Unit 5 Period 3 Grammar-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册学习手册（人教版）

2. (1)for　 (2)apology 3. (1)ignoring　 (2)of 4. (1)Judging　 (2)judgement 5. (1)spotted　 (2)was spotted with　 (3)on 6. (1)when　 (2)was watching　 (3)to close 7. (1)to　 (2)indication 8. (1)of　 (2)intentional　 (3)intentionally 9. (1)In　 (2)wanted 10. (1)to turn　 (2)hesitation　 (3)Without 11. (1)to offer　 (2)permission　 (3)permission 13. (1)patience　 (2)with　 (3)patiently 14. (1)until / to　 (2)delivering 15. (1)to do　 (2)obligated Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、单句语法填空 1. to　 2. apology　 3. to smoke　 4. hesitation　 5. In 6. when　 7. by　 8. patience　 9. based　 10. was spotted 11. ignoring　 12. spotted　 13. seeking　 14. basis 15. postpone　 16. about　 17. to deliver　 18. optional 19. be cheated　 20. permission / being permitted 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. on the basis of 2. without hesitation 3. that 4. floating in the flood 5. Judging by the response of the audience 三、语法填空 1. American　 2. an　 3. carried　 4. Luckily　 5. lost 6. his　 7. which　 8. were making　 9. but　 10. to open Period 3　Grammar 【巩固练习】 1. need　 2. Must　 3. can􀆳t　 4. May　 5. can􀆳t　 6. will 7. may　 8. mustn􀆳t　 9. May　 10. needn􀆳t;may Period 4　Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: Having given me an address,a hospice,she asked,“Could you drive through downtown?” Asked why we didn􀆳t take the shortest way,the small woman told me it was the last chance for her to visit the city. We drove through the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. Besides,she asked me to slow in front of a par- ticular building or corner and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing. At last,she said she was tired and wanted to go to the hospice. Paragraph 2: We drove in silence to the address she had given me,and it was a low building,where the old lady would live the rest of her life. Two nurses who must have been expecting her came out to the cab as soon as we pulled up. I opened the trunk and took the suit- case to the door and the woman was already seated in a wheel- chair. When she asked how much she owed me,without thinking,I said nothing and bent to give her a hug. It was my assistance that helped one of weak people realize her wish. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 6 UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY　 Period 3　Grammar 情态动词和过去将来时 情态动词 一、情态动词的概念 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态,如 需要、意愿、可能、猜测、虚拟等。 情态动词有 一定的词义,但并不完整,必须与动词原形一 起构成谓语,常用的情态动词有 can,could; may,might; must, have to; should, ought to; need; dare; shall; will; would; be able to 以 及半情态动词 be to do,had better 等。 二、情态动词的分类 1. can 与 could can (1) 表示体力或脑力方面的能力,“能 够,能,会”。 Though he was born in Japan,he can speak English. 尽管他出生在日本,但他会说英语。 He is only four,but he can read. 他只有四岁,但已经认字了。 (2) 表示推测,强调一种可能性,多用于 否定与疑问结构中,但也可用在肯定句中, “可能,会”。 Anyone can make mistakes. 每个人都有可能犯错误。 Who can take my book away? 可能是谁拿走我的书呢? (3) 表示许可,允许,在疑问句中表示要 求,在否定句中表示不许,此时与 may 通用。 You can borrow two books from the library a time. 你可以一次从图书馆借走两本书。 