Unit 3 Getting along with others 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（译林版2020）

Unit 3 Getting along with others 单元话题阅读理解练习 （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·阶段练习）“All right, class, settle down! Today, I’m requiring you to use new words to write about your best friend. I don’t want to hear that your best friend is nice. I want to know how,” my Spanish teacher, Senora Morales, shouted at the class. I slowly began to write. My best friend is Hayley. She’s a soccer winner who colored her hair red to support her team. She plays the guitar as I do, and we go to perform in school every Saturday. She uses funny English words like “shenanigans”. We’ve been best friends since fourth grade. This is my standard answer to the “best friend” question. The problem is, Hayley isn’t real. I had to come up with an imagined best friend because there have been too many writing tasks asking me to describe this person, too many moments when I’ve replied, “I don’t have one,” and too many times I’ve heard, “Why not? Are you just not the type of person who wants a best friend?” Of course, I have plenty of acquaintances (熟人). But the friend who I can depend on when I am upset doesn’t exist. Not having a best friend means I have no one to text late at night when I can’t fall asleep and no shoulder to cry on when I fail my performance. As I look through my phone, I ask myself, “What would Hayley say to me right now?” As an imagined character, Hayley can say what my mind tells her to. So Hayley sits down and puts her arm around me. She tells me, “When you fail, remember that failure is not the end. It’s an opportunity to learn and grow. Don’t be too hard on yourself.” When Senora Morales handed back my paper, she told me, “She seems like a great friend!” “Yeah,” I grinned (咧嘴笑). “she’s the best friend I’ve ever had.” 1．What can we learn about the author at school? A．She avoided the society of others. B．She performed well in her studies. C．She joined a soccer team. D．She played music regularly. 2．What does the author want to tell us about in paragraph 3? A．How she got along with Hayley. B．Why she made up an imagined character. C．Her imagined best friend. D．The troubles she met at school. 3．What is the most important factor of being the author’s best friend? A．Sharing the same interest with her. B．Having good communication skills. C．Keeping her company all the time. D．Giving her emotional support. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A friendship trouble B．The “best friend” question C．My school life D．A Spanish lesson （23-24高一上·江苏·阶段练习）Friendships can have a major impact on your health and happiness, but it’s not always easy to develop or maintain friendships. It’s necessary to understand the importance of social connection in your life and how to meet new friends. Good friends are good for your health. Friends can help you celebrate good times and provide support during bad times. Friends prevent isolation and loneliness and give you a chance to offer needed companionship, too. Friends also play a significant role in promoting your overall health. Adults with strong social connections have a reduced risk of many significant health problems, including depression, high blood pressure and an unhealthy body mass index (BMI). In fact, studies have found that older adults who have meaningful relationships and social support are likely to live longer than their peers with fewer connections. Many adults find it hard to develop new friendships or keep up existing friendships. Friendships may take a back seat to other priorities, such as work or caring for children or aging parents. You and your friends may have grown apart due to changes in your lives or interests. Or maybe you’ve moved to a new community and haven’t yet found a way to meet people. Developing and maintaining good friendships takes effort. The enjoyment and comfort friendship can provide, however, makes the investment worthwhile. So, what are some ways to meet new friends? It’s possible to develop friendships with people who are already in your social network. Think through people you’ve interacted with— even very casually— who made a positive impression. If anyone stands out in your memory as someone you’d like to know better, reach out. Ask mutual friends or acquaintances to share the person’s contact information, or— even better— to reintroduce the two of you with a text, email or in-person visit. Extend an invitation to coffee or lunch. To meet new people who might become your friends, you have to go to places where others are gathered. Don’t limit yourself to one strategy for meeting people. The broader your efforts, the greater your likelihood of success. Persistence also matters. Take the initiative rather than waiting for invitations to come your way and keep trying. You may need to suggest plans a few times before you can tell if your interest in a new friend is mutual. 