课时作业20 Conflict and Compromise-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

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#4 课时作业 20　 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2024·湖南长沙雅礼中学高三期末) When you set a foot outside of your door to drop trash, go to a social event or go for a walk, thoughts like “ I hope I don􀆳t see anyone I know” or “please don􀆳t talk to me” may run through your mind. I􀆳ve also said such things to myself. Sometimes the last thing you want to do is to talk with someone, especially someone new. Why do we go out of our ways to avoid people? Do we think meeting new people is a waste of time? Or are we just lazy, thinking that meeting someone new really is a trouble? Communication is the key to life. We have been told that many times. Take the past generations, like our parents, for example. They seem to take full advantage of that whole “ communication ” idea because they grew up talking face to face while Generation-Y grew up staring at screens. We spend hours of our days sitting on Facebook. We send messages to our friends and think about all of the things we want to say to certain people that we don􀆳t have the courage to do in reality. Nowadays, we are so caught up in our little circle of friends—our comfort zone. We love it that they laugh at our jokes, understand our feelings and can read our minds. Most importantly, they know when we want to be alone. They just get us. Holding a conversation with someone new means agreeing with things that you don􀆳t really believe and being someone you think they want you to be—it is, as I said before, a trouble. It takes up so much energy, and at some point or another, it is too tiring. But meeting new people is important. Life is too short, so meet all the people you can meet, make the effort to go out and laugh. Remember, every “ hello” leads to a smile—and a smile is worth a lot. 1. What do we learn about the author? A. He likes to meet someone new. B. He feels stressed out lately. C. He􀆳s active in attending social events. D. He used to be afraid of talking to others. 2. What􀆳s the problem of Generation-Y in the author􀆳s eyes? A. They rely on the Internet to socialize. B. They are less confident in themselves. C. They have difficulty in communicating. D. They are unwilling to make new friends. 3. Why do many young people avoid meeting new people? A. They think it troublesome. B. They are busy with their study. C. They fear to disappoint their friends. D. They want to do meaningful work. 4. Why does the author write the text? A. To stress the importance of friends. B. To give tips on how to meet new people. C. To encourage people to meet new people. D. To display the disadvantages of Generation-Y. # (2023·湖北荆门模拟) The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -506- 选择性必修第四册　 3 changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science. Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life. The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science ― a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science ― a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment. Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals. William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn ( 纱线), good and ill together. ” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities— science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? ( ① = paragraph 1, ② = paragraph 2, ③ = paragraph 3,④ =paragraph 4,⑤ =paragraph 5) A 　 B 　 C 　 D 6. From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that 　 　 　 　 . A. a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war B. a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war C. the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons D. the author is anxious about the huge number of unclear weapons on the earth 7. The underlined word “ mingled ” in the last paragraph most probably means 　 　 　 　 . A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy 8. What you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? A. Further application of science to war. B. More reading of William Shakespeare. C. Proper use of science in the new century. D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -507- hh
