专题07【5年真题1年模拟】阅读表达5年真题+最新模拟100题（技能+真题+模拟）-2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递（北京专用）

《2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递》(北京专用) 专题07 【5年真题1年模拟】阅读表达5年真题+最新模拟100题 (技能+真题+模拟)原卷版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 1 模拟专区 4 技能专区:冲刺备考名师提醒,洞悉高考命题规律,提供高效提分干货 一、阅读表达题兼有阅读理解和书面表达特征,首先重视设问,避免“答非所问”。 二、注意落实“题干-原文-答案”三对照,力求“形意兼顾”,逻辑通顺。 三、重视“原文定位”和“同义替换”技巧,抠细节,抓落实,通语法。 四、做后反思,结合参考答案,举一反三,完善答案,提升“书面表达”能力。 真题专区:练真题,明方向;练技巧,提能力;练速度,提分数! 真题演练01(2024 北京 高考真题)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? _ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? _ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. _ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _ 【答案】 40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42. The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 43. In the story success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 真题演练02(2024 北京 高考真题)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 40. How are habits built? _ 41. In what way is a routine different from a habit? _ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. _ 43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) _ 真题演练03(2022 北京 高考真题)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) 真题演练04(2021 北京 高考真题)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back. There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up(激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study, 2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed. Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome. 40. According to this passage, what is arguing? 41. Why is it that “the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. 43. In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? (In about 40 words) 模拟专区:做好题才有好成绩!练速度,补漏洞,强信心! (2024 北京西城 二模)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation. It’s most people’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San Jose del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota. While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive. 1.What made the plane on which they were flying crash? 2.Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident? 3.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. 4.What lesson can you learn from the story? (In about 40 words) (2024 北京东城 二模)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I think about running a timed mile in elementary school PE class, I can still feel the full-body sensation of stress. The mile run was part of the National Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given to elementary through high school students, which included five events: the mile run, sit-ups, pull-ups or push-ups, a sit-and-reach and a shuttle run. Twice a year, the top 15 percent of participants nationwide were honored with a Physical Fitness Award. At my school, the winners’names were painted on one of the gym’s walls. For years I stared admiringly at those names, wondering if I would ever make the cut. But no matter how hard I tried, I could never pull my chin above the bar. I believe deeply in the value of physical activity for both the mind and the body. However, it wasn’t until I was in my 30s and had run a half-dozen half-marathons, at a comfortable pace, that I even began to believe I was a sportswoman. I’ve heard similar stories from many people. My friend Natalia, a group fitness instructor, said that for years she saw herself as lacking athleticism thanks to her experience in PE class. It was only when she took a fitness class that she began to see herself as physically capable. Their experiences, and my own, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail to make you develop a positive relationship with sports, there is definitely a positive opportunity to make it a source of joy in your life. It’s taken years to meet myself where I am. When I run a mile these days, I feel so good by the end that I want to run another. I still can’t do a traditional pull-up, but a trainer at my gym recently introduced me to assisted pull-ups with resistance bands; I delight in finally feeling up to the task. Fitness shouldn’t be for the few. We all benefit from sports, whether we earn our names on the wall or not. 5.What is the National Physical Fitness Test? 6.What was in her mind when the author stared at the names on the wall? 7.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. 8.What do you think of the idea “fitness shouldn’t be for the few” in the last paragraph? (In about 40 words) (2024 北京昌平 二模)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I always wanted to be like explorers Marco Polo or Ibn Battuta. They traveled the world with curiosity and a desire to share with others the marvels they discovered. They had no Internet, guidebooks, social media, blogs, vlogs, reviews, or slideshows. And with so much information available, how can one possibly be like these travel writing pioneers? The answer may shock you as it did my travel journalism students. I plan nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to me on its own terms. And how does that work out? I have contributed to 130 international publications with articles about what I discovered. I do not recommend this approach to everyone. But what I do suggest is that you give up your desire to have everything planned in advance, and that you stop obsessing about all the trip details and trying to make it a perfect trip. Whether you are traveling with a tour group, friends, family, or solo, leave unstructured time, so magic can happen. Many people I know approach travel like a job, and a stressful one at that. They want to make sure they cover all the bases and don’t miss anything. But in my opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. So how do you make your trip unique? I call it slow travel. It’s not just about slowing down. Instead of running from place to place, you look around you, you take your environment in, you notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before. You can start talking to people. Random people you meet and talk to are a key element you cannot plan for. They may tell you about places and events that will enrich your trip. They give you local insider tips. They may even accompany you or invite you to join them for an experience. They have enriched every trip I have taken. And the more you talk to people — even if you are shy — the more you develop the self - confidence to do more of it. And then you are really in the present, having an experience that is uniquely yours. 9.Why does the author’s way of travelling shock her students? 10.What does the author think of most people’s way of travelling? 11.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. 12.Besides slow travel, in what other aspect (s) in our life do you think we should slow down? Why? (In about 40 words) (2024 北京海淀 二模)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 How Gratitude Makes You Happier Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude. Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also promotes feelings like trust and generosity, which are induced by oxytocin, a hormone released by the brain. Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life. 13.What does happiness include besides what we usually think? 14.On what does gratitude have a positive influence? 15.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. 16.How can you exercise being grateful? (In about 40 words) (2024 北京朝阳 二模)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 17.According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? 18.What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? 19.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. 20.Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) (23-24高二下 北京 阶段练习)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Shakespeare Week William Shakespeare’s plays are among the best- loved classics in the English language. They contain humor, suspense and deep emotion- sometimes all in a single play. Many of Shakespeare’s plays are based (sometimes loosely) on historical events or legends. The thing that makes his plays stand out, though, is their language. Shakespeare had a way of expressing a variety of feelings and ideas in deeply moving words. In fact, many common phrases and idioms originated with him. The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, a charity that cares for historical sites related to Shakespeare’s life, provides educational resources about this influential playwright. This week the organization is sponsoring a celebration called Shakespeare Week. Events are aimed at primary school students, many of whom will be encountering his works for the first time. Children around the world study Shakespeare and his works in school, yet their experience is often oriented toward preparing for exams. For many modern English- speakers, Shakespeare’s16th- century writing can be difficult and frustrating. The purpose of Shakespeare Week is to give children a more positive experience with Shakespeare, starting at a young age. They do this using books, videos and activities that stimulate the children’s creativity. Last year’s Shakespeare Week was focused on art and design. It included resources developed by famous authors, illustrators and even a TV host. A new event — a portrait competition — was added to the Shakespeare Week celebration last year. Children 11 years old and younger submitted portraits of Shakespeare to win prizes. This year’s Shakespeare Week, which is going on right now, focuses on the theme of well- being. Its events and resources are designed to promote emotional learning as well as physical, moral and social health. Through the Shakespeare Week activities and events, children get to experience works of art. Organizers hope this will influence their lives and encourage their love of Shakespeare for years to come. 21.What is the outstanding feature of Shakespeare’s plays? 