内容正文:
U2 A True Story 课文讲解及知识点
1. It was the final sprint of the Santa Barbara XV Grand Prix cyclo - cross race in Spain.
这是西班牙圣巴巴拉XV公路自行车越野赛的最后冲刺阶段。
主语:It
谓语:was
表语:the final sprint of the Santa Barbara XV Grand Prix CYCLO - CROSS race in Spain
知识点:主语it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的名词短语。
短语:the final sprint(最后的冲刺),of the Santa Barbara XV Grand Prix CYCLO - CROSS race(圣巴巴拉XV大奖赛越野自行车赛的),in Spain(在西班牙)
拓展短语:in the final sprint(在最后的冲刺中),the Grand Prix(大奖赛)
2. Fans lined the road to the finishing line, cheering on the competitors.
粉丝们排列在道路两旁,为参赛者加油。
主语:Fans
谓语:lined
宾语:the road to the finishing line
状语:cheering on the competitors(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
知识点:现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随动作。
短语:to the finishing line(到终点线),cheering on(为...加油)
拓展短语:line up(排队),cheer sb. on(为某人加油)
3. Ismael Esteban, in third place, was just ahead of his competitor, Agustin Navarro, with only 300 metres to the finishing line.
伊斯梅尔·埃斯特万(Ismael Esteban)处于第三位,在距离终点线仅300米的地方,他领先于竞争对手阿古斯丁·纳瓦罗(Agustin Navarro)。
主语:Ismael Esteban
插入语:in third place
谓语:was
表语:just ahead of his competitor, Agustin Navarro
状语:with only 300 metres to the finishing line(介词短语作状语)
知识点:插入语用于提供额外信息,不影响句子结构。
短语:in third place(第三名),ahead of(在...前面),to the finishing line(到终点线)
拓展短语:in the lead(领先),only...to do(仅...去做)
4. Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight all the cyclists began to speed up to cross it.
埃斯特万已经连续几个小时竭尽全力地骑行,随着终点线的临近,所有自行车手都开始加速冲刺。
主句:Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours
主语:Esteban
谓语:had been cycling
状语:as hard as he could(状语从句,表示程度),for hours(时间状语)
并列句:and with the finishing line in sight all the cyclists began to speed up to cross it
状语:with the finishing line in sight(介词短语作状语)
主语:all the cyclists
谓语:began to speed up
目的状语:to cross it(不定式短语作目的状语)
知识点:并列句连接两个独立的句子,用and连接。
短语:as hard as he could(尽可能努力地),for hours(数小时),in sight(在视线内),speed up(加速),cross it(越过它)
拓展短语:as...as possible(尽可能...),in the distance(在远处),pick up speed(加速)
5. Then, suddenly Esteban got a puncture.
突然,埃斯特万的自行车爆胎了。
状语:Then, suddenly
主语:Esteban
谓语:got
宾语:a puncture
知识点:副词suddenly用于修饰动词,表示动作发生的突然性。
短语:get a puncture(轮胎漏气)
拓展短语:suddenly realize(突然意识到),a flat tire(瘪胎)
6. What should he do? Give up or continue?
他该怎么办? 放弃还是继续?
主句:What should he do?
主语:he
谓语:should do
宾语:What(疑问代词作宾语)
并列句:Give up or continue?
谓语:Give up(动词原形),continue(动词原形)
知识点:此句为选择疑问句,用or连接两个并列的动词原形。
短语:give up(放弃),continue(继续)
拓展短语:make a decision(做决定),keep going(继续前行)
7. Esteban threw his bike over his shoulders and raced towards the finishing line.
埃斯特万把自行车扛在肩上,跑向终点线。
主语:Esteban
并列谓语:threw...and raced
宾语:his bike(threw的宾语),towards the finishing line(raced的介词短语作方向状语)
状语:over his shoulders(介词短语作方式状语)
知识点:并列谓语表示两个连续的动作。
短语:throw sth. over one's shoulders(把某物扛在肩上),race towards(向...冲去)
拓展短语:carry sth. on one's shoulder(用肩膀扛某物),sprint towards(向...冲刺)
8. Just a few seconds later, fourth - placed Navarro caught up with him.
仅仅几秒钟后,第四名纳瓦罗追上了他。
状语:Just a few seconds later
主语:fourth - placed Navarro
谓语:caught up with
宾语:him
知识点:过去分词短语作定语修饰名词,表示状态或特征。
短语:a few seconds later(几秒钟后),catch up with(赶上)
拓展短语:in a few seconds(在几秒钟内),be placed fourth(排名第四)
9. Surely, he could simply overtake Esteban and come third.
显然,他本可以轻松地超过埃斯特万,从而占据第三名。
主语:he
谓语:could overtake, could come
状语:Surely(副词修饰整个句子),simply(副词修饰overtake),and(连接并列的谓语)
宾语:Esteban
宾语补足语:third(说明come的结果)
知识点:并列句(由and连接两个并列的谓语),副词修饰动词,宾语补足语
短语:come third(获得第三名),overtake sb.(超过某人)
拓展短语:come first/second/last(分别表示获得第一名、第二名、最后一名)
