20 阅读理解议论文（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（天津专版）

阅读理解议论文（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 2023年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 5 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 2023年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 艺术美学 2 0 2 1 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 3 1 1 0 0 2022年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 人类认知 2 1 0 0 2 D 议论文 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2 0 3 0 0 2021年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 学校生活 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与创新 3 0 1 0 1 D 议论文 人与社会 艺术与人类文明 3 1 1 0 0 2021年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 社会交往 4 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 积极的生活态度 0 0 3 1 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展 2 1 2 0 1 D 议论文 人与自我 丰富自我 2 1 2 0 0 2020年7月 A 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 2 0 2 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 3 1 1 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 0 1 3 0 1 2020年5月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 1 0 3 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 1 0 3 1 1 D 议论文 人与社会 社会进步与人类文明 0 2 2 1 0 2019年6月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 优秀品行和正确的人生态度 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与自然 自然环境 2 0 3 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习 0 0 2 1 2 2019年3月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 2 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 0 0 1 C 说明文 人与自我 健康的生活方式 2 0 1 1 1 D 议论文 人与自我 认识自我 2 1 1 0 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近5年天津卷议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。 【备考策略】 在阅读解题时，应从结构和内容两个维度同时入手。首要步骤是全面通读文章，随后区分其中的事实与观点。一般而言，议论文往往遵循三段论式的结构。文章开篇通常会通过一个故事或对某种现象的阐述来引出主题，并明确提出论点。紧接着是文章的主体部分，该部分会利用两个或更多的段落，通过引用事实、理论依据以及采用举例、引用、对比等多种论证手法来展开论证。在这一环节中，应特别注意作者所选择的论据，因为它们常常与细节理解题的考查重点相对应，同时还要关注作者所采用的论证方法。文章的最后一段是结论部分，需要明确把握作者最终得出的结论。在全面通读文章并理解其结构和内容之后，再开始阅读试题，并在文章中寻找相应的信息，如事实、观点、作者的真正意图以及结论等。 【命题预测】 2025年阅读理解仍然会考查议论文，主要考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题，也可能会考查词义猜测题。 必备基础知识： 【题型解读】 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辦是非等方法，直接阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。 议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅：论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。文章大多以“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的结构行文。因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时人手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论据和论证，明晰作者最后得出的结论。 【解题技巧】 对于演绎论证的议论文，首要的是留意文章的开篇。开篇往往直接点明文章的主旨，即作者的核心观点，从而引领读者把握文章的中心思想。 对于归纳论证的议论文，则需重视文章的尾段。尾段通常是对前文所列举的事例和分论点进行归纳和总结，是理解文章整体内容的关键。 对于比较论证的议论文，关键在于识别并比较事物之间的相同点与不同点。通过这种对比，读者能够更准确地把握文章的主旨。 （PS: 议论文阅读理解的时间控制在10分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） 重难点知识： 考点精讲01议论文之主旨大意题 【题型解读】 议论文阅读理解中的主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章整体内容的理解和把握能力，具体包括： 文章主旨题：要求考生概括文章的中心思想或主要观点。 段落大意题：针对文章中的某一段或几段，要求考生概括其主要内容。 标题归纳题：要求考生根据文章内容，选择一个最合适的标题。 【技巧】 1. 快速理解文章主旨 · 浏览全文：首先快速浏览全文，特别关注首段和尾段，因为议论文的首段常用来引入话题并提出论点，尾段则用于总结全文。 · 寻找主题句：主题句通常出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也可能在段落中间。主题句具有概括性，能够表达段落或全文的中心思想。 · 识别高频词：注意文章中反复出现的词汇或短语，它们往往与文章主题紧密相关。 2. 提取关键信息 · 关注转折词：段落中出现转折词（如however, but, yet等）时，其后的句子往往包含重要信息，可能是主题句。 · 注意结论性语句：表示总结或结论的语句（如therefore, in conclusion, in short等）后面的内容也是提取关键信息的重点。 · 辨别事实与观点：区分文章中的事实描述和作者的观点表达，作者的观点往往更接近文章的主旨。 3. 解题细节与常见错误 · 避免断章取义：不要仅根据文章中的某个片段或细节来确定主旨，而应综合考虑全文内容。 · 注意范围适度：选择的答案应既不过于宽泛也不过于狭窄，要准确覆盖文章的核心内容。 · 排除干扰项：干扰项往往包含文章中的具体事实或细节，但未能概括全文主旨。 （2021·天津·高考真题）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist 【答案】1．A 【分析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。 考点精讲02议论文之词义猜测题 【题型解读】 议论文阅读理解中的词义猜测题主要包括词义猜测、句意理解和代词指代。 词义猜测题一般针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语进行设问，这此需要猜测的单词或短语往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中通常会提供和这些词或短语相关的定义解释、提示词或者句子结构等，因此做题时要善于捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。 句意理解题是指猜测某个句子的意思，要求考生通过分析上下文语境，理解句子表达的含义。考生首先应在原文中找到该句，进行语法和逻辑关系分析，然后细读，把握句子前后的语境，最后结合语境猜测句子的意思。解此类试题常用“意义吻合”法。 代词指代题旨在考查考生根据上下文猜测代词的指代意义的能力。代词多是it， that， he， him， those等，可以指代上文提到的人或物，it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的内容。 【解题技巧】 猜测词义的5大技巧： 1. 利用构词法猜词义。阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。考生可以根据构词法猜测词义。常见的构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转化法。 2. 利用逻辑关系猜词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系通常有因果关系、并列(近义)关系、对比(反义)关系、转折关系等。 3. 利用语法关系猜词义。利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、定语从句、同位语从句、标点符号等进行词义猜测。 4. 利用生活常识和文化背景猜词义。 5. 利用上下文语境猜词义。 句意理解解题步骤： 1. 定位：返回原文，定位画线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句。 2. 分析：分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意。 3. 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项。 代词指代解题步骤： 1. 返回原文，找出考查的指代词。 2. 向上搜索，找上文最近的名词、名词性短语或句子。 3. 带入原文。将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代人替换该指代词。 4. 确定答案。将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代人后与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 （2020·天津·高考真题）Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us. History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody. The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives. 1．The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________. A．the turning point in our history B．the present state of our nation C．the location of our homeland D．the total area of our country 【答案】1．B 【分析】猜测词义题。根据上句learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )into our ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are today指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。 （最新模拟试题演练） Passage 1 （2024·天津河北·二模）Lining up to board a plane has become a star k indicator of how our society has commodified (商品化的) the very act of waiting. The more you pay, the sooner you can get on the plane and the less likely you will have to check a bag. It’s not just airlines, it’s also museums, online purchases and amusement parks where VIP status can help you avoid lines. When did the act of waiting get such a bad reputation? The very act of waiting can enhance our appreciation of something. We savor (欣赏) the anticipation like a child waiting for Christmas or summer vacation. Perhaps the person waiting in line to see his favorite singer perform in concert relishes the night more because of the time invested in getting into the venue. As our world has sped up, this desirable balance between instant and delayed gratification (满足) is at ever greater odds with the current expectations of many people. This change has a negative impact on mental health both individually and collectively. When we look down upon the act of waiting, we risk losing an important part of our shared humanity. Being forced to wait is often seen as a sign of being less well off or ‘not in the game’. It encourages privileged impatience and disrespect for those who are caught waiting. The ability to wait patiently is very important for a civitized society; it’s a key skill we all need. If we lose our patience and can’t wait in line or for our turn, we end up feeling the stress of a fast-paced world. Furthermore, if we call people who wait “losers”, we are being unfair and may act without thinking about how our actions affect others. This kind of thinking makes us see those who wait as different and less important, which is a harmful way to treat others. Of course, we should not have to wait patiently for everything. For example, there are times when injustice deserves immediate action. Asking people to wait can be a calculated block to change. In a larger context though, it behoves (理应) all of us to understand the act of waiting not only as a necessary evil but also as an important function which allows us to participate fully alongside our fellow travelers in life. 1．What is the purpose of the author’s writing Paragraph 1? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To make a comparison. C．To propose a suggestion. D．To present a phenomenon. 2．What benefit of waiting is emphasized by the author? A．Enhanced appreciation of experiences. B．Increased frustration and impatience. C．Immediate access to all desires. D．Decreased value of time. 3．What factor contributes to a stable attitude while waiting? A．. Growing expectations for speedy service. B．Appreciating the moment and anticipating. C．Understanding through technological progress. D．Experiencing the quickening pace of everyday life. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Waiting is an important part of our shared humanity. B．Waiting means that one is at a disadvantage state. C．Waiting is wrong and should be avoided. D．Waiting helps us treat each other better. 5．What point is made in the last paragraph about waiting? A．Immediate action is sometimes necessary and justified. B．Waiting is a waste of time without real purpose. C．Patience is no longer a virtue in today’s society. D．Waiting always fences the change. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了等待这种行为以及其对人们的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Lining up to board a plane has become a star k indicator of how our society has commodified (商品化的) the very act of waiting. The more you pay, the sooner you can get on the plane and the less likely you will have to check a bag. It’s not just airlines, it’s also museums, online purchases and amusement parks where VIP status can help you avoid lines. When did the act of waiting get such a bad reputation? (排队登机已经成为我们社会将等待行为商品化的一个鲜明标志。你付的钱越多，你就能越快登机，而且你越不可能需要托运行李。不仅是航空公司，博物馆、网上购物和游乐园也是如此，在这些地方，VIP 身份可以帮助你避免排队。等待这种行为什么时候变得如此声名狼藉了？)”可知，作者通过第一段呈现了一个社会现象，即排队等候已经成为了一种商品化的行为，并且提出了一个问题，即等待这种行为什么时候变得如此声名狼藉了。由此可知，作者写第一段的目的是呈现一种现象。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The very act of waiting can enhance our appreciation of something. (等待的行为本身就能增强我们对某事的欣赏)”可知，作者强调了等待可以增强我们对某事的欣赏。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We savor (欣赏) the anticipation like a child waiting for Christmas or summer vacation. (我们像孩子等待圣诞节或暑假一样享受着期待)”以及第三段“As our world has sped up, this desirable balance between instant and delayed gratification (满足) is at ever greater odds with the current expectations of many people. (随着我们的世界加速发展，这种即时满足和延迟满足之间的理想平衡与许多人的当前期望越发不一致。)”可知，作者认为，享受期待和理解即时满足和延迟满足之间的平衡有助于在等待时保持稳定的态度。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“If we lose our patience and can’t wait in line or for our turn, we end up feeling the stress of a fast-paced world. (如果我们失去耐心，不能排队或等待轮到我们，我们最终会感受到快节奏世界的压力。)”和最后一段“In a larger context though, it behoves (理应) all of us to understand the act of waiting not only as a necessary evil but also as an important function which allows us to participate fully alongside our fellow travelers in life. (不过，从更广泛的角度来看，我们所有人都应该理解等待这种行为，它不仅是一种必要的恶，也是一种重要的功能，它使我们能够与生活中的同路人一起充分参与)”可知，作者认为等待是我们共同人性的重要组成部分。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, we should not have to wait patiently for everything. (当然，我们不应该对一切都耐心等待。)”以及“For example, there are times when injustice deserves immediate action. (例如，有时不公正的行为应该立即采取行动。)”可知，作者认为对不公正的行为立即采取行动有时是必要和合理的。故选A。 Passage 2 （2024·天津南开·二模）Many animals and plants are endangered in the world today. These endangered species are threatened with becoming extinct, meaning they will no longer exist on Earth. Examples include the Cuban Macaw and the Sri Lankan Legume Tree. Hunting, and collecting of the Macaw bird for pets, led to its extinction. Whilst the main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from development in the 20h century. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species. Every living thing from one-celled animals to a blue whale needs to eat. Nature is connected and controlled by many fragile (脆弱的) food chains. A food chain describes who eats whom in a habitat. When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present — for example, a species goes extinct — the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed. Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. But some parts of the world are still experiencing problems with invasive species introduced hundreds of years ago. With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction. 6．What could be inferred from Paragraph 1? A．Macaws are extinct because of habitat loss B．Sri Lankan Legume Tree became extinct because of seed collecting. C．The invasive species may lead to the extinction of the native species. D．The main cause of plants extinction is hunting. 7．What can we learn about food chain from Paragraph 2? A．It only affects one-celled animals. B．It decides the balance of the whole system. C．It is always broken by invasive species. D．It is controlled by fragile nature. 8．According to Paragraph 3, how did humans affect food chains in areas they explored? A．By settling in. B．By taking away native species. C．By hunting local animals. D．By introducing foreign species. 9．The underlined word “thrive” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．to continue to live or exist B．to grow toward full stature or physical or mental maturity C．to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. D．to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 10．According to the author, which of the following is correct? A．The food chain will always find a way to be balanced. B．The natural world experiences times of damage but it always can recover. C．Human activity, in all forms, tends to cause great destruction to the natural world. D．Despite the climate change caused by humans, plants and animals will go extinct naturally. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先介绍了一些濒危物种的例子，然后解释了食物链的重要性和人类活动对食物链的破坏，最后呼吁人们提高保护意识，以防止物种灭绝。 6．推理判断题。根据第一段“The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species.(动植物消失的主要原因通常是由于狩猎、栖息地丧失甚至引入入侵物种而扰乱食物链)”可知，入侵物种可能导致本地物种的灭绝。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present—for example, a species goes extinct—the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed.(当食物链中的一个环节不再存在时——例如，一个物种灭绝——食物链就会断裂，有时这会导致其他动物消失，整个系统可能会变得不平衡甚至崩溃)”可知，食物链决定着整个系统的平衡。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段“When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored.(当人们第一次探索世界时，他们把动植物物种从自己的国家带到他们探索和定居的地方。他们没有意识到引入入侵物种的后果。通过这样做，他们扰乱了他们探索的地区的自然食物链)”可知，人类在他们探索的地区通过引入外来物种来对食物链产生影响。故选D。 9．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to…. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction.(随着我们对如何影响自然环境的意识不断提高，希望我们能学会保护这些食物链，并帮助它们……。否则，物种的持续丧失最终将意味着我们自己的灭绝)”可知，划线词thrive的意思是“繁荣，茁壮成长”。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction.(随着我们对如何影响自然环境的意识不断提高，希望我们能学会保护这些食物链，并帮助它们繁荣发展。否则，物种的持续丧失最终将意味着我们自己的灭绝)可知，作者认为各种形式的人类活动会给自然世界造成巨大破坏。故选C。 Passage 3 （2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 11．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 12．What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A．To forgive is to love. B．To dominate is to harm. C．To fight is to grow. D．To give is to receive. 13．What does the underlined word “estranged” mean in the passage? A．Connected and harmonious. B．Separated and disconnected. C．Forgiving and loving. D．Aggressive and hostile. 14．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical. 15．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality. 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们对宽恕的不同的观点，以及如何做到宽恕。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人可能影响自己的幸福。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用？)”可推知，第二段中的例子说明支配就是伤害。故选B。 13．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前“Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. (宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环)”以及划线词后“Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系)”可知，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。由此可知，划线词estranged与Separated and disconnected“彼此分离，互不联系”意思接近。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系)”可推知，作者对宽恕的态度是支持的。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. (我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的)”可知，最后一段传达的信息是宽恕需要练习。故选C。 Passage 4 （2024·天津·二模）How many times have you found yourself in conversations with friends, family members or loved ones and discovered that you had completely tuned out to what they were saying? How much of our attention are we truly giving to the people who are supposed to be important to us? According to research cited by Wright State University, while most people believe they are good listeners who don’t need to improve their listening skills, the average person only listens at about 25 percent efficiency. So why aren’t we better listeners? As a society, we may be growing more narcissistic (自我陶醉的). A 2007 study found a rise in self-centeredness and narcissism among college students. If we, as a culture, are becoming more self-centered, how can we, as individuals, work to become more caring and compassionate communicators? We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations. As Stephen R. Covey wrote in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change, “Most people do not listen with the intent to understand but to reply.” A dialogue is an opportunity to learn, to see things from a new perspective, to open your eyes to new information and possibilities. Yet, too often we engage in conversation as if it’s a debate. We speak to hear our own voices — our own pre-existing opinions. In doing so, we tend to space out when spoken to. We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely, for the other person to finish, so we can say something we feel is of value. Playwright Wilson Mizner said, “A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while, he knows something.” Listening doesn’t just expand our knowledge on an intellectual level; it enables us to have a more personal, in-depth understanding of our closest friends. Relationships are truly enriched by an equal back-and-forth exchange in communication. When these dynamics become more one-sided, we tend to lose interest and create distance in our friendships, with less trust established, less honesty exchanged. Thankfully, we can all improve our listening skills. Maybe we aren’t as good a listener as we believe. Do we tend to focus too much on ourselves — both in positive and negative ways? Do we get distracted by an inner coach, rather than living in the moment and really engaging in what’s being said? As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds, we can start to open ourselves up to others, becoming better listeners, thinkers, lovers and friends. 