You can go now. 你现在可以走了。 (4) 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性 (一时的可能),表示“有时候也会……”。 It can be very cold in the south in winter. 冬季,有时候南方也会很冷。 The child can be very tiresome. 这个孩子有时候也是很烦人的。 (5) 表示惊异、怀疑或不相信的态度,常 用于否定句和疑问句中。 Can hard work change a person that much? 劳作能让人改变那么大吗? How can you be so careless? 你怎么能这么粗心呢? could (1)与 can 一样可以表示能力、可能性、 许可。 She said she could solve the problem in ten minutes. 她说她在十分钟内就能解决这个问题。 He could stay at home. 他可以待在家里。 (2)could 用于委婉、客气地提出问题或 陈述看法,此时 could 并不是 can 的过去式, 所以回答用原形,表示语气更客气些。 —Could I use your knife? 我可以用一下你的刀子吗? —Yes,of course,you can. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 83 当然可以。 (3)can / could 与 be able to 的区别。 两者都可以表示能力,但 can 侧重于自 身具备或客观原因而形成的一种永久性的能 力,只有一般现在式 ( can) 和一般过去式 (could)两种情况;而 be able to 可以用于任何 时态,常常侧重于过去做成了的事或者将来 经过努力后可以做到的事;be able to do sth. 相当 于 manage to do sth. 或 succeed in doing sth. 。 The boy can dress himself now. 这个男孩现在能自己穿衣服了。 With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house. 在消防员的帮助下,他们离开了正在燃 烧的房子。 2. may 与 might may (1)表示许可、询问或说的一件事情可不 可以做,此时相当于 can。 You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以保存两个星期。 You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。 (2)表示猜测、或许、可能,表示一件事情 或许会发生,此时只用于肯定和否定句中,不 用于疑问句。 She may agree to this plan. 她可能会同意这个计划。 He may know where the headmaster lives. 他可能知道校长住在哪里。 (3)may 句式可以表示祝愿。 May you succeed in the coming new year! 祝你在新的一年里取得成功! May you a happy new year! 祝你新年快乐! (4)当回答由 may 引起的问题时,否定 答语要用 must not 等表示“不可” “不应该” “不行”。 —May I watch TV tonight? 今晚我可以看电视吗? —Yes,you may. ( No, you mustn􀆳t. / No, you can􀆳t. / No,you had better not. ) 是的,你可以。 (不,你千万不要。 / 不, 你不能。 / 不,你最好不要。) might(是 may 的过去式,比 may 语气更 弱) (1) 表示过去可以做的事情或可能发生 的事。 He said she might know the news. 他说她可能知道这个消息了。 I wonder if I might borrow some coffee? 我能否借些咖啡? (2) may / might as well 不妨……;无妨 ……(用来提出建议)。 You might as well know the truth. 你知道真相也无妨。 You may as well pay a visit to her when you are on business. 你出差的时候不妨去看看她。 3. must 与 have to must (1) 必须,表示说话人的主观看法(否定 回答用 needn􀆳t 或 don􀆳t have to)。 You must stay at home to look after your mother tonight. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 84 UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY　 你今晚必须待在家里照顾你母亲。 We must do everything step by step. 我们必须按部就班地来做每一件事情。 (2) 表示猜测,“一定” (用于肯定句中, 用于否定 / 疑问句中时,则把 must 变成 can􀆳t 或 Can / Could􀆺?)。 must do 表示对现在的猜测; must have done 表示对过去的猜测。 The man over there must be an engineer. 那边的那个人一定是个工程师。 She must have studied English before. 她以前一定学过英语。 (3) 表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐 烦的感情色彩,“偏偏,非要”。 I am about to go shopping,but it must rain. 我打算去买东西,但天偏偏下雨了。 Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢? (4) mustn􀆳t 表示不允许、禁止、不应该。 You mustn􀆳t read novels in class. 上课禁止看小说。 You mustn􀆳t speak to your mother like that. 你不能那样和你母亲讲话。 have to( have to 比较强调客观需要,must 着重说明主观看法) (1)侧重于客观需要且使用于多种时态, 常常译为“不得不、只好、只得”。 When he was a child, he had to work to support himself. 他小时候就不得不工作来养活自己。 It is too late. I have to leave now. 太晚了,现在我必须走了。 (2)have to 的疑问式常常是 Do / Does+主 语+have to􀆺? have to 的否定式是 don􀆳t / doesn􀆳t have to。 