Unit 1 Learning for Life Reading A 知识点梳理 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语上外版（2020）选择性必修第一册

2AU1 Reading A 知识点梳理 Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s ignorance. 知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。 · extent (n.) 程度；大小，范围 E.g. It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage. E.g. From the roof we could see the full extent of the park. (coverage) E.g. It is not clear to what extent these views were shared. (degree) 我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。 to a great extent 很大程度上，非常 to some extent 某种程度上，（多少）有一点 Translate: 1. __________________, we are all responsible for this tragic situation. (To a certain extent) 2. 在某种程度上，我同意你的观点。 I agree with you to some extent. · ignorance (n.) /ˈɪɡnərəns/ · ignorant (adj.) be ignorant of ... · ignore (v.) Translate: 1. 掩饰无知要比学习知识更难。 It is harder to conceal ignorance than to acquire knowledge. 2. 他似乎对达尔文的进化论一窍不通。 He seems to ________________________________________________. (be completely ignorant of Darwin's theory of evolution) 3. 大多数人太注重考试成绩，却忽视了学习的真正意义。 Most people put too much emphasis on test scores, but ignore the real meaning of learning. Learning is never limited to classrooms. Instead, it may occur at home, in the laboratory or in nature, which is well illustrated in the following excerpts from three biographies. · limit (v.) = restrict limit sth. to sb./sth. be limited to ... 局限于... E.g. Violent crime is not limited to big cities. 暴力犯罪并不局限于大城市。 Translate: 1. 教历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。 The teaching of history should not ____________________________. (be limited to dates and figures) (n.) E.g. There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。 E.g. His arrogance had no limits. 他极其傲慢。 a time/speed/age limit 时间╱速度╱年龄限制 · occur (v.) to happen发生；出现 Translate: 1. 如果不尊师重教，就会铸下大错，酿成冲突。 Unless we show respect for teachers and attach importance to education, ___________________________________________. (horrible mistakes and conflict will occur) occur to sb. (of an idea or a thought观念或想法) to come into your mind被想到；出现在头脑中 E.g. It didn't occur to him that his wife was having an affair. 他没有想到自己的妻子有婚外情。 Translate: 我真的没有想到，我们有相同的学习经历。 ________________________ we shared the same learning experience. (It never occurred to me that) →occurrence (n.) · illustrate (v.) - illustration (n.) 老师用他自己的三个故事阐述了终身学习的重要性。 The teacher _____________________________________________ three stories of his own. (illustrated the importance of lifelong learning with) I was frequently brought forward to recite when there were visitors. · recite (v.) ~ (sth) (to sb) to say a poem, piece of literature, etc. that you have learned, especially to an audience（尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵，朗诵 → recitation (n.) · frequently (ad.) → frequency (n.) This was a great trial to me, because of my timidity. · trial (n.) 1. [C]~ (to sb) 令人伤脑筋的事；考验 E.g. It is hard for you to imagine the daily trials of living in a poor country. E.g. She was a sore trial to her family at times. 她有时让家人伤透了脑筋。 2. 审讯;审判 E.g. The men were arrested but not brought to trial. 提审 E.g. The terrorists were put on trial six years after the bombing. 提审 be on trial 受审 3. 试验；试用 E.g. The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. （临床试验） * Most inventions are made by/through trial and error. 反复试验（以得出最佳结果） Gradually I acquired a strong taste for poetry, and I willingly learned by heart long passages from our great poets and recited to others. · acquire (v.) to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behaviour（通过努力、能力、行为表现）获得，得到 acquire knowledge and skills acquire a reputation/a taste for ... acquisition (n.) · learn sth by heart = memorize; bear/keep sth. in mind She acquired a strong taste for poetry, and willingly learned by heart long passages from their great poets and recited to others. = She acquired a strong taste for poetry, and willingly learned long passages from their great poets by heart and recited to others. Translate: 记住感兴趣的诗歌对她来说很简单。 It is easy for her to learn by heart the poetry that she is interested in. He was very familiar with Polish and foreign poetry; he even composed poetry himself. · poetry (n.)[u] 诗歌（总称） poem (n.) 诗 poet (n.) 