16．What is the author’s purpose in showing the social phenomena in Paragraph 1? A．To show most people are confident about their listening skills. B．To express his concerns about people’s lack of attention when talking. C．To introduce the fact that people have low efficiency of listening in life. D．To provide some information about how people behave in conversation. 17．Why does the author cite the research data from the year 2007? A．To prove college students have become more self-cenfered and narcissistic over time. B．To show the belief in people’s listening skills is outdated and needs to be updated. C．To provide an example of how society’s narcissism affects personal relationships. D．To support the argument that society is becoming more self-centered and narcissistic. 18．Based on the views of Stephen R. Covey and Wilson Mizner, which of the following statements is true? A．People should listen to learn and see things from a new perspective. B．A good listener is popular but does not necessarily know everything. C．Most people listen with the intention to understand, not to reply. D．We should speak to hear our own voices and pre-existing opinions. 19．What does the underline phrase “space out” in Paragraph 4mean? A．Become focused. B．Feel confused. C．Be absent-minded. D．Remain anxious. 20．Which of the following titles best captures the main idea? A．The Decline of Listening in Modern Society B．Improving Listening Skills for Better Relationships C．The Impact of Narcissism on Social Communication D．Why We Should Listen More and Speak Less 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了人们为什么不能成为很好的倾听者的原因，并给出了如何正确倾听的建议，指出了倾听对人际关系的重要性。 16．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to research cited by Wright State University, while most people believe they are good listeners who don’t need to improve their listening skills, the average person only listens at about 25 percent efficiency.”（根据莱特州立大学引用的研究，虽然大多数人认为他们是好的倾听者，不需要提高他们的倾听技巧，但一般人的倾听效率只有25%左右。）可知，第一段中所展示的社会现象是为了引出在生活中，人们倾听效率较低的这一事实。故选C。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段“As a society, we may be growing more narcissistic (自我陶醉的). A 2007 study found a rise in self-centeredness and narcissism among college students.”（作为一个社会，我们可能变得越来越自恋。2007年的一项研究发现，大学生的自我中心和自恋倾向有所上升。）可知，作者引用2007年的一个调查数据，是为了支持社会正在变得越来越自我和自恋这一观点。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段Stephen R. Covey的观点“A dialogue is an opportunity to learn, to see things from a new perspective, to open your eyes to new information and possibilities.”（对话是一个学习的机会，是从一个新的角度看问题，看到新的信息和可能性的机会。）和第五段Wilson Mizner的话“A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while, he knows something.”（一个好的倾听者不仅在任何地方都受欢迎，而且不久之后，他就会知道一些事情。）可知，一个好的倾听者是应该通过倾听，学习到一些知识和信息，从新的角度来看问题的。故选A。 19．词义猜测题。根据第四段“We speak to hear our own voices — our own pre-existing opinions.”（我们说话是为了听到自己的声音——我们自己已有的观点。）和“We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely, for the other person to finish, so we can say something we feel is of value.”（我们耐心地、礼貌地等着对方把话说完，这样我们才能说一些我们觉得有价值的话。）可知，在对话过程中，我们关注的只是等对方把话说完后，来表达自己的观点，所以在对方讲话时，我们不会很专注倾听，容易心不在焉；结合划线词所在句“In doing so, we tend to space out when spoken to.”（在这样做的时候，当别人对我们说话时，我们往往会space out。）可知，“space out”表示“走神，心不在焉”。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据第四段“We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations.”（我们可以从改变我们对对话的态度开始。）和最后一段“Thankfully, we can all improve our listening skills.”（感谢的是，我们都可以提高我们的倾听技巧。）、“As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds, we can start to open ourselves up to others, becoming better listeners, thinkers, lovers and friends.”（当我们学会让内心的声音安静下来时，我们就可以开始向别人敞开心扉，成为更好的倾听者、思考者、爱人和朋友。）以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了如何通过提高倾听技巧来获得更好的人际关系。故选B。 Passage 5 （2024·天津和平·三模）History has been characterized differently. It’s hard to define such a monumental thing without dealing with the tensions between what is fact and what is fiction, as well as what was included and what was left out. So it’s only fitting that those tensions are wrapped up in the history of the word itself. The short version is that the term history has evolved from an ancient Greek verb that means “to know”. The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. And from there it’s a short jump to the accounts of events that a person might put together from making inquiries-what we might call stories. The words story and history share much of their ancestry, and in previous eras, the overlap between them was much messier than it is today. The working out of distinction has taken centuries. Today, we might think of the dividing line as the one between fact and fiction. Stories are fanciful tales woven at bedtime. That word can even be used to describe an outright lie. Histories, on the other hand, are records of events. That word refers to all time before this very moment and everything that really happened up to now. The distinction is still messier than that, of course. Plenty of stories like the story of a person’s life or a "true story" on which a less-true film is based -are supposed to be factual. And plenty of stories go against easy categorization one way or the other. Take the notion of someone telling their side of a story. To them, that account might be perfectly correct. To someone else, that account might be totally incorrect. As the linguistic divide has evolved since the Middle Ages, we have come to expect more from history -that it be free from the imperfections of viewpoint and selective memory that stories so often contain. Yet it isn’t, humans being the imperfect creatures and history being something that is made rather than handed down from some all-knowing writer. That is why feminists, for example, rejected the word history and championed the notion of herstory during the 1970s to point out the fact that history has mostly come from a male perspective. The “his” in history has nothing, linguistically, to do with the pronoun referring to a male person. And some critics pointed that out back in the 1970s, saying that the invention of herstory showed ignorance about where the word comes from. But there’s evidence that the feminists knew as much at the time. And more importantly, the fact that it sounds possible that there would be a link can still tell us something. It can suggest a lot the about gender and whether a female viewpoint is included in the tales passed down in textbooks. That’s why, even if the origins of the word “history” are clear, the question of who gets to decide which version of the past is the right one remains a controversial debate centuries after the term came to be. 21．The word “overlap” in Paragraph 3 probably indicates ____. A．the knowledge people put together from different inquiries B．the distinction between the ancestry of “story” and “history” C．the meaning and use both “story” and “history” shared D．the dividing line between tales and records of events 22．The distinction between “history” and “story” is still messier today because ____. A．people often feel reluctant to tell a true story in a factual way B．different sides of stories fall into different categories too easily C．people have to tell correct or incorrect stories against their will D．sometimes it is very hard to distinguish between fact and fiction 23．The invention of “herstory” reveals that _____. A．history can be plainly interpreted as “his story” B．feminists didn’t know about the origins of “history” C．women should decide what to be written in history D．history is something made as a one-sided story 24．Which in the following is the best title? A．These Are the Characteristics of the Word “History” B．This Is Where the Word “History” Comes From C．How do “History”, “Story” and “Herstory” Differ? D．History Doesn’t Always Tell All the Truth to Us 25．The passage is meant to ________. A．discuss the origin and meaning of the word “history” B．point out the problems with the way history is taught C．show that history is often influenced by personal biases D．emphasize the importance of knowing the true meaning of words 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．D 24．D 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要提到了女权主义者（feminists）在20世纪70年代拒绝“history”这个词并倡导“herstory”的背景，进而分析了这种行为的背后原因以及相关的语言学事实。文章还讨论了关于“history”一词的起源以及谁有权决定哪个版本的过去是正确的这一争议性话题。 21．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“The words story and history share much of their ancestry (故事(story)和历史(history)这两个词有很多共同的渊源)”和下一句“The working out of distinction has taken centuries.(区分已经花了几个世纪的时间。)”可推测，划线单词指的是“故事(story)和历史(history)这两个词的共同意义和用法”。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The distinction is still messier than that, of course. Plenty of stories like the story of a person’s life or a "true story" on which a less-true film is based -are supposed to be factual. And plenty of stories go against easy categorization one way or the other.(当然，区别仍然比这更复杂。很多故事，比如一个人的生活故事，或者一部不太真实的电影所依据的“真实故事”，都应该是真实的。很多故事都以这样或那样的方式违背了简单的分类。)”可知，区分历史和故事仍然很混乱，因为很多故事被认为是真实的，但也有很多故事不容易归类为事实或虚构。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“That is why feminists, for example, rejected the word history and championed the notion of herstory during the 1970s to point out the fact that history has mostly come from a male perspective.(这就是为什么女权主义者在20世纪70年代拒绝使用“history”这个词，并支持“历史故事”的概念，以指出历史主要来自男性视角的事实。)”可知，“history”的创造是单方面制作的故事。这最符合“herstory”的创造背景和意图，即指出历史通常是从男性的视角来叙述的，而“herstory”的提出是为了强调女性视角在历史中的重要性。故选D。 24．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“As the linguistic divide has evolved since the Middle Ages, we have come to expect more from history -that it be free from the imperfections of viewpoint and selective memory that stories so often contain. Yet it isn’t, humans being the imperfect creatures and history being something that is made rather than handed down from some all-knowing writer.(自中世纪以来，随着语言鸿沟的演变，我们开始对历史有了更多的期望，希望它能摆脱故事中经常包含的观点和选择性记忆的不完善。但事实并非如此，人类是不完美的生物，历史是创造出来的，而不是某个无所不知的作家传下来的。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是历史只是单方面制作的故事，并不总是陈述了事实。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The short version is that the term history has evolved from an ancient Greek verb that means “to know”. The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. And from there it’s a short jump to the accounts of events that a person might put together from making inquiries-what we might call stories.(简而言之，“历史”一词是从一个古希腊动词演变而来的，意思是“知道”。希腊单词historia最初的意思是探究，探求知识的行为，以及探究所产生的知识。从这里，我们可以快速跳到一个人通过调查拼凑起来的事件的叙述——我们可以称之为故事。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了“history”一词的起源和含义。故选A。 Passage 6 （2024·天津武清·模拟预测）To put it simply, stress can be the father of growth, while a crisis can be the mother of innovation. The notion that great good can emerge from great adversity (逆境) is as old as the legend of the great phoenix (凤凰), who not only arises but soars to new heights from its own ashes. In 1598, William Shakespeare penned the play As You Like It. One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, “Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad (癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.” Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. Can this really be the case? Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the “talkies”(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. She once noted, “You may have a fresh start any moment you choose, for this thing that we call ‘failure’ is not the falling down, but the staying down.” Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity. Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. These include the crises adversity brings. In Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, Behold the Man, the German philosopher writes that a person who has “turned out well” could be recognized by the ability to take advantage of and prosper from adversity, just as he wrote before, “What does not kill him makes him stronger.” So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success? 26．Why does the author quote the line from Shakespeare’s play? A．To emphasize the great wisdom of Shakespeare. B．To highlight the beauty of Shakespeare’s language. C．To challenge the conventional belief regarding adversity. D．To show the long-standing recognition of adversity’s value. 27．What is conveyed through Mary Pickford’s story? A．Fame can block one’s achievements. B．Strong determination overcomes adversity. C．Accepting adversity results in positive outcomes. D．Courage in the face of challenges leads to success. 28．What is the idea behind Krumboltz’s happenstance theory? A．Embracing uncertainty. B．Managing life’s challenges. C．Seizing hidden opportunities. D．Focusing on personal growth. 29．What is the author’s attitude towards adversity? A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 30．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Finding value and opportunity in facing adversity. B．Stress as the primary cause of growth and innovation. C．How to avoid adversity and negative experiences in life. D．Historical figures who failed to overcome adversity effectively. 【答案】26．D 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。 26．推理判断题。由文章第二段“One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, ‘Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad(癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.’ Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. (该剧最著名的台词之一是老公爵在第二幕第1场中说的，‘甜蜜是对逆境的利用，就像癞蛤蟆一样，又丑又毒，头上还戴着一颗珍贵的宝石。’即使在500年前，逆境的潜在价值也得到了认可，不是由一位伟大的治疗师，而是由一位了不起的剧作家写就。)”可知，作者引用莎士比亚戏剧中的一句话，以表明人们长期以来对逆境价值的认识。故选D项。 27．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the ‘talkies’(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. (快进到伟大的无声电影明星Mary Pickford。她被称为1910年代和1920年代世界上最受欢迎的女演员。随着‘有声电影’（有录音的电影）的出现，她未能继续表演，她与人共同创立了电影公司联合艺术家。她将自己的才华转移到制作和导演上，成为娱乐圈最有权势的女性。)”可知，从Mary Pickford的故事中我们可知，接受逆境会带来积极的结果。故选C项。 28．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. (逆境为那些准备利用的人揭示了真正的机会。John Krumboltz博士的偶然性理论指出，职业和生活的发展最好通过为你可能不知道的机会做准备来促进。许多不可预测的因素正在潜在地塑造未来。)”可知，John Krumboltz偶然性理论背后的理念是抓住隐藏的机会。故选C项。 29．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”可知，作者对经历逆境的态度是赞许的。故选B项。 30．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”和最后一段“So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success?(那么，下次逆境进入你的生活时，你会逃离它，还是会拥抱它，把它当作通往更大幸福和成功的垫脚石？)”以及上下文可知，文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。故选A项。 Passage 7 （2024·天津滨海新·三模）Life’s journey can often be a lonely one without the comforting presence of companionship. While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship? Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship. We all face tough times, feeling depressed or even hopeless at times. A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. While it’s effortless to share joyous moments, friendship shines through during tough times. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests. True friends not only stand by you through thick and thin, but also offer constructive criticism when necessary. Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple,” highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear. While delivering criticism is never easy, a genuine friend is unafraid to point out mistakes or misguided paths. Giving constructive criticism, along with helpful advice, is a key part of true friendship. A true friend will speak up if they see you heading down a harmful path, even if it’s uncomfortable. The reluctance to speak up against a friend’s bad decision may lead to regret. As Wilde suggests, truth can be complex, but it’s important to express genuine concern. In a strong friendship, honest and caring advice weaves a web of trust and mutual growth. In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care. To have even one true friend is a blessing that should be treasured. Let us strive to be true friends and, in turn, cherish the true friends we encounter on life’s journey. 31．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ______. A．the essential nature of true friendship B．the significance of family bonds over friendship C．the challenges of maintaining lasting relationships D．the contribution of personal qualities to true friendship 32．What can be learnt about true friendship from Paragraph 2? A．It merely exists during moments of success. B．