22.What themes of Shakespeare Week are mentioned in the passage? 23.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better. 24.What kind of activity would you plan for Shakespeare Week?(In about 40 words) (23-24高二下 北京海淀 期末)阅读下面的短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Marva Collins’ journey as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned to teach at a public school in Chicago. At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges. Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the potential to learn and succeed, she set out to create a classroom environment that would foster a love of learning, a sense of discipline, and a belief in oneself. Collins first established a rigorous academic curriculum that would challenge her students to reach their full potential. She taught her students traditional subjects and also emphasized critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity. Her teaching methods were highly effective, and students soon began to show remarkable progress. But Collins’ greatest achievement was the founding of the Westside Prep School, which she started in 1975. The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. At the Prep School. Collin s stressed the importance of discipline and hard work. She expected her students to arrive on time, in uniform, and ready to learn, and she installed in them a sense of responsibility and accountability. Collins also emphasized the importance of building relationships between teachers and students. She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, are she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. Under her leadership, the Prep School became known for its high academic standards and its ability to help struggling students. Many of the school’s graduates went on to attend top colleges and universities, and some went on to become leaders in their fields. Collins’ impact on education was recognized by educators around the world. Today, her legacy lives on. Her emphasis on discipline, hard work, and relationships continues to be a model for effective teaching, and her belief in the potential of every student continues to inspire educators to make a difference in the lives of the at-risk students. 25.What challenges did Collins face as a new teacher? 26.Why was the Prep School considered the “haven for learning”? 27.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. 28.Which one of Collin’s teaching beliefs impresses you most? Why? (In about 40 words) (23-24高二下 北京丰台 期末)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What We Really Know About ASMR If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok, you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone, carefully slicing stacks of slime, or slowly ripping strips of paper. These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood, relaxation, and even pain relief. But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video?A systematic review published seeks to answer that question. German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects. But first, where did this idea come from?There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s. The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health-focused website in2007. A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010. Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. They also explored its benefits. Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation. In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. Despite the encouraging results, the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants; more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR. Luckily, it’s true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair, whispering, and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief. The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. So if you’re feeling anxious or stressed, it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help! 29.What is an autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)? 30.According to the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us? 31.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. 32.Besides watching ASMR videos, what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed? (23-24高二下 北京石景山 期末)阅读下面短文,根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息 《2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递》（北京专用） 专题07 【5年真题1年模拟】阅读表达5年真题+最新模拟100题 （技能+真题+模拟）解析版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 1 模拟专区 7 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 一、阅读表达题兼有阅读理解和书面表达特征，首先重视设问，避免“答非所问”。 二、注意落实“题干-原文-答案”三对照，力求“形意兼顾”，逻辑通顺。 三、重视“原文定位”和“同义替换”技巧，抠细节，抓落实，通语法。 四、做后反思，结合参考答案，举一反三，完善答案，提升“书面表达”能力。 真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！ 真题演练01（2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42. The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 43. In the story success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 40.考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41.考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42.考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 43.开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 真题演练02（2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 40. How are habits built? ________________________________________________________________ 41. In what way is a routine different from a habit? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Habits are built through learning and repetition. 41. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 43. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 40.考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。 41.考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。 42.考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。 43.开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 真题演练03（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) 【答案】 40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。 40.考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 41.考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 42.考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 43.开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 真题演练04（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back. There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study, 2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed. Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome. 40. According to this passage, what is arguing？ 41. Why is it that “the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. 43. In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） 【答案】 40. Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party. 41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life. 42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity. 43. Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with each other.（参考答案） 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明, 如果争吵得到解决, 与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此, 向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的, 而不是阻止他们。 40.考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. ”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧, 并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知, 争论是提出你的担忧, 并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party. 41.考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. ”（而且, 年纪越大, 越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的, 什么是不重要的。）可知, 更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life. 42.考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. ”（如果争吵得到解决, 与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知, 解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康, 因为它增加你的反应, 减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性, 而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity. 43．考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力, 使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with each other. 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！ （2024·北京西城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation. It’s most people’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota. While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive. 1．What made the plane on which they were flying crash? 2．Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. 4．What lesson can you learn from the story?  (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Engine problems. 2．Because the weather was bad. 3．The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 4．The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四名哥伦比亚儿童在亚马逊失事后幸存超过一个月，靠着他们土著背景和对雨林的熟悉生存下来。他们知道如何在丛林中找到食物，并且与亚马逊和谐相处。经过40天的搜救，他们被发现并送往医院康复。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023.(他们乘坐的单引擎塞斯纳飞机在2023年5月1日出现了发动机问题，随后消失了。)”可知，他们乘坐的飞机坠毁了是因为引擎出了问题。故答案为Engine problems. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. (恶劣的天气使军队在两周内无法找到坠机地点，后来他们在那里发现了三具成年人的尸体，其中包括孩子们的母亲。)”可知，事故发生后军队花了很长时间才找到孩子们是因为恶劣的天气。故答案为Because the weather was bad. 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane.(他们与亚马逊合作，而不是对抗亚马逊，他们靠水果和种子生存，同时给婴儿喂食他们在飞机上找到的混合了丝兰粉的水。)”可知，孩子们幸存下来不是因为他们与雨林作斗争，而是因为他们利用了对雨林的深入了解。他们知道哪些水果可以安全食用，哪些植物应该避免食用，利用雨林的资源而不是与之对抗，因此错误的部分为“fighting against(对抗亚马逊雨林)”，故答案为The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 4．开放性试题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.(虽然世界上许多人都认为这个幸存的故事是一个奇迹，但也有人指出，这是土著社区世代相传的古老而亲密的热带雨林知识的结果。土著部落与亚马逊有着密切的关系，他们深深尊重为他们提供住所和营养成分的森林。毫无疑问，正是他们与雨林的密切联系和对雨林的了解帮助了孩子们的生存。)”可知，这个故事强调了传统知识和尊重环境的重要性。它强调了土著智慧的价值和他们对自然的深刻理解，展示了这些知识如何对在充满挑战的情况下生存至关重要，故答案为The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. （2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I think about running a timed mile in elementary school PE class, I can still feel the full-body sensation of stress. The mile run was part of the National Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given to elementary through high school students, which included five events: the mile run, sit-ups, pull-ups or push-ups, a sit-and-reach and a shuttle run. Twice a year, the top 15 percent of participants nationwide were honored with a Physical Fitness Award. At my school, the winners’names were painted on one of the gym’s walls. For years I stared admiringly at those names, wondering if I would ever make the cut. But no matter how hard I tried, I could never pull my chin above the bar. I believe deeply in the value of physical activity for both the mind and the body. However, it wasn’t until I was in my 30s and had run a half-dozen half-marathons, at a comfortable pace, that I even began to believe I was a sportswoman. I’ve heard similar stories from many people. My friend Natalia, a group fitness instructor, said that for years she saw herself as lacking athleticism thanks to her experience in PE class. It was only when she took a fitness class that she began to see herself as physically capable. Their experiences, and my own, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail to make you develop a positive relationship with sports, there is definitely a positive opportunity to make it a source of joy in your life. It’s taken years to meet myself where I am. When I run a mile these days, I feel so good by the end that I want to run another. I still can’t do a traditional pull-up, but a trainer at my gym recently introduced me to assisted pull-ups with resistance bands; I delight in finally feeling up to the task. Fitness shouldn’t be for the few. We all benefit from sports, whether we earn our names on the wall or not. 5．What is the National Physical Fitness Test? 6．What was in her mind when the author stared at the names on the wall? 7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. 8．What do you think of the idea “fitness shouldn’t be for the few” in the last paragraph? （In about 40 words） 【答案】5．It is a biennial assessment given to elementary through high school students. 6．She was wondering if she would ever make the cut. 7．According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. According to the passage, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment but there is definitely a positive opportunity for them to make sports a source of joy in their life. 8．I agree with the idea that "fitness shouldn't be for the few," as it promotes inclusivity and encourages everyone to participate in physical activities. It emphasizes the importance of sports for all individuals, regardless of their athletic abilities. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了体育课和体能评估对个人自我认知的影响，以及体育运动对身心健康的价值。 5．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The mile run was part of the National Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given to elementary through high school students(一英里跑是全国体能测试的一部分，这是一项每两年对从小学至高中学生进行的评估)”可知，全国体能测试是一项两年一次的评估，对象是小学到高中的学生。故答案为：It is a biennial assessment given to elementary through high school students。 6．考查细节理解。根据第一段“For years I stared admiringly at those names, wondering if I would ever make the cut.(多年来，我一直羡慕地凝视着那些名字，想知道自己是否有一天也能成为其中的一员)”可知，作者盯着墙上的名字，想知道自己是否能达到要求。故答案为：She was wondering if she would ever make the cut。 7．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Their experiences, and my own, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail to make you develop a positive relationship with sports, there is definitely a positive opportunity to make it a source of joy in your life.( 他们的经历和我自己的经历让我相信，即使体育课和体能评估未能让你与运动建立起积极的关系，肯定也有一个积极的机会，让运动成为你生命中的快乐源泉)”可知，作者认为，即使体育课和体能测试不能让你与运动建立起积极的关系，也一定有积极的机会让它成为你生活中的乐趣来源。所以陈述中“and then they will find it difficult(然后他们将发现……困难)”表述错误，应修改为“but there is definitely a positive opportunity for them(但是肯定也有一个积极的机会使他们……)”，故答案为：According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. According to the passage, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment but there is definitely a positive opportunity for them to make sports a source of joy in their life 8．开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如根据最后一段中的“We all benefit from sports, whether we earn our names on the wall or not.”可知，我们都能从运动中受益，不管我们的名字是否出现在墙上。由此可知，健身是每个人都应该享有的权利，而不是少数人的特权。故答案为：I agree with the idea that “fitness shouldn't be for the few,” as it promotes inclusivity and encourages everyone to participate in physical activities. It emphasizes the importance of sports for all individuals, regardless of their athletic abilities. （2024·北京昌平·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I always wanted to be like explorers Marco Polo or Ibn Battuta. They traveled the world with curiosity and a desire to share with others the marvels they discovered. They had no Internet, guidebooks, social media, blogs, vlogs, reviews, or slideshows. And with so much information available, how can one possibly be like these travel writing pioneers? The answer may shock you as it did my travel journalism students. I plan nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to me on its own terms. And how does that work out? I have contributed to 130 international publications with articles about what I discovered. I do not recommend this approach to everyone. But what I do suggest is that you give up your desire to have everything planned in advance, and that you stop obsessing about all the trip details and trying to make it a perfect trip. Whether you are traveling with a tour group, friends, family, or solo, leave unstructured time, so magic can happen. Many people I know approach travel like a job, and a stressful one at that. They want to make sure they cover all the bases and don’t miss anything. But in my opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. So how do you make your trip unique? I call it slow travel. It’s not just about slowing down. Instead of running from place to place, you look around you, you take your environment in, you notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before. You can start talking to people. Random people you meet and talk to are a key element you cannot plan for. They may tell you about places and events that will enrich your trip. They give you local insider tips. They may even accompany you or invite you to join them for an experience. They have enriched every trip I have taken. And the more you talk to people — even if you are shy — the more you develop the self - confidence to do more of it. And then you are really in the present, having an experience that is uniquely yours. 9．Why does the author’s way of travelling shock her students? 10．What does the author think of most people’s way of travelling? 11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. 12．Besides slow travel, in what other aspect （s） in our life do you think we should slow down? Why? （In about 40 words） 【答案】9．The author plans nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to him/her on its own terms. 10．In the author’s opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. 11．You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. According to the passage, the writer thinks we can make our trip unique by slow travel. We can notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before and talking with local people. Making a detailed plan is not part of slow travel. 