课时作业18 Human Biology&写作专练(六)-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

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#4 课时作业 18　 HUMAN BIOLOGY Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·湖南长沙一中模拟) The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sweden-born geneticist Svante Pääbo, recognizing him for discoveries related to the genomes (基因组) of extinct human groups that cast light on the genetic characteristics unique to present-day humans. The committee said Dr Pääbo overcame challenges in recovering and analyzing ancient DNA to sequence ( 测序) the genome of the Neanderthal, an extinct relative of present-day humans. He also discovered a previously unknown human relative, called the Denisova. Before Dr Pääbo􀆳s research, understanding of Neanderthals came from analysis of the features of ancient bone remains and from studies of tools and other archaeological artifacts (史前古器物) . Dr Pääbo􀆳s work made it possible to precisely analyze the genetic characteristics of Neanderthals and helped illustrate how different types of humans mixed on the planet during periods of coexistence. Dr Pääbo􀆳s discoveries have laid the groundwork for research on how ancient gene sequences from extinct relatives influence the function of present- day humans. One example is a gene common among present-day Tibetans that makes those people better adapted to life at high altitudes. It can be traced to the Denisovan genome. Early in his career, Dr Pääbo became focused on using advanced modern genetic techniques to study the DNA of Neanderthals. But DNA degrades over time meaning that, for ancient specimens (样本), only small amounts are left. When he worked in the University of Munich, he successfully sequenced DNA from a 40,000-year- old piece of bone. The DNA in question was so- called mitochondrial (线粒体的) DNA, a form of genetic material that is shorter, but more plentiful, than the extensive DNA found in the center of a cell. He went on to help establish the Max Planck Institute in Germany, where his research group continued to improve those methods with the aim of sequencing ever larger parts of an ancient genome. Those efforts ended in 2010. Around the same time, the Max Planck group discovered that a 40,000-year-old finger bone found in the Denisova cave in the southern part of Siberia was unique when compared with all known sequences from Neanderthals and present- day humans. It marked the first time that a new type of human had been identified using only ancient DNA. 1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. How Dr Pääbo conducted the research. B. What breakthroughs Dr Pääbo has made. C. How the committee contacted Dr Pääbo. D. Why Dr Pääbo researched ancient genomes. 2. How is Dr Pääbo􀆳s research different from the previous? A. By comparing features of genes accurately. B. By illustrating different mixtures of bones. C. By collecting many ancient bone remains. D. By distinguish all living humans at present. 3. What challenge did Dr Pääbo overcome during the process of research? A. Considerable specimens. B. Poor genetic techniques. C. Different rescarch groups. D. Limited DNA information. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -496- 选择性必修第三册　 3 4. What􀆳s the possible significance of Dr Pääbo􀆳s discovery? A. Analyzing why present-day humans are better adapted to life. B. Identifying a new human kind by using modern DNA specimens. C. Providing the basis for exploring gene sequences unique to humans. D. Innovating the method for discovering more extinct human relatives. # (2023·浙江浙南名校联盟模拟) Birds that dive underwater—such as penguins, gannets and pelicans—may be more likely to go extinct than their nondiving relatives, a new study reported in Proceedings of the Royal Society finds. Many waterbirds have evolved highly specialized bodies and