5．What does the underlined word “isolation” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Challenge. B．Relaxation. C．Separation. D．Determination. 6．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Friendship can help people live longer. B．Support from friends during tough times. C．Some suggestions on how to make friends. D．Friendship’s positive impacts on people’s health. 7．How many difficulties in developing and maintaining friendships are mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．2. B．3. C．4 D．5. 8．Which of the following way of making friends is mentioned in the passage? A．Make one strategy for meeting people. B．Wait for invitations to come your way. C．Contact those who ever impressed you a lot. D．Share your personal contact information online. （22-23高一上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to Make Friends with Foreigners. Naturally, as a foreigner who has been living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter. One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite annoyed. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an “opportunity” to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, you should practise speaking English with him or her. The writer goes on to say that if the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also potentially (潜在的) damaging to the relations between Chinese and foreigners in China. Like most other “Lao Wai” living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living within a culture far removed from our own familiar ways. However, most of the time this cultural isolation (孤独) is something I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been very rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the most swiftly developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends. Unfortunately, I have also come across many Chinese people who view me purely as an “opportunity” to improve their oral English under the guise (伪装) of making friends. I have experienced the situation where people followed me from town to my college flat and then harassed (骚扰) me to teach them English or practise English with them. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me to help with immigration applications to other countries. All of these people claimed at the time that what they mainly wanted was to make friends with me. There was even one person at the weekly English Corner that I run at college who, after asking me non-stop questions for half an hour, became very angry when I politely asked him to give other people a chance to speak. He puffed himself up like a peacock and informed me that he was simply trying to be my friend. He may well have thought he was trying to be my friend, but it’s absolutely not a polite way to build friendships by pestering another person. Friendship for a lot of westerners is about spending time with someone whose company you genuinely (真正的) enjoy. It’s not about opportunities or personal advantages. The Chinese friends I have made while living here have been genuine friends to me; we enjoy each other’s company for its own sake. In this way, we’ve not only learned a good deal about each other’s culture but also about each other as individuals. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships gradually, over a period of time, not instantly. Don’t burden foreigners with lots and lots of different questions. At times, this approach appears confusing and unnatural. Finally, I would suggest that if you really want to make friends with a foreigner, then you do so because you are genuinely interested in the person. We all know that true friendships stand the test of time. If your only reason for becoming friends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long! 9．Why is the author unhappy about the book How to Make Friends with Foreigners? A．Because the book is written by a Chinese. B．Because the book is sold at a small bookshop. C．Because the book sees foreigners as opportunities to improve one’s English. D．Because the book can’t understand how lonely foreigners are in China. 10．The underlined sentence “So far my time in China has been very rewarding.” in Paragraph 3 most probably means_________. A．I find my life in China happy and useful B．I don’t like my stay in China C．