#4 Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·福建福州三中模拟) We live in a small town of Toronto. Our 　 1　 has a way of assisting those who have financial 　 2　 without making the receiver feel embarrassed. Money is 　 3　 into an offering box with only the name of the receiver on the envelope. The receivers are then given the envelope without knowing the name of the 　 4　 . There came a time when my husband and I were 　 5　 those in need. We did not talk about our financial difficulty with anyone. The only reason our children knew was that we had to 　 6　 many things. Still, we hoped they were not aware of how much we 　 7　 because of it, nor burdened them with a problem they could do nothing to solve. Our situation didn􀆳t 　 8　 , and we knew that we had to look for 　 9　 help. Just as we reached the point of 　 10　 , our community gave us a gift envelope. We were overjoyed to receive the money, enough to bring us through that desperate time. We couldn􀆳t help but wonder who had given the gift. We were enormously relieved and 　 11　 . A year later, our seventeen-year-old son 　 12　 a student loan so he could attend university. It was then that we discovered that his savings account was almost 　 13　 . At first he wouldn􀆳t tell me, which made me even angrier. I asked him repeatedly to tell me where the money had gone. Finally, my son 　 14　 that he had dropped his savings into the box. I stood there speechless, tears filling my eyes. He had given it to us 　 15　 without telling us what he had done. 1. A. family B. community C. committee D. school 2. A. support B. service C. difficulty D. policy 3. A. removed B. delivered C. packed D. dropped 4. A. applicant B. partner C. giver D. designer 5. A. among B. for C. with D. beyond 6. A. cut down B. check out C. try out D. focus on 7. A. experienced B. suffered C. demanded D. explored 8. A. improve B. disappear C. revive D. erupt 9. A. outside B. illegal C. specific D. advanced 10. A. confusion B. failure C. danger D. despair 11. A. grateful B. confident C. powerful D. positive 12. A. searched for B. commented on C. applied for D. watched over 13. A. empty B. full C. unique D. complete 14. A. recommended B. protested C. admitted D. approved 15. A. curiously B. willingly C. professionally D. traditionally Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟) Take a battlefield tour of World War Ⅰ in 1917 On Labor Day, I watched a British movie named 1917. As indicated by the title, 1917 is set in the disorder and confusion of World War Ⅰ. 　 1　 , separating British and German troops. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -508- 选择性必修第四册　 3 Two British young soldiers, Blake and Schofield, are awakened from what could have only been a few minutes of sleep. 　 2　 . A few miles away, another company ( 连队) including Blake􀆳s brother, has planned an attack in a few hours, designed to push the Germans back even farther following a recent retreat ( 撤 退 ) . However, recent intelligence suggests that the retreat is a trick that will land them in an ambush (埋伏) that will cost thousands of British lives. 　 