It relies on criticizing friends during tough times. C．It prioritizes personal interests over companionship. D．It involves mutual support during both highs and lows. 33．The author develops his arguments through ______. A．adopting proper exaggerations B．employing famous quotes C．sharing personal experiences D．providing statistical evidence 34．What does the underlined part “fair-weather companions” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Friends who are always reliable and trustworthy. B．Friends who offer constructive criticism with care. C．Friends who only support you during good times. D．Friends who show little interest in your success. 35．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Better an honest enemy than a false friend. B．Friendship is the only ship that never sinks. C．Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. D．Friends catch you when you fall and push you forward. 【答案】31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了真正的友谊的本质，包括在困难时期的相互支持，提供建设性的批评，以及愿意为朋友的利益牺牲个人的舒适。 31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship?”（虽然友谊的重要性经常被赞扬，但做一个真正的朋友的真正本质却经常被忽视。真正的朋友就像家人，你们之间的纽带足够强大，即使长时间不说话也能经受住考验。那么，是什么构成了真正的友谊呢？）可知，作者在第一段中提出了真正友谊的本质。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests.”（真正的朋友会在生活的起起落落中陪伴他们的伙伴。真正的朋友在困难时期不会抛弃对方；相反，他们会一起面对挑战，即使这与他们自己的利益相悖，也会提供相互支持。）可知，真正的友谊包括在起起落落中的相互支持。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段“Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship”（威尔·史密斯的话：“如果在我奋斗的时候你缺席，那就别指望在我成功的时候你在。”这句话抓住了真正友谊的真谛）和第三段“Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple, highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear.””（奥斯卡·王尔德曾经说过：“真相很少是纯粹的，也从不是简单的，强调告诉朋友他们可能不想听的事情是多么困难。”）可知文章中作者引用了Will Smith和Oscar Wilde的名言来支持他的观点，故选B。 34．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care.”（真正的朋友不是not fair-weather companions；他们与你一起经历高潮和低谷，并谨慎地提供建设性的批评。）可推知，和“陪你经历高潮和低谷并谨慎地提供建设性批评的朋友”形成对比，“fair-weather companions”指的是只在好时光里支持你的朋友，故选C。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care.”（ 总之，真正友谊的本质在于愿意为了朋友的利益而牺牲个人的舒适。真正的朋友不是酒肉朋友；他们与你一起经历高潮和低谷，并谨慎地提供建设性的批评）可知，当你跌倒时，朋友会抓住你，并推动你前进。故选D。 Passage 8 （2022·天津·三模）A new study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family claims that all that time you spend parenting just doesn’t matter. But it’s a claim that, despite the enthusiastic and widespread coverage by the media, does not hold water. The research suggests that child outcomes (including behavior problems, emotional problems, and academic performance) are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children. The researchers examined the time diaries of 1,600 children, looking at parenting time and outcomes when the kids were aged 3 to 11 in 1997, and again in 2002, when they were between 8 and 16. (A time diary is a detailed report of all activities you carry out in a day. ) This research largely reflects the failure of the authors to correctly measure parental input. It just looked at time diaries from two particular days-one a weekday and the other a weekend day. Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day’s diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day. If yesterday was payday, you looked rich, but if it’s not, you would be reported as poor. You get a clearer picture only by looking at your income — or your parenting time—over a more meaningful period. What you did yesterday should not be taken as representative of what you did last year, This is why most high-quality studies of parenting time focus instead on how often parents read to their children, play with them or help their with homework over a period of a month or longer — long enough to represent their different approaches to parenting. As an exhausted parent who doesn’t get enough time to work out, and who hasn’t seen a movie for months, I understand why so many of us might seize on studies suggesting that we should take more time for ourselves. Perhaps we should. But I agree with Ariel Kalil, a developmental psychologist, on the suggestion “that when parents spend high-quality time with their children, their children are more likely to succeed.” 36．By saying in Paragraph 1 “ ... it’s a claim that ... does not bold water”, the author means the claim is not ________. A．reasonable B．surprising C．confusing D．usual 37．The study was conducted to explore the link between ________. A．children’s habits and parents’ influence B．parenting time and child outcomes C．time diaries and child development D．daily activities and children’s problems 38．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By giving descriptions. B．By analyzing the cause. C．By making a comparison. D．By offering research findings. 39．The author may agree that high-quality studies of parenting time should ________. A．be completed in one month. B．adopt some different approaches. C．concentrate mainly on learning time. D．be based on data of a longer time period. 40．What can we learn about the author’s life? A．He goes to bed early every night. B．He has little interest in movies. C．He has little time for himself. D．He leads a very easy life. 【答案】36．A 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．C 【导语】本文是议论文。一项研究表明，父母陪伴孩子的时间长短与孩子的成长关系不大。作者在本文中对这一研究结果提出了不同的意见。 36．推理判断题。第一段第一句“A new study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family claims that all that time you spend parenting just doesn't matter”（发表在《婚姻与家庭杂志》上的一项新研究称，你花在养育孩子上的所有时间都无关紧要）而根据下一句“But it’s a claim that, despite the enthusiastic and widespread coverage by the media, does not hold water.”（ 尽管媒体对此进行了热情而广泛的报道，但这种说法却站不住脚）以及下文作者的陈述可知，作者不认同这个观点，认为这项研究结果站不住脚。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The research suggests that child outcomes (including behavior problems, emotional problems, and academic performance) are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children.”（研究表明，孩子的表现(包括行为问题、情绪问题和学习成绩)与父母与孩子相处的时间几乎没有关系。）可知，该研究表明孩子们的结果与父母和孩子在一起的时间几乎没有联系。根据这个结论可知，这项研究探究了父母陪孩子的时间与孩子成长结果之间的联系。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据第四段“Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day's diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day. If yesterday was payday, you would look rich, but if it's not, you would be reported as the poor. You get a clearer picture only by looking at your income-or your parenting time-over a more meaningful period.”（试图从一天的日记中了解你花在养育孩子上的时间，有点像试图衡量你一天的收入。如果昨天是发薪日，你会看起来很有钱，但如果不是，你就会被报道为穷人。只有在一段更有意义的时期内观察你的收入或养育子女的时间，你才能更清楚地了解情况）内可知，作者以“某一天的收入来衡量一个人的贫富”打比方，说明了该研究的研究方法是不科学的。因此该段运用了作比较的方法。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据第三段“This research largely reflects the failure of the authors to correctly measure parental input. It just looked at time diaries from two particular days-one a weekday and the other a weekend day.”（这项研究在很大程度上反映了作者未能正确衡量父母的投入。它只查看了两个特定日子的时间日志——一个是工作日，另一个是周末。）根据第四段“Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day’s diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day.”（试图从一天的日记中了解你花在养育孩子上的时间，有点像试图衡量你一天的收入。）可知，作者认为这个研究没有能够正确的衡量父母的投入。它只是查看了两个特定日子的时间日记，一个是工作日，另一个是周末。作者认为，这就像以你一天的收入来判断你的贫富一样不准确。第五段中的“most high-quality studies of parenting time focus on how often parents read to their children, play with them or help them with different approaches to parenting”（大多数高质量的育儿时间研究都集中在父母给孩子读书、和他们玩耍或用不同的育儿方式帮助他们的频率上）。由此推知，高质量的关于父母养育时间的研究应该建立在较长时间的研究基础上。故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As an exhausted parent who doesn’t get enough time to work out, and who hasn’t seen a movie for months, I understand why so many of us might seize on studies suggesting that we should take more time for ourselves.”（作为一个没有足够时间锻炼身体、几个月没看电影的疲惫不堪的父母，我理解为什么我们中的许多人会抓住研究的建议，认为我们应该花更多的时间给自己。）可知，作者几乎没有自己的时间。故选C项。 Passage 9 （2024·天津南开·一模）This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased (死者) said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon. On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish (亚米希人), a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities. On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media. Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it. 41．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．introduce a topic 42．What does the author intend to show with the example of the Amish? A．Their way of life will change in the near future. B．Not everyone is willing to embrace new technology. C．The quality of life in the countryside is higher than in the city. D．Following the lifestyle of celebrities will lead to a decline in the quality of life. 43．What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．New technology has brought a lot of convenience to mankind. B．New technology can prevent potential natural disasters from happening. C．New technology can help us expand our circle of friends. D．New technology can help us find our friends on the other side of the world. 44．What is the author’s attitude towards new technology? A．Pessimistic. B．Critical. C．Skeptical. D．Grateful. 45．What makes the best title for the passage? A．Should Driverless Car Have a Future. B．The Amish and New Technology C．Driverless Car with New Technology D．Should We Fight New Technology? 【答案】41．D 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过无人驾驶汽车发生车祸引起很多人对这项新技术持否定态度引出话题。一方面，有的人确实可以在没有新技术的情况下仍然生活得更好；另一方面新技术也给各地的人们带来了很多好处。对此作者认为新技术给社会和个人都带来了好处，对新技术持支持的态度。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段“This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased (死者) said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.(今天早上，我看到了一个令人震惊的标题:“无人驾驶模式下发生车祸，乘客死亡”。在这篇文章中，很多人都说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们不应该仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它。该报纸报道称，这家汽车公司已经为事故道歉，但死者家属表示，这还不够。尽管如此，该公司仍然声称，不久的将来，大多数人都会乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行)”可推知，作者通过无人驾驶汽车发生车祸引起很多人对这项新技术持否定态度以及这家汽车公司持有的不同态度引出话题。由此可知第一段的目的是引入一个主题。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish (亚米希人), a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet.(一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。最有名的可能是阿米什人，一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。他们不买车，也不开车，不看电视，也不上网)”可推知，作者想用阿米什人的例子说明不是每个人都愿意接受新技术。故选B。 43．主旨大意题。根据第三段“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.(另一方面，多年来，新技术为世界各地的人们提供了许多好处。例如，最新的天气跟踪计算机程序为人们提供了许多关于潜在自然灾害的警告，这挽救了许多人的生命。此外，互联网使朋友和家人保持联系成为可能，即使他们在世界的两端。它还使人们更容易在生活中找到机会，因为它允许人们通过使用社交媒体建立更大的朋友网络)”可知，作者在第三段主要想告诉我们新技术给人类带来了很多便利。故选A。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life.(就我个人而言，我从技术进步中获益良多。我是通过社交网络找到AI设计师这一职业的。我一直戴着的健康监测器也帮助我保持了一生中最好的身材)”可推知，作者对新技术的态度是感激的。故选D。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new.(在这篇文章中，很多人都说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们不应该仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它)”以及倒数第二段中“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.(另一方面，多年来，新技术为世界各地的人们提供了许多好处)”结合文章主要说明了新技术导致了人类死亡，因此遭到了一些人的反对，对此作者认为新技术给社会和个人都带来了好处。可知，D选项“我们应该反对新技术吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 10 （2024·天津河北·一模）In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions. 46．What problem does the digital age present in learning? A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction. C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues. 47．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find relevant information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 48．Why is practical experience important in the learning process? A．It replaces continuous learning. B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge. C．It holds back theoretical understanding. D．It offers a comprehensive understanding. 49．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________. A．compare different learning styles B．show the importance of making mistakes C．emphasize the need for parental guidance D．explain learning through action and experience 50．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk 【答案】46．A 47．C 48．D 49．D 50．B 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。在数字时代，过量的信息会造成学习停滞的问题，因此，在学习过程中，实践经验能帮助我们更全面的理解学习的知识，从而实现目标。 46．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.(在今天的数字时代，海量的信息只需点击一下，问题就来了：一个人会不会学得太多？因为没有人能掌握人类的全部知识。然而，有一种现象是，过度学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态)”可知，数字时代给学习提供了太多的信息。故选A项。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.(你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你吸收的信息越多，你的理解力就越差。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更加复杂和遥不可及)”可知，过多的信息会让理解变得更加复杂和遥不可及，即使理解变得更混乱。故选C项。 48．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”可知，在学习过程中，实际经验是重要的，因为它可以通过实践帮助理解信息，提供一个全面的理解。故选D项。 49．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和倒数第二段“A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.(婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于目标实现。通过参与行动，从结果中学习，并做出相应的调整，你会逐渐接近你的目标)”可知，通过“婴儿学习走路”的例子可以解释通过行动和经验来学习这个观点。故选D项。 50．主旨大意题。根据文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations.(总之，虽然追求知识是有价值的，但重要的是不要让它成为行动的障碍。学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的愿望前进)”可知，本文介绍在学习过程中，应将信息和实践相结合，这样能更好地实现目标。B选项“学与做的和谐”与本文主旨相符。故选B项。 Passage 11 （2023·天津红桥·一模）Time and time again, I hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work. I think you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at buildings through a different angle — an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines, the book behind the cover. Take the Queen Emma Building for example. While people may remember that building being named as one of the ugliest buildings in town, the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise-soleil (遮阳板) to block the sun. The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a decorative wall. Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town. Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a “very unpleasant” piece of architecture and can’t get over their anger, even when that building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San Francisco where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer, than the Victorian era. Yes, it was a tragedy that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class. Should that history be wiped from our memories? Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but about conveying pars of our history — not just the history of huge events, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important. 51．How do preservationists see buildings? A．They focus on their value rather than appearance. B．They pay great attention to ancient buildings. C．They are devoted to repairing famous buildings. D．They prefer ugly buildings to beautiful ones. 52．What does the author think of removing the brise-soleil of the Queen Emma Building? A．It’s confusing. B．It’s pleasing. C．It’s regrettable. D．It’s unbelievable. 53．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down? A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era. B．To make land available for cheap housing. C．To work off the deep anger of the working class. D．To restore the architecture before the Victorian era. 54．What is the author’s intention of writing this passage? A．To introduce some buildings with historical value. B．To explain the reason why architects make ugly buildings. C．To praise the work of preservationists. D．To stress the importance of preserving ugly buildings. 【答案】51．A 52．C 53．B 54．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章告诉读者为什么丑陋的建筑值得保存。 51．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I think you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at buildings through a different angle — an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines, the book behind the cover.(我想你可以说，我们保护主义者从一个不同的角度看建筑——一个可以看到丑小鸭中的天鹅，简单线条中的故事，封面后面的书的角度)”可知，保护主义者关注的是建筑的价值而不是外观。故选A。 52．推理判断题。根据第二段中“it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise-soleil (遮阳板) to block the sun(它独特地建造了一个艺术遮阳板来阻挡阳光)”以及“Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town.(不幸的是，2011年，遮阳板被拆除，使得这座建筑看起来像城里的许多当代建筑)”可知，作者认为艾玛女王大厦的遮阳板很独特，拆除遮阳板后使得这座建筑看起来像城里的许多当代建筑一样，故作者认为拆除遮阳板是件令人遗憾的事情。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yes, it was a tragedy that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class.(是的，这是一个悲剧，许多人没有欣赏维多利亚时代的建筑，让许多在几十年前被拆除，但这些损失也讲述了另一个重要的故事。它讲述了20世纪50年代和60年代的故事，当时人们希望建立一个更平等的社会，为工人阶级提供廉价的住房)”可知，旧金山很多维多利亚时代的建筑被拆除，是为了腾出土地为工人阶级建造廉价住房。故选B。 54．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but about conveying pars of our history — not just the history of huge events, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important.(保护不仅仅是保存漂亮、保存完好的建筑，而是要传达我们的部分历史——不仅仅是重大事件的历史，而是每个人过去如何去某个角落市场的故事。我们的历史不能只用符合某些人审美标准的建筑来讲述；我们的历史有时是痛苦的，但同样重要)”可知，文章主要解释为什么丑陋的建筑值得保存。故作者写这篇文章的目的是强调保存丑陋建筑物的重要性。故选D。 