12．言之有理即可 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文论述了作者对旅游方式的看法。 9．考查细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer may shock you as it did my travel journalism students. I plan nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to me on its own terms.”（答案可能会让你震惊，就像我的旅行新闻系学生一样。我什么都不提前计划，除了有一个地方住，让这个地方自己向我展示自己的条件）可知，作者的旅行方式让她的学生感到震惊是因为作者什么都不提前计划，除了有一个地方住，让这个地方自己向作者展示自己的条件。故回答为：The author plans nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to him/her on its own terms. 10．考查细节理解题。根据第四段“But in my opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list.”（但在我看来，他们只是照搬前人的做法，然后在一个列表上检查旅游景点。）可知，作者认为大多数人的旅行方式只是照搬前人的做法，然后在一个列表上检查每个旅游景点。故回答为：In the author’s opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. 11．考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“I call it slow travel. It’s not just about slowing down. Instead of running from place to place, you look around you, you take your environment in, you notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before. You can start talking to people. Random people you meet and talk to are a key element you cannot plan for.”（我称之为慢旅行。这不仅仅是减速。你不再从一个地方跑到另一个地方，而是要环顾四周，融入周围的环境，注意到一些可能从来没有人注意到的东西。你可以开始和别人交流了。你遇到和交谈的随机的人是你不能计划的一个关键因素。）可知，“by making a detailed plan”是错误的。作者认为我们可以通过慢速旅行使我们的旅行与众不同。我们可以注意到以前可能没有人注意到的事情，并与当地人交谈。制定详细的计划不是慢速旅行的一部分。故回答为：You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. According to the passage, the writer thinks we can make our trip unique by slow travel. We can notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before and talking with local people. Making a detailed plan is not part of slow travel. 12．考查开放性试题。除了慢旅行，我认为生活的节奏应该慢下来，慢节奏的生活能让我们不焦虑，使我们体验到生活的美和意义。故回答为：I think the pace of life should be slow and slow pace of life can let us not worry, making us experience the beauty and meaning of life. （2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 How Gratitude Makes You Happier Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude. Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also promotes feelings like trust and generosity, which are induced by oxytocin, a hormone released by the brain. Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life. 13．What does happiness include besides what we usually think? 14．On what does gratitude have a positive influence? 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. 16．How can you exercise being grateful? (In about 40 words) 【答案】13．It includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. 14．(Both) physical (health) and mental health. 15．Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they value “moderation”, a just enoughness. 16．One way to practice gratitude is to keep a daily gratitude journal and write down three things you are grateful for each day. Another practice is to often reflect on the positive factors in your life and cultivate an attitude of gratitude, which can also cultivate gratitude. 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲解了感恩如何使人更快乐，内容涉及感恩对身心健康的具体益处，并引用了研究结果作为支持，还举了斯堪的纳维亚人幸福感的例子来阐述观点，最后提出建议。 13．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中的“We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction.  But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. (我们通常认为幸福是一种主观的幸福感，一种快乐和满足的感觉。但幸福不仅仅是一种情感或短暂的感觉，它还包括一种深刻的意义、价值和生活目的。感恩以与所有这些相关的方式支持幸福。)”可知，除了我们通常认为的，幸福还包括生活中深刻的意义、价值和目标感。故答案为It includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. 14．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. (研究表明，感恩对我们的身体健康有着深远的影响。)”以及第三段中的“Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. (感恩对心理健康也有着强烈的积极影响。)”可知，感恩对身体健康和心理健康都有积极影响。故答案为：(Both) physical (health) and mental health. 15．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人自己决定着他们的幸福水平。他们欣赏一个运转良好的社会，在那里他们有经济保障，社会机构支持每个人。然而，还有其他一些事情。他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好。他们不会追求幸福，也不会一次加班好几个月。他们对健康的工作与生活平衡心存感激。由于这种满足和知足，他们觉得自己的生活有价值。)”可知，“Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们觉得自己的生命有价值。)”逻辑错误，正确的逻辑应该是：斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好的状态。故答案为：Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. 16．考查语言表达。练习感恩的一种方法是每天写一本感恩日记，写下你每天感激的三件事。另一种做法是经常反思生活中的积极因素，培养感恩的态度，也可以培养感恩。故答案为：One way to practice gratitude is to keep a daily gratitude journal and write down three things you are grateful for each day. Another practice is to often reflect on the positive factors in your life and cultivate an attitude of gratitude, which can also cultivate gratitude. （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 17．According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? 18．What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? 19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. 20．Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) 【答案】17．Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 18．It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 19．Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 20．1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处，这种行为也被称为“freudenfreude”。文章解释了freudenfreude的好处以及影响。 17．考查细节理解。根据第二段“This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us.(这就是科学家们所说的“freudenfreude”，意思是在别人的成功中找到快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系)”可知，Freudenfreude是指从别人的成功中寻找快乐，即使这并不直接涉及到我们自己。故答案为Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 18．考查细节理解。根据第二段“A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.(2021年的一项研究调查了freudenfreude在日常生活中的作用，发现它可以提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作)”可知，Freudenfreude能提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作。故答案为It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 19．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy.(此外，心理健康也会影响你参与他人快乐的能力)”可知，错误部分为“physical health”，心理健康会影响你参与他人快乐的能力。故答案为Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 20．考查开放题。根据“除了文章中提到的乔治的经历，请描述一个你的freudenfreude的经历”可回答：1)去年，在接力赛中，我的队伍被我朋友的队伍打败了，一开始我有点嫉妒。然而，看到他脸上兴奋的表情，我也和他一起庆祝。当我们一起庆祝时，我们意识到分享快乐的力量。 2)当我的朋友被她梦寐以求的学校录取时，我感到freudenfreude。虽然我还在为期末考试而挣扎，不知道我的未来会怎样，但我还是对她的成功表示了诚挚的祝贺。这加强了我们之间的联系，促进了相互支持和鼓励。 故答案为1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. （23-24高二下·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Shakespeare Week William Shakespeare’s plays are among the best- loved classics in the English language. They contain humor, suspense and deep emotion- sometimes all in a single play. Many of Shakespeare’s plays are based (sometimes loosely) on historical events or legends. The thing that makes his plays stand out, though, is their language. Shakespeare had a way of expressing a variety of feelings and ideas in deeply moving words. In fact, many common phrases and idioms originated with him. The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, a charity that cares for historical sites related to Shakespeare’s life, provides educational resources about this influential playwright. This week the organization is sponsoring a celebration called Shakespeare Week. Events are aimed at primary school students, many of whom will be encountering his works for the first time. Children around the world study Shakespeare and his works in school, yet their experience is often oriented toward preparing for exams. For many modern English- speakers, Shakespeare’s16th- century writing can be difficult and frustrating. The purpose of Shakespeare Week is to give children a more positive experience with Shakespeare, starting at a young age. They do this using books, videos and activities that stimulate the children’s creativity. Last year’s Shakespeare Week was focused on art and design. It included resources developed by famous authors, illustrators and even a TV host. A new event — a portrait competition — was added to the Shakespeare Week celebration last year. Children 11 years old and younger submitted portraits of Shakespeare to win prizes. This year’s Shakespeare Week, which is going on right now, focuses on the theme of well- being. Its events and resources are designed to promote emotional learning as well as physical, moral and social health. Through the Shakespeare Week activities and events, children get to experience works of art. Organizers hope this will influence their lives and encourage their love of Shakespeare for years to come. 21．What is the outstanding feature of Shakespeare’s plays? 22．What themes of Shakespeare Week are mentioned in the passage? 23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better. 24．What kind of activity would you plan for Shakespeare Week?(In about 40 words) 【答案】21．His language 22．Art and design; well-being 23．By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better.；Because the purpose of Shakespeare Week is not to help children better prepare for exams, but to give them a more positive experience of Shakespeare. 24．I would plan a drama performance activity for Shakespeare Week. Students can choose a scene from one of Shakespeare’s plays and act it out, which would help them understand and appreciate his works better. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莎士比亚的作品及其影响，以及莎士比亚周活动的举办目的和主题。 