behaviors that facilitate diving. Now, an analysis of the evolutionary history of more than 700 waterbird species shows that once a bird group gains the ability to dive, the change is irreversible, which could help explain why diving birds have a higher extinction rate compared with nondiving birds. “There are considerable morphological (形态学 的) adaptations for diving,”says Catherine Sheard, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Bristol in England. For instance, gannets and some pelicans that dive into the water from the air have twists to the neck muscles and the bones in the chest. It􀆳s possible that some diving birds are evolving under an evolutionary “ ratchet”, where adaptations to use a certain food source or habitat encourage specialized evolution. These birds may become trapped in their ways, increasing their risk of extinction. Evolutionary biologists Josh Tyler and Jane Younger investigated the evolution of diving in a collection of 727 waterbird species across 11 bird groups. They explored the link between diving and the development of new species, or their extinction, in various bird lineages ( 家 族 ) . Among 236 diving bird species,75, or 32 percent, were part of lineages that are experiencing 0. 02 more species extinctions per million years than the generation of new species. Bird lineages that don􀆳t dive, on the other hand, generated 0. 1 more new species per million years than the rate of species dying out. “The more specialized you become, the more reliant you are on a particular diet, foraging ( 觅 食) strategy or environment,” says Tyler. The range of environments available for foraging is much larger for the nondiving birds than for the specialist divers, and this may play into their ability to adapt and thrive. 5. What does the underlined word “ irreversible” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Unexpected. B. Unchangeable. C. Unreal. D. Unwelcome. 6. Why are gannets and pelicans mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To present a fact. B. To illustrate a concept. C. To give a definition. D. To explain a phenomenon. 7. What do we know about Josh Tyler and Jane Younger􀆳s study? A. Biologists got the results by comparison. B. Data were collected by observing waterbirds. C. 32 diving bird species went extinct during the process. D. The aim is to build connection between diving and nondiving birds. 8. Which of the following factors plays a role in nondiving birds􀆳 lower extinction rate? 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -497- hh
#4 A. Wider habitat range. B. Quicker foraging speed. C. More food options. D. Stronger reproduction ability. Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·福建厦门模拟) My 34-year-old son Zack was diagnosed with autism (自闭症) at two. It has been a long road, filled with many 　 1　 . The fact that Zack is nonverbal 　 2　 matters greatly. However, we have always found a way to get our message across. Autism involves continuous obstacles in social 　 3　 . Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自发的) signs of 　 4　 from their child. I was 　 5　 to get one. At snack time, I started to 　 6　 to Zack with a favorite chant that I often use. “Mommy loves you;Mommy loves you, yes, I do, yes, I do. ” In the middle of my song, I 　 7　 that Zack was attentively observing me. 　 8　 , he took a step toward me and held his arms out. Another step 　 9　 and he wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug. A feather could have knocked me over as I realized that, for the very first time, my son was 　 10　 me! For a moment I stood there 　 11　 . This magical hug ended as 　 12　 as it had started, but the 　 13　 it had on me will be permanent. On an ordinary day, the extraordinary 　 14　 . It belongs to me, making me believe miracles exist and 　 15　 me with joy every day. 1. A. priorities