Passage 12 （2023·天津滨海新·三模）Have you ever come out of a steamy hot shower and tried to look at your reflection in the mirror when it’s completely steamed and fogged up? I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty—through fogged up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear! The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up, and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty. The first mirror is formed as a young child and is often based on what was said about us from our parents and those around us. I remember being told that I was a cute child, so that when I got a little older and was around six or seven and another child tried to tell me I was ugly- everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong. The second mirror is the mirror of adolescence, those formative years when we are pushed into the big wild world and out of the protection of home. As a teenager I went to a boarding school, and I was one of the only two black people in the entire school. Children being naturally curious, I felt like I was asked a million and one different questions about both my hair and skin tone- -and I don’t think there has ever been a time when I have been more acutely aware of my appearance, which in turn opened up the door for me to question how I looked and to thankfully embrace my differences. The final mirror comes from socially constructed ideas of beauty. We are often faced with numerous images in the media, popular culture, society, peers and social media, which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes. We tend to compare ourselves to those ideals and use it as some sort of margin (差值) of measurement. However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror, a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons, accusations, judgments and expectations. 55．What do the fogged-up mirrors represent according to the first paragraph? A．The difficulties of seeing oneself in the mirror. B．The various sources of beauty standards. C．The unclear perceptions of one’s beauty. D．The life experiences and memories. 56．How did the author react when someone called her ugly? A．She felt embarrassed. B．She completely denied it. C．She sought comfort from her parents. D．She questioned what her parents had said. 57．What can we learn about social constructed ideas of beauty? A．They push teens out of home protection. B．They arouse acute awareness of one’s appearance. C．They may mislead people’s idea of beauty. D．They are the exact measurement of beauty. 58．What does the author suggest as a possible fourth mirror? A．A mirror not affected by external factors. B．A mirror going against society’s expectations. C．A mirror reflecting one’s childhood experiences. D．A mirror showing the beauty ideals from social media. 59．The passage is mainly written to tell us that we should________. A．bring happiness to those around us B．keep our resolve despite obstacles C．change ourselves to achieve an ideal D．embrace our real inner beauty 【答案】55．C 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。 55．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty—through fogged up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear!The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up, and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty.(我常常认为这就是我们看待自己美丽的方式——透过雾蒙蒙的镜子。我们看到了我们自己，但是画面不是很清楚！随着我们的成长，镜子已经被不同的生活经历和记忆所模糊，现在融合在一起，形成了我们自己对美的定义。)”可知，第一段中提到的被雾遮住的镜子指的是人们对美的模糊认识。故选C。 56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I remember being told that I was a cute child, so that when I got a little older and was around six or seven and another child tried to tell me I was ugly- everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong.(我记得有人告诉我，我是一个可爱的孩子，所以当我长大一点，大概六七岁的时候，另一个孩子试图告诉我我很丑——我内心的一切都站起来反对这种说法，因为我对父母说的话的自信是坚定不移的。)”可知，当有人说作者丑时，她完全否认这种说法，故选B。 57．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“We are often faced with numerous images in the media, popular culture, society, peers and social media, which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes.(我们经常在媒体、大众文化、社会、同龄人和社交媒体上面对大量的形象，这些形象会在我们眼中营造出一种错误的美的理想。)”可知，从社会建构的美的观念可能会误导人们对美的看法。故选C。 58．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror, a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons, accusations, judgments and expectations.(然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。也许是时候创造第四面镜子了，一面被擦得干干净净、没有比较、指责、判断和期望的迷雾的新镜子。)”可推知，作者认为第四面镜子是一面不受外界影响的镜子，故选A。 59．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. (然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。)”可知，在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们要拥抱我们真正的内在美，故选D。 Passage 13 （2023·天津河北·二模）What is your calling? What is your purpose in life? What did you come to this world to do? Every day we read about how we should find our purpose and pursue it throughout our lives in order to find meaning and contentment. There are even scientific studies that show people who view their work as a calling rather than just a career or a job have a higher life and work satisfaction. So, what exactly is this calling? I’ve personally struggled with this concept for many years. I knew that happiness not only came from a present state of joy, but also from the pursuit of an objective that gave me something to pursue. That is, until I found myself feeling empty despite my achievement of those goals. And as I reflected on these feelings of emptiness and boredom that had arisen despite my successes, I realized something. Meaning and satisfaction come from a personal devotion to what we do and the intrinsic (固有的) fulfillment we get from it. It has nothing to do with financial gain, social advancement or any other type of external reward or motivation. It is about doing something that we love. It is about focusing our efforts and spending our time on passions that light the spark inside of us and allow us to share with the world the unique gifts we possess. I had never before stopped to think about what I found intrinsically rewarding or fulfilling. Financial gain and external recognition were pretty much the only drivers I knew. More so, I thought this calling meant having one passion we were born with to pursue relentlessly (不懈地). So, I spent some years trying to find this long-lost purpose of mine. I discovered during that time passions I had no idea I even had. Yet, I wasn’t sure how to make them into my life purpose. I searched for an answer but couldn’t find it. It wasn’t until I came to understand the truths about our purpose in life that I was able to find my place in this world. Our purpose can consist of various things that make us feel alive. As we grow and evolve throughout the different stages in our lives, we may discover new passions and desires that change our sense of purpose and calling. We all have a longing for lives that give meaning to our existence. The difference lies in how we go about accomplishing this. We must each find our own “shine” and then shine on. 60．According to the passage, the calling refers to________. A．one’s view about careers B．a task one has to carry out C．a life-long career one chooses D．a strong desire or sense of duty to do a job 61．Which of the following belongs to the author’s previous drivers for finding fulfillment? A．Financial gain and external recognition. B．Pursuing passions relentlessly. C．Discovering new passions. D．Finding purpose in life. 62．What is the real purpose in life according to the author? A．Trying to do everything that you can. B．Trying to achieve your ambitious goals. C．Doing meaningful things with your passion. D．Doing something that can be successful easily. 63．According to the 5th paragraph, we know that________. A．the author spent some years making changes B．the author used to think he had no passion at all C．the author didn’t know how to search for the life purpose D．the author has known his passions since he started to work 64．What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A．It’s wise to give up discovering our one true passion. B．It’s useless to pursue financial gain and external recognition. C．It’s necessary to find our own calling and pursue it with vigor. D．It’s important to share our passion with the world without stopping. 【答案】60．D 61．A 62．C 63．B 64．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。你的使命感是什么？你的人生目标是什么？你来到这个世界是为了做什么？本文主要探讨了人活着的意义。 60．细节理解题。根据第一自然段“There are even scientific studies that show people who view their work as a calling rather than just a career or a job have a higher life and work satisfaction.  (甚至有科学研究表明，将工作视为一种使命而不仅仅是一种职业或工作的人，他们的生活和工作满意度更高。)”以及第四自然段“ More so, I thought this calling meant having one passion we were born with to pursue relentlessly (不懈地). (更重要的是，我认为这种使命感意味着拥有一种与生俱来的激情，那就是坚持不懈地追求。)”可知，使命感指的是强烈的工作欲望或责任感。故选D。 61．细节理解题。根据第四自然段“ Financial gain and external recognition were pretty much the only drivers I knew. (财务收益和外部认可几乎是我所知道的唯一驱动因素。)”可知，作者以前寻找满足感的驱动因素是财务收益和外部认可。故选A。 62．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“ It is about doing something that we love. It is about focusing our efforts and spending our time on passions that light the spark inside of us and allow us to share with the world the unique gifts we possess. (这是关于做一些我们喜欢的事情。这是关于把我们的努力和时间集中在激情上，这些激情点燃了我们内心的火花，让我们能够与世界分享我们所拥有的独特天赋。)”可知，根据作者的说法，生活的真正目的是用我们的激情做有意义的事情。故选C。 63．细节理解题。根据第五自然段“I discovered during that time passions I had no idea I even had. Yet, I wasn’t sure how to make them into my life purpose.  (在那段时间里，我发现了我甚至不知道自己有过的激情。然而，我不知道如何让它们成为我的人生目标。)”可知，根据第5段可知，作者过去认为他一点激情都没有。故选B。 64．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We all have a longing for lives that give meaning to our existence. The difference lies in how we go about accomplishing this. We must each find our own “shine” and then shine on. (我们都渴望能够赋予我们存在意义的生活。不同之处在于我们如何实现这一点。我们每个人都必须找到自己的“闪光点”，然后发光发热。)”可知，从本文我们可以总结出，我们每个人要找到自己的使命，并充满活力地追求它。故选C。 Passage 14 （2023·天津南开·二模）Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent (连贯的) picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap (重叠部分) between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋). There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers say that about 25% of young people show symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, and out-of-control consumerism. We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think this approach to be the cause of narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows his strengths will automatically view himself as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive (过分的) self-admiration. Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. A famous magazine noted that narcissism is a favored topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it. The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because of our binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achieved so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities. When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to make the idea clear that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and ready to help others. It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with, who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths. 65．Which of the following opinions may the writer agree with? A．Strength-based parenting leads to narcissism. B．It’s unhelpful for us to make our children feel good about themselves. C．To say all kids are potential narcissists is overstating the case. D．Children who know their strengths tend to be more selfish and uncaring. 66．Why are teenagers’ strengths often considered as narcissism according to Paragraph 5? A．Academic journals report more on narcissism. B．There is a lack of narcissism in our common sense. C．Many people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors. D．The general public has less access to strengths psychology. 67．Why does the author mention Gandi and Mother Teresa? A．Because they are as famous as Donald Trump. B．Because they are both confident and modest. C．Because confidence is quite important for celebrities. D．Because a strength-based approach will cause narcissism. 68．What’s the author’s attitude towards young kids’ strength-based approaches? A．Favorable. B．Neutral. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful. 69．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Teens’ Psychology Research B．Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis C．Teens’ Strength-based Approach D．Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood 【答案】65．C 66．D 67．B 68．A 69．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。一直以来，人们对个人优势和自恋两者之间认识不足，导致了对青少年的自信产生误解。作者解释了对青少年的自信被误解为自恋的这一现象，及其产生原因，并认为：以突出孩子们优势为基础的教养方式是有益的。 65．推理判断题。根据第三段“We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. (我们对这种现象的担忧是正确的，但是我们担心所有的孩子都是潜在的自恋者，这对那些试图让孩子和青少年自我感觉良好的方法造成了无益的反作用力)”以及最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with, who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋狂的风险，但我想为与我共事过的成千上万个关心他人、体贴他人、谦逊的孩子们说话——即使他们在发挥自己的优势时也是如此)”可推知，作者认为不是所有孩子都是潜在的自恋者，这样的说法过于夸大事实。故选C。 66．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. (为什么会出现这种情况？这在一定程度上是因为人们对自恋的了解多于对优势的了解。虽然关于优势的心理学在很大程度上还停留在学术期刊的范围内，但对自恋的研究已经进入了大众媒体和我们的日常生活)”可知，青少年因优势产生的自信常常被误认为是自恋，是因为大众对自恋很熟悉，而对关于优势的心理学接触较少、相对陌生。故选D。 67．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 “We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achieved so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities.(我们错误地认为一个人不可能既自信又谦虚。我们关注的是唐纳德·特朗普和金·卡戴珊，而不是圣雄甘地和特蕾莎修女。如果对自己的力量没有信心，甘地和特蕾莎修女不可能取得这么大的成就，然而谦虚和无私是他们的品质)”可知，这一段，作者认为人们的看法——一个人不可能既自信又谦虚——是错误的。由此推知，作者以甘地和特蕾莎为例，来证明自己的观点，即一个人既自信又谦虚是可能的。故选B。 68．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with, who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(很容易得出结论，每个年轻人都有成为自恋者的风险，但我想为我接触过的成千上万的年轻人挺身而出，他们关心他人、体贴他人、谦逊——即使他们在发挥自己的优势时也是如此)”可推知，作者对幼儿自信建立法是支持的态度。故选A。 69．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent (连贯的) picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap (重叠部分) between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).(心理科学充满了有趣的话题，其中许多都描绘了人性的连贯画面，但有些却创造了看似矛盾的东西。一个恰当的例子就是，基于能力的科学和关于自恋的研究之间存在微妙和被误解的重叠)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是人们对青少年的自信产生了误解。故选D。 Passage 15 （2023·天津南开·二模）We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we become accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive. Writing in these pages several years ago, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses (忏悔) things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships? Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better — but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to considerably reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline. Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is unavoidable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with (按照) traffic laws actually improves human performance. Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such unexpected social effects into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you. 70．What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph? A．AI will lead to distant inter-personal relationships. B．We will feel comfortable speaking to others online. C．AI will enable people to communicate more with others. D．We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI. 71．In Paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in ________. A．drivers’ interaction with the cars B．drivers’ exhaustion and distraction C．our ability to cooperate with others while driving D．our ability to deal with emergencies while driving 72．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars? A．They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers. B．They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers. C．They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely. D．They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car. 73．Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with? A．Brake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger. B．We should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it. C．We can launch new forms of AI without thinking of unexpected social effects. D．More efforts should be made to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars. 74．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To present the challenges brought by AI. B．To explain the reason why AI may harm human relations. C．To put forward how to solve the unexpected effect of AI. D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of driverless cars. 【答案】70．A 71．C 72．C 73．D 74．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的论点——人工智能会阻止人们之间更深层次的交流。接着开始提出自己对于无人驾驶汽车的看法和担忧，并提出需要进一步提升无人驾驶汽车的软件和硬件，让它们更好、更安全地服务于人们。 70．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. (随着人工智能深入我们的生活，我们必须面对这样一种可能性，即它将阻止我们的情感和深层次的人际联系)”可推知，作者认为人工智能会导致人与人之间的联系变得越来越肤浅、浅显。故选A。 71．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation.(但它们还会对人类产生什么影响呢？开车是一种非常现代的社会互动，需要高度的合作)”及划线词所在句“I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.(我担心，无人驾驶汽车夺走了我们锻炼这种能力的机会，可能会导致这种它的衰落)”可知，“its decline”指的是前文“this ability”的衰弱和下降，而“this ability”指代上文中的“high levels of cooperation”，即开车时的合作能力。故选C。 72．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with (按照) traffic laws actually improves human performance.(例如，在一辆以稳定不变速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车旁边驾驶了一段时间的司机可能会不太注意驾驶，因此，一旦他们行驶到只有人类司机占据的高速公路路段，发生事故的可能性就会增加。经验表明，与完全遵守交通法规行驶的自动驾驶汽车并排行驶实际上会提高人的表现)”可知，无人驾驶汽车能降低其他车辆中的司机出现交通事故的概率，也就是说它们能使人类驾驶员在其他车辆中更安全。故选C。 73．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.(我们必须付出使自动驾驶汽车成为可能的硬件和软件所付出的同样努力，来管理人工智能对车外人员的潜在影响。毕竟，我们在你的车后面安装刹车灯不仅仅是，甚至主要是为了你的利益，而是为了你后面的人)”可推知，作者认为对于自动驾驶汽车，我们应该努力提高它的硬件和软件，让它更加安全。故选D。 74．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations.(我们正在遇到人工智能如何损害人际关系的现实例子)”和第二段中的“Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us.(此外，我们将与其他一些挑战作斗争。毕竟，无人驾驶汽车的时代已经来临)”及第三段中的“Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is unavoidable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact.(这些车辆不仅会被编程为接管驾驶职责，从而剥夺人类做出道德判断的权力(例如，当碰撞不可避免时，该撞哪位行人)，它们还会影响到与它们没有直接接触的人类)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示人工智能带来的挑战。故选A。 