专题3.2.3 非谓语动词之动词不定式（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）-2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】

2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】 专题3.2.3 非谓语动词之动词不定式 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2024年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中动词不定式易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(动词不定式专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1　动词不定式作宾语或补足语 考向2　动词不定式作主语或表语 考向3　动词不定式作定语 考向4　动词不定式作状语 考向5　动词不定式的固定搭配 非谓语动词 动词不定式的形式及句法功能 非谓语动词 动词不定式的核心考点 考向1　动词不定式作宾语或补足语 单句语法填空 1. (2024年新课标高考I卷) These sepals open on warm days _______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 to give 2. (2024年全国高考甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 to catch 1.重温高考真题 3. (2023·全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ______ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill ...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。decide whether to do sth.“决定是否做某事”，用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 4. (2023·全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。 to bite to be lifted 5. (2019·浙江卷) But some students didn’t want ________ (wear) the uniform. 【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。 to wear 6. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _______ (stay) and watch. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦他的信息传达出去，他就允许我留下来看。固定短语allow sb. to do允许某人做某事，应该用to do ......。故填to stay。 to stay 7. (2017·全国Ⅰ) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。require sth./sb. to do sth.需要某物/某人做某事，此处用其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。故填to process。 to process 8. (2017·全国Ⅲ) But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事，动词不定式作want的宾语。故填to prove。 to prove 考向2　作主语或表语 单句语法填空 1. (2021·全国甲卷) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是一个句型：It is possible to do ...。分析句子结构可知，句首的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to walk。 to walk 2. (2019·全国III卷) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ______ (get) there. 【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，作主语代替形式主语it。故填to get。 to get 3. (新课标全国Ⅰ) It took years of work __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes/took + 时间 + to do sth.。 to reduce 考向3　作定语 单句语法填空 1. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填to journey。 to journey 2. (四川) For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ______ (eat)! 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。故填to eat。 to eat 考向4　作状语 单句语法填空 1. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __ (visibility), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _______ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 to find 2. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra __________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空白处句子意为：然而，如果你正在为自己一人购物，仅仅为了享受价格折扣而多买是不明智的。根据句意及句子结构可知，空白处应用动词不定式作 buying extra 的目的状语。 to benefit 3. (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) — ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 to teach 4. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，......以提高效率......。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。 to increase 5. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 　______ (see) them. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用to see。 to see 6. (2022·全国乙卷) _____________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处需用不定式表目的，“为了加强和年轻人的联系，......”。故填To strengthen。 To strengthen 7. (2021·全国II卷) I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate) people about this problem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to educate。  to educate 8. (2019·江苏卷) _________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故填不定式To enjoy。 To enjoy 9. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit. 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。 10. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词连接且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。 to see to improve 11. (2017·浙江) Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ________ (cook) a meal. 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。Pahlsson当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to cook。 12. (全国Ⅲ) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _________ (create) special designs. 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句中已有谓语combine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，combine various hardwoods and metal的目的是to create special designs，故填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to create。 to cook to create 13. (2019·全国I卷) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因等状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故填to perform。 to perform 考向5　固定搭配 单句语法填空 1. (2021·全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”，是一个固定搭配。故填to have。 to have 2. (2020·全国II卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。本题为“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth”句式，和前面的to publish一样，用不定式。所以填to begin。 to begin 3. (全国Ⅱ) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely _________ (bring) your work home. 【解析】固定表达be likely to do...很可能做某事。故填to bring。 4. (全国Ⅱ) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. 【解析】“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为常用句式。故填to cool。 to bring to cool 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 2. 考 点 精 析 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × × × × × 非谓语动词--不定式的核心考点 1. 非谓语动词--不定式作状语 ①表示目的 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。 George hurrieded to the station, only to be told that his train had just left. ③too...to... 结构，too 修饰形容词或副词，不定式表示否定含义。only too...to... 或否定词+too...to... 结构，不定式表示肯定含义。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 箱子太沉，我搬不动。 I am only too pleased to help you. 能帮助您，我感到十分荣幸！ We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 ④enough to... 结构，enough 后置修饰形容词或副词，意思是“足以……”。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 孩子这么大了，该上学了。 ⑤不定式有些约定俗成的说法，可以用作独立状语，主要有： to tell the truth / to be honest 说实话 to cut a long story short 长话短说 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 to be sure 可以肯定的是 to be frank 坦率地说 To be honest, the pay isn’t attractive enough. 2. 非谓语动词--不定式作定语 不定式一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。 ①表示将来的动作： The next train to arrive is from Washington. The bike to be bought is for his brother. 不定式作定语的特殊用法： ②修饰抽象名词：chance, right, courage, promise, time, opportunity, way, ability, reason, the first, the second, the last, the only等。 It’s time for you to get up and go to school. ③不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 Unluckily, in such a big family, there is no one to look after her. ④不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如果不定式为不及物动词，需要带上相应介词。 She is always looking for a cheap room to live in. He needs a pen to write with. ⑤修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词： I think the best way to get there is by plane. 3. 非谓语动词---动词不定式做宾语 ①动词agree, offer, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, dare, choose, wish, hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine等后面接不定式作宾语，可以利用“顺口溜”来记忆：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。动词come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。 The minister refused to comment on individual cases. When our children feel we believe in them, they grow to believe in themselves. 注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：teach, decide, show, wonder, learn, forget, ask, find out, advise, discuss等。 I was out of my mind with fear. I didn’t know what to do. ②在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。 