B. mysteries C. challenges D. opportunities 2. A. complicates B. settles C. helps D. explains 3. A. support B. responsibility C. communication D. security 4. A. affection B. growth C. success D. recovery 5. A. amused B. blessed C. determined D. honored 6. A. sing B. apologize C. respond D. complain 7. A. agreed B. mentioned C. announced D. noticed 8. A. Eventually B. Suddenly C. Naturally D. Apparently 9. A. formed B. counted C. paused D. followed 10. A. calling B. encouraging C. hugging D. protecting 11. A. in comfort B. in shock C. with confidence D. with awe 12. A. quickly B. early C. perfectly D. differently 13. A. burden B. focus C. hope D. impact 14. A. revived B. worked C. occurred D. varied 15. A. welcoming B. shaping C. filling D. approaching Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·吉林四平实验中学模拟) Modern humans have only existed for a relatively short time, and maybe we􀆳d like to stick around a lot longer. But how can we do that? Figure out climate change. 　 1　 There have been times in the past when it􀆳s been hotter than it is today, and times when it􀆳s been cooler. But there is something different about the past century. As far as we can tell from the record, there has been no time in Earth􀆳s entire history when the climate has warmed so much in such a short amount of time. 　 2　 There are more frequent and more severe extreme weather 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -498- 选择性必修第三册　 3 events like tornadoes and hurricanes; droughts increasing;more changeable weather, with seasons beginning to lack regularity; and sea-level rises. While climate change doesn􀆳t necessarily pose an existential threat to human existence, it surely poses a threat to how we like to live our lives in modern society. Figure out nuclear weapons. A single nuclear weapon doesn􀆳t pose a threat to all of humanity, but the thousands of them in the world right now certainly do. 　 3　 Just consider all the “ near misses” in recent history, where nuclear war was avoided thanks only to the quick thinking of individuals. We can only try our luck for so long. And one accident can lead to larger scale nuclear conflict. 　 4　 Figure out asteroids (小行星) . If you want to know the terrible consequences for ignoring space-borne threats, just ask the dinosaurs how well it worked out for them. Asteroids have the ability to cause massive extinction events, wiping out vast numbers of entire species. 　 5　 For humanity to make it to the long-term, we need to equip ourselves with asteroid detection and reduction strategies. A. The consequences can􀆳t be avoided. B. Countries are joining hands to solve it. C. Now the chances of one nuclear explosion increase. D. The earth􀆳s climate has changed for millions of years. E. While these kinds of events are rare, the risks are severe. F. And we can see the effects of climate change everywhere. G. We need to disarm as much as possible to reduce the risk of disaster. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·湖北七市模拟) You already know the fact that regular exercise is important for controlling weight and 　 1　 (avoid) a variety of health conditions. But it can also improve your academic 　 2　 ( perform ) . And if you􀆳re a distance learning student, you may miss out on some of the opportunities for physical activity afforded to more traditional students who routinely walk around campus. But it􀆳s well worth the effort 　 3　 (put) the schedule exercise into practice. The study, which 　 4　 ( publish) in the Journal of Medicine & Science, describes physical activity as 　 5　 vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing. Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3. 