10. But Navarro slowed down and let Esteban run ahead of him.
但纳瓦罗放慢了速度,让埃斯特万跑在他前面。
主语:Navarro
谓语:slowed down, let run
宾语:无直接宾语,但run的逻辑主语是Esteban
宾语补足语:ahead of him(说明run的方向和位置)
并列连词:but(表示转折),and(连接并列的谓语)
知识点:并列句,动词短语作谓语,逻辑主语
短语:slow down(放慢速度),let sb. do sth.(让某人做某事),ahead of sb.(在某人前面)
拓展短语:speed up(加速),get ahead of sb.(超过某人)
11. The two cyclists reached the finishing line with Esteban ahead on foot, Navarro just behind him.
两名自行车手一同冲过了终点线,埃斯特万步行冲线,纳瓦罗紧随其后。
主语:The two cyclists
谓语:reached
宾语:the finishing line
伴随状语:with Esteban ahead on foot, Navarro just behind him(描述到达终点的状态)
知识点:伴随状语,介词短语作状语,副词修饰介词短语
短语:reach the finishing line(到达终点线),on foot(步行)
拓展短语:arrive at/reach/get to(到达某地),by bike/car/plane(通过某种交通工具)
12. Navarro had let Esteban finish in third place, while he came fourth.
纳瓦罗让埃斯特万获得了第三名,而他自己则获得了第四名。
主句:Navarro had let Esteban finish
宾语补足语:in third place(说明finish的结果)
并列句:while he came fourth(表示与主句同时发生的另一件事)
主语:he(指代Navarro)
谓语:came
宾语补足语:fourth(说明come的结果)
知识点:过去完成时,并列句,宾语补足语
短语:in third place(在第三名),come fourth(获得第四名)
拓展短语:in first/second/last place(分别表示在第一名、第二名、最后一名)
13. The audience was amazed at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.
观众们对他的体育精神感到惊讶,纷纷鼓掌欢呼。
主语:The audience
谓语:was amazed, cheered, clapped
状语:at his show of sportsmanship(表示惊讶的原因)
并列连词:and(连接并列的谓语)
知识点:并列句,形容词短语作状语,动词短语作谓语
短语:be amazed at sth.(对某事感到惊讶),show of sportsmanship(体育精神的表现),cheer and clap(欢呼鼓掌)
拓展短语:be impressed by sth.(对某事印象深刻),be delighted with sth.(对某事感到高兴)
14. After the race, Navarro said, "I didn't want to win that way."
赛后,纳瓦罗说:“我不想以这种方式获胜。”
时间状语:After the race
主语:Navarro
谓语:said
宾语:直接引语("I didn't want to win that way.")
知识点:时间状语从句,直接引语作宾语
短语:After the race(比赛结束后),win that way(以那种方式获胜)
拓展短语:before/during/after(表示时间的前、中、后),win in a fair way(以公平的方式获胜)
15. Later, Esteban, who won the bronze medal, tried to give his medal to Navarro.
后来,获得铜牌的埃斯特万试图将自己的奖牌送给纳瓦罗。
时间状语:Later
主语:Esteban
谓语:tried
宾语:to give his medal to Navarro(不定式短语作宾语)
定语从句:who won the bronze medal(修饰Esteban)
知识点:定语从句,不定式短语作宾语
短语:win the bronze medal(获得铜牌),give sth. to sb.(把某物给某人)
拓展短语:win the gold/silver medal(获得金牌/银牌),try to do sth.(尝试做某事)
16. However, Navarro refused, and his response was: "Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him."
但是,纳瓦罗拒绝了,他说:“你把奖牌给我,比我为他做的任何事情都要有价值。”
转折连词:However
主句1:Navarro refused
并列句:and his response was
表语从句:"Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him."(解释response的内容)
知识点:转折句,并列句,表语从句,比较结构
短语:refuse to do sth.(拒绝做某事),be worth sth.(值得某物/某事),do sth. for sb.(为某人做某事)
拓展短语:accept sth.(接受某物),be worth doing sth.(值得做某事),help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做某事)
17. The two cyclists made amazing sporting gestures - Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban's troubles, and Esteban for offering Navarro his medal.
这两名自行车手都做出了令人惊叹的体育精神之举——纳瓦罗没有利用埃斯特万的困境,而埃斯特万则愿意将自己的奖牌送给纳瓦罗。
主语:The two cyclists
谓语:made
宾语:amazing sporting gestures
插入语:—(解释gestures的具体内容)
并列句:Navarro for refusing ..., and Esteban for offering ...
各自的原因状语:for refusing to take advantage of Esteban's troubles, for offering Navarro his medal
知识点:插入语,并列句,原因状语
短语:make a gesture(做出姿态/手势),take advantage of sth./sb.(利用某事/某人),offer sb. sth.(向某人提供某物)
拓展短语:make a face(做鬼脸),take notice of sth./sb.(注意某事/某人),offer help/advice(提供帮助/建议)
18. This was sportsmanship at its very best .
这是体育精神的最佳体现。
主语:This
系动词:was
表语:sportsmanship at its very best
知识点:
主系表结构:用于描述主语的状态或特征。
sportsmanship:名词,意为“体育精神;运动员的风度”。
at its very best:介词短语作定语,修饰sportsmanship,表示“在最佳状态”。其中,“its”是代词,指代前文中提到的某个或某些事物;“very”是副词,用来加强“best”的程度;“best”是形容词“good”的最高级形式,表示“最好的”。
短语及其拓展:
sportsmanship
拓展短语:show sportsmanship(展现体育精神),lack of sportsmanship(缺乏体育精神)
at its very best
类似表达:at one's best(在某人最佳状态),at the best of one's ability(尽某人最大努力)
拓展用法:这个短语可以替换为其他表示“最佳状态”的短语,如“in top form”,“at peak performance”等。
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