21．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The thing that makes his plays stand out, though, is their language.(然而，让他的戏剧脱颖而出的却是他的语言)”可知，莎士比亚戏剧的突出特点是其语言。故答案为：His language。 22．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Last year’s Shakespeare Week was focused on art and design.(去年的莎士比亚周专注于艺术和设计)”和第五段中的“This year’s Shakespeare Week, which is going on right now, focuses on the theme of well-being.(今年的莎士比亚周，现在正在进行，关注的主题是幸福)”可知，文章中提到了莎士比亚周的主题有艺术和设计以及福祉。故答案为：Art and design; well-being。 23．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The purpose of Shakespeare Week is to give children a more positive experience with Shakespeare, starting at a young age.(莎士比亚周的目的是让孩子们从小就对莎士比亚有更积极的体验)”可知，莎士比亚周的目的是为了让孩子们对莎士比亚有更积极的体验，而不是为了让他们更好地准备考试。因此，“because they can prepare for exams better”这部分表述是错误的。故答案为：By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better.；Because the purpose of Shakespeare Week is not to help children better prepare for exams, but to give them a more positive experience of Shakespeare. 24．考查开放性问答。对于莎士比亚周的活动计划，可以围绕莎士比亚的作品和人物进行创作或表演活动。例如：我会为莎士比亚周计划一场戏剧表演活动。学生们可以选择莎士比亚戏剧中的一个场景进行表演，这将有助于他们更好地理解和欣赏他的作品。故答案为：I would plan a drama performance activity for Shakespeare Week. Students can choose a scene from one of Shakespeare’s plays and act it out, which would help them understand and appreciate his works better. （23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Marva Collins’ journey as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned to teach at a public school in Chicago. At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges. Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the potential to learn and succeed, she set out to create a classroom environment that would foster a love of learning, a sense of discipline, and a belief in oneself. Collins first established a rigorous academic curriculum that would challenge her students to reach their full potential. She taught her students traditional subjects and also emphasized critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity. Her teaching methods were highly effective, and students soon began to show remarkable progress. But Collins’ greatest achievement was the founding of the Westside Prep School, which she started in 1975. The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. At the Prep School. Collin s stressed the importance of discipline and hard work. She expected her students to arrive on time, in uniform, and ready to learn, and she installed in them a sense of responsibility and accountability. Collins also emphasized the importance of building relationships between teachers and students. She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, are she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. Under her leadership, the Prep School became known for its high academic standards and its ability to help struggling students. Many of the school’s graduates went on to attend top colleges and universities, and some went on to become leaders in their fields. Collins’ impact on education was recognized by educators around the world. Today, her legacy lives on. Her emphasis on discipline, hard work, and relationships continues to be a model for effective teaching, and her belief in the potential of every student continues to inspire educators to make a difference in the lives of the at-risk students. 25．What challenges did Collins face as a new teacher? 26．Why was the Prep School considered the “haven for learning”? 27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. 28．Which one of Collin’s teaching beliefs impresses you most? Why? (In about 40 words) 【答案】25．Low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. 26．Because the school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially. 27．To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. Because Collins encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. 28．Collins’ emphasis on discipline and diligence impresses me most. It teaches me that success doesn’t come easily but is built on dedication and personal efforts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way for one’s goals. 【导语】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述了Marva Collins作为一名教师的生涯，她的教育理念，以及她创立Westside Prep School的过程和成就。文章通过叙述她的教学实践、成就和影响，展现了她对教育的贡献和她作为教育者的形象。 25．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges. Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”.  (当时，学校受到学术标准低下和学生行为不端的困扰。尽管有这些挑战。柯林斯决心帮助那些被贴上“困难”或“有风险”标签的学生。)”可知，柯林斯作为新教师面临的挑战包括学术水平低，学生行为不端的问题。故答案为：Low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. 26．考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. (学校为学生提供了一个安全、有教养的学习环境，学生可以在学业和社交方面茁壮成长，因此被认为是“学习的天堂”。)”可知，Prep School被认为是“学习的天堂”是因为它为学生提供了安全和培养的环境，使他们在学业和社会交往上都能茁壮成长。故答案为：Because the school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially. 27．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, are she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences.(她相信牢固的人际关系是有效教学的基础，因此她鼓励老师根据学生的个体差异进行个性化教学。)”可知，柯林斯实际上鼓励教师根据学生的个体差异个性化教学，而不是将学生视为一个没有差异的整体。该陈述：“为了实现有效教学，柯林斯鼓励她的教师与学生建立牢固的关系，并将他们作为一个整体来教学。”中错误的部分是“并将其作为一个整体来教学”，故答案为：To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. Because Collins encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. 28．开放性问题。Collins对纪律和勤奋的强调给我留下了最深刻的印象。它告诉我，成功来之不易，而是建立在奉献精神和个人努力之上的。这种信念在现实生活中至关重要，因为它塑造了性格，为实现目标铺平了道路。故答案为：Collins’ emphasis on discipline and diligence impresses me most. It teaches me that success doesn’t come easily but is built on dedication and personal efforts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way for one’s goals. （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What We Really Know About ASMR If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok, you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone, carefully slicing stacks of slime, or slowly ripping strips of paper. These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood, relaxation, and even pain relief. But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video?A systematic review published seeks to answer that question. German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects. But first, where did this idea come from?There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s. The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health-focused website in2007. A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010. Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. They also explored its benefits. Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation. In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. Despite the encouraging results, the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants; more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR. Luckily, it’s true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair, whispering, and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief. The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. So if you’re feeling anxious or stressed, it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help! 29．What is an autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)? 30．According to the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us? 31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. 32．Besides watching ASMR videos, what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed? 【答案】29．(ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. 30．It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short-term memory. 31．Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among people. According to the passage, the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals. 32．Possible version 1: Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my problem more readily. (41w) Possible version 2: I may talk my problem out with my parents or friends. Through an in-depth chat, I may clear my mind and work out some plausible ways to deal with the problem causing my anxiety. (34w) 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了自主感官经络反应（ASMR）的概念、其常见触发因素、对身心健康的潜在益处，以及目前研究存在的局限性。 29．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. (这些视频旨在触发自主感觉经络反应，即ASMR，一种愉快的感觉，从头顶向下到颈部后部，再到脊柱上部。)”可知，自主感官经络反应（ASMR）是一种令人愉快的感觉，从头顶向下延伸至颈部后方，直至上脊柱。故答案为：(ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. 30．考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety.  Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory.  In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation.  In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. (明确的证据表明，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑。数据还显示，它可以改善短期记忆。在特定情况下，观看ASMR视频的参与者心率和血压较低，这是放松的身体信号。此外，他们还发现ASMR会触发与放松和减压相关的大脑活动模式。)”可知，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑，改善短期记忆。故答案为：It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short-term memory. 31．考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. (基于之前的研究，研究人员得出结论，触发因素包括耳语、敲击声和自然声音，值得注意的是，ASMR的具体触发因素和反应强度因人而异。)”可知，不同人对相同触发因素的反应强度可能不同，而非相似。因此，错误部分为：“they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people (它们可能会在不同人中引起相似强度的反应)”，因为实际上反应强度是因人而异的。