5 times 　 6　 ( likely) to be exercisers. Over a decade ago, McKenzie 　 7　 ( say ) researchers discovered a link 　 8　 exercise and focus in children. More recently, another study by Johnson reveals that even short “microbursts” of physical activity throughout the day can have positive effects. Jennifer tells that sitting for long periods of time, 　 9　 college students tend to do, can have a negative health effect. In addition, the study found that five-minute bouts of walking every hour had a positive impact on mood, tiredness, and hunger at the end of a day. This may be 　 10　 (particular) beneficial to students who also work a full-time job and study in the evening and nighttime hours. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -499- hh
#4 写作专练(六) " Ⅰ. 应用文写作 (2024·广东珠海一中高三期末) 假定你是校学生会负责人李华,来自新西兰 友好学校的师生代表将体验你校下周举办的中 国传统文化周活动。 请你根据提示用英语写一 篇欢迎词。 提示: 1. Chinese painting exhibition; 2. classic recitation; 3. tea art performance; 4. ... 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 　 　 　 　 　 Ⅱ. 读后续写 (2023·河北保定模拟) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头 语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Miss Lee was an English teacher in an international school. She had many years of overseas teaching experience. She had a weekly English music broadcast where she played different English songs. She found it a very good way to benefit her students in English study. What􀆳s more, it did improve the relationship between her and her students. In order to carry it forward, Miss Lee tried to get her students to recommend English songs to her for the broadcast. The students were very enthusiastic about it, and they were actively involved in it. They tried their best to find good English songs for her. The activity was becoming more and more popular among students and teachers. The time for English song recommendation became the moment everyone was looking forward to. When broadcasting, she usually announced who recommended the song and then played it during lunch time. Of course, if a song was chosen to be played, the person who recommended it also felt very proud. Miss Lee tried to give every student a chance to share themselves through their music, including one disagreeable student, Chris. He chose to sit in the back of the classroom alone and constantly couldn􀆳t concentrate on study. Most of the other teachers and students found it difficult to communicate with him. However, Miss Lee knew that he just needed a friend, or at least someone he could connect with. One day, Miss Lee called him into her office and said,“Chris, please think of a song you like that has some beautiful English words, and I􀆳ll play it on the broadcast for you. ” Chris agreed happily because he felt being valued. Chris eventually recommended a song. Miss Lee couldn􀆳t like the song too much. She put it in on the broadcast as scheduled and made sure to announce Chris􀆳s name, so everyone knew that he recommended such a great song. As the song rang, Chris cheered loudly,“ It􀆳s my song!”Then he sang along with it, and he sang amazingly well. From then on, Miss Lee would ask Chris to lead the other classmates to sing the English song before class. She exactly felt him warming up to her. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Playing the song Chris recommended completely changed his life. 　 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -500- 选择性必修第三册　 3 Miss Lee even recommended Chris to participate in the annual school song contest. 　 　 　 　 　 # Ⅰ. 应用文写作 (2023·江苏徐州模拟) 假定你是校学生会主席李华,你校下个月将 与新西兰格林中学进行一场在线的国画交流活 动。 现在请你面向全校学生写一则招募启事,内 容包括: 1. 介绍该活动; 2. 招募条件:擅长国画,英语流利等; 3. 报名方式。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 　 　 　 　 　 Ⅱ. 