Unit 1 Period 3 Grammar-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册学习手册（人教版）

UNIT 1　FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS　 Period 3　Grammar 现在分词、不定式所作成分 一、现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语时,句子的主语就是该 分词的逻辑主语。 现在分词作表语时,其逻 辑主语与之是主动关系,所表示的动作一般 与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 1. The news sounds . A. encouraging　 　 　 B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析:根据语法分析可知,sounds 在此句 中用作连系动词,待选部分应作表语; the news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系, 即消息鼓舞人心。 因此,该题应选 A。 2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time? —Well,his father seems with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析:根据语法分析可知,seems 在此句 中用作连系动词,待选部分作表语。 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系,即成绩 使他的父亲高兴。 因此,该题应选 C。 3. —How did the audience react to the new play? —They got very . A. excite B. excited C. excitedly D. exciting 简析:根据语法分析可知,got 在此句中 用作连系动词,待选部分作表语,they 对于动 词 excite 来说应是被动关系,即那出新戏使 观众激动。 因此,该题应选 B。 二、现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足 语,对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。 现在分词作宾语补足语时,句子的宾语 就是该分词的逻辑主语。 其逻辑主语与现在 分词之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与 句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 1. The next morning she found the man in bed,dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析:根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句 中应作宾补,补充说明宾语 the man;宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系,且 lie 这个动作与谓语 found 同时进行。 因此,该题 应选 A。 2. —Good morning. Can I help you? —I􀆳d like to have the package ,madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析:根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句 中应作宾补,补充说明宾语 the package; the package 对于动词 weigh 来说只能是被动关 系。 因此,该题应选 D。 3. If you wave your book in front of your 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 11 face,you can feel the air against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析:使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表 示宾语正发出的动作。 因此,该题应选 B。 三、现在分词作状语 现在分词一般在句子中作时间、原因、方 式或伴随等状语。 现在分词作状语时,逻辑 主语与其之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一 般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 1. “ Can􀆳t you read?” Mary said, to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析:考查现在分词作伴随状语,通过副 词 angrily 进行干扰。 若 B 选项改为 and pointed angrily 也对。 因此,该题应选 A。 2. a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析:考查非谓语动词的否定式是在其 前直接加 not 。 若动作发生在主句动作之前, 用非谓语的完成式。 因此,该题应选 C。 3. The visiting Minister expressed his sa- tisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析:考查现在分词作补充说明的状语。 因此,该题应选 C。 综上所述,正确认定逻辑主语是正确使 用分词的关键。 明白这一道理并不难,最重 要的是要养成“分析句子成分———寻找逻辑 主语———判断主、被动关系”这一思维定式。 再如: ①Hearing the news,they got excited. ⇨ 现在分词　 　 逻辑主语 When they heard the news,they got excited. 从这个例句中看出,现在分词的发出者 是主句的主语 they,且主句的主语与现在分 词形成主谓关系。 ②She got home,feeling very tired. 逻辑主语 　 　 现在分词 主句的主语与 feeling 形成主谓关系。 ③Crossing the road,I saw a girl crying. ⇨When I was crossing the road,I saw a girl crying. ④ Climbing the step, he heard a terrible voice. ⇨ When he was climbing the step, he heard a terrible voice. 注:主句的主语与从句的主语一致,从句 谓语中含有 be 动词,除了省略其连接词 be- cause,if,once,when 和从句中的主语,还要省 略其 be 动词。 当从句中出现“主语+n. / adj. ”,且该从 句的主语与主句的主语一致时,用 be 动词的 现在分词形式,即“being +n. / adj. ”。 ⑤Because he is a child,he can􀆳t enter the inter-bar. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 12 UNIT 1　FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS　 ⇨Being a child,he can􀆳t enter the inter-bar. ⑥Because he is excited, he speaks inco- herently. ⇨Being excited,he speaks incoherently. 当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时, 那么从句的现在分词是独立主格结构。 从句 中的主语不能省略。 ⑦Weather permitting ,we􀆳ll go camping. 　 　 　 现在分词的 逻辑主语 主语 　 　 　 　 　 　 主语不一致 ⇨If weather permits,we􀆳ll go camping. 　 　 