外刊阅读理解测试6-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

Tokyos Manuscript Writing Cafe The Manuscript Writing Cafe only allows in people who have a writing deadline to face! owner Takuya Kawai tweeted. It's in order to maintain a level of focus and tense atmosphere at the cafe! Thank you for your understanding. The cafe, which only opened a few days ago, charges patrons by time used (it operates at a rate of 150 yen or $1.32 per 30 minutes), and is equipped with USB ports, computer stands, and free Wi-Fi. Struggling writers can also bring their own food and drinks, or have it delivered there since coffee and water are the only things available, but its pretty strict when it comes to the actual writing. Although the Manuscript Writing Cafe actually accepts a wide range of writers, from translators and copywriters to novelists and proofreaders, the rules are the same for everyone. When entering the cafe, patrons must write down at the reception desk how many words they plan to write and by what time they plan to finish. Every hour, a member of the staff will come by to check on their progress and apply a predetermined pressure level to help move things along. For example, opting for the S course will have the cafe staff more aggressively pushing you to get the work done, while the M course involves a more mild approach. However, the craziest rule of the Manuscript Writing Cafe is that writers are not allowed to end their session until reaching their declared goal or until the place closes down for the day, whichever comes first. It's not clear how the cafe enforces this rule, but it is meant to keep patrons from declaring ambitious targets that they won't be able to meet. The space in which the Manuscript Writing Cafe operates is actually a recording and broadcasting studio called Koenji Sankakuchitai. The cafe itself is only open when the studio isn't, so you won't be able to go every day. However, Takuya Kawai makes sure to always announce the next date that the cafe will be open. While some found it intriguing, others said that it was too much pressure. If it were me, I would no longer be able to leave the store and would end up having to live there, one person commented. What is the main rule of the Manuscript Writing Cafe? A. Only famous writers are allowed. B. Only people without a deadline can enter. C. Only people with a writing deadline can enter. D. Everyone can enter without any restrictions. How much does the cafe charge per 30 minutes? A. 100 yen. B. 150 yen. C. 200 yen. D. 250 yen. What can patrons bring to the cafe? A. Only coffee and water. B. Any food and drinks. C. Only food delivered by the cafe. D. Their own food and drinks or have it delivered. What will the staff do every hour? A. Offer free drinks. B. Check on patrons' progress and apply pressure. C. Let patrons leave early. D. Change the Wi-Fi password. When is the cafe open? A. Every day. B. Only when the studio is in use. C. Only when the studio isn't in use. D. On weekends only. The Psychological Benefits of Commuting For most American workers who commute, the trip to and from the office takes nearly one full hour a day – 26 minutes each way on average, with 7.7% of workers spending two hours or more on the road. Many people think of commuting as a chore and a waste of time. However, during the remote work surge resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, several journalists curiously noted that people were – could it be? – missing their commutes. One woman told The Washington Post that even though she was working from home, she regularly sat in her car in the driveway at the end of the workday in an attempt to carve out some personal time and mark the transition from work to nonwork roles. As management scholars who study the interface between peoples work and personal lives, we sought to understand what it was that people missed when their commutes suddenly disappeared. In our recently published conceptual study, we argue that commutes are a source of liminal space – a time free of both home and work roles that provides an opportunity to recover from work and mentally switch gears to home. During the shift to remote work, many people lost this built-in support for these important daily processes. Without the ability to mentally shift gears, people experience role blurring, which can lead to stress. Without mentally disengaging from work, people can experience burnout. We believe the loss of this space helps explain why many people missed their commutes. In our study, we wanted to learn whether the commute provides that time and space, and what the effects are when it becomes unavailable. We reviewed research on commuting, role transitions and work recovery to develop a model of a typical American workers commute liminal space. We focused our research on two cognitive processes: psychological detachment from the work role – mentally disengaging from the demands of work – and psychological recovery from work – rebuilding stores of mental energy used up during work. Based on our review, we developed a model which shows that the liminal space created in the commute created opportunities for detachment and recovery. However, we also found that day-to-day variations may affect whether this liminal space is accessible for detachment and recovery. For instance, train commuters must devote attention to selecting their route, monitoring arrivals or departures and ensuring they get off at the right stop, whereas car commuters must devote consistent attention to driving. We found that, on the one hand, more attention to the act of commuting means less attention that could otherwise be put toward relaxing recovery activities like listening to music and podcasts. On the other hand, longer commutes might give people more time to detach and recover. In an unpublished follow-up study we conducted ourselves, we examined a week of commutes of 80 university employees to test our conceptual model. The employees completed morning and evening surveys asking about the characteristics of their commutes, whether they shut off from work and relaxed during the commute and whether they felt emotionally exhausted when they got home. Most of the workers in this study reported using the commutes liminal space to both mentally transition from work to home roles and to start psychologically recovering from the demands