专题6：形容词和副词 核心考点精讲精练 讲义-2025届高考英语一轮复习

2025年高考英语一轮复习 专题6：形容词和副词 核心考点精讲精练（原卷版） 【考点梳理】 形容词主要作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，可以用来修饰名词、代词等，也可以单独使用。对应单词为adjective，缩写为adj.，常翻译为“......的”，位置可以是在名词前，也可以在代词之后或系动词之后等。形式上除了本身为形容词的，常见还有会加前缀a-及后缀-y/-ful/-al/-en/-ent/-ive/-ish/-ous/-ly等的形容词以及一词多性的形容词。 副词主要是作状语、表语、宾语补足语等的作用，对应单词为adverb，缩写为adv.，常翻译为“......地”或“得.....”，形式上除了本身是副词外，多以-ly后缀结尾或形副同形的。根据作用，副词常分为时间副词、地点副词、程度副词、关系副词、疑问副词、方式副词、频度副词等。 考点一 形容词的构成与句法功能 一、形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 二、词形转换的具体总结 形容词后缀 1．形容词后缀-able (1)能……的；可……的 accept→acceptable　　　可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担得起的 rely→reliable 可信赖的，可依靠的 change→changeable 易变的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 believe→believable 可相信的 (2)具有……的特点 enjoy→enjoyable令人愉快的 suit→suitable 合适的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 reason→reasonable合理的 value→valuable有价值的 knowledge→knowledgeable有丰富知识的，博学的 2．形容词后缀-ful/-less cheer→cheerful兴高采烈的 doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 thought→thoughtful周到的；深思的 peace→peaceful和平的 success→successful成功的 regret→regretful后悔的 harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的 help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的；无能的 hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的 use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的；无效的 power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的 meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的 3．形容词后缀-ive/-ative act→active积极的；活跃的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意义的 create→creative创造性的 progress→progressive进步的 talk→talkative健谈的（别忘了字母a） effect→effective有效的 4．形容词后缀-ous（ous还是ious一定要记清楚） continue→continuous不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 danger→dangerous危险的 humor→humorous幽默的 mountain→mountainous多山的 poison→poisonous有毒的 ambition→ambitious有野心的 religion→religious宗教的 space→spacious 宽敞的；广阔的 5．形容词后缀-ble/-ible horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的；糟糕的 vision→visible看得见的 access→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的 6．形容词后缀-y fog→foggy多雾的 taste→tasty美味的；可口的 luck→lucky幸运的 health→healthy健康的 dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的 greed→greedy贪婪的 sun→sunny阳光明媚的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的 7．形容词后缀-al/-ial culture→cultural文化的 agriculture→agricultural农业的 practice→practical实际的 music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 person→personal个人的；私人的 center→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 tradition→traditional传统的 option→optional可选择的，选修的 profession→professional专业的；职业的 benefit→beneficial有益的 face→facial面部的（看起来很简单但很容易错） industry→industrial工业的 finance→financial金融的 8．形容词后缀-ic science→scientific科学的 economy→economic经济的 history→historic历史上著名的 history→historical具有重大历史意义的 energy→energetic精力充沛的 class→classic经典的 9．形容词后缀-en wood→wooden木制的 gold→golden金色的 wool→wool(l)en羊毛的 10．形容词后缀-ly dead→deadly致命的 live→lively活跃的 friend→friendly友好的 year→yearly每年的 month→monthly每月的 week→weekly每周的 day→daily每日的；日常的 cost→costly昂贵的 order→orderly有次序的 三、 形容词的功能 在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。 He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。 It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。 ■名师点津 (1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 Light­hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.　她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。 (2)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。 2．副词的基本用法 (1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 (2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established. 狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。 ■名师点津 有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。 (安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.　谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 （2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her. 高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) →出处→材料性质→类别→名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 五、 形容词、副词辨析 形容词副词的区别及用法 1. late 和later He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。 Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。 2. pleased, pleasing与pleasant （1）pleased的含义是“感到满意，高兴”，后常跟介词at, with。例如： I'm pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。 She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。 （2）pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”，相当于“giving pleasure”。例如： My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。 The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。 （3）pleasant表示“快乐的，愉快的”。例如： The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。 To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。 3. living, alive与live （1）living作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如： Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。 My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。 （2）alive译为“活着的”，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如： He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。 Is that sheep dead or alive? 那头羊是死了还是活着？ （3）alive还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如： You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。 （4）live表示“活着的”，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。 The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。 4. worth，worthy与worthwhile （1）worth意为“值得的”，后接v-ing形式，构成“be worth doing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数； （2）worthy意为“值得的”，后接“of+名词（或being+过去分词）”，构成“be worthy of+名词（或being done）”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。 （3）be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如： This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。 This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。 5. too、also、either too和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。 Are they coming too ? 他们也来吗? She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。 He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。 6. likely与possible, probable likely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。 7. most 与mostly most做形容词或代词，如：most students, most of us；mostly为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。如： 即时检测： 1．By now medical workers had arrived, and were looking after the (injure). （所给词的适当形式填空） 2．The study showed a deep fear among the (elder) of being abandoned to the care of strangers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is （suit）for both children and adults. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．We must keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay (energy) and fit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．When we couldn’t wear (fashion) clothes, we never blamed our mother. 考点二 副词的构成与句法功能 一、副词的构词规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加­ly) 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：whole→wholly) 词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例) 词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 二、副词的句法功能 副词是一种词类，常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词在句子中用作状语时，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置；副词在句子中作表语时位于系动词之后；副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面；副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法，应牢记和熟练掌握。 具体解读 (1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 ①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging. 登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。 ②[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently. 此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。 ③[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。 (2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”； moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”； besides“另外，还有”； however“然而”； instead“相反，代替”； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”； otherwise“否则”。 The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。 The house was too expensive and too big. Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house. 这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。 三、形容词和副词的辨析 1. early，alone, enough, fast, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight, (表示方位) left, right, back, front, (表示数量) little, much He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.他总是起床很早，因为他知道早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(前者为副词，作状语；后者为形容词，作定语) He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.他喜欢一个人，总是单独外出。(前者为形容词，作表语；后者为副词，作状语) 2. hard, very, past, still, well, that, this等 Hard work leads to success.努力工作通向成功。(为形容词作定语，意为“艰苦的，努力的”) Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.在党的领导下，人民努力工作。(为副词作状语，意为“努力地”) Stand still while I take a photo of you.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。(为形容词作表语，意为“不动的；静止的”) Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.尽管半夜了，我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状语，意为“仍然”) 3.既可作形容词又可作副词且有­ly表抽象概念(有­ly)的词 情况 形容词 副词（抽象含义） deep 深的 The hole is deep.这个洞很深。 