3　 , so Blake and Schofield are ordered to head on foot to that company in order to call off the attack before it can start, a journey that will force them to travel through the enemy territory. They witness carnage ( 大 屠 杀 ), and one of them happens to stick his hand into the open wound of a dead body. The movie is not only known for its unbroken shot (连续镜头) but also for its adaptation of a true story from its director Sam Mendes􀆳 grandfather. Through the eyes of Blake and Schofield, the movie shows the horror of a war that cost the lives of countless innocent people. As US scientist Benjamin once said, “　 4　 . ” Through this classic and moving movie, we can learn the preciousness of peace and the evil of war. 　 5　 . We ought to always think about how we can prevent war and how we can achieve peace. A. It can lead to disorder B. The radio line was down C. They join the army during World War Ⅰ D. There never was a good war, or a bad peace E. They are ordered to report for a new assignment F. We also know that we should always try our best to defend the former G. It takes place in and around the so-called “ no man􀆳s land” in northern France 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·安徽安庆二中模拟) From the first day I arrived in Kunming, I had my understanding of China 　 1　 ( change) . Far from being narrow-minded and hostile to 　 2　 ( foreign), people came up to talk to me the first time I went out on the street. It happened to be all in Chinese, so I didn􀆳t understand much, 　 3　 it did cause me to rethink my assumptions. As my Chinese improved, this continued throughout my stay, from my landlord introducing me to people who could help me learn Chinese to 　 4　 (get) to know the couple who ran a noodle restaurant nearby. If you􀆳re interested in other people, their culture, and their language, they􀆳ll be friendly to you. China isn􀆳t 　 5　 exception. Don􀆳t judge a country by its media coverage, 　 6　 ( especial ) some Western media, which have much prejudice. I saw a very different kind of China 　 7　 my own eyes. Kunming, 　 8　 I lived for most of my stay, wasn􀆳t much polluted. I had frank conversations with Chinese people about almost everything. Still China 　 9　 ( develop ), but the economic growth means that most people 　 10　 (see) their living standards improve rapidly in the last 20 years. People I spoke with were generally optimistic about the future. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -509- 参 考 答 案　 课时作业 20　 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。 文章分 析了为什么年轻人不喜欢结交新朋友, 并鼓励人们认识新朋友。 1. D　 细节理解题。 根据第一段的内容 可知,作者过去害怕和别人说话。 故 选 D 项。 2. A 　 推理判断题。 根据第三段 “We spend hours of our days sitting on Face- book. We send messages to our friends and think about all of the things we want to say to certain people that we don􀆳t have the courage to do in reality. ”可知, 作者认为,Y 一代依靠互联网进行社 交。 故选 A 项。 3. A 　 细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段 “Holding a conversation with someone new means agreeing with things that you don􀆳t really believe and being someone you think they want you to be—it is, as I said before, a trouble. ”可知,许多年 轻人不愿结识新朋友的原因是他们认 为这很麻烦。 故选 A 项。 4. C　 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“But meeting new people is important. Life is too short, so meet all the people you can meet, make the effort to go out and laugh. ”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的 是鼓励人们认识新朋友。 故选 C 项。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。 文章从 正反两方面论述了科技进步的影响。 5. A　 推理判断题。 在文章首段的最后 一句话,通过 but 找到主题句 “Many things caused the changes... the progress in science. ”,第二、三段的主题句都出 现在段尾,都讲了科技带来的好处,从 正面 印 证 了 主 题。 而 第 四 段 首 句 的 Sadly 和 however 表明文章转入另外 一个方面的论证,而且是反面的论证。 文章尾段用 Shakespeare 的话再次总结 主题。 由此可以看出本文的整体结构 是“总—分—总”式,在“分”的部分又 分为正、反两方面,与 A 项意思一致, 故选 A。 6. D　 推理判断题。 根据第四段内容,特 别是“Although their actual use... many kinds of animals. ”可以看出作者对核 武器的担忧,故选 D。 7. B 　 词义猜测题。 根据画线词后的 “good and ill together” 可 以 猜 测 出 mingled 的意思为“混杂的”,与 mixed 同义,所以选 B。 A. simple 简单的; C. sad 悲伤的;D. happy 快乐的。 8. D　 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“But does it have to be so?...programmed for war?”可以推理出作者会继续写如何 有效地将利弊分开,故选 D。