of the workday. Our study also confirms that day-to-day variations in commutes predict the ability to do so. We found that on days with longer-than-average commutes, people reported higher levels of psychological detachment from work and were more relaxed during the commute. However, on days when commutes were more stressful than usual, they reported less psychological detachment from work and less relaxation during the commute. Our findings suggest that remote workers may benefit from creating their own form of commute to provide liminal space for recovery and transition – such as a 15-minute walk to mark the beginning and end of the workday. Our preliminary findings align with related research suggesting that those who have returned to the workplace might benefit from seeking to use their commute to relax as much as possible. To help enhance work detachment and relaxation during the commute, commuters could try to avoid ruminating about the workday and instead focus on personally fulfilling uses of the commute time, such as listening to music or podcasts, or calling a friend. Other forms of commuting such as public transit or carpooling may also provide opportunities to socialize. Our data shows that commute stress detracts from detachment and relaxation during the commute more than a shorter or longer commute. So some people may find it worth their time to take the scenic route home in order to avoid tense driving situations. What is the average commuting time for American workers? A. Less than 20 minutes each way. B. 26 minutes each way. C. More than an hour each way. D. It varies greatly and there is no average. What did the woman mentioned in the article do during remote work? A. She stopped commuting completely. B. She took longer commutes to enjoy the scenery. C. She sat in her car in the driveway to mark the end of work. D. She started using public transportation. What is the main idea of the study mentioned in the article? A. To prove that commuting is always a waste of time. B. To understand why people missed their commutes during remote work. C. To suggest that remote work is better than commuting. D. To encourage people to use public transportation for commuting. What did the follow-up study find? A. Longer commutes always lead to more stress. B. Shorter commutes are better for psychological detachment. C. Day-to-day variations in commutes affect the ability to detach and recover. D. Commuting has no impact on emotional exhaustion. What suggestion is given to remote workers? A. Avoid any form of commute. B. Create their own form of commute for recovery and transition. C. Work longer hours to avoid thinking about commuting. D. Only use public transportation if they need to commute. How Grief Upsets Your Gut Health? According to Hale, grief can throw the body off course, upsetting the gastrointestinal tract. For starters, stress can activate the sympathetic nervous system, more commonly known as the fight-or-flight response. In this survival state, heart rate and blood pressure rise, as do levels of the hormone cortisol, Hale adds. And when the body is warding off danger, it's not focused on digestion or eating. And research has found that dietary changes can shift the microbiome in a matter of days. While it's well known that heartache can make the belly ache, research examining the connection between bereavement stress and gut health is limited. However, one 2020 paper published in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry suggests that gut microbiota may play a role in influencing health outcomes following bereavement because chronic and ongoing stress can disrupt the microbiome. Barely a decade ago, the brain was thought to be completely isolated from the rest of the body. So for Alviña, the biggest mindset change was the realization that the brain not only instructs the body to move and breathe, but that signals from the gut as well as other organs and tissues can also alter how the brain functions. How the mechanism behind this bidirectional communication works is an open question, but several possible explanations have emerged. More directly, gut bacteria produce molecules such as dopamine and serotonin, which play vital roles in neural signaling. Low levels of these neurotransmitters can cause depression and neurological diseases like Parkinsons. These neurotransmitters might interact with the nerve endings of the vagus nerve—which is responsible for involuntary movements such as breathing and digestion, and connects the brain to most of the bodys organs, including the gut. Experiments on mice bolster this view. For animals where the vagus nerve was cut, microbiome-mediated effects on their behavior disappeared. What can grief do to the body? A. Improve gut health. B. Have no effect on the body. C. Throw the body off course and upset the gastrointestinal tract. D. Only affect the heart. What happens when the body is in fight-or-flight response? A. Digestion and eating are enhanced. B. Heart rate and blood pressure drop. C. Hormone cortisol levels decrease. D. The body is not focused on digestion or eating. What does the 2020 paper published in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry suggest? A. Gut microbiota has no role in bereavement stress. B. Gut microbiota may play a role in influencing health outcomes following bereavement. C. Bereavement stress has no effect on gut health. D. The brain is completely isolated from the rest of the body. How can gut bacteria affect the brain? A. By producing molecules that play vital roles in neural signaling. B. By cutting the vagus nerve. C. By increasing levels of cortisol. D. By directly controlling the brain's movement. What happens to mice when the vagus nerve is cut? A. Microbiome-mediated effects on their behavior disappear. B. Their gut health improves. C. They produce more neurotransmitters. D. Their behavior becomes more stable. Drinking Milk Before Bed: Is It a Good Idea? A handful of small animal and human studies demonstrate that consuming dairy products like milk and cheese before bed may help some people have a more restful nights sleep, though the reason why remains unclear. Most experts agree that milks sleep-promoting potential is likely related to specific chemical compounds or the psychological effects of having a soothing bedtime routine — or perhaps a combination of the two. Certain