深地；在深处 He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。 deeply 深深地；深刻地 He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。 wide 宽阔的；宽的 The river is 10 meters wide. 关阔地；充分地 Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。 widely 广泛地 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。 high 高的 高；向高处He jumps high.他跳的很高。 highly 高度地；非常 He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。 close 近的；亲密的；仔细的 He is my close friend. 他是我关系很好的朋友。 挨着；接近 Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。 closely 密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。 4．有无­ly意义大不相同的形容词和副词 hard与hardly He works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。(副词，意为“努力地”) The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了，我简直不敢相信这是真的。(副词，意为“几乎不”) sharp与sharply It was twelve o'clock sharp.现在12点整了。(副词，意为“整点，恰好”) “Don't talk nonsense”， she said sharply. “别胡扯”，她严厉地说。(副词，意为“严厉地”) fair与fairly One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.一个人要学会努力奋斗，但要公平奋斗，赢而不骄，输而不失风度。(副词，意为“公平地”) It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。(副词，意为“相当，很”) near与nearly May Day is drawing near.五一即将到来。(副词，意为“在附近；不久以后”) My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近60岁，他教得很好。(副词，意为“几乎，将近”) short与shortly Paper is running short.纸快用完了。(副词，意为“短缺地”) He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。(副词，意为“不久”) most与mostly What struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。(副词，much的最高级，意为“最”) It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。(形容词，意为“很；十分；极其”) They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词，意为“大部分地，主要地”) 即时检测： 6．He claimed that he was but there was no evidence to prove his . (innocent) (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Mr. Brooke is an (extreme) kind and generous man. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8． (general) speaking, the weather here is neither hot nor cold. 9． (similar), driving over the speed limit or after (consume) alcohol increases the likelihood of traffic accidents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside, not on the inside. , like a book, your contents are much more important than your cover. (用适当的词填空) 考点三 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。 ②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。 ③倍数表达法： •A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B •A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B •A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B ④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。 ⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。 易错点：1．少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest easy→easier→easiest simple→simpler→simplest 2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。 这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。 3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。 good/well→better→best bad/ill→worse→worst many/much→more→most little→less→least old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上) far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上) 4．比较级的基本用法 (1)同级比较 ①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……” Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else. 因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。 ②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as... I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today. 今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2)比较级比较 “形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。 I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it. 我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。 5．比较级的特殊用法 ①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。 ②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. 这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。 ③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。 Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer. 这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。 6．比较级形式表示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。 ①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数 ②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数 ③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else ④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数 ⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。 China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。 No man is better than you in the world. 人世间没有人比你好。 I haven’t read a more interesting novel. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。 7．最高级的基本用法 (1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. ＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。 即时检测： 11．It’s just what I wanted, and I can’t expect a (good) gift. 12．If you follow these steps and put your (good) foot forward in your interview, you will be one step closer to reaching the end of the rainbow and (obtain) your dream job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The (generous) people spend money, the more likely they are to face money problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．During an interview, Professor Hawking warned that AI (人工智能) would soon reach a level where it would be a “new form of life” that would perform (well) than humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．Divided into five sections, the long-running show is aimed to offer art collectors and the general public alike an opportunity to learn about China’s modern, contemporary print art and (far) explore the market value of prints, according to Liu Zehui, the person in charge of the show. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【达标训练】 语法填空 1．Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of (commerce) exploitation of forests. 2．We go and do the (week) shopping every Thursday. 3． (individual) inventors contributed significantly to technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution. 4． (individual) leaders often made pivotal decisions that changed the course of history. 5．The (individual) experiences of immigrants enriched the cultural fabric of the country. 6． (individual) artists left a lasting impact on the art world. 7．Regular exercise is (benefit) to mental health by reducing stress and improving mood. 8．The museum staff are (sense) to the need for preserving artifacts. 9．For those with family members far away the personal computer and the phone are important in keeping (connect). 10．Being (embarrass) about your past actions can prevent you from moving forward. 11．With the lights , the room was pitch black. 12．He plays the violin (classical) and has won several competitions. 13．She trained (classical) in ballet from a young age. 14．The students listened (eager) to the professor’s lecture on ancient history. 15．Seeing the recovery of an endangered species (emotion) moves conservationists who have worked tirelessly for their protection. 16．She gave away the secret (accident) due to panic. 17．If you want to keep fit, you can exercise (regular) in a gym. 18．The children looked at me (curious), asking where I came from. 19．Visitors to the festival are (mental) stimulated by the wide range of performances and exhibits. 20． (hope) we can find a way of solving this problem. 21．Susan, a biology student has a keen interest in wildlife and would like to know how people and wildlife can co-exist (peaceful) in an area. 22．This kind of gloves are (slight) more expensive but they last a lot longer. 23．A (balance) approach to urban planning ensures that new developments do not harm cultural heritage sites. 24．He is (determine) to take good care of his parents from now on. 25．We were expecting to win, so a draw (平局) was a (disappoint) result for us. 【能力提升】 阅读理解 A Two Special MuseumsBarbed (有刺的) Wire Museum Is this the strangest museum of all? One thing’s for sure— you won’t want to touch the handiwork on display! Invented by Joseph Glidden in 1874, this type of wire fencing quickly turned into a multi- million- dollar industry. Where farmers once let their animals wander freely across the prairies (草地), this wire now enabled land to be sectioned— and that in turn, changed the face of the“ Wild West”! Opened in 1971, the museum displays over 2,000 varieties of barbed wire, as well as tools and equipment used in fencing. Who would come here? The thousands of barbed wire fans across the world, it seems!The Salt and Pepper Shaker Museum Opened in 2001, the owners of this small museum in Tennessee, USA are serious collectors! Their museum houses over 20,000 different salt and pepper shakers, some of which date back thousands of years! With shakers shaped as astronauts, chickens, monks, letters and cute puppies, you will be amazed at the enormous variety on show! And while you look through their packed shelves, you also get to learn the rather interesting history behind salt and pepper. One salt shaker the Ludden family don’t have in their museum is the Cellini Salt Cellar. This was presented to Francis I, King of France, in 1543 and was made from pure gold and it’s worth an amazing €50 million! 