读后续写 (2024·湖北华中师大一附中高三摸底) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头 语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 On a Friday evening in December, two weeks before Christmas, I lost my job. I hadn􀆳t seen it coming. I was excited for the weekend, when my daughter, Kristil, then 14, and I planned to get our Christmas tree. Then I listened to my voicemail: “We􀆳re sorry but your work assignment has ended as of today. ” My heart sank. I wasn􀆳t just a single parent; I was the only parent. My paycheck was survival. The next day as we searched for our tree, I struggled to be cheerful as I eyed each price tag. “ Is everything OK?” Kristil asked. “ You seem worried. ” “ I got some bad news yesterday,” I told her. “ I lost my job. ” “Oh no,” Kristil said. “Well, I have ＄100 from Grandma, and I can give it to you. ” “Absolutely not,” I told her. On Monday morning, I dropped Kristil at school and set off on my moneymaking journey. I headed to the pawnshop (当铺) with a ring that my mother had given me a decade earlier. “Best I can do is ＄70,” the owner said. “The stones are worthless. We􀆳re only interested in the gold. ” Over the next week, I constantly applied for jobs as my bank account grew smaller. I felt as if the world was closing in on me. On a weekend afternoon, I dropped Kristil in a wealthy gated community for a birthday party. I watched as she went in, surrounded by all the nice things we couldn􀆳t afford. I drove home defeated. Back at home, I glanced out the window. It had been snowing on and off all morning. I noticed a small woman with short white hair struggling to open her car door against the wind. As she got out, I realized it was my old professor, Esther Heffernan. I hadn􀆳t seen her since we􀆳d met for lunch three months ago. I􀆳d first met Esther 10 years earlier when I was her student at Edgewood College in Madison. Kristil was three at the time, and I sometimes took her to class. Esther was understanding and would bring coloring books to occupy Kristil. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 I rushed to the front of my building. 　 　 　 　 　 When I opened her card, I gasped (喘息) in shock. 　 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -501- 参 考 答 案　 应使用 which 引 导 定 语 从 句, 故 填 which。 9. brings / has brought 　 考查时态。 句意: 将惠山泥人的展示和体验融入咖啡 馆,使这项非物质文化遗产受到年轻 人的关注。 分析句子结构可知,空白 处在句中作谓语,因句子表达的是一 种客观情况,使用一般现在时;也可理 解为过去的动作对现在造成的影响, 用现在完成时;又因主语 “ Integrating the display and experience of Huishan clay figurines into the coffee shops” 为 单数概念,故填 brings / has brought。 10. its　 考查代词。 句意:只有这样,我们 才能加强对它的保护和传承。 分析 句子结构可知,空白处在句子中作定 语,使用形容词性物主代词,故填 its。 课时作业 18　 HUMAN BIOLOGY Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一则新闻报道。 诺贝 尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典出生的遗传 学家 Svante Pääbo,表彰他与已灭绝人类 群体基因组有关的发现,这些发现揭示 了现代人类特有的遗传特征,为探索人 类特有的基因序列提供了基础。 1. B 　 主旨大意题。 根据第一段的内容 可知,第一段主要讲了 Pääbo 博士取得 了哪些突破。 2. A　 细节理解题。 根据第二段中“Be- fore Dr Pääbo􀆳s research, understanding of Neanderthals came from analysis of the features of ancient bone remains and from studies of tools and other archaeo- logical artifacts ( 史 前 古 器 物 ) . Dr Pääbo􀆳s work made it possible to pre- cisely analyze the genetic characteristics of Neanderthals and helped illustrate how different types of humans mixed on the planet during periods of coexis- tence. ”可知, Pääbo 博士的研究与以 往的不同是他能准确比较基因特征。 3. D　 推理判断题。 根据第三段中“Early in his career, Dr Pääbo became focused on using advanced modern genetic tech- niques to study the DNA of Neander- thals. But DNA degrades over time meaning that, for ancient specimens (样 本), only small amounts are left. ”可推 知, Pääbo 博士在研究过程中克服了有 限的 DNA 信息的困难。 4. C　 推理判断题。 根据第二段中“Dr Pääbo􀆳s discoveries have laid the groundwork for research on how ancient gene sequences from extinct relatives in- fluence the function of present-day hu- mans. ”可推知, Pääbo 博士的发现为 探索人类特有的基因序列提供了基础。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 一项新 研究发现:在水下潜水的鸟类,如企鹅、 鲣鸟和鹈鹕,可能比它们不潜水的亲戚 更容易灭绝。 5. B 　 词义猜测题。 根据第二段第二句 “Now, an analysis of the evolutionary history of more than 700 waterbird spe- cies shows that once a bird group gains the ability to dive, the change is irre- versible, which could help explain why diving birds have a higher extinction rate compared with nondiving birds. ”可知, 画线 的 词 意 为 “不 可 逆 转 的”。 