compounds in milk — specifically tryptophan and melatonin — may help you fall asleep. Tryptophan is an amino acid found in a variety of protein-containing foods. It plays an important role in the production of the neurotransmitter known as serotonin . Melatonin, also known as the sleep hormone, is released by your brain. It helps regulate your circadian rhythm and prepare your body for entering a sleep cycle. The role of tryptophan and melatonin in sleep disorders is well established, and studies have found that taking supplements of these compounds may improve sleep and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression that can crop up at bedtime. However, theres currently no evidence to suggest that a single glass of milk contains enough tryptophan or melatonin to significantly influence your body's natural production of melatonin or to independently treat a disordered sleeping pattern. Some experts suspect that milk's potential role as a sleep aid has little to do with its nutritional profile and that it's instead more closely related to the psychological effect of having a calming bedtime ritual. Another theory is that drinking warm milk could subconsciously remind you of having milk at bedtime during your early childhood years. These soothing feelings may signal to your brain that it's time to sleep, making it easier to drift off peacefully. Still, there's not enough evidence to guarantee any particular result from adding milk to your bedtime routine. Milk contains several compounds known to support healthy sleep cycles. Plus, the psychological effects of a bedtime routine that includes milk may improve your ability to fall asleep, but more research is needed. What do small animal and human studies show? A. Drinking milk before bed is always a bad idea. B. Drinking milk before bed may help some people sleep better. C. Milk has no effect on sleep. D. Only cheese helps with sleep. What compounds in milk may help with sleep? A. Calcium and vitamin D. B. Tryptophan and melatonin. C. Protein and fat. D. Carbohydrates and sugar. What is the role of tryptophan? A. It helps regulate circadian rhythm. B. It is a sleep hormone. C. It plays a role in producing serotonin. D. It independently treats sleeping disorders. What do some experts suspect about milk's role as a sleep aid? A. It's related to its nutritional profile. B. It's related to a calming bedtime ritual. C. It contains enough tryptophan and melatonin. D. It's only effective for children. What is the conclusion about drinking milk before bed? A. It definitely guarantees a good night's sleep. B. It has no benefits at all. C. More research is needed. D. It only works for adults. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Tokyos Manuscript Writing Cafe 答案： C。解析：文中提到“The Manuscript Writing Cafe only allows in people who have a writing deadline to face!”。 B。解析：文中提到“it operates at a rate of 150 yen or $1.32 per 30 minutes”。 D。解析：文中提到“Struggling writers can also bring their own food and drinks, or have it delivered there since coffee and water are the only things available”。 B。解析：文中提到“Every hour, a member of the staff will come by to check on their progress and apply a predetermined pressure level to help move things along.”。 C。解析：文中提到“The space in which the Manuscript Writing Cafe operates is actually a recording and broadcasting studio called Koenji Sankakuchitai. The cafe itself is only open when the studio isn't, so you won't be able to go every day.”。 The Psychological Benefits of Commuting 答案： B。解析：文中提到“For most American workers who commute, the trip to and from the office takes nearly one full hour a day – 26 minutes each way on average.”。 C。解析：文中提到“One woman told The Washington Post that even though she was working from home, she regularly sat in her car in the driveway at the end of the workday in an attempt to carve out some personal time and mark the transition from work to nonwork roles.”。 B。解析：文中提到“As management scholars who study the interface between people's work and personal lives, we sought to understand what it was that people missed when their commutes suddenly disappeared.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Our study also confirms that day-to-day variations in commutes predict the ability to do so.”。 B。解析：文中提到“Our findings suggest that remote workers may benefit from creating their own form of commute to provide liminal space for recovery and transition.”。 How Grief Upsets Your Gut Health? 答案： C。解析：文中提到“According to Hale, grief can throw the body off course, upsetting the gastrointestinal tract.”。 D。解析：文中提到“And when the body is warding off danger, it's not focused on digestion or eating.”。 B。解析：文中提到“one 2020 paper published in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry suggests that gut microbiota may play a role in influencing health outcomes following bereavement because chronic and ongoing stress can disrupt the microbiome.”。 A。解析：文中提到“More directly, gut bacteria produce molecules such as dopamine and serotonin, which play vital roles in neural signaling.”。 A。解析：文中提到“For animals where the vagus nerve was cut, microbiome-mediated effects on their behavior disappeared.”。 Drinking Milk Before Bed: Is It a Good Idea? 答案： B。解析：文中提到“A handful of small animal and human studies demonstrate that consuming dairy products like milk and cheese before bed may help some people have a more restful night's sleep.”。 B。解析：文中提到“Certain compounds in milk — specifically tryptophan and melatonin — may help you fall asleep.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Tryptophan is an amino acid found in a variety of protein-containing foods. It plays an important role in the production of the neurotransmitter known as serotonin.”。 B。解析：文中提到“Some experts suspect that milk's potential role as a sleep aid has little to do with its nutritional profile and that it's instead more closely related to the psychological effect of having a calming bedtime ritual.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Still, there's not enough evidence to guarantee any particular result from adding milk to your bedtime routine. Milk contains several compounds known to support healthy sleep cycles. Plus, the psychological effects of a bedtime routine that includes milk may improve your ability to fall asleep, but more research is needed.”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$