I’ve wasted so much time in China D．I can’t control my time while living in China 11．According to the passage, what kind of attitude should we have while making friends with foreigners? A．Foreigners are good opportunities for us to practise our oral English. B．We can ask them to fill in application forms for us at any time. C．Foreigners are different from us, and we can make friends with them instantly. D．If I want to make friends with a foreigner, it’s only because I enjoy his/her company. 12．What can we learn about the author? A．He is a foreigner doing business in China for a year. B．He is a foreign teacher working in China for a year. C．He is a foreigner doing business in China for two years. D．He is a foreign teacher working in China for two years. （21-22高一上·江苏南京·期中）Social media often report concerns like the spread of misinformation, hate speech, and only listening to people that you agree with. That is what we call echo chamber. But how can we really break it apart? One way, make friends, especially friends of another race. I know most people have few black friends. Many people, many white people, could easily go their whole lives without ever getting to know someone of another race, which requires effort. Making a new friend is a hard period. Making a friend of another race is harder yet. You don’t have common experience and instant friendship. And, for Black people, going out of our way to make a white friend requires trust. And this is not to say that white people should go seek out strangers or acquaintances (熟人) and say, tell me about your Black experience. Do not do that. That’s not friendship. That’s a trade. Real friendship means a willingness to listen carefully, and have your views challenged, because your Black friend doesn’t see the world the same way you do. It’s going to require you to do the important work of earning and offering trust, so that, if you make a mistake or misstep, you will have some good will to fall back on. But even before that, it starts with stepping outside your comfort zone. A different social circle isn’t just going to fall in your lap. You’re going to have to think carefully about where you live and where your children go to school, the activities you take part in. That’s because it’s going to be impossible to create a meaningful connection with someone of another race if you’re only around people who look like you. So, these friendships are going to require putting actions behind intentions. 13．What does “it” in the paragraph 1 refer to? A．Echo chamber. B．Hate speech. C．Social media. D．Wrong information. 14．In the author’s opinion,__________. A．most people are willing to make friends of another race B．it is beneficial to make a friend of another race C．friendship with the black needs common experience D．it’s unnecessary for the white to make friends of another race 15．What is the author’s attitude to going seek out Black strangers? A．Unfavorable. B．Favorable. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 16．What does the author suggest doing in the last paragraph? A．Counting on people alike. B．Laying stress on actions rather than intentions. C．Seeing eye to eye with our Black friends. D．Living with different races. （22-23高一上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）What kind of relationship do you think will provide you with more life satisfaction, better health and overall well-being? A romantic relationship? A familial (家庭的) one? Surprisingly, the answer is friendship. However, it’s not possible to have true friends without first making regular friends. Have you ever thought about how long it takes to turn an acquaintance (认识的人) into a true friend? Well, a study published in the April issue of the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships might have the answer to that question. According to lead study author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor at the University of Kansas in the US, we need to spend at least 80 hours with another person to create a true friendship with them. Hall surveyed two groups as they began new chapters in their lives. One group consisted of 429 adults who had recently relocated (搬家), while the other was made up of 112 freshmen from the University of Kansas. The results showed that the more time each person spent together, the faster friendship formed in both groups. But it seemed that Hall wasn’t satisfied. He wanted to find out exactly how many hours it takes to form a friendship. According to the survey, “casual” friends are generally formed after spending about 30 hours together. And people will go