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲 述了作者一家曾经在遭遇经济困难的时 候接受了社区的帮助,后来发现是儿子 通过募款箱把自己的储蓄给了父母。 1. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. family 家 庭;B. community 社区;C. committee 委 员会;D. school 学校。 句意:我们的社 区有一种方法可以帮助那些有经济困 难的人,而不会让受助者感到尴尬。 根据后文“our community gave us a gift envelope”可知是社区的行为。 2. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. support 支 持; B. service 服务;C. difficulty 困难; D. policy 政策。 句意同上。 根据后文 “We did not talk about our financial dif- ficulty with anyone. ”可知是帮助有经 济困难的人。 3. D 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. removed 去除;B. delivered 递送;C. packed 打 包;D. dropped 落下。 句意:钱被扔进 一个信封上只写着收款人名字的募款 箱。 根据后文“ into an offering box”及 “ that he had dropped his savings into the box”可知,钱被扔进募款箱里。 4. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. applicant 申请人;B. partner 伙伴;C. giver 给予 者;D. designer 设计者。 句意:然后,收 款人在不知道给予者姓名的情况下收 到信封。 根据上文 “The receivers are then given the envelope without knowing the name of the”可知,收到钱的人不知 道送钱人,即给予者的名字。 5. A 　 考查介词词义辨析。 A. among 在…… 中; B. for 为 了; C. with 和; D. beyond 超越。 句意:有一段时间,我 和我丈夫也在那些需要帮助的人之 中。 根据后文 “We did not talk about our financial difficulty with anyone. ”及 “We were overjoyed to receive the money, enough to bring us through that desperate time. ”可知作者和丈夫也在 需要帮助的人之中。 6. A　 考查动词短语辨析。 A. cut down 削减;B. check out 结账;C. try out 尝 试;D. focus on 集中。 句意:我们的孩 子知道的唯一原因是我们必须减少许 多东西。 上文提到他们有经济困难, 所以是减少东西来省钱。 7. B 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. experi- enced 经历;B. suffered 遭受;C. deman- ded 要求;D. explored 探索。 句意:尽 管如此,我们希望他们不知道我们因 此遭受了多少痛苦,也不知道他们背 负了一个他们无能为力的问题。 上文 提到作者和丈夫有经济困难,不得不 减少很多东西,所以这里指受苦。 8. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. improve 改 善;B. disappear 消失;C. revive 复原; D. erupt 喷发。 句意:我们的情况没有 改善,我们知道我们必须寻求外界的 帮助。 结合后文提到“ our community gave us a gift envelope”可知情况没有 得到改善。 9. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. outside 外面的;B. illegal 非法的;C. specific 特 定的;D. advanced 高级的。 句意同上。 根据后文“our community gave us a gift envelope”可知是寻求外界帮助。 10. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. confusion 困惑;B. failure 失败;C. danger 危险; D. despair 绝望。 句意:就在我们绝望 的时候,我们的社区给了我们一个礼 物信封。 结合上文可知他们有经济困 难,且没有得到改善,所以是在绝望的 时候。 11. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. grateful 感 激 的; B. confident 自 信 的; C. powerful 强大的;D. positive 积极 的。 句意:我们感到极大的宽慰和感 激。 根据上文 “We were enormously relieved”可知,得到了帮助,作者一家 感到宽慰和感激。 12. C　 考查动词短语辨析。 A. searched for 寻 找; B. commented on 评 论; C. applied for 申请;D. watched over 注 意。 句意:一年后,我们 17 岁的儿子 申请了学生贷款,以便他能上大学。 根据后文“ a student loan so he could attend university”及常识可知,此处指 申请学生贷款。 13. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. empty 空的;B. full 满的;C. unique 独特的; D. complete 完全的。 句意: 就在那 时,我们发现他的储蓄账户几乎空了。 根据后文“At first he wouldn􀆳t tell me, which made me even angrier. I asked him repeatedly to tell me where the money had gone. ”可知,儿子的账户 空了,没钱了。 14. C 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. recom- mended 推荐;B. protested 抗议;C. ad- mitted 承认;D. approved 赞成。 句意: 最后,我儿子承认他把积蓄投进了箱 子。 根据后文“ that he had dropped his savings into the box”和语境可知,儿 子承认他把积蓄投进了箱子。 15. B　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. curiously 好奇地;B. willingly 愿意地;C. profes- sionally 专业地;D. traditionally 传统 地。 句意:他很乐意地把它给了我们, 却没有告诉我们他做了什么。 根据后 文 “ without telling us what he had done”及语境可知,儿子乐意把储蓄给 父母,只是没有说他做了什么。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -593- hh