故 选 B。 6. D　 目的意图题。 根据第三段“‘There are considerable morphological(形态学 的) adaptations for diving,’ says Cath- erine Sheard, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Bristol in England. For instance, gannets and some pelicans that dive into the water from the air have twists to the neck muscles and the bones in the chest. ”可知,第三段提到“鲣鸟” 和“鹈鹕”是为了进一步解释生物学家 Catherine Sheard 所说的“潜水有相当 大的形态学适应”。 D. To explain a phenomenon. 为了解释一种现象。 分 析可知, D 项正确。 7. A　 推理判断题。 根据第四段的内容 可知,进化生物学家 Josh Tyler 和 Jane Younger 通过数据进行对比得出他们 的研究结果。 8. C 　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段最后 一句“The range of environments availa- ble for foraging is much larger for the nondiving birds than for the specialist divers, and this may play into their abil- ity to adapt and thrive. ”可知,非潜水鸟 类有更多的食物选择,这对于它们的 灭绝率较低有影响。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 有一天 作者患自闭症的儿子突然拥抱作者,这 让作者相信奇迹的存在,让作者每天都 充满快乐。 1. C 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. priorities 优先处理的事;B. mysteries 神秘的事 物;C. challenges 挑战;D. opportunities 机会。 根据上文 “My 34-year-old son Zack was diagnosed with autism (自闭 症) at two. ”可知,此处表示“这是一 条漫长的道路,充满了许多挑战”。 2. A 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. compli- cates 使复杂化;B. settles 解决;C. helps 帮助; D. explains 解 释。 根 据 上 文 “Zack is nonverbal”及常识可知,Zack 不会 说 话 的 事 实 让 事 情 变 得 更 加 复杂。 3. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. support 支 持;B. responsibility 责任;C. communi- cation 交流;D. security 安全。 根据上 文“Autism involves continuous obstacles in social”和常识可知,自闭症在社交方 面存在持续的障碍。 4. A 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. affection 感情;B. growth 生长;C. success 成功; D. recovery 恢 复。 根 据 上 文 “Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自发的) signs of”和常识可知,许多 和作者一样的父母,渴望孩子自发地 表达喜爱之情。 5. B　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. amused 愉快的;B. blessed 被保佑的(荣幸的); C. determined 下定决心的;D. honored 光荣的。 根据上文“Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自 发 的) signs of 　 4　 from their child. ”和下文 “get one”可知,作者很幸运地得到了 儿子表达的喜爱之情,故空格处用 blessed。 6. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. sing 唱歌; B. apologize 道 歉; C. respond 回 答; D. complain 抱怨。 根据下文 “with a favorite chant”及“ In the middle of my song”可知,作者唱歌。 7. D 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. agreed 同 意;B. mentioned 提到;C. announced 宣 布;D. noticed 注意到。 根据下文“Zack was attentively observing me”可知,作 者注意到 Zack 在聚精会神地观察 作者。 8. B　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. Eventually 最后;B. Suddenly 突然;C. Naturally 自 然地;D. Apparently 显然。 根据下文 “A feather could have knocked me over as I realized that, for the very first time, my son was 　 10　 me!”及语境可知, 突然,他向作者迈了一步,伸出双臂。 9. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. formed 形 成;B. counted 数数;C. paused 暂停; D. followed 跟随。 根据下文 “ and he wrapped his arms around me”可知,他 又走了一步,紧紧地抱住作者。 10. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. calling 打 电话;B. encouraging 鼓励;C. hugging 拥抱;D. protecting 保护。 根据上文 “he wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug”可知,作者儿子在拥抱 作者。 11. B　 考查介词短语辨析。 A. in com- fort 舒 适 地; B. in shock 震 惊 地; C. with confidence 自 信 地; D. with awe 带着敬畏。 根据上文“A feather could have knocked me over as I real- ized that, for the very first time, my son was 　 10　 me!”可知,作者儿子 第一次拥抱作者,作者震惊了。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -589- hh
