifts. Whatever you think about the values of Gen Z and millennials, this is not your grandparents’ market anymore. Get ready for the rise of Gen P. What has sparked Visa's move to offer a new digital tool? A. The need to reduce costs. B. The desire to attract more customers. C. The behavior of Gen Z. D. Competition from other payment companies. How is Gen Z similar to millennials according to the Oliver Wyman study? A. They have the same mental health issues. B. They care deeply about social and environmental issues. C. They prefer to get information from authority figures. D. They are not digital natives. What is the most striking issue that defines Gen Z? A. Similarity to baby boomers. B. A preference for working in offices. C. A high incidence of mental health issues. D. A desire for personalisation. What do fintech start-ups like Robinhood do to respond to Gen Z's shift? A. Offer traditional financial services. B. Provide a "one-size-fits-all" model. C. Enable users to customise their financial investments. D. Ignore the personalisation trend. What does Larry Fink foresee for the future of asset owners? A. They will continue to rely on asset managers. B. They will use digital tools to customise portfolios. C. They will not be interested in environmental issues. D. They will not pass down assets to the next generation. Why shouldn't you charge your phone while you're sleeping? It's a commuter's nightmare - sitting down on the bus or train only to discover that your phone battery has hit the red. How will you check those all important emails now? Or post that amusing Tweet you just thought of? A simple solution might be to charge your phone overnight, so it's ready to go when you are, but as it turns out, this might not be the best idea. Experts have warned that sleeping by a charging phone could in fact be bad for us. According to David Gale, of Gale & Snowden, an eco-architecture firm, our nervous system operates on very low voltage electricity. "Our brains use electricity to send messages to our muscles. For some people the man-made alternating current that powers our homes can interfere with these processes," he said. For this reason, some people may find it difficult to sleep near a charging phone or other electric item, reports MailOnline. It's also important not to place a charging phone on your bed or under your pillows while you sleep, as this can pose a major fire risk. This is because the battery heats up while the phone is plugged in and sometimes it can get so hot it catches fire. However there aren't only risks to yourself that need to be considered. Charging your phone overnight can also cause damage to your phone. Experts at PC Advisor don't recommend charging your battery to 100 percent. Their website says: "It won't be fatal to your battery if you do a full recharge - most of us are forced to do this every now and again in emergencies." "But constantly doing a full recharge will shorten the battery's lifespan." The message is clear - charging your phone overnight just isn't worth the hassle, so you might as well enjoy a good night's sleep instead. What is a commuter's nightmare? A. Having a fully charged phone. B. Forgetting to take the phone. C. Discovering the phone battery is low while on the way. D. Losing the phone on the bus. According to David Gale, why might sleeping by a charging phone be bad for some people? A. The phone makes too much noise. B. The man-made alternating current can interfere with our nervous system. C. The phone light is too bright. D. The phone may explode. Why is it dangerous to place a charging phone on the bed or under pillows? A. It may get lost. B. It may cause damage to the bed. C. It poses a major fire risk. D. It may overheat and damage the pillows. What do experts at PC Advisor say about charging the phone to 100 percent? A. It is always fatal to the battery. B. It is good for the battery. C. It won't be fatal but constantly doing it will shorten the battery's lifespan. D. It will make the phone charge faster. What is the main message of the article? A. Charging your phone overnight is a good idea. B. Charging your phone overnight is worth the hassle. C. Charging your phone overnight can cause damage to yourself and your phone. D. You should always charge your phone to 100 percent. Study Shows Chimps Share Complex Communication System Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees have a more complex communication system than past research has shown. The researchers say the animal uses more than ten kinds of calls that can be combined into hundreds of different orders or sequences. The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees that live in Ivory Coast's Tai National Park. The park is one of the last important areas of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home to many kinds of plants and animals. Chimpanzees, along with bonobos, are the closest living relatives to humans. They are intelligent and highly social. Chimpanzees make and use tools and can be taught a small amount of human sign language. Scientists have long known that chimpanzees use different calls, or vocalizations, in the wild. But the new study offered a deeper understanding of their communication. Cédric Girard-Buttoz was the lead writer of the study that appeared in the publication Communications Biology. Girard-Buttoz said of the chimpanzee calls, "It is not a language but it is amongst the most complex forms of communication described in a non-human animal." The call types included what researchers called a grunt, a panted grunt, a hoo sound, a pant hoot, a bark sound, a panted bark, a pant, a scream, a panted scream, a whimper, a panted roar and the non-vocal lip smack and raspberry sounds. The researchers determined that these call types were used in 390 different orders or sequences. "In general 'pant grunt' and 'pant hoot' are the most common calls used in these sequences," Girard-Buttoz said. The order in which the chimpanzees produced the calls appeared to follow rules, although the study did not include ideas about any possible meanings. Girard-Buttoz said the study was important because it shows the beginning of communication that could have been the starting point of the evolution toward "syntax in our language." Syntax is the way in which words are put together to form full sentences or phrases. The researchers want to learn whether the sequences communicate wider meanings. They have suspicions about the possible meanings of some vocalizations. Girard-Buttoz said researchers need to "explore in detail" the situations surrounding these calls. He added that researchers need to do "playback experiments to see if the suspected meaning matches with the behavioral reaction of chimpanzees when they hear the call." The researchers are not sure if chimpanzee vocal communication is similar to the beginnings of language in human evolutionary history. Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor but split into separate evolutionary families perhaps 7 million years ago. What did the study find about wild chimpanzees? A. They have a simple communication system. B. They use more than ten kinds of calls. C. They can't communicate with each other. D. They only use vocalizations. Where did the study take place? A. In a zoo. B. In Ivory Coast's Tai National Park. C. In a laboratory. D. In a forest in Asia. What did Girard-Buttoz say about chimpanzee calls? A. It is a language. B. It is the most complex form of communication. C. It is among the most complex forms of communication in non-human animals. D. It is less complex than human language. What is syntax? A. The way words are pronounced. B. The way words are spelled. C. The way words are put together to form full sentences or phrases. D. The meaning of words. What do the researchers want to do next? A. Stop studying chimpanzees. B. Confirm the meanings of chimpanzee vocalizations. C. Teach chimpanzees more human sign language. D. Compare chimpanzee communication to human language. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ How ChatGPT Can Improve Education, Not Threaten it 答案： B。解析：文中提到“One proposed solution is to roll back the clock to the 20th century, making students write exam essays using pen and paper, without the use of any Internet-connected electronic devices.”。 B。解析：文中提到“To remain competitive throughout their careers, students need to learn how to prompt an AI writing tool to elicit worthwhile output and know how to evaluate its quality, accuracy and originality.”。 A。解析：文中提到“It simply isn’t feasible to effectively ban access to this technology. Honor code or not, many students will be unable to resist the temptation to seek AI assistance with their writing. And how would an educational institution enforce a ChatGPT ban?”。 C。解析：文中提到“But learning to successfully combine unassisted and AI-assisted writing to create truly good essays also requires these qualities. Writing is a craft worthy of enormous respect, one which few of us ever master. But most students don’t aspire to become professional writers. Instead, they are preparing for careers where they will write to further goals beyond the production of writing.”。 B。解析：作者认为教育不应该禁止 ChatGPT，而应该适应它，教导学生负责任地使用它，所以答案是 Education should adapt to ChatGPT and teach students to use it responsibly.。 Corporate America is struggling to adapt to Gen Z 答案： C。解析：文中提到“Visa’s move is partly sparked by a scramble to make sense of the behaviour of “Gen Z”。 B。解析：文中提到“A recent study by the consultancy Oliver Wyman, which tracked 150,000 Gen Z-ers over two years, shows that this generation cares far more deeply about social and environmental issues than their elders, and expect digital and “real-world” experiences to be entwined. In this respect, they are similar to millennials.”。 D。解析：文中提到“But the most striking issue that defines Gen Z is something else: personalisation.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Some, such as online brokerage Robinhood, have done this in eye-catching style. During the pandemic it expanded rapidly by enabling users to customise their financial investments, often on the back of crowdsourced advice.”。 B。解析：文中提到“Larry Fink, chief executive of BlackRock, agrees. He tells me that he foresees a future where asset owners of all sizes, however small, will use digital tools to customise portfolios with previously unimaginable ease, particularly around issues such as the environment.”。 Why shouldn't you charge your phone while you're sleeping? 答案： C。解析：文中提到“It's a commuter's nightmare - sitting down on the bus or train only to discover that your phone battery has hit the red.”。 B。解析：文中提到“According to David Gale, of Gale & Snowden, an eco-architecture firm, our nervous system operates on very low voltage electricity. 'Our brains use electricity to send messages to our muscles. For some people the man-made alternating current that powers our homes can interfere with these processes,' he said.”。 C。解析：文中提到“It's also important not to place a charging phone on your bed or under your pillows while you sleep, as this can pose a major fire risk.”。 C。解析：文中提到“But constantly doing a full recharge will shorten the battery's lifespan.”。 C。解析：文章主要讲述了晚上睡觉时给手机充电可能对人及手机造成的危害，所以答案是 Charging your phone overnight can cause damage to yourself and your phone.。 Study Shows Chimps Share Complex Communication System 答案： B。解析：文中提到“Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees have a more complex communication system than past research has shown. The researchers say the animal uses more than ten kinds of calls that can be combined into hundreds of different orders or sequences.”。 B。解析：文中提到“The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees that live in Ivory Coast's Tai National Park.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Girard-Buttoz said of the chimpanzee calls, "It is not a language but it is amongst the most complex forms of communication described in a non-human animal."”。 C。解析：文中提到“Syntax is the way in which words are put together to form full sentences or phrases.”。 B。解析：文中提到“He added that researchers need to do "playback experiments to see if the suspected meaning matches with the behavioral reaction of chimpanzees when they hear the call."”，说明研究者想确认黑猩猩声音的含义。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$