Do you have to go now? 你现在必须走吗? He doesn􀆳t have to be so hurry. 他没必要这样匆忙。 4. should 与 ought to should (1)表示劝告、建议、命令,与 ought to 同 义,但在疑问句中常常用 should 代替 ought to,同时 ought to 更侧重于责任和义务。 You should be kind to the boy;after all,he is only five years old. 你应该对这个孩子好点儿,毕竟,他只有 五岁呀。 As a student,you should make good use of time to study hard. 作为一名学生,你应该好好利用时间来 学习。 (2)表示预测可能性,“可能、该”。 It is already 12 and they should come here now. 十二点了,他们现在该来了。 They should have arrived in Beijing by this time. 他们这时该到北京了。 (3)should have done􀆺本应该做某事(实 际上没做);shouldn􀆳t have done􀆺本不应该做 某事(实际上做了)。 You should have told me the news ahead of time. 你本该提前告诉我这个消息的。 You shouldn􀆳t have spent so much time in 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 85 playing computer games. 你不应该花那么多时间玩电脑游戏。 (4)用于虚拟语气中。 If he should fail to come,ask Xiao Zhang to work in his place. 万一他不来,就让小张代替他工作。 If you were here,I should be happy. 你要是能在这儿,我会很高兴的。 (5)与 how / why / who 等连用或用于表示 必要、 惊奇、 遗憾等的从句中, “ 应该、 竟 然会”。 It is necessary that we should bring in all the crops in a week􀆳s time. 必须在一个星期内把庄稼都收进来。 How should I know it? 我怎么会知道这件事? ought to (1) ought to 后接动词原形,表义务,但 不及 must 那样具有信心。 You don􀆳t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor. 你气色不好,应该去看医生。 Ought you to smoke so much? 你应该抽这么多烟吗? (2)ought to 用于否定句,其否定形式可 缩略为 oughtn􀆳t to。 You oughtn􀆳t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 (3)ought to 在间接引语中表过去时,形 式不变。 He said you ought to tell the police. 他说你应该去报警。 5. need 情态动词、实义动词、名词 作情态动词 (1)常常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句 中,“需要、必须”。 You needn􀆳t pay for the ticket,for it is free. 你不需要付票钱,这是免费的。 If you need go there,please let me know. 如果你有必要到那儿去,请告诉我一声。 (2) need have +过去分词“有必要做某 事”(事实上却没做);needn􀆳t have+过去分词 “没必要做某事”(结果却做了)。 You needn􀆳t have bought that dictionary for him,for he has got one. 你没必要给他买那本字典,他已经有一 本了。 You needn􀆳t have told them about it. 你没必要告诉他们这件事。 作实义动词 need 可以作实义动词,有人称、数和时态 的变化。 The old man needs a cup of water and some food. 这个老人需要一杯水和一些食物。 He could manage it himself, so I didn􀆳t need to help him. 他一个人能对付,所以我不用帮他。 作名词 常用句型如下: It􀆳s no need doing sth. 没有必要做某事。 There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某 事。 There is no need to wait here. = It is no need waiting here. 没必要在这儿等。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 86 UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY　 6. dare 情态动词、实义动词 作情态动词 dare 作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否 定句和条件句中,过去式为 dared。 I dare not go out alone at night. 晚上我不敢一个人出去。 If they dare come,they will never be able to get away. 如果他们敢来,就叫他们有来无回。 作实义动词 (1)dare 用作实义动词时,有人称、数和 时态的变化,后面常常接动词不定式,可以用 于各种时态。 He doesn􀆳t dare to speak to his father. 他不敢同他父亲说话。 How do you dare to speak like that? 你怎么敢那样说? (2)用于固定短语中:I dare say􀆺我敢 说 / 我认为…… I dare say,you are my friend. 我认为你是我的朋友。 I dare say,you are wrong. 我敢说,你错了。 7. shall 助动词、情态动词 shall(shall not 可缩写成 shan􀆳t) 作助动词 助动词表示单纯的将来,用于第一人称 或第二人称的句子中。 We shall reach Yunnan tomorrow. 明天我们就能到达云南。 I􀆳ll be twenty next month. 下个月我就要 20 岁了。 作情态动词 (1)情态动词用于第一、三人称的疑问句 中,表示询问对方的意愿, 但语气较委婉 温和。 