诗人 · compose (v.) ① to produce music, poetry, or formal writing E.g. Beethoven composed a lot of music. E.g. Charles Darwin composed a book call Natural Selection. E.g. Steve Jobs composed an impressive commencement speech. ② to combine together to form a whole E.g. The passage is composed of 3 learning experiences of famous people. be composed of = be made up of = consist of → composition (n.) a 200-word composition one of Beethoven's finest compositions the composition of the atmosphere → composer (n.) 作曲家 E.g. The composer wove three separate melodies into his composition. * weave - wove - woven He learned the meaning of experimental science by aiding his brother in most of his experiments. · aid (v.) to help (n.) first aid 急救 financial aid 财政援助 teaching aids 教学辅助工具 E.g. He gets about with the aid of a walking stick. E.g. A concert was given in aid of famine relief. E.g. A woman in the street saw that he was in trouble and came to his aid. They made all the gases and many compounds. · compound (n.) 化合物；复合物 (adj.) 复合的 e.g. A compound sentence contains two or more clauses. · experiment (n./v.) → experimental (adj.) → experimentally (adv.) Translate: 1. The astronauts _____________________________________________ to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness. 那些宇航员正在进行一系列实验，以更多地了解身体如何适应失重状态。 （are conducting/carrying out/doing a series of experiments） 2. 这所学校正在尝试新的教学法。 The school is experimenting with new teaching methods. 3. Animal rights activists disapprove of ________________________. （experimenting on animals） 动物保护主义者不赞成用动物做试验。 4. 这种理论可通过实验得到证实。 This theory can be confirmed experimentally. The fact that we worked on chemistry somehow got known at school, and was nicknamed ‘Gas’. · somehow (adv.) ① 由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么地 E.g. She looked different somehow. ② 以某种方式（或方法） E.g. I'm not sure how, but somehow or other we'll raise the money. · nickname (n./v.) I was nicknamed .... = I was given the nickname ... · 同位语从句 The fact that we worked on chemistry somehow got known at school, and I … 同位语从句常见句型： The fact that … Word came that … Chances are that … There is no doubt / possibility / proof that … Translate: 同学们叫我“小肉丸子”，这件事让我相当气恼。 I was rather annoyed _________________________________________________________. (at the fact that my classmates nicknamed me “Little meatball”) He and his friends had been taking turns climbing up and down the back of the donkey. = He and his friends had been climbing up and down the back of the donkey in turn / one after the other. take turns doing sth. / take turns to do sth. take sth. in turns do sth. by turn turn (n.) E.g. When it was Mandela’s turn to jump on, the donkey bent its head, embarrassing him in front of his friends. · embarrassing (adj.) embarrassed (adj.) embarrassment (n.) embarrass (v.) make sb. lose face/ lose dignity · dignity (n.) 尊严 E. g. It is the common sense of modern society that old people can live with dignity. → (v.) dignify To shame another person is to make him suffer an unnecessarily cruel fate. · shame (v.) to make sb feel ashamed使羞愧（或惭愧） e.g. His generosity shamed them all.他的大度使他们都感到羞愧。 (n.) ① [u] the feelings of sadness, embarrassment and guilt 羞耻；羞愧 To one’s shame 令某人惭愧的是 ② a shame [sing.]used to say that sth is a cause for feeling sad or disappointed令人惋惜的事；让人遗憾的事 （=pity） E.g. What a shame they couldn't come.他们不能来了，真是遗憾。 E.g. It's a shame about Tim, isn't it?蒂姆的事让人遗憾，你说是不是？ E.g. It's a shame that she wasn't here to see it.真可惜她不能在这儿亲眼看看。 It was in the fields that I learned how to knock birds out of the sky with a slingshot, to gather wild honey and fruits, to drink warm sweet milk straight from a cow, to swim in the clear, cold streams, and to catch fish with twine and sharpened bits of wire. · 强调句句型 It was ... that ... · gather (v.) 聚集；集合 E.g. We gathered some blackberries from the nearby fields. E.g. Detectives have spent months gathering evidence. E.g. A crowd gathered to watch the performance of the street performers. · straight (adj. / adv.) E.g. Mother told me to go straight home after school. (adv.) 直接 E.g. I told him straight that I couldn’t recite the poem. (adv.) 坦率地；直截了当地 E.g. They complained that they had been working for 16 hours straight. (adv.) 连续不断地 E.g. I’ve got straight A’s in the final exam. (adj.) → straighten (v.) · sharpen (v.) sharpen your mind/ear → sharp (adj./adv.) a sharp mind 敏锐的头脑 a sharp bend in the road 急转弯 → sharply (adv.) bend sharply to the right → sharpener (n.) pencil sharpener 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$