故答案为：Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. According to the passage, the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals. 32．开放性问题。如果时间允许，我可以到一个陌生的地方去城市散步。在一个新地方漫无目的地游荡会让我精神焕发，把我的注意力从导致我压力的原因上转移开。心情轻松，我可以更容易地面对我的问题。故答案为：Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my problem more readily. （23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? If you answer “yes” to any of the questions, then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms (症状) are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先) over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young． So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. 33．What is a textaholic? 34．What causes a person to be a textaholic? 35．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.   To cure text addiction, individuals should refuse to respond to messages and spend quality time with friends and family. 36．To help a textaholic, what other suggestions would you give him or her? (In about 40 words)   【答案】33．A textaholic is a person who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. 34．The desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. 35．To cure text addiction, individuals should refuse to respond to messages and spend quality time with friends and family. To cure text addiction, one should check and respond to messages only at certain times of the day. To cure text addiction, one should resist the urge to answer every message he or she receives. 36．One can engage in alternative activities that are enjoyable and fulfilling, such as hobbies or exercise, to divert attention from texting. Besides, one can seek professional help to address underlying emotional issues that may be driving the addiction. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是短信上瘾以及克服上瘾的方法。 33．考查细节理解。根据第二段“A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages.(短信控可以定义为沉迷于发送和接收消息的人)”可知，短信控指的是沉迷于发送和接收信息的人。故答案为：A textaholic is a person who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. 34．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.(与许多成瘾一样，问题的根源是渴望摆脱压力、焦虑和关系问题等情绪困难)”可知，渴望摆脱压力、焦虑和关系问题等情绪困难可能导致一个人成为短信控。故答案为：The desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. 35．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages.(确保你克制住回复每一条信息的冲动，并考虑在外出时偶尔把手机放在身后。最重要的是，要花时间与朋友和家人共度美好时光，花时间重新学习面对面交谈的艺术，而不是通过短信来建立关系)”可知，为了治疗短信成瘾，人们应该在一天中的特定时间检查和回复信息，克制住回复每一条信息的冲动，花时间与朋友和家人共度美好时光。故答案为：To cure text addiction, individuals should refuse to respond to messages and spend quality time with friends and family. To cure text addiction, one should check and respond to messages only at certain times of the day. To cure text addiction, one should resist the urge to answer every message he or she receives. 36．开放性题目。答案不唯一，合理即可。人们可以从事令人愉快和充实的替代活动，如爱好或锻炼，以转移人们对发短信的注意力。此外，人们可以寻求专业帮助来解决可能导致成瘾的潜在情绪问题。故答案为：One can engage in alternative activities that are enjoyable and fulfilling, such as hobbies or exercise, to divert attention from texting. Besides, one can seek professional help to address underlying emotional issues that may be driving the addiction. （23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The legendary horror author H. P. Lovecraft wrote that “the oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown.” Uncertainty causes people to see threats everywhere they look, and at the same time it makes them likely to react emotionally. Even minor periods of unpredictability can cause significant negative effects. Research on traffic jam, for example, has found that the lack of control drivers feel sends stress and anger levels through the roof. Uncertain bus, train, and plane delays are also major sources of uncertainty-triggered distress. One study found that giving people up-to-the-minute wait times was an effective way to limit anxiety and frustration. Even if the wait for a bus turned out to be long, removing the element of uncertainty made commuters feel better. Different people respond to uncertainty in different ways. Unfortunately, many are unhelpful coping strategies. People who struggle with uncertainty often respond to it by worrying. They also tend to think that worrying will somehow help them prepare for what’s to come. This is false. The more people engage in worrying, the less they feel confident in their ability to solve a problem and the worse their solutions tend to be. Trying to seek out new and helpful information can also backfire. BMC Public Health found that people can only process and make sense of a limited information, and that consuming too much new information can lead to confusion and increased uncertainty. Still, how to remove the effects of uncertainty is food for thought. 37．According to H. P. Lovecraft, what is the oldest and strongest fear? 38．Why can up-to-the-minute wait times limit anxiety? 39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶People who worry more will feel less confident in problem-solving, while their solutions tend to be better. 40．What uncertainty worries you most and how do you deal with it? (In about 40 words) 【答案】37．Fear of the unknown/uncertainty. 38．Because up-to-the-minute wait times can remove the element of uncertainty. 39．People who worry more will feel less confident in problem-solving, while their solutions tend to be better. 40．What uncertainty worries me most is job security. To deal with it, I can enhance my skills, build a strong professional network, and maintain a positive mindset, focusing on what I can control rather than worrying about what I cannot. 【导语】本文体裁属于说明文，主要阐述了不确定性对人类情绪的影响，引用了H. P. Lovecraft的观点来引入话题，并通过实例和研究结果讨论了不确定性如何引发人们的恐惧、焦虑和压力，以及人们应对不确定性的不同方式及其效果。 37．考查细节理解。由文章第一段“The legendary horror author H. P. Lovecraft wrote that “the oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown.” (传奇恐怖作家H. P. Lovecraft特写道：“人类最古老、最强烈的情感是恐惧，而最古老、最强烈的恐惧是对未知的恐惧。”)”可知，根据H. P. Lovecraft的说法，最古老、最强烈的恐惧是对未知/不确定性的恐惧。故答案为：Fear of the unknown/uncertainty. 38．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“One study found that giving people up-to-the-minute wait times was an effective way to limit anxiety and frustration.  Even if the wait for a bus turned out to be long, removing the element of uncertainty made commuters feel better. (一项研究发现，给人们准确的等待时间是一种有效的方法，可以减少焦虑和沮丧。即使等公共汽车的时间很长，消除不确定因素也会让通勤者感觉更好。)”可知，因为长达一分钟的等待时间可以消除不确定性因素，所以可以限制焦虑。故答案为：Because up-to-the-minute wait times can remove the element of uncertainty. 39．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“The more people engage in worrying, the less they feel confident in their ability to solve a problem and the worse their solutions tend to be. (人们越是担心，他们对自己解决问题的能力就越不自信，他们的解决方案也就越糟糕。)”可知，担心得越多的人会对解决问题缺乏信心，而他们的解决方案往往会越糟糕。故答案为：People who worry more will feel less confident in problem-solving, while their solutions tend to be better. Because the more people engage in worrying, the less they feel confident in their ability to solve a problem and the worse their solutions tend to be. 40．开放性问题。不确定性让我最担心的是工作保障。为了应对它，我可以提高自己的技能，建立一个强大的专业网络，并保持积极的心态，专注于我能控制的事情，而不是担心我不能控制的事情。故答案为：What uncertainty worries me most is job security. To deal with it, I can enhance my skills, build a strong professional network, and maintain a positive mindset, focusing on what I can control rather than worrying about what I cannot. （23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Hogan was one of the greatest golfers of the 20th century, an accomplishment he achieved through tireless practice. For him, every practice session had a purpose. He spent years breaking down each phase of the golf swing and testing new methods for each part. The result was near perfection. Hogan finished his career with nine major championships. During his prime, other golfers attributed his remarkable success to “Hogan’s secret”. Today, experts have a new term for his style of improvement: deliberate practice. Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. While regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving performance. When Hogan carefully reconstructed each step of his golf swing, he was engaging in deliberate practice. He was finely tuning his technique. The greatest challenge of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up and putting in your repeated practice is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly overlook small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to transform repeated behaviors into automatic habits. The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes. Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. Too often, we assume we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In reality, we are merely reinforcing our current habits—not improving them. Deliberate practice always follows the same pattern: break the overall process down into parts, identify your weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate your learning into the overall process. Deliberate practice does not mean that you can fashion yourself into anything with enough work and effort, though. While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. 