Shall we begin the meeting now? 我们现在就开会吗? Where shall we go for our holiday? 我们去哪儿度假? (2)情态动词用于第二、三人称的陈述句 中,表示说话的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心 等,“必须,应该,可以”。 You shall get the answer this afternoon. 今天下午你就可以得到答复了。 (允诺) You shall not leave your post. 你不能离开你的岗位。 (警告) (3)表示根据法律、条例、规章制度等, “应该”。 The interest shall be divided into five parts according to the law. 根据法律,利息应该分成五份。 The students won􀆳t leave, and they shall wait in the classroom until all the papers are collected. 学生们不能离开,他们要在教室里等到 所有的试卷收起来。 8. will 与 would will (1)可以用于各种人称的肯定句、否定句 或疑问句中,表示意愿,愿、要。 We will fight on until final victory is won. 我们一定要一直战斗直到赢得最后胜利。 Will you join our discussion? 你愿意参加我们的讨论吗? (2) 表示功能,能、行。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 87 This will do if there is nothing better. 如果没有更好的,这个也行。 The door won􀆳t open. 这个门打不开。 (3) 表示推测,可能,该是(主要用于第 二、三人称)。 will be 对目前情况的推测;will have+过 去分词对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。 That will be the postman at the door,I sup- pose. 我想门外可能是邮递员。 He will have got home by now. 现在他该到家了。 (4)表示一种习惯、经常性、倾向性,惯 于、总是。 Boys will be boys. 男孩子就是男孩子。 She will sit for hours reading under the tree. 她常常在树底下一连坐几小时看书。 (5)表示命令、指示,“务必、必须、应”。 You will do as I say at once. 你马上照我的话去做。 would would 是 will 的过去式,其用法是“ would +动词原形” 构成过去将来时或单独作情态 动词。 (1)过去时间的意志、愿望和决心,意思 是“愿、偏要”。 I told him that I would help him as much as possible. 我告诉他我会尽量帮助他的。 She said that she would have another try. 她说她愿意再试一次。 (2)委婉提出请求、建议或看法,语气比 will 委婉,肯定回答时用 will。 —Would you like to give me a hand? 你能帮我一把吗? —Yes,I will. 行,我帮你。 Pass me that book,would you? 请把那本书递给我,好吗? (3)表示过去的习惯动作或过去的某种 倾向性。 The wound would not heal. 伤口老是不好。 He would come to me when he was in trou- ble. 他有困难时总是来找我。 【巩固练习】 1. It􀆳s the library! So you know shouting is not allowed here. 2. — I download the article again? —No,you needn􀆳t. 3. —May I have a word with you? —No,you . I􀆳m busy today. 4. — I have your English name,please? —Yes,Helen,H-E-L-E-N. 5. —Who is the boy over there? Is it John? —No, it be him. John is much taller. 6. —You must come back every month. —Yes,I . 7. John come to see us to- night,but he isn􀆳t very sure yet. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 88 UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY　 8. Children play with fire. 9. — I come in,Mr Green? —Yes,come in,please. 10. —Must I finish the work today? —No,you . You 　 finish it tomorrow. 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看 将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 一、would / should do I didn􀆳t know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来。 She didn􀆳t tell me where she would go. 她没告诉我她要去哪里。 二、was / were+going to do She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她马上出发。 I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他要回家。 三、was / were about to do I was about to leave when my uncle ar- rived. 我正要离开,这时我叔叔来了。 四、come,go,leave,arrive,start 的过去进 行时表过去将来 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车明天上午六点离开。 She told me she was coming to see me. 她说她要来看我。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 89