Passage 16 （2023·天津河北·一模）If I could give today’s young people three wishes, they would be: more hugs, more time outside in nature, more belief in their own power to change the world. The third one leaves some people wondering why young people’s belief in their own power is so essential. Let’s start with the idea that all of us – especially young people – need heroes. Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity and a hero. A celebrity is all about fame – temporary, superficial fame, usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move, etc. A hero, by contrast, is about character- qualities under the surface that aren’t seen until they take action. Heroes are all around us. They truly hold our world together, through their unselfish devotion to helping others, teaching children, and protecting the environment. They don’t want fame, or glory; they just want to help. In so many ways, these unsung heroes pilot the boat in which all of us sail. Yet, young people hear a lot more about celebrities than about heroes in the media. The hidden message they get from all this is that their self-worth comes from what they buy – which shoes, which cell phone – not who they are down inside. What gets lost in this? Young people’s sense of their own potential for heroic qualities – their own power to – make a positive difference in the world. Truth is, there is a potential hero, a future difference maker, in every young person. How do we help young people believe in their own power? The best way is simply to share examples of other young people who have made a difference. Barbara grew up on a farm in Texas. When she realized that local farmers were pouring their used motor oil into rivers, causing pollution, she organised the creation of a recycling centre for crude oil (原油). Her project has grown to include 18 recycling centres in Texas. The list could continue. These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great. 75．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 2? A．To give examples of celebrities and heroes around us. B．To discuss the distinctions between celebrities and heroes. C．To illustrate the details about being celebrities and heroes. D．To explain the meanings of the words “celebrity” and “hero”. 76．What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 3? A．Heroes only help specific groups of people. B．Heroes want to be recognised for their work. C．Heroes play a vital role in keeping the world running. D．Heroes enjoy piloting boats to reach their destination. 77．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Heroes and celebrities are both valued today. B．Society doesn’t support the development of heroes. C．The media turns ordinary celebrities into real heroes. D．Young people don’t have the belief in their own strength. 78．How does the author advance his view that young people believe in their own power? A．By explaining the qualities that make a young person a hero. B．By comparing the achievements made by different young people. C．By giving examples of young people who show the qualities of a hero. D．By providing examples of qualities that have made young people famous. 79．What does the passage focus on? A．More heroes are needed in the world. B．Celebrities are reported too much in the media. C．Adults should become role models for young people. D．Young people should believe in their ability to make a difference. 【答案】75．B 76．C 77．D 78．C 79．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过一些事例表明了年轻人相信自己改变世界的力量是多么的重要。 75．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity and a hero.”（我们的现代社会对于名人和英雄之间的区别非常困惑$$ 阅读理解议论文（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 2023年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 5 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 2023年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 艺术美学 2 0 2 1 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 3 1 1 0 0 2022年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 人类认知 2 1 0 0 2 D 议论文 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2 0 3 0 0 2021年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 学校生活 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与创新 3 0 1 0 1 D 议论文 人与社会 艺术与人类文明 3 1 1 0 0 2021年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 社会交往 4 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 积极的生活态度 0 0 3 1 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展 2 1 2 0 1 D 议论文 人与自我 丰富自我 2 1 2 0 0 2020年7月 A 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 2 0 2 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 3 1 1 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 0 1 3 0 1 2020年5月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 1 0 3 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 1 0 3 1 1 D 议论文 人与社会 社会进步与人类文明 0 2 2 1 0 2019年6月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 优秀品行和正确的人生态度 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与自然 自然环境 2 0 3 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习 0 0 2 1 2 2019年3月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 2 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 0 0 1 C 说明文 人与自我 健康的生活方式 2 0 1 1 1 D 议论文 人与自我 认识自我 2 1 1 0 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近5年天津卷议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。 【备考策略】 在阅读解题时，应从结构和内容两个维度同时入手。首要步骤是全面通读文章，随后区分其中的事实与观点。一般而言，议论文往往遵循三段论式的结构。文章开篇通常会通过一个故事或对某种现象的阐述来引出主题，并明确提出论点。紧接着是文章的主体部分，该部分会利用两个或更多的段落，通过引用事实、理论依据以及采用举例、引用、对比等多种论证手法来展开论证。在这一环节中，应特别注意作者所选择的论据，因为它们常常与细节理解题的考查重点相对应，同时还要关注作者所采用的论证方法。文章的最后一段是结论部分，需要明确把握作者最终得出的结论。在全面通读文章并理解其结构和内容之后，再开始阅读试题，并在文章中寻找相应的信息，如事实、观点、作者的真正意图以及结论等。 【命题预测】 2025年阅读理解仍然会考查议论文，主要考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题，也可能会考查词义猜测题。 必备基础知识： 【题型解读】 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辦是非等方法，直接阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。 议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅：论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。文章大多以“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的结构行文。因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时人手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论据和论证，明晰作者最后得出的结论。 【解题技巧】 对于演绎论证的议论文，首要的是留意文章的开篇。开篇往往直接点明文章的主旨，即作者的核心观点，从而引领读者把握文章的中心思想。 对于归纳论证的议论文，则需重视文章的尾段。尾段通常是对前文所列举的事例和分论点进行归纳和总结，是理解文章整体内容的关键。 对于比较论证的议论文，关键在于识别并比较事物之间的相同点与不同点。通过这种对比，读者能够更准确地把握文章的主旨。 （PS: 议论文阅读理解的时间控制在10分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） 重难点知识： 考点精讲01议论文之主旨大意题 【题型解读】 议论文阅读理解中的主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章整体内容的理解和把握能力，具体包括： 文章主旨题：要求考生概括文章的中心思想或主要观点。 段落大意题：针对文章中的某一段或几段，要求考生概括其主要内容。 标题归纳题：要求考生根据文章内容，选择一个最合适的标题。 【技巧】 1. 快速理解文章主旨 · 浏览全文：首先快速浏览全文，特别关注首段和尾段，因为议论文的首段常用来引入话题并提出论点，尾段则用于总结全文。 · 寻找主题句：主题句通常出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也可能在段落中间。主题句具有概括性，能够表达段落或全文的中心思想。 · 识别高频词：注意文章中反复出现的词汇或短语，它们往往与文章主题紧密相关。 2. 提取关键信息 · 关注转折词：段落中出现转折词（如however, but, yet等）时，其后的句子往往包含重要信息，可能是主题句。 · 注意结论性语句：表示总结或结论的语句（如therefore, in conclusion, in short等）后面的内容也是提取关键信息的重点。 · 辨别事实与观点：区分文章中的事实描述和作者的观点表达，作者的观点往往更接近文章的主旨。 3. 解题细节与常见错误 · 避免断章取义：不要仅根据文章中的某个片段或细节来确定主旨，而应综合考虑全文内容。 · 注意范围适度：选择的答案应既不过于宽泛也不过于狭窄，要准确覆盖文章的核心内容。 · 排除干扰项：干扰项往往包含文章中的具体事实或细节，但未能概括全文主旨。 （2021·天津·高考真题）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist 考点精讲02议论文之词义猜测题 【题型解读】 议论文阅读理解中的词义猜测题主要包括词义猜测、句意理解和代词指代。 词义猜测题一般针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语进行设问，这此需要猜测的单词或短语往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中通常会提供和这些词或短语相关的定义解释、提示词或者句子结构等，因此做题时要善于捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。 句意理解题是指猜测某个句子的意思，要求考生通过分析上下文语境，理解句子表达的含义。考生首先应在原文中找到该句，进行语法和逻辑关系分析，然后细读，把握句子前后的语境，最后结合语境猜测句子的意思。解此类试题常用“意义吻合”法。 代词指代题旨在考查考生根据上下文猜测代词的指代意义的能力。代词多是it， that， he， him， those等，可以指代上文提到的人或物，it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的内容。 【解题技巧】 猜测词义的5大技巧： 1. 利用构词法猜词义。阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。考生可以根据构词法猜测词义。常见的构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转化法。 2. 利用逻辑关系猜词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系通常有因果关系、并列(近义)关系、对比(反义)关系、转折关系等。 3. 利用语法关系猜词义。利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、定语从句、同位语从句、标点符号等进行词义猜测。 4. 利用生活常识和文化背景猜词义。 5. 利用上下文语境猜词义。 句意理解解题步骤： 1. 定位：返回原文，定位画线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句。 2. 分析：分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意。 3. 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项。 代词指代解题步骤： 1. 返回原文，找出考查的指代词。 2. 向上搜索，找上文最近的名词、名词性短语或句子。 3. 带入原文。将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代人替换该指代词。 4. 确定答案。将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代人后与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 （2020·天津·高考真题）Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us. History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody. The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives. 1．The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________. A．the turning point in our history B．the present state of our nation C．the location of our homeland D．the total area of our country （最新模拟试题演练） Passage 1 （2024·天津河北·二模）Lining up to board a plane has become a star k indicator of how our society has commodified (商品化的) the very act of waiting. The more you pay, the sooner you can get on the plane and the less likely you will have to check a bag. It’s not just airlines, it’s also museums, online purchases and amusement parks where VIP status can help you avoid lines. When did the act of waiting get such a bad reputation? The very act of waiting can enhance our appreciation of something. We savor (欣赏) the anticipation like a child waiting for Christmas or summer vacation. Perhaps the person waiting in line to see his favorite singer perform in concert relishes the night more because of the time invested in getting into the venue. As our world has sped up, this desirable balance between instant and delayed gratification (满足) is at ever greater odds with the current expectations of many people. This change has a negative impact on mental health both individually and collectively. When we look down upon the act of waiting, we risk losing an important part of our shared humanity. Being forced to wait is often seen as a sign of being less well off or ‘not in the game’. It encourages privileged impatience and disrespect for those who are caught waiting. The ability to wait patiently is very important for a civitized society; it’s a key skill we all need. If we lose our patience and can’t wait in line or for our turn, we end up feeling the stress of a fast-paced world. Furthermore, if we call people who wait “losers”, we are being unfair and may act without thinking about how our actions affect others. This kind of thinking makes us see those who wait as different and less important, which is a harmful way to treat others. Of course, we should not have to wait patiently for everything. For example, there are times when injustice deserves immediate action. Asking people to wait can be a calculated block to change. In a larger context though, it behoves (理应) all of us to understand the act of waiting not only as a necessary evil but also as an important function which allows us to participate fully alongside our fellow travelers in life. 1．What is the purpose of the author’s writing Paragraph 1? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To make a comparison. C．To propose a suggestion. D．To present a phenomenon. 2．What benefit of waiting is emphasized by the author? A．Enhanced appreciation of experiences. B．Increased frustration and impatience. C．Immediate access to all desires. D．Decreased value of time. 3．What factor contributes to a stable attitude while waiting? A．. Growing expectations for speedy service. B．Appreciating the moment and anticipating. C．Understanding through technological progress. D．Experiencing the quickening pace of everyday life. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Waiting is an important part of our shared humanity. B．Waiting means that one is at a disadvantage state. C．Waiting is wrong and should be avoided. D．Waiting helps us treat each other better. 5．What point is made in the last paragraph about waiting? A．Immediate action is sometimes necessary and justified. B．Waiting is a waste of time without real purpose. C．Patience is no longer a virtue in today’s society. D．Waiting always fences the change. Passage 2 （2024·天津南开·二模）Many animals and plants are endangered in the world today. These endangered species are threatened with becoming extinct, meaning they will no longer exist on Earth. Examples include the Cuban Macaw and the Sri Lankan Legume Tree. Hunting, and collecting of the Macaw bird for pets, led to its extinction. Whilst the main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from development in the 20h century. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species. Every living thing from one-celled animals to a blue whale needs to eat. Nature is connected and controlled by many fragile (脆弱的) food chains. A food chain describes who eats whom in a habitat. When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present — for example, a species goes extinct — the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed. Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. But some parts of the world are still experiencing problems with invasive species introduced hundreds of years ago. With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction. 6．What could be inferred from Paragraph 1? A．Macaws are extinct because of habitat loss B．Sri Lankan Legume Tree became extinct because of seed collecting. C．The invasive species may lead to the extinction of the native species. D．The main cause of plants extinction is hunting. 7．What can we learn about food chain from Paragraph 2? A．It only affects one-celled animals. B．It decides the balance of the whole system. C．It is always broken by invasive species. D．It is controlled by fragile nature. 8．According to Paragraph 3, how did humans affect food chains in areas they explored? A．By settling in. B．By taking away native species. C．By hunting local animals. D．By introducing foreign species. 9．The underlined word “thrive” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．to continue to live or exist B．to grow toward full stature or physical or mental maturity C．to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. D．to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 10．According to the author, which of the following is correct? A．The food chain will always find a way to be balanced. B．The natural world experiences times of damage but it always can recover. C．Human activity, in all forms, tends to cause great destruction to the natural world. D．Despite the climate change caused by humans, plants and animals will go extinct naturally. Passage 3 （2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 11．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 12．What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A．To forgive is to love. B．To dominate is to harm. C．To fight is to grow. D．To give is to receive. 13．What does the underlined word “estranged” mean in the passage? A．Connected and harmonious. B．Separated and disconnected. C．Forgiving and loving. D．Aggressive and hostile. 14．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical. 15．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality. Passage 4 （2024·天津·二模）How many times have you found yourself in conversations with friends, family members or loved ones and discovered that you had completely tuned out to what they were saying? How much of our attention are we truly giving to the people who are supposed to be important to us? According to research cited by Wright State University, while most people believe they are good listeners who don’t need to improve their listening skills, the average person only listens at about 25 percent efficiency. So why aren’t we better listeners? As a society, we may be growing more narcissistic (自我陶醉的). A 2007 study found a rise in self-centeredness and narcissism among college students. If we, as a culture, are becoming more self-centered, how can we, as individuals, work to become more caring and compassionate communicators? We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations. As Stephen R. Covey wrote in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change, “Most people do not listen with the intent to understand but to reply.” A dialogue is an opportunity to learn, to see things from a new perspective, to open your eyes to new information and possibilities. Yet, too often we engage in conversation as if it’s a debate. We speak to hear our own voices — our own pre-existing opinions. In doing so, we tend to space out when spoken to. We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely, for the other person to finish, so we can say something we feel is of value. Playwright Wilson Mizner said, “A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while, he knows something.” Listening doesn’t just expand our knowledge on an intellectual level; it enables us to have a more personal, in-depth understanding of our closest friends. Relationships are truly enriched by an equal back-and-forth exchange in communication. When these dynamics become more one-sided, we tend to lose interest and create distance in our friendships, with less trust established, less honesty exchanged. Thankfully, we can all improve our listening skills. Maybe we aren’t as good a listener as we believe. Do we tend to focus too much on ourselves — both in positive and negative ways? Do we get distracted by an inner coach, rather than living in the moment and really engaging in what’s being said? As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds, we can start to open ourselves up to others, becoming better listeners, thinkers, lovers and friends. 