41．What is deliberate practice according to the passage? 42．What is the danger of mindless repetition? 43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice. 44．How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills? (In about 40 words) 【答案】41．Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 42．The danger of mindless repetition is that progress becomes assumed. 43．According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills,so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice；原因为：According to the passage, while human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. 44．I will break down the skill into parts, identify my weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate my learning into the overall process to improve my performance. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是：刻意练习是一种特殊的练习方式，它需要有目的和系统的方法，集中的注意力和提高表现的具体目标。我们可以通过刻意练习来发展自己的技能。然而，这种练习并不意味着我们可以通过足够的工作和努力来塑造自己成为任何东西，因为基因对每个人能达到的极限有影响。 41．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. (刻意练习是指一种特殊的、有目的的、系统的练习。)”可知，刻意练习是指一种特殊的、有目的的、系统的练习。故答案为Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 42．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. (无意识的活动是刻意练习的敌人。一遍又一遍地练习同样的事情的危险在于，你会想当然地认为自己取得了进步。)” 可知，无意识的重复练习的危险在于我们可能会误认为自己在进步，而实际上我们只是在加强当前的习惯，而没有改进它们。故答案为The danger of mindless repetition is that progress becomes assumed. 43．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. (虽然人类确实拥有发展技能的非凡能力，但基因限制了个人的能力。但基因并不能决定成绩。刻意练习可以帮助我们最大限度地发挥我们的潜力。它把潜力变成现实。)” 可知，虽然人类具有非凡的发展技能的能力，但基因决定了个人可以达到的极限，因此不能通过刻意练习实现任何成功，可以联系可以最大限度的帮助我们发挥自己的潜力，把潜力变成现实。原句“According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice.( 根据这篇文章，我们拥有一种非凡的能力来发展我们的技能，所以我们可以通过刻意的练习来取得任何成功。)”指出通过可以联系能够取得任何成功，“任何错误”表述错误，与原文信息不符，因为虽然人类具有非凡的发展技能的能力，但基因决定了个人可以达到的极限，因此不能通过刻意练习实现任何成功。故答案为According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice；原因为：According to the passage, while human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. 44．开放性题目。本题为开放性题目，回答言之有理即可。题目的内容是“How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills?( 你将如何通过刻意练习来发展你的一项技能?)”；本人认为我会将技能分解成几个部分，找出自己的弱点，针对每个部分测试新的策略，然后将我的学习融入到整体过程中，以提高我的表现。故答案为I will break down the skill into parts, identify my weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate my learning into the overall process to improve my performance. （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 45．What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? 46．What are the negative effects of complaining? 47．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. 48．Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】45．To gain redress for displeasure. 46．Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 47．➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 48．(1) Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant. (44) (2) I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. (46) 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲调查数据显示，现在抱怨现象越来越多，而文章建议读者减少抱怨，多点宽容。 45．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Sometimes, complaining is ‘instrumental’, designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. (有时，抱怨是‘工具性的’，旨在获得对不满的补偿，例如糟糕的服务或家庭成员令人讨厌的行为)”可知，“工具性”抱怨的目的是为了获得不满的补偿。故填To gain redress for displeasure. 46．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. (虽然抱怨可能会暂时缓解压力，但从长远来看，这对你的幸福感不利。学者们已经表明，在社交媒体上分享负面情绪的人的幸福感水平较低。抱怨也会降低你周围人的幸福感)”可知，从长远来看，抱怨不利于你的幸福，也会降低你周围人的幸福感。故填Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 47．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Complaining can also be ‘chronic’, a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. (抱怨也可能是‘慢性’的，这是一种不满状态，抱怨者不断思考自己的痛苦，拒绝得到安慰)”可知，抱怨者是拒绝安慰的，而不是获取同情。故正确答案为 “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 48．开放性试题。言之有理即可。其中答案可以为“阅读一直是我处理不满的方式，因为在阅读的同时，我接触到了一个巨大的世界，在那里我可以体验到生活的无限可能性。此外，我从阅读中获得的全新视角使我不满的原因显得微不足道。”，也可以为“我会直面生活中的不满，积极寻求解决方案。与其抱怨，我会找出我不满的根源并采取有效措施。通过这样做，我可以将不满转化为个人成长和积极改变的动力。”故填Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant.或者I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. （23-24高二下·北京通州·期中）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 AI art, aka (又名) computation art or generative art, refers to the creation of any artwork through the use of artificial intelligence programs. This can include art forms like music, photography and video, but in this article we’ll focus on 2D and 3D illustrative art. AI art should not be confused with digital art, which refers to artworks created using any type of digital software. Typically, with digital art, the creator has to employ some level of artistic skill and technique, and understand how to use tools such as Adobe Illustrator. With AI art, in contrast, you typically only have to type in a text prompt (提示词). A finished artwork is then created by generative AI algorithms without any further input needed. AI art is controversial (有争议的) within the art and design professions for two main reasons. Firstly, and most obviously, allowing people to generate art through software means they’re less likely to pay someone to create it by hand. And that’s inevitably (不可避免的) going to lead to job losses and the loss of freelance work to professional artists. The second reason is that AI art generators are trained on art made by humans. Yet in most cases, these artists have not been paid for this sampling of their work. And by copying their style, which they may have taken decades of hard work to develop, AI art generators are arguably carrying out the biggest copyright theft in history. It all reminds us of the story of how an aging Pablo Picasso was one day sketching (素描) in a park. A woman approached him and asked him to sketch her. The famous artist took one look at her, and dashed off an abstract likeness in seconds. She loved it, and asked how much she should pay. “5,000 francs,” he replied. “Why so expensive?” she cried in shock. “It took you less than a minute!” He replied: “No, Madame, it took me a lifetime.” The artist community is now in a similar position, on a massive scale. AI art generators are taking out the equivalent of 5,000 francs of value multiple times a second, and yet artists aren’t getting a penny. A number of court cases are testing out this argument in court. 49．What is AI art? 50．With digital art, what does the creator have to do? 51．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢The author tells the story of Pablo Picasso to show that he is a very great artist 52．Are you a supporter of AI art? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) 【答案】49．It is the creation of any artwork through the use of artificial intelligence programs. 50．The creator has to employ some level of artistic skill and technique, and understand how to use tools such as Adobe Illustrator. 51．The author tells the story of Pablo Picasso to show that he is a very great artist./The author tells the story of Pablo Picasso to show that he may have taken decades of hard work to develop painting skills. 52．I believe that artificial intelligence art tends towards industrialization, which brings convenience but also easily harms the rights of true artists. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了AI艺术的定义、特点、以及它在艺术和设计行业中引发的争议。 49．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“AI art, aka (又名) computation art or generative art, refers to the creation of any artwork through the use of artificial intelligence programs. (人工智能艺术，又名计算艺术或生成艺术，是指通过使用人工智能程序创作的任何艺术品。)”可知，人工智能艺术指的是通过使用人工智能程序创造的任何艺术品。故答案为It is the creation of any artwork through the use of artificial intelligence programs. 50．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Typically, with digital art, the creator has to employ some level of artistic skill and technique, and understand how to use tools such as Adobe Illustrator.(通常，对于数字艺术，创作者必须运用一定程度的艺术技巧和技术，并了解如何使用Adobe Illustrator等工具。)”可知，对于数字艺术，创作者必须运用一定程度的艺术技巧和技术，并了解如何使用Adobe Illustrator等工具。故答案为The creator has to employ some level of artistic skill and technique, and understand how to use tools such as Adobe Illustrator. 51．考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Yet in most cases, these artists have not been paid for this sampling of their work. And by copying their style, which they may have taken decades of hard work to develop, AI art generators are arguably carrying out the biggest copyright theft in history.(然而，在大多数情况下，这些艺术家并没有因为他们的作品样本而得到报酬。通过复制他们的风格（他们可能花了几十年的努力才开发出来)，AI美术生成器可以说是在进行历史上最大的版权盗窃。)”以及第五段“It all reminds us of the story of how an aging Pablo Picasso was one day sketching (素描) in a park. A woman approached him and asked him to sketch her. The famous artist took one look at her, and dashed off an abstract likeness in seconds. She loved it, and asked how much she should pay. “5,000 francs,” he replied. “Why so expensive?” she cried in shock. “It took you less than a minute!” He replied: “No, Madame, it took me a lifetime.”(这让人想起了毕加索在公园里画画的故事。一个女人走近他，让他给她画个素描。这位著名的艺术家看了她一眼，几秒钟内就迅速画出了一幅抽象画。她很喜欢，就问应该付多少钱。“五千法郎。”他回答。“为什么这么贵？”她震惊地叫道。“你花了不到一分钟的时间！”他回答说：“不，夫人，我花了一辈子的时间。”)”可知，作者讲述巴勃罗·毕加索的故事是为了说明艺术家们需要几十年的努力才能培养绘画技能。