形成主谓关系 ⑧ He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her. ⑨ I feel very excited, this being the first time to win first prize. 从上面可以看出,主句中的主语与从句 中的主语不一致,从句中的主语与现在分词 形成主谓关系。 因此,现在分词前不能省略 其主语。 四、现在分词的时态和语态 现在分词的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 (指动作通常是 一般性的动作,既不明确 说明发生在现在,也不说 明发生在过去、将来) doing being done 完成式 ( 指-ing 形式的 完成式发生在主句的谓 语的动作之前) having done having been done ①Not knowing her address,I wasn􀆳t able to contact her. ⇨knowing 为一般式 ②Having bought our tickets,we went 　 　 　 we 与 buy 为主动关系 into the cinema. 从②的句意中得知,买票的动作发生在 进电影院之前,所以要用 having done 的形式。 ③Having cleaned the classroom,he went 　 　 　 he 与 clean 为主动关系 home. ④Having been told many times,he still 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 he 与 tell 为被动关系 made the same mistake. 有些现在分词作状语是固定结构,要记 住, 如 judging from / by, generally speaking, turning to 等。 ①Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner. ②Generally speaking,his answer is right. ③Turning to the left,he saw a bus passing. 五、不定式 不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因、结 果、比较或独立的成分。 表示原因、结果时, 不可置于句首。 ①She shut the window to keep the insects out. (表目的) ②To get a job,he needs a PhD. ⇨He needs a PhD in order to get a job. ③To find a job, he attended many inter- views. ⇨He attended many interviews in order to 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 13 find a job. 注:当不定式位于句首表目的时,相当于 in order to 或 so as to。 ④You were silly not to have locked your car. (表原因) ⑤To be honest, I don􀆳t think we have a chance of winning. 常见的这类短语有 to be frank ( 坦白 说),to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首 先),to make a long story short(长话短说)等。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 14 参考答案与解析　 　 参考答案与解析 UNIT 1　FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Culture Background Analysis 1—5　 TFTFT Period 1　Reading and Thinking Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. (1)were dressed up (2)dressed himself up (3)dressed 2. (1)Congratulations on (2)congratulate yourself on 3. 你不应该责备那个男孩;毕竟他还是个孩子。 重要的 是他总共就犯了两个错误。 Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 1. in　 2. dressed　 3. on　 4. congratulations; on 5. congratulations　 6. dress up　 7. Dressed in a red coat, she looks more beautiful. 　 8. congratulations to　 9. After all 　 10. All in all, every road leads to Rome, and I do believe hard work pays off. Ⅳ. 语法填空 1. congratulations　 2. of　 3. to get　 4. doing　 5. dressed 6. it　 7. at　 8. the　 9. responsible　 10. decisions　 Period 2　Reading and Thinking Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. (1)a wide range of　 (2)ranging 2. (1)史蒂夫·乔布斯是电子领域的重要人物,因为他对 现代生活和科技方面有非常大的影响。 (2)我们的教科书上有许多图形来帮助解释文本。 (3)figure out 3. (1)I would be very grateful (2)I am deeply grateful to my parents. 4. (1)is typical of (2)It is typical of him to keep others waiting. 5. (1)In spite of (2)尽管交通阻塞,他还是能准时到达。 6. (1)reflected (2)reflecting 7. (1)it is a special occasion for family reunion (2)on occasion 8. (1)had a lot in common (2)have in common rather than differences Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 1. ranging　 2. out　 3. injured　 4. following　 5. to;for 6. of　 7. on / upon　 8. it　 9. how　 10. occasions　 11. how 12. it　 13. recognizing　 14. to discuss　 15. reflection Ⅳ. 语法填空 1. how　 2. traditional　 3. is celebrated　 4. for　 5. European 6. an　 7. to avoid　 8. spending　 9. beliefs　 10. that / which Period 4　Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 She sat up in the silent night and Stephen was sound asleep. She got out of the bedroom and ran to the poor trout with a pot. Al- though she was scared in the darkness, a sense of responsibility welled up in her heart. “ Never can the small hole be your pri- son,” she murmured to the panting creature, “but how can I rescue you from the deep hole?” Suddenly, it dawned on her that maybe she could fill the hole with water like a fairy. Next three hours wit- 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 1