from casual friends to regular friends after another 50 hours. However, it takes a lot longer to get really close to someone: A “close” friendship takes about 140 hours to create and “best friends” need about 300 hours. But spending time together isn’t the only factor (元素) when it comes to making friends. “It’s not enough to just be in the company of someone… it matters how you spend the time,” Hall told the Daily Mail. For one thing, as Hall noted, the way we communicate matters. “Catching up, joking around and having meaningful conversation promote intimacy (亲密) and closeness, while small talk actually decreases closeness in the relationship,” he said. And since time is precious, Hall suggested taking advantage of our school years by making as many friends as we can. Hall’s relationship tips: ·Watch a TV series together ·Share jokes and laughter ·Have long, meaningful conversations ·Watch a movie together ·Engage (参与) in friendly competition by playing video games 17．What is the article mainly about? A．Factors that influence the forming of a friendship. B．How people’s personality influences the time it takes to make friends. C．The role that friendship plays in our life. D．The necessity to make true friends in modern society. 18．What similarity do the two groups of people in Hall’s survey share? A．They are of the same age. B．They are good at making friends. C．They study at the same university. D．They just moved to a new environment. 19．How many hours will people need to make a close friend, according to Hall’s survey? A．About 30 hours. B．About 50 hours. C．About 80 hours. D．About 140 hours. 20．What does Hall think helps people develop a closer friendship? A．Joking around with their friend. B．Having more small talk. C．Spending more time together in silence. D．Discussing serious topics. （22-23高一上·江苏淮安·期中）It doesn’t matter if you have one friend or 20,because there are only a few people in this world that can make you truly happy. For me,my family and my three best girlfriends mean everything to me. Some days I didn’t want to go to school because I felt so disappointed in myself but I don’t regret a thing. It makes you stronger as a person,and if you are able to mend your friendships like I have done,then you can do anything. My mom always told me,“Stephanie,remember that a friend is a gift that you give yourself. A friend will make you laugh and be there for the good and the bad. A true friend will never make fun of you. If a friend is a piece of work,then he or she has never been a friend at all. A friend is the biggest gift to yourself.” Everyone is going to make mistakes but please don't push them away,especially if it’s someone you really care about. I know when I make a mistake I beat myself up about it. I just wish someone would have reached out a hand to help me back up on my feet like my best friends did. If someone is new or doesn't have a friend,please reach out and befriend them because that small action could mean the world to them. Now that I’m older,I understand what my mom has been trying to tell me,and now I know that the friends that I choose will also be the kinds of friends that I would want to be surrounded by forever. 21．The writer was unwilling to go to school because________. A．she was disappointed in herself B．she regretted something she had done C．she was busy trying to fix a friendship D．she went to buy a gift for her mother 22．According to the passage,a true friend should be a person that________. A．often gives you gifts B．makes you happy C．does both good and bad things to you D．seldom makes fun of you 23．It can be inferred from the passage that the writer________. A．doesn't have many friends B．doesn't think that friends will make her truly happy C．understands what a friend means to her D．has nothing except her family and three girlfriends 24．If you hope to have a friend,you should do the following EXCEPT________. A．giving advice and offer help if he or she makes mistakes B．regarding him or her as a piece of work C．considering him or her a valuable gift D．trying to treat a newcomer as a friend （23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 25．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 26．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 27．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 28．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）Teens with dominant (占主导地位的) friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to a new research republished from The Conversation. Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend. Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens, but are they always a positive influence? Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends. They predicted (预测) that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. To investigate it, 388 teenagers were surveyed at U.S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, teen participants were asked to answer questions about their close friends’ dominating behaviors: Do they make all the decisions? Do they always get their way? Consistent with researchers’ predictions before, they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision — they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety. Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends take the control, the study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends. 29．Which kind of person below is probably a dominant friend? A．One who knows how to make decisions. B．One who is willing to respect friends’ needs. C．One who always asks friends to buy food for him. D．One who attends the party his friend doesn’t want to. 30．How might most teens with dominant friends feel? A．Lonely. B．Worthless. C．Positive D．Self-respected. 31．What do the underlined words “consistent with” mean in paragraph 5? A．Apart from. B．Satisfied with. C．Unconnected with. D．In agreement with. 32．What might the researchers suggest teens with dominant friends doing? A．Expressing their own needs firmly. B．Taking back control of the relationship. C．Ending the friendship with dominant friends. D．Going with the flow and letting dominant friends take the control. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一次写作任务的经历，描述了心目中最好的朋友的样子，解释了虚构这样一个人物的原因，并介绍了这个虚构的人物对自己的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She plays the guitar as I do, and we go to perform in school every Saturday. (她和我一样弹吉他，我们每个星期六都去学校表演)”可知，作者会定期演奏音乐。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“I had to come up with an imagined best friend because there have been too many writing tasks asking me to describe this person, too many moments when I’ve replied, “I don’t have one,” and too many times I’ve heard, “Why not? Are you just not the type of person who wants a best friend?”(我不得不想象出一个最好的朋友，因为有太多的写作任务要求我描述这个人，太多的时候我回答说：“我没有。”，太多次我听到“为什么没有？你不是那种想要最好朋友的人吗？”)”可知，本段主要介绍了作者之所以会虚构海莉这样一个最好的朋友的原因，一是为了应对写作任务，二是为了避免回答人们的问题。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Not having a best friend means I have no one to text late at night when I can’t fall asleep and no shoulder to cry on when I fail my performance. (没有最好的朋友意味着当我深夜睡不着的时候没有人可以发短信，当我表现不佳的时候没有一个可以依靠的肩膀)”和“So Hayley sits down and puts her arm around me. She tells me, “When you fail, remember that failure is not the end. It’s an opportunity to learn and grow. Don’t be too hard on yourself.” (于是海莉坐下来，用胳膊搂着我。她告诉我：“当你失败的时候，记住失败不是终点。这是一个学习和成长的机会。不要对自己太苛刻。”)”可知，作者认为自己可以和最好的朋友倾诉，自己可以依靠她，她总是能鼓励和安慰自己。由此推知，在作者看来，最重要的是最好的朋友能给予心灵上的慰藉和支持。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者从自己的一次写作任务入手，描述了心目中最好的朋友的样子，解释了虚构这样一个人物的原因，并介绍了这个虚构的人物对自己的重要意义。由此可知，B项“‘最好的朋友’的问题”点名了文章核心，最适合作为标题。故选B项。 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了友谊的好处以及如何克服困难来保持友谊。 5．词义猜测题。根据划线处句子“Friends prevent (朋友防止)”以及“give you a chance to offer needed companionship (给你一个机会，让他陪伴你)” 划线处和and后的loneliness是并列关系，可知，朋友可以防止孤立和孤独。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中心句“Good friends are good for your health. (好朋友对你的健康有好处。)”可知，本段主要讲解的是友谊对人的健康的积极影响。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Many adults find it hard to develop new friendships or keep up existing friendships. Friendships may take a back seat to other priorities, such as work or caring for children or aging parents. You and your friends may have grown apart due to changes in your lives or interests. Or maybe you’ve moved to a new community and haven’t yet found a way to meet people. (许多成年人发现很难发展新的友谊或维持现有的友谊。友谊可能会让位于其他优先事项，比如工作、照顾孩子或年迈的父母。你和你的朋友可能因为生活或兴趣的变化而疏远了。或者也许你搬到了一个新的社区，还没有找到结识朋友的方法。)”可知，在发展和维持友谊中会有三个困难：工作、照顾孩子或年迈的父母；可能因为生活或兴趣的变化而疏远了；也许你搬到了一个新的社区，还没有找到结识朋友的方法。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“If anyone stands out in your memory as someone you’d like to know better, reach out. Ask mutual friends or acquaintances to share the person’s contact information, or— even better— to reintroduce the two of you with a text, email or in-person visit. Extend an invitation to coffee or lunch. (如果在你的记忆中有谁是你想更好地了解的，那就联系他。让共同的朋友或熟人分享这个人的联系方式，或者——更好的是——通过短信、电子邮件或亲自拜访重新介绍你们俩。邀请对方喝咖啡或共进午餐。)”可知，结交朋友的一种方法就是和那些曾经给你留下深刻印象的人交朋友。故选C。 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者发现一本名叫《如何与外国人交朋友》的书里认为外国人是提高英语水平的机会，但是作者认为和一个外国人交朋友应该只是因为喜欢对方的陪伴。