故原句“The author tells the story of Pablo Picasso to show that he is a very great artist.”中的“he is a very great artist”表达错误。故答案为The author tells the story of Pablo Picasso to show that he is a very great artist./The author tells the story of Pablo Picasso to show that he may have taken decades of hard work to develop painting skills. 52．开放题。要求考生谈谈是否支持AI艺术，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为I believe that artificial intelligence art tends towards industrialization, which brings convenience but also easily harms the rights of true artists. （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Robots help us in many ways — from assembly lines to looking after the elderly. Now they’re turning their attention to coping with climate change by helping to plant trees. Milrem Robotics, an Estonian company, has developed an autonomous robot forester. The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours. The robotic planters are equipped with Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) which uses laser pulses to build up a three-dimensional image of the robots’ surroundings and global positioning (GPS) to navigate precisely. The position of each sapling is recorded in a database as it is planted, which means that a specialized brush cutter version of the robot forester can reduce competitive growth without harming the young trees. The robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could be used to restore natural forests, too. Deforestation (滥伐) contributes 15% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. Conservationists say, “We lose 10 million hectares of trees every year to agriculture and logging and we need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.” A mature tree can capture an average of 0.62 metric tons of carbon dioxide over its lifetime — equivalent to the carbon emissions from driving a car 2,400 kilometres. Tree planting is just one of a range of measures needed to fight climate change and scientists say it’s important to plant the right trees in the right place for it to be effective. These robotic planters are just one of the many new solutions beginning to surface in time for the decade of delivery on climate change. We can do a lot to help in our daily life. 53．What can the robot forester do? 54．According to conservationists, how can we help slow down climate change? 55．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.     Milrem Robotics designed the robot foresters to help speed up deforestation. 56．What else can you do in your daily life to help slow climate change? (In about 40 words) 【答案】53．Planting a hectare of trees in under six hours./Planting a hectare of forest in less than six hours. /The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours. 54．By planting a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss. We need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change. 55．Milrem Robotics designed the robot foresters to help speed up deforestation. According to the passage, the robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could be used to restore natural forests instead of helping speed up deforestation. 56．As a student, I actively play my part in slowing climate change. On one hand, I clearly know paper is made from wood, so I always use both sides of the paper and avoid leaving a lot white space on the page to reduce forest cutting. On the other hand, I usually ride a bike or take a public transport instead of driving for a short distance. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自动植树机器人及其在应对气候变化方面的应用，说明了这种新技术如何帮助解决全球性的环境问题。通过对机器人功能的描述、其在植树方面的优势和效果，以及其在环保领域的重要性等内容的阐述，向读者展示了这一新技术的应用前景和价值。 53．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Milrem Robotics, an Estonian company, has developed an autonomous robot forester. The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.(爱沙尼亚公司Milrem Robotics开发了一款自动护林机器人。新的机器人护林员可以在不到6小时的时间内种植一公顷的森林。)”可知，新的机器人护林员可以在不到6小时的时间内种植一公顷的森林。故答案为Planting a hectare of trees in under six hours./Planting a hectare of forest in less than six hours. /The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours。 54．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Conservationists say, “We lose 10 million hectares of trees every year to agriculture and logging and we need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.”(环保人士说：“我们每年因农业和伐木而失去1000万公顷的树木，我们需要种植1万亿棵树来扭转森林覆盖的损失，以帮助减缓气候变化。”)”可知，环保主义者认为我们需要种植1万亿棵树来扭转森林覆盖的损失，以帮助减缓气候变化。故答案为By planting a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss. We need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change。 55．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“The robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could be used to restore natural forests, too.(机器人护林员是为在商业森林工作而设计的，它也可以用来恢复自然森林。)”可知，机器人护林员是为在商业森林工作而设计的，它也可以用来恢复自然森林。原句“Milrem Robotics designed the robot foresters to help speed up deforestation.”的“to help speed up deforestation.”是错误的，机器人是用来恢复自然森林而不是加快森林砍伐。故答案为Milrem Robotics designed the robot foresters to help speed up deforestation. According to the passage, the robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could be used to restore natural forests instead of helping speed up deforestation。 56．开放题。要求考生谈谈能做些什么来帮助减缓气候变化，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为As a student, I actively play my part in slowing climate change. On one hand, I clearly know paper is made from wood, so I always use both sides of the paper and avoid leaving a lot white space on the page to reduce forest cutting. On the other hand, I usually ride a bike or take a public transport instead of driving for a short distance. （23-24高二下·北京房山·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Skyscrapers (摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. Vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. They believe that we can increase food production by changing our thinking from out to up. Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances. These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal. Experts agree that new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. 57．According to this passage, what could be a big problem? 58．What would be the advantages of vertical farming? 59．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Vertical farms could meet people’s demand for available food all year round, because it could produce crops constantly and crops would not be affected by any problems. 60．In addition to vertical farms, what else do you think can help solve the food shortage? (In about 40 words) 【答案】57．How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet. 58．Minimal environmental impact, no habitat disruption for animals, reduced air pollution, lower transportation costs and effects, constant crop production, and minimal use of agricultural chemicals. 59．The false part is “crops would not be affected by any problems”. Although indoor farming can provide constant production and avoid weather-related issues like drought or flooding, it does not mean crops are immune to all problems. Other factors such as disease, pests, or technical malfunctions could still affect crop growth, so this part of the statement is overly absolute and therefore false. 60．Other solutions to address food shortages could involve improving crop yields through advanced genetics and precision agriculture, promoting sustainable farming practices to preserve soil health, reducing food waste through better supply chain management, and increasing public awareness about balanced diets to reduce pressure on specific food groups. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垂直农场作为应对未来食物需求增长和环境保护的新型农业模式，能够在城市中高效、环保地生产食物。 57．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.(如何满足地球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题)”可知，随着地球人口增加至91亿且可耕种土地面积不变，如何满足日益增长的食物需求成为了一个重大问题。故答案为How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet。 58．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances.(这种食物的种植对环境的影响微乎其微。与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占领大片土地，迫使动物离开栖息地，也不会使用重型农业设备污染空气。这些农场还将减少长途运输粮食的成本和负面影响)”及第四段中“Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.(室内农业可以持续生产作物，作物不会受到干旱或洪水等天气相关问题的影响。此外，用于控制昆虫的农用化学品的使用将是最低限度的)”可知，垂直农业的优点，包括对环境影响小、不破坏动物栖息地、减少空气污染、降低长途运输食物的成本和负面影响、能够持续生产作物以及减少农药使用。故答案为Minimal environmental impact, no habitat disruption for animals, reduced air pollution, lower transportation costs and effects, constant crop production, and minimal use of agricultural chemicals。 59．考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.(室内农业可以持续生产作物，作物不会受到干旱或洪水等天气相关问题的影响。此外，用于控制昆虫的农用化学品的使用将是最低限度的)”可知，室内农业能持续生产且不受天气影响，但并未说作物不会受到任何问题的影响，它们仍然可能受到疾病、害虫和操作问题等问题的影响。因此，所给句子“Vertical farms could meet people’s demand for available food all year round, because it could produce crops constantly and crops would not be affected by any problems.(垂直农场可以满足人们全年对可用粮食的需求，因为它可以持续生产作物，作物不会受到任何问题的影响)”中“crops would not be affected by any problems(作物不会受到任何问题的影响)”这一表述过于绝对，是错误的。故答案为The false part is “crops would not be affected by any problems”. Although $$