16．What is the author’s purpose in showing the social phenomena in Paragraph 1? A．To show most people are confident about their listening skills. B．To express his concerns about people’s lack of attention when talking. C．To introduce the fact that people have low efficiency of listening in life. D．To provide some information about how people behave in conversation. 17．Why does the author cite the research data from the year 2007? A．To prove college students have become more self-centered and narcissistic over time. B．To show the belief in people’s listening skills is outdated and needs to be updated. C．To provide an example of how society’s narcissism affects personal relationships. D．To support the argument that society is becoming more self-centered and narcissistic. 18．Based on the views of Stephen R. Covey and Wilson Mizner, which of the following statements is true? A．People should listen to learn and see things from a new perspective. B．A good listener is popular but does not necessarily know everything. C．Most people listen with the intention to understand, not to reply. D．We should speak to hear our own voices and pre-existing opinions. 19．What does the underline phrase “space out” in Paragraph 4mean? A．Become focused. B．Feel confused. C．Be absent-minded. D．Remain anxious. 20．Which of the following titles best captures the main idea? A．The Decline of Listening in Modern Society B．Improving Listening Skills for Better Relationships C．The Impact of Narcissism on Social Communication D．Why We Should Listen More and Speak Less Passage 5 （2024·天津和平·三模）History has been characterized differently. It’s hard to define such a monumental thing without dealing with the tensions between what is fact and what is fiction, as well as what was included and what was left out. So it’s only fitting that those tensions are wrapped up in the history of the word itself. The short version is that the term history has evolved from an ancient Greek verb that means “to know”. The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. And from there it’s a short jump to the accounts of events that a person might put together from making inquiries-what we might call stories. The words story and history share much of their ancestry, and in previous eras, the overlap between them was much messier than it is today. The working out of distinction has taken centuries. Today, we might think of the dividing line as the one between fact and fiction. Stories are fanciful tales woven at bedtime. That word can even be used to describe an outright lie. Histories, on the other hand, are records of events. That word refers to all time before this very moment and everything that really happened up to now. The distinction is still messier than that, of course. Plenty of stories like the story of a person’s life or a "true story" on which a less-true film is based -are supposed to be factual. And plenty of stories go against easy categorization one way or the other. Take the notion of someone telling their side of a story. To them, that account might be perfectly correct. To someone else, that account might be totally incorrect. As the linguistic divide has evolved since the Middle Ages, we have come to expect more from history -that it be free from the imperfections of viewpoint and selective memory that stories so often contain. Yet it isn’t, humans being the imperfect creatures and history being something that is made rather than handed down from some all-knowing writer. That is why feminists, for example, rejected the word history and championed the notion of herstory during the 1970s to point out the fact that history has mostly come from a male perspective. The “his” in history has nothing, linguistically, to do with the pronoun referring to a male person. And some critics pointed that out back in the 1970s, saying that the invention of herstory showed ignorance about where the word comes from. But there’s evidence that the feminists knew as much at the time. And more importantly, the fact that it sounds possible that there would be a link can still tell us something. It can suggest a lot the about gender and whether a female viewpoint is included in the tales passed down in textbooks. That’s why, even if the origins of the word “history” are clear, the question of who gets to decide which version of the past is the right one remains a controversial debate centuries after the term came to be. 21．The word “overlap” in Paragraph 3 probably indicates ____. A．the knowledge people put together from different inquiries B．the distinction between the ancestry of “story” and “history” C．the meaning and use both “story” and “history” shared D．the dividing line between tales and records of events 22．The distinction between “history” and “story” is still messier today because ____. A．people often feel reluctant to tell a true story in a factual way B．different sides of stories fall into different categories too easily C．people have to tell correct or incorrect stories against their will D．sometimes it is very hard to distinguish between fact and fiction 23．The invention of “herstory” reveals that _____. A．history can be plainly interpreted as “his story” B．feminists didn’t know about the origins of “history” C．women should decide what to be written in history D．history is something made as a one-sided story 24．Which in the following is the best title? A．These Are the Characteristics of the Word “History” B．This Is Where the Word “History” Comes From C．How do “History”, “Story” and “Herstory” Differ? D．History Doesn’t Always Tell All the Truth to Us 25．The passage is meant to ________. A．discuss the origin and meaning of the word “history” B．point out the problems with the way history is taught C．show that history is often influenced by personal biases D．emphasize the importance of knowing the true meaning of words Passage 6 （2024·天津武清·模拟预测）To put it simply, stress can be the father of growth, while a crisis can be the mother of innovation. The notion that great good can emerge from great adversity (逆境) is as old as the legend of the great phoenix (凤凰), who not only arises but soars to new heights from its own ashes. In 1598, William Shakespeare penned the play As You Like It. One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, “Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad (癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.” Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. Can this really be the case? Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the “talkies”(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. She once noted, “You may have a fresh start any moment you choose, for this thing that we call ‘failure’ is not the falling down, but the staying down.” Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity. Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. These include the crises adversity brings. In Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, Behold the Man, the German philosopher writes that a person who has “turned out well” could be recognized by the ability to take advantage of and prosper from adversity, just as he wrote before, “What does not kill him makes him stronger.” So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success? 26．Why does the author quote the line from Shakespeare’s play? A．To emphasize the great wisdom of Shakespeare. B．To highlight the beauty of Shakespeare’s language. C．To challenge the conventional belief regarding adversity. D．To show the long-standing recognition of adversity’s value. 27．What is conveyed through Mary Pickford’s story? A．Fame can block one’s achievements. B．Strong determination overcomes adversity. C．Accepting adversity results in positive outcomes. D．Courage in the face of challenges leads to success. 28．What is the idea behind Krumboltz’s happenstance theory? A．Embracing uncertainty. B．Managing life’s challenges. C．Seizing hidden opportunities. D．Focusing on personal growth. 29．What is the author’s attitude towards adversity? A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 30．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Finding value and opportunity in facing adversity. B．Stress as the primary cause of growth and innovation. C．How to avoid adversity and negative experiences in life. D．Historical figures who failed to overcome adversity effectively. Passage 7 （2024·天津滨海新·三模）Life’s journey can often be a lonely one without the comforting presence of companionship. While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship? Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship. We all face tough times, feeling depressed or even hopeless at times. A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. While it’s effortless to share joyous moments, friendship shines through during tough times. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests. True friends not only stand by you through thick and thin, but also offer constructive criticism when necessary. Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple,” highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear. While delivering criticism is never easy, a genuine friend is unafraid to point out mistakes or misguided paths. Giving constructive criticism, along with helpful advice, is a key part of true friendship. A true friend will speak up if they see you heading down a harmful path, even if it’s uncomfortable. The reluctance to speak up against a friend’s bad decision may lead to regret. As Wilde suggests, truth can be complex, but it’s important to express genuine concern. In a strong friendship, honest and caring advice weaves a web of trust and mutual growth. In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care. To have even one true friend is a blessing that should be treasured. Let us strive to be true friends and, in turn, cherish the true friends we encounter on life’s journey. 31．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ______. A．the essential nature of true friendship B．the significance of family bonds over friendship C．the challenges of maintaining lasting relationships D．the contribution of personal qualities to true friendship 32．What can be learnt about true friendship from Paragraph 2? A．It merely exists during moments of success. B．It relies on criticizing friends during tough times. C．It prioritizes personal interests over companionship. D．It involves mutual support during both highs and lows. 33．The author develops his arguments through ______. A．adopting proper exaggerations B．employing famous quotes C．sharing personal experiences D．providing statistical evidence 34．What does the underlined part “fair-weather companions” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Friends who are always reliable and trustworthy. B．Friends who offer constructive criticism with care. C．Friends who only support you during good times. D．Friends who show little interest in your success. 35．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Better an honest enemy than a false friend. B．Friendship is the only ship that never sinks. C．Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. D．Friends catch you when you fall and push you forward. Passage 8 （2022·天津·三模）A new study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family claims that all that time you spend parenting just doesn’t matter. But it’s a claim that, despite the enthusiastic and widespread coverage by the media, does not hold water. The research suggests that child outcomes (including behavior problems, emotional problems, and academic performance) are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children. The researchers examined the time diaries of 1,600 children, looking at parenting time and outcomes when the kids were aged 3 to 11 in 1997, and again in 2002, when they were between 8 and 16. (A time diary is a detailed report of all activities you carry out in a day. ) This research largely reflects the failure of the authors to correctly measure parental input. It just looked at time diaries from two particular days-one a weekday and the other a weekend day. Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day’s diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day. If yesterday was payday, you looked rich, but if it’s not, you would be reported as poor. You get a clearer picture only by looking at your income — or your parenting time—over a more meaningful period. What you did yesterday should not be taken as representative of what you did last year, This is why most high-quality studies of parenting time focus instead on how often parents read to their children, play with them or help their with homework over a period of a month or longer — long enough to represent their different approaches to parenting. As an exhausted parent who doesn’t get enough time to work out, and who hasn’t seen a movie for months, I understand why so many of us might seize on studies suggesting that we should take more time for ourselves. Perhaps we should. But I agree with Ariel Kalil, a developmental psychologist, on the suggestion “that when parents spend high-quality time with their children, their children are more likely to succeed.” 36．By saying in Paragraph 1 “... it’s a claim that ... does not bold water”, the author means the claim is not ________. A．reasonable B．surprising C．confusing D．usual 37．The study was conducted to explore the link between ________. A．children’s habits and parents’ influence B．parenting time and child outcomes C．time diaries and child development D．daily activities and children’s problems 38．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By giving descriptions. B．By analyzing the cause. C．By making a comparison. D．By offering research findings. 39．The author may agree that high-quality studies of parenting time should ________. A．be completed in one month. B．adopt some different approaches. C．concentrate mainly on learning time. D．be based on data of a longer time period. 40．What can we learn about the author’s life? A．He goes to bed early every night. B．He has little interest in movies. C．He has little time for himself. D．He leads a very easy life. Passage 9 （2024·天津南开·一模）This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased (死者) said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon. On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish (亚米希人), a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities. On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media. Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it. 41．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．introduce a topic 42．What does the author intend to show with the example of the Amish? A．Their way of life will change in the near future. B．Not everyone is willing to embrace new technology. C．The quality of life in the countryside is higher than in the city. D．Following the lifestyle of celebrities will lead to a decline in the quality of life. 43．What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．New technology has brought a lot of convenience to mankind. B．New technology can prevent potential natural disasters from happening. C．New technology can help us expand our circle of friends. D．New technology can help us find our friends on the other side of the world. 44．What is the author’s attitude towards new technology? A．Pessimistic. B．Critical. C．Skeptical. D．Grateful. 45．What makes the best title for the passage? A．Should Driverless Car Have a Future. B．The Amish and New Technology C．Driverless Car with New Technology D．Should We Fight New Technology? Passage 10 （2024·天津河北·一模）In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions. 46．What problem does the digital age present in learning? A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction. C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues. 47．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find relevant information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 48．Why is practical experience important in the learning process? A．It replaces continuous learning. B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge. C．It holds back theoretical understanding. D．It offers a comprehensive understanding. 49．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________. A．compare different learning styles B．show the importance of making mistakes C．emphasize the need for parental guidance D．explain learning through action and experience 50．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk Passage 11 （2023·天津红桥·一模）Time and time again, I hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work. I think you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at buildings through a different angle — an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines, the book behind the cover. Take the Queen Emma Building for example. While people may remember that building being named as one of the ugliest buildings in town, the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise-soleil (遮阳板) to block the sun. The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a decorative wall. Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town. Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a “very unpleasant” piece of architecture and can’t get over their anger, even when that building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San Francisco where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer, than the Victorian era. Yes, it was a tragedy that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class. Should that history be wiped from our memories? Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but about conveying pars of our history — not just the history of huge events, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important. 51．How do preservationists see buildings? A．They focus on their value rather than appearance. B．They pay great attention to ancient buildings. C．They are devoted to repairing famous buildings. D．They prefer ugly buildings to beautiful ones. 52．What does the author think of removing the brise-soleil of the Queen Emma Building? A．It’s confusing. B．It’s pleasing. C．It’s regrettable. D．It’s unbelievable. 53．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down? A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era. B．To make land available for cheap housing. C．To work off the deep anger of the working class. D．To restore the architecture before the Victorian era. 54．What is the author’s intention of writing this passage? A．To introduce some buildings with historical value. B．To explain the reason why architects make ugly buildings. C．To praise the work of preservationists. D．To stress the importance of preserving ugly buildings. Passage 12 （2023·天津滨海新·三模）Have you ever come out of a steamy hot shower and tried to look at your reflection in the mirror when it’s completely steamed and fogged up? I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty—through fogged up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear! The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up, and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty. The first mirror is formed as a young child and is often based on what was said about us from our parents and those around us. I remember being told that I was a cute child, so that when I got a little older and was around six or seven and another child tried to tell me I was ugly- everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong. The second mirror is the mirror of adolescence, those formative years when we are pushed into the big wild world and out of the protection of home. As a teenager I went to a boarding school, and I was one of the only two black people in the entire school. Children being naturally curious, I felt like I was asked a million and one different questions about both my hair and skin tone- -and I don’t think there has ever been a time when I have been more acutely aware of my appearance, which in turn opened up the door for me to question how I looked and to thankfully embrace my differences. The final mirror comes from socially constructed ideas of beauty. We are often faced with numerous images in the media, popular culture, society, peers and social media, which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes. We tend to compare ourselves to those ideals and use it as some sort of margin (差值) of measurement. However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror, a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons, accusations, judgments and expectations. 55．What do the fogged-up mirrors represent according to the first paragraph? A．The difficulties of seeing oneself in the mirror. B．The various sources of beauty standards. C．The unclear perceptions of one’s beauty. D．The life experiences and memories. 56．How did the author react when someone called her ugly? A．She felt embarrassed. B．She completely denied it. C．She sought comfort from her parents. D．She questioned what her parents had said. 57．What can we learn about social constructed ideas of beauty? A．They push teens out of home protection. B．They arouse acute awareness of one’s appearance. C．They may mislead people’s idea of beauty. D．They are the exact measurement of beauty. 58．What does the author suggest as a possible fourth mirror? A．A mirror not affected by external factors. B．A mirror going against society’s expectations. C．A mirror reflecting one’s childhood experiences. D．A mirror showing the beauty ideals from social media. 59．The passage is mainly written to tell us that we should________. A．bring happiness to those around us B．keep our resolve despite obstacles C．change ourselves to achieve an ideal D．embrace our real inner beauty Passage 13 （2023·天津河北·二模）What is your calling? What is your purpose in life? What did you come to this world to do? Every day we read about how we should find our purpose and pursue it throughout our lives in order to find meaning and contentment. There are even scientific studies that show people who view their work as a calling rather than just a career or a job have a higher life and work satisfaction. So, what exactly is this calling? I’ve personally struggled with this concept for many years. I knew that happiness not only came from a present state of joy, but also from the pursuit of an objective that gave me something to pursue. That is, until I found myself feeling empty despite my achievement of those goals. And as I reflected on these feelings of emptiness and boredom that had arisen despite my successes, I realized something. Meaning and satisfaction come from a personal devotion to what we do and the intrinsic (固有的) fulfillment we get from it. It has nothing to do with financial gain, social advancement or any other type of external reward or motivation. It is about doing something that we love. It is about focusing our efforts and spending our time on passions that light the spark inside of us and allow us to share with the world the unique gifts we possess. I had never before stopped to think about what I found intrinsically rewarding or fulfilling. Financial gain and external recognition were pretty much the only drivers I knew. More so, I thought this calling meant having one passion we were born with to pursue relentlessly (不懈地). So, I spent some years trying to find this long-lost purpose of mine. I discovered during that time passions I had no idea I even had. Yet, I wasn’t sure how to make them into my life purpose. I searched for an answer but couldn’t find it. It wasn’t until I came to understand the truths about our purpose in life that I was able to find my place in this world. Our purpose can consist of various things that make us feel alive. As we grow and evolve throughout the different stages in our lives, we may discover new passions and desires that change our sense of purpose and calling. We all have a longing for lives that give meaning to our existence. The difference lies in how we go about accomplishing this. We must each find our own “shine” and then shine on. 60．According to the passage, the calling refers to________. A．one’s view about careers B．a task one has to carry out C．a life-long career one chooses D．a strong desire or sense of duty to do a job 61．Which of the following belongs to the author’s previous drivers for finding fulfillment? A．Financial gain and external recognition. B．Pursuing passions relentlessly. C．Discovering new passions. D．Finding purpose in life. 62．What is the real purpose in life according to the author? A．Trying to do everything that you can. B．Trying to achieve your ambitious goals. C．Doing meaningful things with your passion. D．Doing something that can be successful easily. 63．According to the 5th paragraph, we know that________. A．the author spent some years making changes B．the author used to think he had no passion at all C．the author didn’t know how to search for the life purpose D．the author has known his passions since he started to work 64．What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A．It’s wise to give up discovering our one true passion. B．It’s useless to pursue financial gain and external recognition. C．It’s necessary to find our own calling and pursue it with vigor. D．It’s important to share our passion with the world without stopping. Passage 14 （2023·天津南开·二模）Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent (连贯的) picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap (重叠部分) between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋). There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers say that about 25% of young people show symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, and out-of-control consumerism. We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think this approach to be the cause of narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows his strengths will automatically view himself as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive (过分的) self-admiration. Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. A famous magazine noted that narcissism is a favored topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it. The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because of our binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achieved so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities. When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to make the idea clear that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and ready to help others. It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with, who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths. 65．Which of the following opinions may the writer agree with? A．Strength-based parenting leads to narcissism. B．It’s unhelpful for us to make our children feel good about themselves. C．To say all kids are potential narcissists is overstating the case. D．Children who know their strengths tend to be more selfish and uncaring. 66．Why are teenagers’ strengths often considered as narcissism according to Paragraph 5? A．Academic journals report more on narcissism. B．There is a lack of narcissism in our common sense. C．Many people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors. D．The general public has less access to strengths psychology. 67．Why does the author mention Gandi and Mother Teresa? A．Because they are as famous as Donald Trump. B．Because they are both confident and modest. C．Because confidence is quite important for celebrities. D．Because a strength-based approach will cause narcissism. 68．What’s the author’s attitude towards young kids’ strength-based approaches? A．Favorable. B．Neutral. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful. 69．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Teens’ Psychology Research B．Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis C．Teens’ Strength-based Approach D．Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood Passage 15 （2023·天津南开·二模）We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we become accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive. Writing in these pages several years ago, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses (忏悔) things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships? Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better — but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to considerably reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline. Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is unavoidable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with (按照) traffic laws actually improves human performance. Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such unexpected social effects into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you. 70．What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph? A．AI will lead to distant inter-personal relationships. B．We will feel comfortable speaking to others online. C．AI will enable people to communicate more with others. D．We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI. 71．In Paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in ________. A．drivers’ interaction with the cars B．drivers’ exhaustion and distraction C．our ability to cooperate with others while driving D．our ability to deal with emergencies while driving 72．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars? A．They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers. B．They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers. C．They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely. D．They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car. 73．Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with? A．Brake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger. B．We should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it. C．We can launch new forms of AI without thinking of unexpected social effects. D．More efforts should be made to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars. 74．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To present the challenges brought by AI. B．To explain the reason why AI may harm human relations. C．To put forward how to solve the unexpected effect of AI. D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of driverless cars. Passage 16 （2023·天津河北·一模）If I could give today’s young people three wishes, they would be: more hugs, more time outside in nature, more belief in their own power to change the world. The third one leaves some people wondering why young people’s belief in their own power is so essential. Let’s start with the idea that all of us – especially young people – need heroes. Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity and a hero. A celebrity is all about fame – temporary, superficial fame, usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move, etc. A hero, by contrast, is about character- qualities under the surface that aren’t seen until they take action. Heroes are all around us. They truly hold our world together, through their unselfish devotion to helping others, teaching children, and protecting the environment. They don’t want fame, or glory; they just want to help. In so many ways, these unsung heroes pilot the boat in which all of us sail. Yet, young people hear a lot more about celebrities than about heroes in the media. The hidden message they get from all this is that their self-worth comes from what they buy – which shoes, which cell phone – not who they are down inside. What gets lost in this? Young people’s sense of their own potential for heroic qualities – their own power to – make a positive difference in the world. Truth is, there is a potential hero, a future difference maker, in every young person. How do we help young people believe in their own power? The best way is simply to share examples of other young people who have made a difference. Barbara grew up on a farm in Texas. When she realized that local farmers were pouring their used motor oil into rivers, causing pollution, she organised the creation of a recycling centre for crude oil (原油). Her project has grown to include 18 recycling centres in Texas. The list could continue. These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great. 75．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 2? A．To give examples of celebrities and heroes around us. B．To discuss the distinctions between celebrities and heroes. C．To illustrate the details about being celebrities and heroes. D．To explain the meanings of the words “celebrity” and “hero”. 76．What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 3? A．Heroes only help specific groups of people. B．Heroes want to be recognised for their work. C．Heroes play a vital role in keeping the world running. D．Heroes enjoy piloting boats to reach their destination. 77．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Heroes and celebrities are both valued today. B．Society doesn’t support the development of heroes. C．The media turns ordinary celebrities into real heroes. D．Young people don’t have the belief in their own strength. 78．How does the author advance his view that young people believe in their own power? A．By explaining the qualities that make a young person a hero. B．By comparing the achievements made by different young people. C．By giving examples of young people who show the qualities of a hero. D．By providing examples of qualities that have made young people famous. 79．What does the passage focus on? A．More heroes are needed in the world. B．Celebrities are reported too much in the media. C．Adults should become role models for young people. D．