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite annoyed. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an “opportunity” to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, you should practise speaking English with him or her.(有一条建议引起了我的注意，我必须说，这让我感到很恼火。在作者看来，外国人是提高你英语口语的“机会”；每当你看到一个外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语)”可知，作者对《如何与外国人交朋友》这本书不满意是因为这本书把外国人看作是提高英语水平的机会。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the most swiftly developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.(我提高了我的中文水平，了解了当今世界上发展最快的国家之一，结交了一些非常亲密的中国朋友)”可知，作者在提高了自己的中文水平，了解了中国并结交了中国朋友，推测划线句子“So far my time in China has been very rewarding.”的意思是“我”发现自己在中国的生活开心而有用处。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句到第四句“Friendship for a lot of westerners is about spending time with someone whose company you genuinely (真正的) enjoy. It’s not about opportunities or personal advantages. The Chinese friends I have made while living here have been genuine friends to me; we enjoy each other’s company for its own sake.(对很多西方人来说，友谊就是花时间和你真正喜欢的人在一起。这与机会或个人优势无关。我在这里生活期间结交的中国朋友对我来说都是真正的朋友；我们喜欢彼此的陪伴，因为这本身就是为了陪伴)”可知，我们在和外国人交朋友时应该保持“如果我想和一个外国人交朋友，那只是因为我喜欢他/她的陪伴”的态度。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Naturally, as a foreigner who has been living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter.(当然，作为一个在中国生活了一年的外国人，我很想知道一位中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议)”和第四段第二句“I have experienced the situation where people followed me from town to my college flat and then harassed (骚扰) me to teach them English or practise English with them.(我曾经经历过这样的情况：有人从城里跟着我到我的大学公寓，然后骚扰我教他们英语或和他们一起练习英语)”可知，作者是一名在中国工作了一年的外教。故选B。 13．A 14．B 15．A 16．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章中作者表达了自己对于和不同种族的人交朋友的看法和建议。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Social media often report concerns like the spread of misinformation, hate speech, and only listening to people that you agree with. That is what we call echo chamber. But how can we really break it apart?(社交媒体经常报道一些担忧，比如错误信息的传播、仇恨言论，以及只听你同意的人的话。这就是我们所说的回音室。但我们怎么才能真正把它分开呢？)”可知，it指的是“回音室”。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Real friendship means a willingness to listen carefully, and have your views challenged, because your Black friend doesn’t see the world the same way you do. It’s going to require you to do the important work of earning and offering trust, so that, if you make a mistake or misstep, you will have some good will to fall back on. But even before that, it starts with stepping outside your comfort zone.(真正的友谊意味着愿意认真倾听，愿意挑战你的观点，因为你的黑人朋友看世界的方式和你不一样。这需要你去做赢得和提供信任的重要工作，这样，如果你犯了错误或失误，你就会有一些善意可以依靠。但即使在那之前，也要从走出你的舒适区开始。)”可知，结交黑人朋友是可以让你得到一些善意，因此在作者看来，结交其他种族的朋友是有益的。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And this is not to say that white people should go seek out strangers or acquaintances (熟人) and say, tell me about your Black experience. Do not do that. That’s not friendship. That’s a trade.(这并不是说白人应该去找陌生人或熟人说，告诉我你的黑人经历。不要那样做。那不是友谊。这是一种交易。)”可推知，作者对去寻找黑人陌生人的态度是不支持。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ A different social circle isn’t just going to fall in your lap.  You’re going to have to think carefully about where you live and where your children go to school, the activities you take part in.  That’s because it’s going to be impossible to create a meaningful connection with someone of another race if you’re only around people who look like you. (一个不同的社交圈不会就这么从天而降。你必须仔细考虑你住在哪里，你的孩子在哪里上学，你参加的活动。这是因为如果你只和长得像你的人在一起，你就不可能和另一个种族的人建立有意义的联系。)”可知，作者在最后一段建议与不同种族生活在一起，和他们交朋友。故选D。 17．A 18．D 19．D 20．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究表明，“随意”朋友通常是在相处约30个小时后形成的，我们需要和另一个人相处至少80个小时，才能和他们建立真正的友谊。研究还发现只是和某人在一起并不重要，重要的是你如何利用时间。研究者Hall建议利用我们的学生时代尽可能多交朋友。 17．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“According to lead study author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor at the University of Kansas in the US, we need to spend at least 80 hours with another person to create a true friendship with them.( 该研究的主要作者、美国堪萨斯大学传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔表示，我们需要与另一个人相处至少80个小时，才能与他们建立真正的友谊。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了影响友谊形成的因素。故A项正确。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Hall surveyed two groups as they began new chapters in their lives.( 霍尔调查了两组开始人生新篇章的人。)”可知，Hall调查的两组人都开始了他们生活中的新的篇章，因此他们去了新的环境。故D项正确。 19．细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“A “close” friendship takes about 140 hours to create and “best friends” need about 300 hours.(一个亲密的朋友要140小时,最好的朋友要300小时)”可知，亲密朋友需要140个小时。故D项正确。 20．细节理解题。