#4 12. A 　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. quickly 快速地;B. early 早早地;C. perfectly 完美地;D. differently 不同地。 根据 上文“ 　 8　 , he took a step toward me and held his arms out. Another step 　 9　 and he wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug. ”及下文“ as it had started”可知,这个神奇的拥抱开 始得很快,结束得也很快。 13. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. burden 负 担;B. focus 焦点;C. hope 希望;D. im- pact 影响。 根据上文 “ This magical hug ended as 　 12　 as it had started, but...”及下文“ be permanent”可知, 此处表示“这个神奇的拥抱开始得很 快,结束得也很快,但它对我的影响将 是永久的”。 14. C 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. revived (使) 复 苏; B. worked 工 作; C. oc- curred 发生;D. varied 变化。 根据上 文“ for the very first time, my son was 　 10　 me”可知,在一个平凡的日子 里,不平凡的事情发生了。 15. C 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. welco- ming 欢迎;B. shaping 塑造;C. filling 填充;D. approaching 接近。 根据下文 “me with joy”可知,作者每天都充满 快乐, fill sb. with sth. 意为“使某人 充满……”。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 人类要 想在世界上存活更长时间,需要解决三 个问题:气候变暖问题、核武器问题和小 行星问题。 1. D　 根据下文“There have been times in the past when it􀆳s been hotter than it is today, and times when it􀆳s been cooler. But there is something different about the past century. ”可知,上文应该在说, 过去也有气候变化的现象存在, D 选 项“地球的气候已经改变了数百万 年。”符合语境。 2. F　 根据下文“There are more frequent and more severe extreme weather events like tornadoes and hurricanes; droughts increasing; more changeable weather, with seasons beginning to lack regulari- ty;and sea-level rises. ”可知,气候变化 会带来很多影响,F 选项“我们可以在 任何地方看到气候变化的影响。”符合 语境。 3. C　 根据上文“A single nuclear weapon doesn􀆳t pose a threat to all of humanity, but the thousands of them in the world right now certainly do. ” 和下文 “ Just consider all the ‘near misses’ in recent history, where nuclear war was avoided thanks only to the quick thinking of indi- viduals. ”可知,文章的逻辑思路是:一 个核武器不会对全人类造成威胁,但 现在成千上万个核武器一定会造成威 胁。 现在单个核爆炸的可能性在增 加。 看一下近代历史上“差点爆发”的 核战争之所以避免了,仅仅是因为个 人脑 子 反 应 快。 “ A single nuclear weapon”对应的是 C 选项的“ one nu- clear explosion”。 C 选项“现在单个核 爆炸的可能性在增加。”符合语境。 4. G　 根据上文“We can only try our luck for so long. And one accident can lead to larger scale nuclear conflict. ”以及空 前都在讨论核武器问题,作为本段结 尾,G 选项“我们需要尽可能多地解除 武装,以减少灾难的风险。”符合语境。 G 项中的“ disaster”指的就是“ nuclear conflict”。 5. E 　 上文“Asteroids have the ability to cause massive extinction events, wiping out vast numbers of entire species. ”中 的“massive extinction events”正好对应 E 选项中“ these kinds of events”。 E 选 项“虽然这类事件很少发生,但风险很 大。”符合语境。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 经常锻 炼不但有利于身体健康,而且能提高学 生的学习成绩。 1. avoiding　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:你 已经知道这一事实,经常锻炼对控制 体重和避免各种健康状况很重要。 空 处与 controlling weight 并列,应用动名 词形式,作介词 for 的宾语。 故填 avoi- ding。 2. performance　 考查名词。 句意:但它还 可以提高你的学习成绩。 空处用于形 容词 academic 之后,应用名词形式 per- formance,表示“表现”,作动词 improve 的宾语。 故填 performance。 3. to put　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:但将 日常锻炼付诸实践是很值得的。 分析 句子结构可知, it 为形式主语,空处应 用动词不定式形式作真正的主语。 故 填 to put。 4. was published 　 考查时态和语态。 句 意:这项发表在《医学与科学杂志》上 的研究将体育活动描述为一种产生汗 液和沉重呼吸的剧烈运动。 结合语境 可知,“发表”这一动作发生在过去,应 用一般过去时,且分析句子结构可知, which 引导定语从句,指代先行词 the study, publish 与主语 which 之间是被 动关系,且 the study 是单数, be 动词 应用 was。 故填 was published。 5. a　 考查冠词。 句意同上。 结合语意可 知,此处表示“一种剧烈运动”,空处应 用不定冠词表示泛指,vigorous 的发音 是辅音音素开头,前边应用不定冠词 a。 故填 a。 6. more likely　 考查形容词。 句意:Mike McKenzie 发现,每天学习超过三小时 的学生有 3. 5 倍的可能性锻炼身体。 根据空前 3. 5 times 以及语意可知,此 处表示学习超过三小时的学生更有可 能去锻炼身体,空处应用形容词的比 较级形式 more likely,表示“更有可能 的”。 故填 more likely。 7. said 　 考查时态。 句意:十多年前, McKenzie 说,研究人员发现了儿童锻 炼和注意力之间的联系。 根据时间状 语 Over a decade ago 可知,句子使用一 般过去时,动词应用过去式形式 said。 故填 said。 8. between 　 考查介词。 句意同上。 be- tween...and...为固定搭配,表示“在…… 和……之间”,所以空处应用介词 be- tween。 故填 between。 9. which / as 　 考查定语从句。 句意:Jen- nifer 说,大学生倾向于久坐,会对健康 产生负面影响。 分析句子结构可知, 空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先 行词 sitting for long periods of time,先 行词指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,应 用关系代词 which 引导从句,也可以用 关 系 代 词 as 表 示 “ 正 如 ”。 故 填 which / as。 10. particularly　 考查副词。 句意:这可能 对从事全职工作并在晚上和夜间学 习的学生特别有益。 空处修饰形容词 beneficial,应用副词形式 particularly, 表示“尤其,特别”,作状语,符合语 境。 故填 particularly。 写作专练(六) A Ⅰ. 