1．When was barbed wire fencing invented? A．In 1874. B．In 1971. C．In 2001. D．In 1543. 2．What can we do in the Salt and Pepper Shaker Museum? A．Take photos with astronauts. B．Use different kinds of shakers. C．Learn history about salt and pepper. D．Admire a shaker once used by Francis I. 3．What do the two museums have in common? A．They show something famous. B．They show something unusual. C．They show something popular. D．They show something helpful. B Finns love to read: It’s their favorite thing to do in their time off. The country is a little smaller than Montana, but its library network is larger, with hundreds of central libraries, branch libraries and mobile libraries. I was two years old when my family set foot in Finland. We settled in Porvoo, a small city of around 50,000 people about an hour away from the capital, Helsinki. One thing it didn’t have were books in my family’s language—my first language, Albanian. I can’t say that I was ever encouraged to pick up a book. But once I learned how to read Finnish, I never stopped, becoming a frequent sight at the small school library. I was 10 years old when the new building of the main library of Porvoo opened its doors to the public. When I visited for the first time, I was so in awe that I cried. I rarely, however, borrowed a book. Perhaps I was just scared that something would happen to the books if they were somewhere they didn’t seem to belong. But unlike the real world, books never distressed me—even crime, horror and thriller titles—and I read everything. I spent as much time as I could in the new library—falling in love with books and stories and the Finnish language; gaining confidence as a speaker; and dreaming of writing a book of my own one day, slowly growing from a reader to a writer. 4．What problem did the author meet with arriving in Finland? A．He had few friends to make with. B．He felt discouraged to read a book. C．He couldn’t read books in Finnish. D．He couldn’t find available libraries. 5．What can be inferred about the newly-built library of Porvoo? A．It took a decade to build. B．It never failed to impress C．It received the most readers. D．It aroused readers’ creativity. 6．Which is closest in meaning to “distressed” in paragraph 4? A．Worried. B．Drew. C．Satisfied. D．Surprised. 7．What’s the best title for the text? A．Experience Cultures of Finland B．Recall Old Days in Albania C．Pursue My Dreams in Helsinki D．Read My Way Through Porvoo C Smart glasses that send out a sound when an object comes into their field of view could help people who are blind to locate certain items. Blind people can be trained to move via echolocation (回声定位). This involves them sending out a noise that bounces off objects around them, with the returning echoes giving information about their surrounding area. Inspired by this ability, Howe Zhu at the University of Technology Sydney in Australia and his colleagues wanted to create glasses that similarly give people information about what objects are close to them. The researchers first took a pair of AR glasses with two front-facing cameras and built-in speakers. They then designed a smartphone app that used deep learning to process the visual information captured by the glasses to identify four objects: a bowl, cup, book and bottle. The team programmed a sound to play from the speakers when one of the objects came into the glasses’ field of view as a wearer scanned their head around a room. Each of the objects was assigned a connected sound. For example, when a book came into view, the wearer heard a page turning. To test the glasses, the team enlisted seven people with varying degrees of light sense and seven people with no sight issues who were blindfolded. They sat at a table with the four objects arranged on top. When asked to pick up one of the objects, the participants who were either blind or had low vision were able to do so correctly 81%of the time, compared with a 73% success rate for the blindfolded participants. The researchers now hope to develop this technology to recognize more objects and to allow people to use it while they are walking around. 8．Why does Howe Zhu develop smart glasses? A．To identify the nearby items. B．To confirm the returning echoes. C．To enhance the traffic safety level. D．To test the function of ordinary glasses. 9．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The outcome of the experiment. B．The process of the experiment. C．The importance of the experiment. D．The purpose of the experiment. 10．What can be learned about Howe Zhu’s smart glasses? A．Participants prefer wearing them. B．Researchers doubt their functions. C．They benefit those with low vision. D．They catalogue different information. 11．What column of a website is the text taken? A．Education. B．Culture. C．Amusement. D．Technology. D There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads. The first is a fleet of blue trolleybuses that serve bus route number 20, a line set up by a British-run transport company in 1928. They use poles to receive electricity from wires overhead and have kept the route running in this way for nearly a century. But while the historic electric buses are a reminder of Europe’s past technological innovation, the new buses traveling alongside them are symbols of China’s contemporary net-zero ambition. These modern electric buses powered by lithium batteries (锂电池), were introduced in Shanghai in 2014. They offer a smoother ride, especially during starts and stops. Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation. The most recent data available shows that China in 2018 was still the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the global transport sector, responsible for 11%, and behind only the United States, which accounted for 21%. After around two decades of government support, China now boasts the world’s largest market for e-buses, making up more than 95% of global stock. At the end of 2022, China’s Ministry of Transport announced that more than three-quarters (77% or 542, 600) of all urban buses in the country were new energy vehicles. The speed of this transition was remarkable. So far, however, the Chinese cities with the most successful e-bus introduction — such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai — all have moderate weather and are relatively flat. To take its e-bus campaign to the next level, China faces challenges. For one thing, it is difficult to bring fleets to cities such as Hong Kong, which — like London — have double-deckers. These two-storeyed vehicles are “very hard” to electrify, because they are heavier, use more energy, and so need bigger batteries, reducing the number of passengers they can carry. Cold weather is a problem, too, as it can make a battery’s charging time longer and its range shorter. The reason China has not achieved 100% electrification for its buses is its northern regions, which have cold winters, says Xue Lulu, a transportation expert at the World Resources Institute China. 12．How does the author describe the two types of electric buses in the first paragraph? A．By contrasting their historical significance and technological advancements. B．By highlighting their roles in protecting the environment and lasting use. C．By focusing merely on their technical details and performance. D．By explaining their operational challenges and requirements. 13．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly show? A．The global impact of carbon dioxide emissions. B．The progress of China in reducing CO2 emissions. C．The different emission levels of China and the USA． D．The need for more government support in e-bus market. 14．What factor contributes to the slow adoption of electric buses in China’s northern regions? A．Poor winter weather conditions. B．Lack of transportation experts. C．Short charging time of the battery. D．Heavier and bigger bus bodies. 15．Which column is the text most probably taken from? A．Business B．Culture. C．Technology D．Earth. 七选五 Here’s How to Use Wallpaper Wallpaper is a powerful design tool that can transform a room. Here are tips to see how it’s done.Where should the wallpaper go? The first step is figuring out where you’re going to hang the wallpaper. Keep in mind: 16 . Smaller, darker spaces are the best places to hang wallpaper. Larger rooms with great light and beautiful views are often better left alone. Once you’ve settled on a room, your decisions aren’t over. Where exactly in that room should you hang the paper? A typical installation involves covering all four walls. 17 .Measure and plan the installation Measure the walls or ceiling you plan to cover and consider how the width of the roll you’ve chosen will work in the space. 