I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. ③在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等)的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。 I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. I expected to have met him here the night before yesterday. ④作介词的宾语 不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。 　The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. He had no choice but to sit there as usual. There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. ⑤作be + 形容词的宾语 有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。 (1)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。 　She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town. 　John was happy to be given the job. (2)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。这类形容词有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, nice, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。 　This problem at the meeting yesterday is difficult to solve. 　The water in the polluted well is not fit to drink. 　She is a little strange and hard to get along with. 注意：在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。 　　The river is dangerous to swim in. 　　A spring mattress is comfortable to sleep on. 4. 非谓语动词--不定式作宾语补足语 ①接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise, allow, ask, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, leave, like, mean, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on/upon, long for, wait for等。 The school forbade teenagers to swim in the river. I put a mark in the margin to remind me to check the figure. We’re all longing for the new summer holiday to begin. ②接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make, have, let等使役动词以及see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。 Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. She was noticed to enter the general manager’s office ten minutes ago. 省to不定式作宾补顺口溜： 省to宾补有十一，五看二听三使役； 一个帮助两均可，还有一个是感觉。 如若主动变被动，小to一定要带齐。 ③with＋宾语＋动词不定式(宾补) 通常表示不定式所表示的动作尚未发生或在当时看来尚未发生。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. With nothing to eat, the three children had to go hungry. I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. With such good cadres (政策) to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 5. 非谓语动词 --动词不定式作表语 说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。它和主语处在同等地位。它所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语所产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。 The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart. 世间勇气的最大考验是容忍失败，决不丧志。 The masterpiece of man is to live to the purpose. 人之杰作是生活有道。 ①动词不定式作表语一般带to，但如果主语部分有实义动词do，可以带to，也可以省略to。 What he wanted to do was (to) wash his hands of it. 他打算不再参与此事。 The only thing you can do is (to) wait and see. 唯一你能做的是等着瞧。 ② “how/what/when/where/which/why +不定式短语”结构作表语 The question is how to improve ourselves in English.  问题是如何提高我们自身的英语。 The problem is where to find the answer.  问题是到哪里去找答案。 The point is what to do and why to do it. 问题是做什么，为什么做。 ③“for there to be +n.”结构作表语 What John was waiting for was for there to be complete silence. 约翰等待着要大家完全安静下来。 3.书面表达中动词不定式易错点聚焦 1. 缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识 All of us thought it wrong for her to punish. All of us thought it wrong for her to be punished. (误) (正) Tom was not to be blamed for the failure of the trail run. Tom was not to blame for the failure of the trail run.” (误) (正) But as our special report argues, Iran is not that easy to be read. But as our special report argues, Iran is not that easy to read. (误) (正) 2. 缺少搭配意识 I can’t help thinking he is lying, so I can’t help apologizing for him. I can’t help thinking he is lying, so I can’t help (to) apologize for him. (误) (正) The teacher asked us to go on to read the text instead of going on doing the exercises. The teacher asked us to go on reading the text instead of going on to do the exercises. (误) (正) 3. 缺少结构意识 It’s very important for students listening to teachers carefully. It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. (误) (正) The book is worth being read. The book is worthy to be read. The book is worthy of being read. (误) (正) (正) Maybe there is a long way goes to fulfill that dreams. Maybe there is a long way to go to fulfill that dreams. (误) (正) 4. 考 点 集 训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. Such people as Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are _______________ (respect). 2. I am sorry _____________ (give) you so much trouble. And thank you for your help. 3. The workers were forced __________ (work) twenty hours every day. 4. The novel I’m reading now is said _____________________ (publish) last month. 5. She is so shy that she doesn’t like ____________ (praise) publicly in class. to be respected to have given to work to have been published to be praised 6. We were youths in new era and asked __________ (send) to work in the couryside. 7. One ought _________________ (not punish) for what he hasn’t done. 8. _______ (tell) you the truth, I didn’t want to tell you what they had done about it. 9. Tell him __________ (not shut) the window because it is so cool outside. 10. The problem _______________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is very important to all of us. to be sent not to be punished To tell not to shut to be discussed II.语法填空(非谓语动词--动词不定式专练) The Olympic passion of Hong Kong residents has erupted further as they have the opportunity __________ (witness) the charm of Paris Olympic champions visiting the city. Following their triumph at the Paris 2024 Olympics, a delegation of Chinese mainland Olympians, including 59 gold medalists, are on a three-day visit to Hong Kong ________ (share) their Olympic stories before leaving for Macao on Saturday. On Friday morning, the Olympians were divided into several groups and visited various places ___________ (interact) with local athletes, students and the general public. More than 30 athletes and coaches visited the Hong Kong Sports Institute _________ (engage) with local athletes and __________ (build) friendships. The delegation gained insights into how the institute nurtures (培育) athletes, touring various training facilities on campus. The institute organized a series of sports activities, such as allowing the swimming athletes _____________ (experience) fencing and table tennis players _______ (try) squash (壁球). ___________ (enhance) interaction among the athletes from the mainland and Hong Kong, fun activities were organized, like cycling challenges _______ (test) endurance and quick games __________ (assess) flexibility. to witness to share to interact to engage (to) build to experience to try To enhance to test to assess III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2020年1月浙江高考）Something significant is happening to the world population--it is aging. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 ____ (be) 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the _________(number) are more striking -- 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population is driven ____ two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large __________ (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes ______ (old) than before. This is ____________ (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has ___ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should __________ (place) on longevity (长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier _____ more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy. was to increase numbers by compared older particularly a be placed and Thank you $$