Young people should believe in their ability to make a difference. Passage 17 （2023·天津红桥·一模）Trust as explained in Wikepedia (维基百科) is the feeling of being sure someone or something can be relied upon. Trust is a big topic in many people’s lives. It produces an emotional feeling that is tied to the core of a person’s very existence. Why do we want to break anyone’s trust? Why does this happen over and over again? It may arise from pride, control, dislikes, a difference of opinion and misunderstandings. Perhaps when you are living your life without self-worth and self-love then you are living your life in a continual state of negative thoughts and feelings. What you feel inside is evident by what you do and what you say. When you shift your energy within yourself and find your place of love and worth then your view of this world will change for the better. This energy shift towards the positive will shift everything that you think, say and do. Being kind to yourself projects outward to the world by being kind and good to others. This projection is the outcome of this positive energy shift. Our true self is one of love and feeling worthy of all of the goodness and happiness. We have a tendency to look outside of ourselves for content when this feeling of content can be found within ourselves. The answers to our questions about life and love are within us. Sometimes we need to give ourselves a break and to be most loving, most kind and most patient with us. Care for and love yourself to find the joy within. The love and peace of this world is in each and every one of us. Meditation (沉思) can bridge that trust that we can have in ourselves. Then we can have more trust in the world and in others. When everything around us is breaking up meditation can help to keep us centered so we can find that deep connection of love and worthiness. That is your true self wanting to shine through. We can’t control anything else but we can control what we do. When you choose to help yourself then you choose to trust yourself. Trust can lead us to a life of peace and love and fulfillment. The world has its own programs. Trust in love and peace and live your life like you mean it! 80．The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________. A．background B．comparison C．explanation D．comment 81．If you want to have a positive life attitude, you should ________. A．save your inside energy to create positive things B．find a place where you’ll be respected C．make sure what you truly want to do and say D．try to show your true self naturally and continuously 82．When you fail or feel disappointed you should ________. A．stop and adjust yourself B．continue to work even harder C．reduce the degree of your feeling of content D．try to fully recognize your own fault 83．Based on this text meditation might make us ________. A．modest when we achieve something B．move from mistrust to trust C．live a meaningful and unchangeable life D．control ourselves successfully as well as the outside world 84．By writing this text the author wants to________. A．encourage us to trust ourselves B．teach us how to deal with negative energy C．explain what love and worth are D．show the importance of meditation Passage 18 （2023·天津南开·一模）Even though people have been paralyzed (瘫痪的) playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zone, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip up could be your downfall. Nobody who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine, which does not wipe out the danger, but greatly reduces it. Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athlete’s way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8,000 meters or in a wood, going downhill. In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get. Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete. To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices. 85．Why is downhill cycling mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To call for attention to extreme sports. B．To introduce the origin of extreme sports. C．To illustrate the danger of extreme sports. D．To show the complexity of the extreme sports. 86．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports? A．Extreme sports differ from one another. B．Skill matters a lot in maintaining safety. C．Athlete’s luck is a key factor that influences safety. D．Extreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports. 87．In Paragraph 4, several extreme sports are listed to ________. A．explain danger depends on the athlete B．show free soloing is the most dangerous C．compare which one involves the most skill D．demonstrate how to choose an extreme sport 88．Which would best describe the author’s attitude towards the danger of extreme sports? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Intolerant. D．Uninterested. 89．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Do Extreme Sports Test Your Courage? B．Why Should Extreme Sports Be Banned? C．Why Do We Love Extreme Sports So Much? D．Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous? Passage 19 （2022·天津南开·一模）People have speculated (思索) for centuries about a future without work. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a wasteland. A different prediction holds that without jobs to give their lives meaning future people will simply become lazy and depressed. But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with dissatisfaction. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could provide strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. These days, spare time is relatively rare for most workers. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired.” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work. I might feel rather different — perhaps different enough to throw myself into a hobby with the enthusiasm usually reserved for professional matters.” Daniel Everett, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Bentley University studied a group of hunter-gathers in the Amazon called the Piranha for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering as work, hunter-gatherers don’t. “They think of it as fun.” he says. “They don’t have a concept of work the way we do.” Everett described a typical day for the Piraha: A man might get up, spend a few hours fishing, have a barbecue, and play until the evening. Does this relaxing life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today’s unemployed? “I’ve never seen anything like depression there, except people who are physically ill.” Everett says. While many may consider work necessary for human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of human culture. “We think it’s bad to just sit around with nothing to do,” says Everett. “For the Piraha, it’s quite a desirable state.” 90．How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By comparing wealthy people with the majority. B．By giving a definition to inequality in society. C．By listing different predictions of a work-free world D．By picturing a lazy and depressed atmosphere. 91．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Challenges. B．Losses. C．Disadvantages. D．Risks. 92．John Danaher might agree that__________. A．work plays an important role in our future life B．people’s work-free future life will be full of charm C．people don’t know how to balance work and life D．higher unemployment makes life tougher for workers 93．Why is Daniel Everett’s study mentioned? A．To justify John Danaher’s opinion. B．To show a future life without work. C．To compare different views on work. D．To introduce the Piraha in the Amazon. 94．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A．Some people dislike a work-free world. B．The Piraha don’t think they are working at all. C．Future people might become lazy and depressed. D．Daniel Everett prefer to sit around doing nothing Passage 20 （2022·天津河西·三模）When I was young, a friend and I came up with a “big” plan to make reading easy. The idea was to boil down great books to a sentence each. “Moby-Dick” by American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to: “A whale of a tale about the one that got away.” As it turned out, the joke was on us. How could a single sentence convey the essence (精髓) of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages? Blinkist, a website and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled “blinks.” The end result is more than one sentence, but not by much. Sarah Bakewell’s “At the Existentialist Café” is broken into 11 screens of information; Michelle Obama’s “Becoming” fills 13. Blinkist has been around since 2012. It calls its summaries “15-minute discoveries” to indicate how long it takes to read a Blinkist summary. “Almost none of us,” the editors assure us, “have the time to read everything we’d like to read.” Well, yes, of course, “So many books, so little time,” declares a poster I once bought at a book market. But I judge the quality of someone’s library by the books he or she has yet to read. That’s because a book is something we ought to live with, rather than speed through and categorize. It offers an experience as real as any other. The point of reading a book is not accumulating information, or at least not that alone. The most essential aspect is the communication between writer and reader. The idea behind Blinkist, however, is the opposite: Reading can be, should be, measured by the efficient uptake (吸收) of key ideas. No, no, no. What’s best about reading books is its inefficiency. When reading a book, we need to dive in, let it take over us, demand something of us, teach us what it can. Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people who don’t, in fact, want to read. A 15-minute summary misses the point of reading; speed-reading with the app isn’t reading at all. 95．What does the underlined part “the joke was on us” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．We were actually joking. B．We were laughed at by others. C．We were underestimating ourselves. D．We were just embarrassing ourselves. 96．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What Blinkist is. B．Why Blinkist is popular. C．How to use Blinkist. D．Where you can use Blinkist. 97．What is mentioned as a problem about reading in paragraph 3? A．There are few new books of quality. B．Many books are hard to understand. C．People do not have enough time to read. D．People do not like reading as much as before. 98．What is an ideal pattern of reading according to the author? A．Obtaining key ideas efficiently. B．Further confirming our beliefs. C．Accumulating in formation quickly. D．Deeply involving ourselves in books. 99．What is the author’s attitude to Blinkist? A．Positive. B．Negative C．Uncaring. D．Tolerant. Passage 1 （2022·天津·高考真题）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain because we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge Passage 2 （2021·天津·高考真题）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 6．To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life 7．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people 8．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 9．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 10．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist Passage 3 （2020·天津·高考真题）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts ofUncle Tom’s Cabinwhile cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 11．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 12．What does the example of Galileo tell us? A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C．Creativity results from challenging authority. D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 13．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A．Observe the unknown around you. B．Develop a questioning mind. C．Lead a life of adventure. D．Follow the fashion. 14．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Gaining success helps you become an expert. B．The genius tends to get things done creatively. C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection. 15．What could be the best title or the passage? A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B．Reflections on Human Nature C．The Keys to Achievement D．Never Too Late to Learn Passage 4 （2020·天津·高考真题）Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us. History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody. The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives. 16．The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________. A．the turning point in our history B．the present state of our nation C．the location of our homeland D．the total area of our country 17．According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life? A．The problems at present are similar to those in the past. B．Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today. C．The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors. D．People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems. 18．What can be concluded from Para.4? A．It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers. B．People are willing to accept foreign cultures. C．Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore. D．History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness. 19．With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that______________. A．Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature. B．Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets. C．reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period. D．studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields. 20．What could be the best title for the passage? A．How to Build Cultural Identity B．Why Studying History Matters C．Know the Past, Know the Present D．History: a Way to Broaden Horizons Passage 5 （2019·天津·高考真题）Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before? We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson. 21．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________. A．loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity B．age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D．disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success 22．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．End one’s struggle for liberty. B．Waste one’s energy taking risks. C．Miss the opportunity to succeed. D．Lose the interest to continue learning. 23．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ A．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 24．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？ A．A tough man can tolerate suffering. B．A wise man can live without self-pity. C．A man should try to satisfy people around him. D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. 25．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage？ A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. Passage 6 （2019·天津·高考真题）When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. But, once I found out my friends were going into “real” majors, like marketing, nursing, and engineering, I figured I needed to do the same to ensure a good career. So I changed my mind and chose Business Management as my major. I forced myself to believe that I would enjoy it and succeed in the future, but eventually I exhausted myself understanding the economy and trying new marketing techniques. Coming out of this experience, I realize it is ok to be different from others and to study things like classcs, art history and other majors offered in the College of Humanities（人文学科）! The  worries  most  people  have  about  a  Humanitie degree  and  finding  a  career afterwards are that the majors are too abstract, and one will not obtain any applicable skills. Actually ideas discussed in Humanities classes, which are occasionally different from what people commonly believe, offer a broad perspective（视角）. How could one effectively be an unbiased（无偏见的）writer with only a knowledge of the popular opinion of society? How could one speak persuasively ith closed minds? Only seeing the world through a single perspective leads to missed learning, missed friendships, and missed growth! With a broader perspective, we wl be more free, more open-minded, and less limited in what we can become! STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) graduates learn actual skills in their studie, while humanities majors learn “soft skills” like communicating effectively through writing critically and speaking persuasively, synthesizing（综合）ideas through gathering and interpreting information, and developing cultural awareness. Do those soft skills sound useless and inapplicable to you? Think of it. How often do you communicate with others? Produce ideas? Encounter people from other cultures? Every day. Every SECOND of every day. So why not master these skills? If you choose a major in the College of Humanities, you will be needed. The job market is quietly creating thousands of openings a week for people who can bring a humanist’s grace to our rapidly evolving high-tech future. Your skills will be valuable to any workplace you hope to be in. Chase after your dream major with all your energy, no matter what other people think. 26．Why did the author choose Business Management as his major at first? A．He was tired of learning comparative literature. B．He came to enjoy learning marketing techniques. C．He wanted to go to the same university as his friends. D．He believed Business Management was more practical. 27．According to the author, what is a possible way to gain a broad perspective? A．Making more friends and learning from them. B．Exchanging ideas in a philosophy seminar. C．Opening your mind to future possibilities. D．Getting to know the popular opinion of society. 28．In which of the following situations do soft skills play the most important role? A．Writing a software program. B．Performing a heart operation. C．Playing a musical instrument. D．Negotiating with a business partner. 29．The author believes the job market for Humanities graduates is . A．recovering B．depressing C．promising D．challenging 30．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Stick to Your Desired major B．Broaden Your Perspective C．How to Acquire Soft Skills D．Humanities vs. STEM Passage 7 （2018·天津·高考真题）Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first. Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you wi$$