18 , but if you have a large-scale pattern, try to make sure the center of that pattern is right where you want it. Similarly, try to avoid placing the roll in such a way that you end up having to use thin scraps (小块) of wallpaper in the corners of the room.Prepare the wall 19 . If your wall has many minor imperfections, you may want to use blank wallpaper to help smooth things out. If your wall has lumps and bumps, holes or a thick texture, those problems will be visible on the surface of the paper if you don’t correct them before installation. Popped nail-heads should be hammered flat, and holes should be filled. 20 With all the decisions made, it’s time to stick the wallpaper up with glue. You may hire a professional installer, but you can hang the wallpaper yourself. Once the wallpaper is hung, don’t be afraid to hang decorative pictures. A．Stick it up B．It’s not worth fixing the wall C．Decorate the room with pictures D．Small-scale patterns provide flexibility E．Wallpaper isn’t a fix for damaged or uneven walls F．Not all rooms are good candidates for wallpapering G．Another option is wallpapering the ceiling instead of the walls ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高考英语一轮复习 专题6：形容词和副词 核心考点精讲精练（解析版） 【考点梳理】 形容词主要作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，可以用来修饰名词、代词等，也可以单独使用。对应单词为adjective，缩写为adj.，常翻译为“......的”，位置可以是在名词前，也可以在代词之后或系动词之后等。形式上除了本身为形容词的，常见还有会加前缀a-及后缀-y/-ful/-al/-en/-ent/-ive/-ish/-ous/-ly等的形容词以及一词多性的形容词。 副词主要是作状语、表语、宾语补足语等的作用，对应单词为adverb，缩写为adv.，常翻译为“......地”或“得.....”，形式上除了本身是副词外，多以-ly后缀结尾或形副同形的。根据作用，副词常分为时间副词、地点副词、程度副词、关系副词、疑问副词、方式副词、频度副词等。 考点一 形容词的构成与句法功能 一、形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 二、词形转换的具体总结 形容词后缀 1．形容词后缀-able (1)能……的；可……的 accept→acceptable　　　可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担得起的 rely→reliable 可信赖的，可依靠的 change→changeable 易变的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 believe→believable 可相信的 (2)具有……的特点 enjoy→enjoyable令人愉快的 suit→suitable 合适的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 reason→reasonable合理的 value→valuable有价值的 knowledge→knowledgeable有丰富知识的，博学的 2．形容词后缀-ful/-less cheer→cheerful兴高采烈的 doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 thought→thoughtful周到的；深思的 peace→peaceful和平的 success→successful成功的 regret→regretful后悔的 harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的 help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的；无能的 hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的 use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的；无效的 power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的 meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的 3．形容词后缀-ive/-ative act→active积极的；活跃的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意义的 create→creative创造性的 progress→progressive进步的 talk→talkative健谈的（别忘了字母a） effect→effective有效的 4．形容词后缀-ous（ous还是ious一定要记清楚） continue→continuous不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 danger→dangerous危险的 humor→humorous幽默的 mountain→mountainous多山的 poison→poisonous有毒的 ambition→ambitious有野心的 religion→religious宗教的 space→spacious 宽敞的；广阔的 5．形容词后缀-ble/-ible horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的；糟糕的 vision→visible看得见的 access→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的 6．形容词后缀-y fog→foggy多雾的 taste→tasty美味的；可口的 luck→lucky幸运的 health→healthy健康的 dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的 greed→greedy贪婪的 sun→sunny阳光明媚的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的 7．形容词后缀-al/-ial culture→cultural文化的 agriculture→agricultural农业的 practice→practical实际的 music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 person→personal个人的；私人的 center→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 tradition→traditional传统的 option→optional可选择的，选修的 profession→professional专业的；职业的 benefit→beneficial有益的 face→facial面部的（看起来很简单但很容易错） industry→industrial工业的 finance→financial金融的 8．形容词后缀-ic science→scientific科学的 economy→economic经济的 history→historic历史上著名的 history→historical具有重大历史意义的 energy→energetic精力充沛的 class→classic经典的 9．形容词后缀-en wood→wooden木制的 gold→golden金色的 wool→wool(l)en羊毛的 10．形容词后缀-ly dead→deadly致命的 live→lively活跃的 friend→friendly友好的 year→yearly每年的 month→monthly每月的 week→weekly每周的 day→daily每日的；日常的 cost→costly昂贵的 order→orderly有次序的 三、 形容词的功能 在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。 He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。 It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。 ■名师点津 (1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 Light­hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.　她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。 (2)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。 2．副词的基本用法 (1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 (2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established. 狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。 ■名师点津 有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。 (安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.　谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 （2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her. 高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) →出处→材料性质→类别→名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 五、 形容词、副词辨析 形容词副词的区别及用法 1. late 和later He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。 Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。 2. pleased, pleasing与pleasant （1）pleased的含义是“感到满意，高兴”，后常跟介词at, with。例如： I'm pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。 She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。 （2）pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”，相当于“giving pleasure”。例如： My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。 The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。 （3）pleasant表示“快乐的，愉快的”。例如： The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。 To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。 3. living, alive与live （1）living作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如： Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。 My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。 （2）alive译为“活着的”，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如： He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。 Is that sheep dead or alive? 那头羊是死了还是活着？ （3）alive还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如： You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。 （4）live表示“活着的”，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。 The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。 4. worth，worthy与worthwhile （1）worth意为“值得的”，后接v-ing形式，构成“be worth doing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数； （2）worthy意为“值得的”，后接“of+名词（或being+过去分词）”，构成“be worthy of+名词（或being done）”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。 （3）be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如： This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。 This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。 5. too、also、either too和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。 Are they coming too ? 他们也来吗? She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。 He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。 6. likely与possible, probable likely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。 7. most 与mostly most做形容词或代词，如：most students, most of us；mostly为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。如： 即时检测： 1．By now medical workers had arrived, and were looking after the (injure). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此时，医务人员已经赶到，正在照顾伤员。the injured为固定搭配，表示“伤员”，故填injured。 2．The study showed a deep fear among the (elder) of being abandoned to the care of strangers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】elderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这项研究表明，老年人对被遗弃给陌生人照顾深感恐惧。句中the+形容词表示“一类人”相当于名词复数，the elderly意为“老年人”。故填elderly。 3．To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is （suit）for both children and adults. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查短语。总之，超级无敌掌门狗是一部令人惊奇的电影，大人小孩都适合。设空前为be动词is要使用形容词，短语be suitable for意为适合......，故填suitable。 4．We must keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay (energy) and fit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们必须保持规律的作息时间，并进行大量的锻炼以保持精力充沛和健康。分析句子可知，stay是系动词，其后需接形容词作表语，energy的形容词形式是energetic。故填energetic。 5．When we couldn’t wear (fashion) clothes, we never blamed our mother. 【答案】fashionable 【详解】句意：当我们不能穿时尚的衣服时，我们从不责怪我们的母亲。该空修饰名词clothes，用形容词，所以填fashionable。 考点二 副词的构成与句法功能 一、副词的构词规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加­ly) 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：whole→wholly) 词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例) 词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 二、副词的句法功能 副词是一种词类，常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词在句子中用作状语时，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置；副词在句子中作表语时位于系动词之后；副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面；副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法，应牢记和熟练掌握。 具体解读 (1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 ①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging. 登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。 ②[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently. 此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。 ③[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。 (2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”； moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”； besides“另外，还有”； however“然而”； instead“相反，代替”； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”； otherwise“否则”。 The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。 The house was too expensive and too big. Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house. 这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。 三、形容词和副词的辨析 1. early，alone, enough, fast, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight, (表示方位) left, right, back, front, (表示数量) little, much He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.他总是起床很早，因为他知道早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(前者为副词，作状语；后者为形容词，作定语) He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.他喜欢一个人，总是单独外出。(前者为形容词，作表语；后者为副词，作状语) 2. hard, very, past, still, well, that, this等 Hard work leads to success.努力工作通向成功。(为形容词作定语，意为“艰苦的，努力的”) Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.在党的领导下，人民努力工作。(为副词作状语，意为“努力地”) Stand still while I take a photo of you.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。(为形容词作表语，意为“不动的；静止的”) Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.尽管半夜了，我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状语，意为“仍然”) 3.既可作形容词又可作副词且有­ly表抽象概念(有­ly)的词 情况 形容词 副词（抽象含义） deep 深的 The hole is deep.这个洞很深。 深地；在深处 He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。 deeply 深深地；深刻地 He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。 wide 宽阔的；宽的 The river is 10 meters wide. 关阔地；充分地 Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。 widely 广泛地 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。 high 高的 高；向高处He jumps high.他跳的很高。 highly 高度地；非常 He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。 close 近的；亲密的；仔细的 He is my close friend. 他是我关系很好的朋友。 挨着；接近 Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。 closely 密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。 4．有无­ly意义大不相同的形容词和副词 hard与hardly He works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。(副词，意为“努力地”) The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了，我简直不敢相信这是真的。(副词，意为“几乎不”) sharp与sharply It was twelve o'clock sharp.现在12点整了。(副词，意为“整点，恰好”) “Don't talk nonsense”， she said sharply. “别胡扯”，她严厉地说。(副词，意为“严厉地”) fair与fairly One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.一个人要学会努力奋斗，但要公平奋斗，赢而不骄，输而不失风度。(副词，意为“公平地”) It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。(副词，意为“相当，很”) near与nearly May Day is drawing near.五一即将到来。(副词，意为“在附近；不久以后”) My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近60岁，他教得很好。(副词，意为“几乎，将近”) short与shortly Paper is running short.纸快用完了。(副词，意为“短缺地”) He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。(副词，意为“不久”) most与mostly What struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。(副词，much的最高级，意为“最”) It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。(形容词，意为“很；十分；极其”) They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词，意为“大部分地，主要地”) 即时检测： 6．He claimed that he was but there was no evidence to prove his . (innocent) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 innocent innocence 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：他声称自己是无辜的，但没有证据证明他的清白。第一空位于系动词was之后，故用形容词innocent作表语，意为“无辜的”。第二空位于形容词性物主代词his之后，因此需要填入名词，innocent的名词为innocence，意为“清白，无辜”，不可数，作动词prove的宾语。故填①innocent；②innocence。 7．Mr. Brooke is an (extreme) kind and generous man. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：布鲁克先生是一个非常善良和慷慨的人。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词kind和generous，应用副词extremely意为“极其，非常”，作状语。故填extremely。 8． (general) speaking, the weather here is neither hot nor cold. 【答案】Generally 【详解】考查副词。句意：一般来说，这里的天气既不热也不冷。此处修饰动词speaking，应使用副词Generally作状语。首字母大写。故填Generally。 9． (similar), driving over the speed limit or after (consume) alcohol increases the likelihood of traffic accidents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 Similarly consuming 【详解】考查副词和动名词。句意：同样，超速驾驶或饮酒后也会增加发生交通事故的可能性。由句意空①应填副词similarly，位于句首，作状语，修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，首字母需大写 ；由空②前的driving over the speed limit or after以及空后的alcohol可知空②应填动名词形式consuming，作after的宾语。故空①答案为Similarly，空②答案为consuming。 10．You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside, not on the inside. , like a book, your contents are much more important than your cover. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】However 【详解】考查副词。句意：你可能经常用外在的东西来评价自己，而不是内在的。然而，就像一本书，你的内容比你的封面重要得多。空格处表示转折关系，应用副词however表示这种关系。故填However。 考点三 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。 ②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。 ③倍数表达法： •A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B •A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B •A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B ④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。 ⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。 易错点：1．少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest easy→easier→easiest simple→simpler→simplest 2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。 这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。 3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。 good/well→better→best bad/ill→worse→worst many/much→more→most little→less→least old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上) far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上) 4．比较级的基本用法 (1)同级比较 ①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……” Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else. 因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。 ②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as... I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today. 今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2)比较级比较 “形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。 I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it. 我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。 5．比较级的特殊用法 ①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。 ②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. 这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。 ③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。 Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer. 这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。 6．比较级形式表示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。 ①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数 ②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数 ③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else ④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数 ⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。 China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。 No man is better than you in the world. 人世间没有人比你好。 I haven’t read a more interesting novel. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。 7．最高级的基本用法 (1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. ＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。 即时检测： 11．It’s just what I wanted, and I can’t expect a (good) gift. 【答案】better 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这正是我想要的，我不能期待更好的礼物了。句中否定和比较级连用表达最高级的含义，故设空处使用good的比较级better作定语。故填better。 12．If you follow these steps and put your (good) foot forward in your interview, you will be one step closer to reaching the end of the rainbow and (obtain) your dream job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 best obtaining 【详解】考查最高级和非谓语动词。句意：如果你遵循这些步骤，在面试中表现出最好的一面，你就离彩虹的尽头和得到你梦想的工作更近了一步。put one’s best foot forward“全力以赴，尽最大努力”，固定短语；第二空和reaching并列作介词to的宾语，使用动名词。故填①best；②obtaining。 13．The (generous) people spend money, the more likely they are to face money problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more generously 【详解】考查副词比较级。句意：人们花钱越大方，他们越有可能面临金钱问题。“the + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”，表示“越……越……”。本空修饰动词spend，用副词形式，所给词generous是形容词，其副词形式为generously“慷慨地”，比较级为more generously。故填more generously。 14．During an interview, Professor Hawking warned that AI (人工智能) would soon reach a level where it would be a “new form of life” that would perform (well) than humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】better 【详解】考查副词比较级。句意：在一次采访中，霍金教授警告说，人工智能将很快达到一个比人类表现更好的“新生命形式”的水平。根据语境及空后的than可知，此处表示比人类表现得更好。空处应填well的比较级better“更好”，作状语，修饰动词perform。故填better。 15．Divided into five sections, the long-running show is aimed to offer art collectors and the general public alike an opportunity to learn about China’s modern, contemporary print art and (far) explore the market value of prints, according to Liu Zehui, the person in charge of the show. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】further 【详解】考查副词。句意：据展览负责人刘泽辉介绍，这场长期举办的展览分为五个部分，旨在为艺术收藏家和公众提供一个了解中国现当代版画艺术的机会，并进一步探索版画的市场价值。根据句意可知，此处指更进一步探索版画的市场价值。所以空处需要far的比较级further，在此处修饰动词explore，意为“进一步”。farther指时间或空间上更远，故此处不可用farther。故填further。 【达标训练】 语法填空 1．Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of (commerce) exploitation of forests. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】commercial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：智利的自然资源保护主义者担心商业开发森林的影响。此处为形容词作定语修饰exploitation of forests，commerce的形容词为commercial意为“商业的”符合句意。故填commercial。 2．We go and do the (week) shopping every Thursday.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】weekly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们每周四去购物。所给词是名词week，表示“周”，此处需要用形容词形式修饰shopping，表示“每周的”，故填weekly。 3． (individual) inventors contributed significantly to technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Individual 【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意：个体发明家在工业革命期间对技术进步做出了重要贡献。空格后的inventors表明，此处填形容词，individual为形容词词性，因位于句首，首字母大写。故填Individual。 4． (individual) leaders often made pivotal decisions that changed the course of history. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Individual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：个别领导人经常做出改变历史进程的关键决定。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词leaders，individual可作形容词，意为“个别的”，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Individual。 5．The (individual) experiences of immigrants enriched the cultural fabric of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】individual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：移民的个人经历丰富了这个国家的文化结构。设空处修饰名词experiences，应用形容词作定语。故填individual。 6． (individual) artists left a lasting impact on the art world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Individual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：个别艺术家对艺术界产生了持久的影响。修饰名词artists应用形容词individual，作定语，句子首字母大写。故填Individual。 7．Regular exercise is (benefit) to mental health by reducing stress and improving mood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：经常锻炼有利于心理健康，可以减轻压力，改善情绪。空处作表语，benefit的形容词形式beneficial符合题意，意为“有利的，有益的”，短语be beneficial to意为“有利于，有益于”。故填beneficial。 8．The museum staff are (sense) to the need for preserving artifacts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sensitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：博物馆的工作人员对保存文物的需求很敏感。空处作表语，形容词sensitive“敏感的”符合题意，短语be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。 9．For those with family members far away the personal computer and the phone are important in keeping (connect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】connected 【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于那些家庭成员离得很远的人来说，个人电脑和电话是保持联系的重要手段。作表语，应用形容词connected。故填connected。 10．Being (embarrass) about your past actions can prevent you from moving forward. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】embarrassed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：对过去的行为感到尴尬会阻碍你前进。此处作表语，表示“感到尴尬”应用形容词embarrassed。故填embarrassed。 11．With the lights , the room was pitch black. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】off 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：关灯后，房间一片漆黑。此处为with复合结构中的一种：with+宾语+副词，表示“（灯）关着”用副词off。故填off。 12．He plays the violin (classical) and has won several competitions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】classically 【详解】考查副词。句意：他演奏的小提琴很典雅，赢得了几次比赛。空处应用副词，修饰plays。classically意为“正规地，经典地，典雅地”。故填classically。 13．She trained (classical) in ballet from a young age.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】classically 【详解】考查副词。句意：她从小就接受古典芭蕾的训练。修饰动词train应用副词classically，故填classically。 14．The students listened (eager) to the professor’s lecture on ancient history. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】eagerly 【详解】考查副词。句意：学生们热切地听教授关于古代历史的讲座。空处应用副词，修饰listened。eagerly意为“热切地，渴望地”。故填eagerly。 15．Seeing the recovery of an endangered species (emotion) moves conservationists who have worked tirelessly for their protection. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】emotionally 【详解】考查副词。句意：看到濒危物种的恢复，让那些为保护它们而不知疲倦地工作的环保主义者感动不已。空处应用副词，作状语，修饰空后动词moves，emotion为名词，对应的形容词为emotional，对应的副词为emotionally。故填emotionally。 16．She gave away the secret (accident) due to panic. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accidentally 【详解】考查副词。句意：由于恐慌，她不小心泄露了秘密。空处修饰空前的动词gave，应该用副词修饰，accident的副词形式是accidentally意为“意外地”。故填accidentally。 17．If you want to keep fit, you can exercise (regular) in a gym. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】regularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：如果你想保持健康，你可以定期去健身房锻炼。空处作修饰动词exercise的状语，应用regular的副词形式regularly，意为“定期地”。故填regularly。 18．The children looked at me (curious), asking where I came from. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】curiously 【详解】考查副词。句意：孩子们好奇地看着我，问我是从哪里来的。此处为副词作状语修饰动词，curious的副词为curiously意为“好奇地”符合句意。故填curiously。 19．Visitors to the festival are (mental) stimulated by the wide range of performances and exhibits. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】mentally 【详解】考查副词。句意：各种各样的表演和展品使参加节日的游客兴奋不已。设空处修饰动词，应用副词作状语，故填mentally。 20． (hope) we can find a way of solving this problem. 【答案】Hopefully 【详解】考查副词。句意：希望我们能够找到方法解决这个问题。句子结构完整，用副词修饰整个句子，hopefully副词，有希望地。故填hopefully 。 21．Susan, a biology student has a keen interest in wildlife and would like to know how people and wildlife can co-exist (peaceful) in an area. 【答案】peacefully 【详解】考查副词。句意：苏珊是一名生物学专业的学生，她对野生动物非常感兴趣，她想知道人类和野生动物如何在一个地区和平共处。分析句子可知所给词用来修饰co-exist这个动词，要用副词修饰动词，故填peacefully。 22．This kind of gloves are (slight) more expensive but they last a lot longer. 【答案】slightly 【详解】考查副词。句意：这种手套稍微贵一点，但寿命要长得多。修饰形容词more expensive，用副词形式，slightly意为“稍微”。所以填slightly。 23．A (balance) approach to urban planning ensures that new developments do not harm cultural heritage sites. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】balanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一种平衡的城市规划方法确保新开发项目不会损害文化遗产地。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词approach，表示“平衡的”用balanced。故填balanced。 24．He is (determine) to take good care of his parents from now on. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他决心从今以后要好好照顾他的父母。设空处接在be动词后，应用形容词作表语，根据提示可知是determined，意为“下定决心的”，故填determined。 25．We were expecting to win, so a draw (平局) was a (disappoint) result for us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】disappointing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们本以为会赢，所以平局对我们来说是一个令人失望的结果。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰result，指物，所以用-ing形式的形容词disappointing，意为“令人失望的”。故填disappointing。 【能力提升】 阅读理解 A Two Special MuseumsBarbed (有刺的) Wire Museum Is this the strangest museum of all? One thing’s for sure— you won’t want to touch the handiwork on display! Invented by Joseph Glidden in 1874, this type of wire fencing quickly turned into a multi- million- dollar industry. Where farmers once let their animals wander freely across the prairies (草地), this wire now enabled land to be sectioned— and that in turn, changed the face of the“ Wild West”! Opened in 1971, the museum displays over 2,000 varieties of barbed wire, as well as tools and equipment used in fencing. Who would come here? The thousands of barbed wire fans across the world, it seems!The Salt and Pepper Shaker Museum Opened in 2001, the owners of this small museum in Tennessee, USA are serious collectors! Their museum houses over 20,000 different salt and pepper shakers, some of which date back thousands of years! With shakers shaped as astronauts, chickens, monks, letters and cute puppies, you will be amazed at the enormous variety on show! And while you look through their packed shelves, you also get to learn the rather interesting history behind salt and pepper. One salt shaker the Ludden family don’t have in their museum is the Cellini Salt Cellar. This was presented to Francis I, King of France, in 1543 and was made from pure gold and it’s worth an amazing €50 million! 1．When was barbed wire fencing invented? A．In 1874. B．In 1971. C．In 2001. D．In 1543. 2．What can we do in the Salt and Pepper Shaker Museum? A．Take photos with astronauts. B．Use different kinds of shakers. C．Learn history about salt and pepper. D．Admire a shaker once used by Francis I. 3．What do the two museums have in common? A．They show something famous. B．They show something unusual. C．They show something popular. D．They show something helpful. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了两个特殊的博物馆——带刺铁丝网博物馆和盐和胡椒瓶博物馆。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Invented by Joseph Glidden in 1874, this type of wire fencing quickly turned into a multi- million- dollar industry.(由约瑟夫·格利登于1874年发明，这种类型的铁丝围栏很快变成了一个价值数百万美元的产业)”可知，铁丝网围栏发明于 1874年。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“And while you look through their packed shelves, you also get to learn the rather interesting history behind salt and pepper.(当你浏览它们的货架时，你也会了解到盐和胡椒背后相当有趣的历史)”可知，我们可以在这家博物馆中了解盐和胡椒的历史。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Is this the strangest museum of all? One thing’s for sure— you won’t want to touch the handiwork on display!(这是最奇怪的博物馆吗？有一件事是肯定的——你不会想碰这些展出的手工作品的！)”以及倒数第三段“Their museum houses over 20,000 different salt and pepper shakers, some of which date back thousands of years!