#4 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 作者通 过对一部反映了第一次世界大战的英国 电影《1917》的详细介绍,表达了人们应 该阻止战争、珍惜和平的愿望。 1. G　 上文“1917 is set in the disorder and confusion of World War Ⅰ”提到了第 一次世界大战,选项 G 中的“ It takes place”继续说明了一战发生的地点,衔 接合理;下文中的 “ separating British and German troops”表明了空处应该提 到了某处地点,而选项 G 中的“ in and around the so-called ‘no man􀆳s land’ in northern France”恰好指出了一战发生 的地点,符合语境。 故选 G。 2. E　 上文“Blake and Schofield...minutes of sleep”提到 Blake 和 Schofield 被从 睡梦中叫醒了,选项 E“他们被命令去 报告一项新任务”说明了被叫醒的原 因,衔接合理,符合语境。 故选 E。 3. B 　 根据下文“ so Blake and Schofield are ordered... the enemy territory”可知, 空处应该是说明二人奉命步行赶往连 队的原因,选项 B“无线电线路坏了”, 因为无法用电讯设备通知连队取消进 攻,只好派二人步行前往,合情合理, 符合语境。 故选 B。 4. D　 根据上文的“Through the eyes of Blake and Schofield... innocent people. ” 可知,作者认为战争都是残酷的,都是 以牺牲生命为代价的;又根据上文“As US scientist Benjamin once said”,结合 常识和作者的观点,选项 D“从来没有 好的战争,也没有坏的和平”是本杰明 曾说过的话,符合语境。 故选 D。 5. F　 根据上文的“Through this classic... the evil of war. ”和下文的“We ought to...can achieve peace. ”可知,空处应该 是以“we”为主语的句子;选项 F 中的 “also know”与上一句的“ learn”相对 应;“ the former” 指的是上一句中的 “peace”,所以选项 F“我们也知道我们 应该总是尽最大的努力来捍卫和平” 与下文文意相连,符合语境。 故选 F。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲 述了作者来到昆明后真切地认识和感受 到中国的发展并真实了解了中国。 1. changed　 考查过去分词。 句意:从我 来到昆明的第一天起,我对中国的理 解就发生了变化。 分析句子结构可 知, my understanding of China 与 change 在逻辑上是被动关系,用固定 短语 have sth. done 让某事被做。 2. foreigners　 考查名词。 句意:当我第一 次外出走到街上的时候,人们非但没 有狭隘和仇视外国人,反而走过来和 我说话。 分析句子结构可知,介词 to 后接名词且句中无限定词,所以用名 词的复数形式。 3. but　 考查连词。 句意:碰巧说的都是 中文,所以我不太懂,但它确实让我重 新思考我的假设。 前后句之间为转折 关系,故用 but。 4. getting　 考查动名词。 句意:随着我的 中文水平的提高,这种情况一直持续 到我入住期间,从我的房东把我介绍 给可以帮助我学习中文的人,到认识 附近开面馆的那对夫妇。 分析句子结 构可知,固定短语 from... to...从…… 到……, to 是 介 词, 后 面 接 动 名 词 形式。 5. an　 考查冠词。 句意:中国也不例外。 分析句子结构可知,可数名词 excep- tion 是单数形式,表泛指,且发音以元 音音素开头,故填 an。 6. especially　 考查副词。 句意:不要通过 媒体报道来判断一个国家,尤其是一 些西方媒体,他们有很多偏见。 分析 句子结构可知,空处是副词 especially, 意为“尤其;特别”,通常用来对前面所 陈述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。 7. with　 考查介词。 句意:我亲眼看到了 一个截然不同的中国。 分析句子结构 可知,空处表示“用”,后跟名词,所以 用介词 with。 8. where　 考查定语从句。 句意:我大部 分时间都住在昆明,那里的污染并不 严重。 分析句子结构可知,先行词为 Kunming,地点名词,在定语从句中作 状语,所以用 where 引导。 9. is developing　 考查动词时态和主谓一 致。 句意:中国仍在发展中,但是其经 济增长意味着大多数人能看到他们的 生活水平在过去 20 年里迅速提高。 分 析句子结构可知,描述现在正在发生 的事情,用现在进行时,主语为专有名 词,故 be 动词用 is。 10. have seen 　 考查动词时态。 句意同 上。 根据句中的时间状语 in the last 20 years 可知,这里的动词应用现在 完成时,故填 have seen。 课时作业 21　 INNOVATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍了太空饮食中食物种类、食物包装等 的相关内容。 1. B 　 推理判断题。 根据第一段中的 “The same holds true for us here on the space station. ”和最后一段中的“Next time I will write about how to cook in space. ”可推知,本文以第一人称来陈 述太空饮食方面的内容,因此选 B。 2. C 　 词义猜测题。 根据第二段第一句 “The food that we have here on ISS has to meet many different requirements. What about variety?”以及后文中“ the people that you come across, especially when they are from different cultures”可 推知,在太空中可能会遇见文化习俗 不一样的宇航员,因此可以得知, pe- culiarities 的意思应是 “不寻常的习 惯”。 故选 C。 3. A 　 推理判断题。 第三段第二、三句 “To compensate the crews, we are al- lowed to pick one ‘preference’ contain- er which consists of our pick of anything on the US menu list. This allows us some variety in our menu, with the choices up to us. ”可推知,美国宇航员 在太空中更喜欢吃墨西哥薄饼,因此 作者提到 tortillas 的用意是举例解释宇 航员们的“preference container(偏好食 盒)”。 故选 A。 4. C 　 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的 “Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. ”可推 知食物在太空站乱飞的问题无法避 免。 故选 C。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍的是采摘草莓的机器人以及它的 前景。 5. A 　 推理判断题。 根据第二段的“A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves;machine vision soft- ware scans the sensor data in search of ripe berries. ”可知,机器人通过对传感 器数据的分析检测成熟的草莓。 6. A　 推理判断题。 根据第三段的内容 可知,作者在第三段打算添加一些关 于这种机器人的相关信息。 7. B 　 词义猜测题。 根据倒数第三段的 “of robots increased reliability and po- tential to become more cost-efficient”和 “ wages making up so much of a grower􀆳s expense” 可知,机器人更可 靠,可以节约成本,所以这种吸引力是 难以抗拒的,故画线词 allure 的意思是 “吸引力”,和 appeal 意思相近。 8. C　 主旨大意题。 通读全文,尤其是第 二段的“Each robot, made by a Colo- rado company called Tortuga AgTech, rolls in the field on wheels, then stops in front of a plant. A mechanical arm oper- ates its sensor among the leaves;machine vision software scans the sensor data in search of ripe berries. ”和最后一段的内 容可知,本文主要介绍的是采摘草莓 的机器人以及它的前景,C 选项“Ro- bots are designed to pick strawberries. ” 是文章的主旨。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -594-