根据第九段中的““Catching up, joking around and having meaningful conversation promote intimacy (亲密) and closeness, while small talk actually decreases closeness in the relationship,” he said. (他说:“叙叙旧，开开玩笑，进行有意义的交谈，可以增进亲密感和亲近感，而闲聊实际上会降低亲密感。”)”可知，和他们的朋友开玩笑有助于培养更亲密的友谊。故A项正确。 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了朋友的意义。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some days I didn’t want to go to school because I felt so disappointed in myself but I don’t regret a thing.”（有些日子我不想去上学，因为我对自己感到很失望，但我不后悔一件事。）可知，作者不愿去上学，是因为对自己感到失望。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A friend will make you laugh and be there for the good and the bad. A true friend will never make fun of you. If a friend is a piece of work, then he or she has never been a friend at all. A friend is the biggest gift to yourself.”（朋友会让你开怀大笑，无论遇到好与坏，他都会陪在你身边。真正的朋友永远不会取笑你。如果朋友是一件作品，那么他或她根本就不是朋友。朋友是给自己最大的礼物。）可知，真正的朋友让你开怀大笑。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If someone is new or doesn’t have a friend, please reach out and befriend them because that small action could mean the world to them.”（如果有人是新来的，或者没有朋友，请伸出手和他们交朋友，因为一个小小的举动对他们来说可能意味着整个世界。）可知，在作者看来，交朋友这个小举动对没有没有的人来说意味着整个世界。可推知，作者理解朋友对她的意义。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“A friend is the biggest gift to yourself.”（朋友是给自己最大的礼物。）可知，选项C正确。最后一段中“If someone is new or doesn’t have a friend, please reach out and befriend them ”（如果有人是新来的，或者没有朋友，请伸出手和他们交朋友，）可知，对待新人要和他交朋友，选项D与文意相符；最后一段中“Everyone is going to make mistakes but please don’t push them away, especially if it’s someone you really care about. I know when I make a mistake I beat myself up about it. I just wish someone would have reached out a hand to help me back up on my feet like my best friends did.”（每个人都会犯错误，但请不要把错误推开，尤其是你真正在乎的人。我知道当我犯错误的时候，我会痛斥自己。我只希望有人能像我最好的朋友那样伸出手来帮我重新站起来。）可知，当朋友犯错误时，应该给予朋友帮忙。选项A与文意相符；最后一段中“Now that I’m older, I understand what my mom has been trying to tell me, and now I know that the friends that I choose will also be the kinds of friends that I would want to be surrounded by forever.”(现在我长大了，我明白了妈妈一直想告诉我的，现在我知道我选择的朋友也将是我想永远被包围的那种朋友。)可知，朋友应该是永远相伴。可推知，如果你希望有一个朋友，你不应该把他或她当作是一份工作。所以选项B错误。故选B。 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.(最近的一项新研究发现，平均来说，和一个人在一起大约50个小时后，你就会把他们当作普通朋友，大约90个小时后，你就会成为真正的朋友，大约200个小时后，你就会成为亲密的朋友。)”可知，研究发现与一个人在一起大约50小时会成为普通朋友，相处大约90个小时会成为真正的朋友，而相处大约200个小时后，就会成为亲密朋友。结合第二段中的“He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.(他要求他们评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和时间。)”可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.(该研究的作者、传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔（Jeffrey Hall）邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验——一个是过去六个月刚搬到一个新城市的人，另一个是大学新生。)”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故选C项。 27．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，在一起聊天的时间或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合划线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people(花很多时间和别人在一起真的很容易)”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，划线单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系。由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。 28．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.(在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者，比如被邀请在他们家里吃午饭，更有可能与他们建立更深的关系。)”可知，在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请同事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《对话》杂志发表的一项新研究：朋友占主导地位的青少年患心理健康问题的风险更高，并且提出了解决方案。 29．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend. (占主导地位的朋友往往控制着决策权。他们还可以控制别人的行为，比如让年轻的朋友去参加他们不想参加的聚会。)”可知，一个总是请朋友给他买食物的人可能是占主导地位的朋友。故选C。 30．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends. They predicted (预测) that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. (一些心理学研究人员对拥有强势朋友的潜在心理结果很感兴趣。他们预测，成为这种友谊的一部分可能会让青少年感到无用或焦虑。)”可知，大多数朋友占主导地位的青少年会觉得自己没用。故选B。 31．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends. They predicted (预测) that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. (一些心理学研究人员对拥有强势朋友的潜在心理结果很感兴趣。他们预测，成为这种友谊的一部分可能会让青少年感到无用或焦虑。)”和文章第五段中“they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision — they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety. (他们发现，当青少年在亲密的友谊中感到无能为力时——就像他们的朋友总是做决定一样——他们会经历更低的自我价值和更多的抑郁或焦虑症状。)”可知，第五段中的研究结果和第三段中研究人员的猜测一致，故划线词的意思为“与……一致”。A. Apart from除此之外；B. Satisfied with满意；C. Unconnected with与无关；D. In agreement with与……一致。故选D。 32．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends. (研究结果表明，教育青少年如何建立健康、公平的友谊是很重要的。一个朋友不应该总是觉得自己被指使或无能为力。此外，青少年可能会从开发有效的沟通工具的帮助中受益，这些工具可以向亲密的朋友表达他们的需求。)”可知，研究人员可能会建议那些朋友占主导地位的青少年坚定地表达自己的需求。故选A。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$