(他们的博物馆收藏了超过20,000个不同的盐和胡椒瓶，其中一些可以追溯到几千年前！)”可知，文中介绍的两个博物馆都很不一般。故选B。 B Finns love to read: It’s their favorite thing to do in their time off. The country is a little smaller than Montana, but its library network is larger, with hundreds of central libraries, branch libraries and mobile libraries. I was two years old when my family set foot in Finland. We settled in Porvoo, a small city of around 50,000 people about an hour away from the capital, Helsinki. One thing it didn’t have were books in my family’s language—my first language, Albanian. I can’t say that I was ever encouraged to pick up a book. But once I learned how to read Finnish, I never stopped, becoming a frequent sight at the small school library. I was 10 years old when the new building of the main library of Porvoo opened its doors to the public. When I visited for the first time, I was so in awe that I cried. I rarely, however, borrowed a book. Perhaps I was just scared that something would happen to the books if they were somewhere they didn’t seem to belong. But unlike the real world, books never distressed me—even crime, horror and thriller titles—and I read everything. I spent as much time as I could in the new library—falling in love with books and stories and the Finnish language; gaining confidence as a speaker; and dreaming of writing a book of my own one day, slowly growing from a reader to a writer. 4．What problem did the author meet with arriving in Finland? A．He had few friends to make with. B．He felt discouraged to read a book. C．He couldn’t read books in Finnish. D．He couldn’t find available libraries. 5．What can be inferred about the newly-built library of Porvoo? A．It took a decade to build. B．It never failed to impress C．It received the most readers. D．It aroused readers’ creativity. 6．Which is closest in meaning to “distressed” in paragraph 4? A．Worried. B．Drew. C．Satisfied. D．Surprised. 7．What’s the best title for the text? A．Experience Cultures of Finland B．Recall Old Days in Albania C．Pursue My Dreams in Helsinki D．Read My Way Through Porvoo 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家来到波尔沃定居，作者通过阅读来融入当地的生活的经历。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“One thing it didn’t have were books in my family’s language—my first language, Albanian. I can’t say that I was ever encouraged to pick up a book. But once I learned how to read Finnish, I never stopped, becoming a frequent sight at the small school library.(有一样东西是没有的，那就是用我的母语阿尔巴尼亚语写的书。我不能说我曾经被鼓励去拿起一本书。但是，一旦我学会了如何阅读芬兰语，我就再也没有停下来，成为学校小图书馆的常客)”可知，作者到达芬兰时看不懂芬兰语的书。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“It was the most beautiful thing I had ever seen: endless shelves carrying tens of thousands of books, records, movies, magazines and newspapers. And the best part was that everything was free. I couldn’t understand how that was possible. All these books, these worlds, this information —free of charge? Really?(这是我见过的最美的东西：无数的架子上放着成千上万的书籍、唱片、电影、杂志和报纸。最棒的是一切都是免费的。我不明白这怎么可能。所有这些书，这些世界，这些信息都是免费的吗？真的吗？)”可知，波尔沃新建的图书馆总是给人留下深刻的印象。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Perhaps I was just scared that something would happen to the books if they were somewhere they didn’t seem to belong.(也许我只是害怕，如果这些书出现在它们似乎不属于的地方，会发生什么事情)”以及后文“even crime, horror and thriller titles—and I read everything”可知，上文提到了作者担心书籍出现在不属于它们的地方会发生什么事情，结合“But unlike the real world”中but表示转折，说明但与现实世界不同的是，书从来不会让我担心——即使是犯罪、恐怖和惊悚类的书——作者什么书都读。故划线词意思是“担心”。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“I was 10 years old when the new building of the main library of Porvoo opened its doors to the public. When I visited for the first time, I was so in awe that I cried.(当波尔沃主图书馆的新楼向公众开放时，我才10岁。当我第一次去参观的时候，我被吓哭了)”结合文章主要讲述了作者一家来到波尔沃定居，作者通过阅读来融入当地的生活的经历。可知，D选项“在波尔沃一路阅读”最符合文章标题。故选D。 C Smart glasses that send out a sound when an object comes into their field of view could help people who are blind to locate certain items. Blind people can be trained to move via echolocation (回声定位). This involves them sending out a noise that bounces off objects around them, with the returning echoes giving information about their surrounding area. Inspired by this ability, Howe Zhu at the University of Technology Sydney in Australia and his colleagues wanted to create glasses that similarly give people information about what objects are close to them. The researchers first took a pair of AR glasses with two front-facing cameras and built-in speakers. They then designed a smartphone app that used deep learning to process the visual information captured by the glasses to identify four objects: a bowl, cup, book and bottle. The team programmed a sound to play from the speakers when one of the objects came into the glasses’ field of view as a wearer scanned their head around a room. Each of the objects was assigned a connected sound. For example, when a book came into view, the wearer heard a page turning. To test the glasses, the team enlisted seven people with varying degrees of light sense and seven people with no sight issues who were blindfolded. They sat at a table with the four objects arranged on top. When asked to pick up one of the objects, the participants who were either blind or had low vision were able to do so correctly 81%of the time, compared with a 73% success rate for the blindfolded participants. The researchers now hope to develop this technology to recognize more objects and to allow people to use it while they are walking around. 8．Why does Howe Zhu develop smart glasses? A．To identify the nearby items. B．To confirm the returning echoes. C．To enhance the traffic safety level. D．To test the function of ordinary glasses. 9．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The outcome of the experiment. B．The process of the experiment. C．The importance of the experiment. D．The purpose of the experiment. 10．What can be learned about Howe Zhu’s smart glasses? A．Participants prefer wearing them. B．Researchers doubt their functions. C．They benefit those with low vision. D．They catalogue different information. 11．What column of a website is the text taken? A．Education. B．Culture. C．Amusement. D．Technology. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Howe Zhu和他的同事们制造一种智能眼镜，来帮助人们识别附近的物品。介绍了研发的过程以及眼镜的功效。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inspired by this ability, Howe Zhu at the University of Technology Sydney in Australia and his colleagues wanted to create glasses that similarly give people information about what objects are close to them.(受到这种能力的启发，澳大利亚悉尼科技大学的Howe Zhu和他的同事们想要制造一种眼镜，这种眼镜同样可以向人们提供关于他们附近物体的信息)”可知，Howe Zhu研发智能眼镜是为了识别附近的物品。故选A。 9．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The researchers first took a pair of AR glasses with two front-facing cameras and built-in speakers. They then designed a smartphone app that used deep learning to process the visual information captured by the glasses to identify four objects: a bowl, cup, book and bottle. The team programmed a sound to play from the speakers when one of the objects came into the glasses’ field of view as a wearer scanned their head around a room. Each of the objects was assigned a connected sound. For example, when a book came into view, the wearer heard a page turning.(研究人员首先拿了一副带有两个前置摄像头和内置扬声器的增强现实眼镜。然后，他们设计了一款智能手机应用程序，该应用程序使用深度学习来处理眼镜捕获的视觉信息，以识别四种物体:碗、杯子、书和瓶子。当一个物体进入眼镜的视野时，当佩戴者在房间里扫描他们的头部时，该团队就会从扬声器中播放声音。每个物体都被分配了一个相连的声音。例如，当一本书进入视野时，佩戴者会听到翻页的声音)”可知，第三段的重点是实验的过程。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When asked to pick up one of the objects, the participants who were either blind or had low vision were able to do so correctly 81%of the time, compared with a 73% success rate for the blindfolded participants.(当被要求拿起其中一件物品时，失明或视力低下的参与者的正确率为81%，而蒙眼参与者的正确率为73%)”可知，Howe Zhu的智能眼镜有利于视力低下的人。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段“Inspired by this ability, Howe Zhu at the University of Technology Sydney in Australia and his colleagues wanted to create glasses that similarly give people information about what objects are close to them.(受到这种能力的启发，澳大利亚悉尼科技大学的Howe Zhu和他的同事们想要制造一种眼镜，这种眼镜同样可以向人们提供关于他们附近物体的信息)”结合文章主要说明了Howe Zhu和他的同事们制造一种智能眼镜，来帮助人们识别附近的物品。介绍了研发的过程以及眼镜的功效。可知，文章选自科技栏目，故选D。 D There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads. The first is a fleet of blue trolleybuses that serve bus route number 20, a line set up by a British-run transport company in 1928. They use poles to receive electricity from wires overhead and have kept the route running in this way for nearly a century. But while the historic electric buses are a reminder of Europe’s past technological innovation, the new buses traveling alongside them are symbols of China’s contemporary net-zero ambition. These modern electric buses powered by lithium batteries (锂电池), were introduced in Shanghai in 2014. They offer a smoother ride, especially during starts and stops. Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation. The most recent data available shows that China in 2018 was still the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the global transport sector, responsible for 11%, and behind only the United States, which accounted for 21%. After around two decades of government support, China now boasts the world’s largest market for e-buses, making up more than 95% of global stock. At the end of 2022, China’s Ministry of Transport announced that more than three-quarters (77% or 542, 600) of all urban buses in the country were new energy vehicles. The speed of this transition was remarkable. So far, however, the Chinese cities with the most successful e-bus introduction — such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai — all have moderate weather and are relatively flat. To take its e-bus campaign to the next level, China faces challenges. For one thing, it is difficult to bring fleets to cities such as Hong Kong, which — like London — have double-deckers. These two-storeyed vehicles are “very hard” to electrify, because they are heavier, use more energy, and so need bigger batteries, reducing the number of passengers they can carry. Cold weather is a problem, too, as it can make a battery’s charging time longer and its range shorter. The reason China has not achieved 100% electrification for its buses is its northern regions, which have cold winters, says Xue Lulu, a transportation expert at the World Resources Institute China. 12．How does the author describe the two types of electric buses in the first paragraph? A．By contrasting their historical significance and technological advancements. B．By highlighting their roles in protecting the environment and lasting use. C．By focusing merely on their technical details and performance. D．By explaining their operational challenges and requirements. 13．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly show? A．The global impact of carbon dioxide emissions. B．The progress of China in reducing CO2 emissions. C．The different emission levels of China and the USA． D．The need for more government support in e-bus market. 14．What factor contributes to the slow adoption of electric buses in China’s northern regions? A．Poor winter weather conditions. B．Lack of transportation experts. C．Short charging time of the battery. D．Heavier and bigger bus bodies. 15．Which column is the text most probably taken from? A．Business B．Culture. C．Technology D．Earth. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了中国电动公交车的取得的巨大进步，保护了环境，减少了碳排放量。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads. …Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation.(南京西路是上海最繁忙的道路之一，有两种不同类型的电动公交车在南京西路行驶。第一个是行驶20号线路的蓝色无轨电车车队，这条线路是1928年由一家英国运输公司设立的。他们用电线杆从头顶的电线上接收电力，并以这种方式保持了近一个世纪的运行。然而，尽管这些历史悠久的电动巴士让人想起了欧洲过去的技术创新，但与它们一起行驶的新巴士却象征着中国当代的零净雄心。这些由锂电池驱动的现代电动巴士于2014年在上海推出。它们提供了更平稳的驾驶，特别是在启动和停止时。这些公交车在中国广泛使用，是中国电动汽车转型的关键，并正在影响全球向绿色交通的转变。)”可推断，作者通过对比它们的历史意义和技术进步描述了这两种类型的电动巴士。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The most recent data available shows that China in 2018 was still the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the global transport sector, responsible for 11%, and behind only the United States, which accounted for 21%. After around two decades of government support, China now boasts the world’s largest market for e-buses, making up more than 95% of global stock. At the end of 2022, China’s Ministry of Transport announced that more than three-quarters（77% or 542, 600）of all urban buses in the country were new energy vehicles. The speed of this transition was remarkable.(最新数据显示，2018年，中国仍是全球交通运输部门二氧化碳排放的第二大来源，占11%，仅次于美国的21%。经过大约20年的政府支持，中国现在拥有世界上最大的电动公交车市场，占全球电动公交车库存的95%以上。2022年底，中国交通运输部宣布，全国超过四分之三（77%或542, 600辆）的城市公交车是新能源汽车。这种转变的速度是惊人的。)”可知，这些数字表明2018年中国的交通运输碳排放还是比较严重的，20年的努力后，电动公交车占全球公交车库存的95%以上，城市公交车又大约542600辆是新能源，因此推断这些数字说明了中国在减少碳排放方面取得的巨大进展。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The reason China has not achieved 100% electrification for its buses is its northern regions, which have cold winters, says Xue Lulu, a transportation expert at the World Resources Institute China.(世界资源研究所（World Resources Institute China）交通专家薛璐璐说，中国没有实现公交车100%电动化的原因是北方地区冬季寒冷。)”可知，导致中国北方地区电动公交车采用缓慢的原因是天气寒冷。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段的“There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads.(南京西路是上海最繁忙的道路之一，有两种不同类型的电动公交车在南京西路行驶。)”和“Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation.(这些公交车在中国广泛使用，是中国电动汽车转型的关键，并正在影响全球向绿色交通的转变。)”以及最后一段的“So far, however, the Chinese cities with the most successful e-bus introduction — such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai — all have moderate weather and are relatively flat. To take its e-bus campaign to the next level, China faces challenges.(然而，到目前为止，引进电动公交车最成功的中国城市——如深圳、北京和上海——都是气候温和、地势相对平坦的城市。要让电动公交车运动更上一层台阶，中国面临着挑战。)”可知，本文主要讲述了中国电动公交车的现状。应属于科技栏目。故选C。 七选五 Here’s How to Use Wallpaper Wallpaper is a powerful design tool that can transform a room. Here are tips to see how it’s done.Where should the wallpaper go? The first step is figuring out where you’re going to hang the wallpaper. Keep in mind: 16 . Smaller, darker spaces are the best places to hang wallpaper. Larger rooms with great light and beautiful views are often better left alone. Once you’ve settled on a room, your decisions aren’t over. Where exactly in that room should you hang the paper? A typical installation involves covering all four walls. 17 .Measure and plan the installation Measure the walls or ceiling you plan to cover and consider how the width of the roll you’ve chosen will work in the space. 18 , but if you have a large-scale pattern, try to make sure the center of that pattern is right where you want it. Similarly, try to avoid placing the roll in such a way that you end up having to use thin scraps (小块) of wallpaper in the corners of the room.Prepare the wall 19 . If your wall has many minor imperfections, you may want to use blank wallpaper to help smooth things out. If your wall has lumps and bumps, holes or a thick texture, those problems will be visible on the surface of the paper if you don’t correct them before installation. Popped nail-heads should be hammered flat, and holes should be filled. 20 With all the decisions made, it’s time to stick the wallpaper up with glue. You may hire a professional installer, but you can hang the wallpaper yourself. Once the wallpaper is hung, don’t be afraid to hang decorative pictures. A．Stick it up B．It’s not worth fixing the wall C．Decorate the room with pictures D．Small-scale patterns provide flexibility E．Wallpaper isn’t a fix for damaged or uneven walls F．Not all rooms are good candidates for wallpapering G．Another option is wallpapering the ceiling instead of the walls 【答案】16．F 17．G 18．D 19．E 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用墙纸的方法，包括选择合适的房间、做好测量和安装计划、处理墙面以及粘贴。 16．前文“The first step is figuring out where you’re going to hang the wallpaper. Keep in mind (第一步是找出你要把墙纸贴在哪里。记住)”指出选择合适贴墙纸的房间，后文“Smaller, darker spaces are the best places to hang wallpaper. Larger rooms with great light and beautiful views are often better left alone. (较小、较暗的空间是贴墙纸的最佳场所。光线充足、景色优美的大房间最好不要贴墙纸)”说明哪种房间适合贴墙纸，哪种不适合，因此F项“Not all rooms are good candidates for wallpapering (并不是所有的房间都适合贴墙纸)”符合语境，提醒墙纸并非适用于所有房间，承上启下。故选F。 17．前文“Where exactly in that room should you hang the paper? A typical installation involves covering all four walls. (你应该把墙纸贴在房间的什么地方？典型的安装包括覆盖所有四面墙)”提到选择房间内贴墙纸的位置，一种是贴满四面墙，因此G项“Another option is wallpapering the ceiling instead of the walls (另一个选择是在天花板上贴墙纸，而不是墙壁)”符合语境，指出另一种是把墙纸贴天花板上，承接前文。故选G。 18．后文“but if you have a large-scale pattern, try to make sure the center of that pattern is right where you want it. (但是如果你有一个大规模的图案，试着确保图案的中心在你想要的位置)”有转折，提到使用大规模的图案的注意事项，因此D项“Small-scale patterns provide flexibility (小规模图案提供灵活性)”符合语境，说明使用小规模图案的好处，Small-scale patterns和a large-scale pattern形成对比。故选D。 19．本段小标题“Prepare the wall (准备墙面)”表明本段与墙面的情况有关，后文“If your wall has many minor imperfections, you may want to use blank wallpaper to help smooth things out. If your wall has lumps and bumps, holes or a thick texture, those problems will be visible on the surface of the paper if you don’t correct them before installation. Popped nail-heads should be hammered flat, and holes should be filled. (如果你的墙壁有许多小瑕疵，你可能想要使用空白壁纸来使之变得平滑。如果你的墙面有肿块、凸起、孔洞或较厚的纹理，如果你在安装前不加以纠正，这些问题就会在纸的表面显现出来。凸起的钉头应钉平，孔应填满)”建议贴墙纸前需要把墙面的一些问题处理好，因此E项“Wallpaper isn’t a fix for damaged or uneven walls (墙纸并不能修复损坏或凹凸不平的墙壁)”符合语境，指出墙纸不能解决墙壁的一些问题，引出后文的建议。故选E。 20．空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容。根据后文“With all the decisions made, it’s time to stick the wallpaper up with glue. You may hire a professional installer, but you can hang the wallpaper yourself. Once the wallpaper is hung, don’t be afraid to hang decorative pictures. (做了所有的决定之后，是时候用胶水把墙纸粘起来了。你可以聘请专业的安装人员，但你可以自己挂墙纸。墙纸挂好后，不要怕挂装饰画)”可知，本段主要与最后贴墙纸相关，因此A项“Stick it up (粘贴起来)”符合语境，契合段落内容。故选A。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$