应用文写作 Dear teachers and fellow students, On behalf of the Students􀆳 Union, I􀆳d like to extend warm welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Week to be held in the Arts Center. Aiming to enrich students􀆳 school life and promoting excellent traditional culture, the Week will take various forms. First of all, there􀆳ll be a Chinese painting exhibi- tion. You can even practice painting on the spot. Besides, the classic recitation activi- ties will present you with the beauty of tra- ditional Chinese culture. You can also en- joy a tea art performance and a Beijing Op- era show during the week. Wish you a productive and pleasant week! Ⅱ. 读后续写 Playing the song Chris recommended completely changed his life. Before that, he felt like he didn􀆳t belong anywhere in the school, and he was constantly strugg- ling to connect with anyone. But after the 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -590- 参 考 答 案　 broadcast, he was surprised to find that many students came up to him and compli- mented his song choice. For the first time, he felt like he had made some real friends. He even started to participate more actively in class, and his grades improved signifi- cantly. Miss Lee noticed the change in Chris and was thrilled to see him opening up. Miss Lee even recommended Chris to participate in the annual school song con- test. Chris was hesitant at first, but Miss Lee encouraged him, telling him that he had a great voice and a unique perspective on music. Chris worked hard, practicing every day, and gradually grew more confi- dent in his abilities. When the day of the contest arrived, he stepped onto the stage with nerves but determination. He sang his heart out, and the audience was spell- bound. Chris ended up winning the first place in the contest, and everyone in the school was amazed at his transformation. B Ⅰ. 应用文写作 Members Wanted There will be an online exchange ac- tivity about Chinese paintings between Green High School from New Zealand and our school next month. The activity is aimed at strengthening communication and showing the beauty of Chinese paintings. Now we are looking for members. If you are good at Chinese paintings and want to show your talent,please come and join us. Besides, you should have a good com- mand of English and can communicate with others in English freely. Students of all grades are welcome. If you􀆳re interested, please fill in your appli- cation form and send it to schoolstudents􀆳 union@ 163. com before December 1st. The Students􀆳 Union Ⅱ. 读后续写 I rushed to the front of my building. “What are you doing out in this weather?” I asked as we hugged. “Well, I tried to call last week but couldn􀆳t get through. Then I called your company and they said you weren􀆳t working there anymore, so I thought I would come by,” Esther said. “ I have gifts for you and Kristil. ” As she got up to leave, she handed me a Christmas card. “This is for you. ” I walked her to her car and waved as she pulled away. When I opened her card, I gasped (喘息) in shock. Hundred-dollar bills fell onto the table. As a result, tears of grati- tude welled in my eyes as I counted. Es- ther had given me $1, 000 in total. On Christmas morning, Kristil and I gathered around our tree, and I joyfully watched as she opened her gifts. I silently thanked Es- ther in my heart. What a great teacher and a good friend! What she did brought hap- piness to our dark days! 选择性必修第四册 课时作业 19　 CONNECTIONS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。 文章主 要介绍了罗琳的《哈利·波特》系列书中 的一些经验教训。 1. D 　 推理判断题。 根据 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 部分 “Research has shown that those who are most suc- cessful are those who are able to openly accept help. Moreover, research has shown that acts of being willing to bene- fit others or making a donation, help us find meaning in being able to help others who􀆳ve also been affected. ” 可知,《哈 利·波特与火焰杯》告诉我们接受帮 助并予以回报的好处。 2. B 　 细节理解题。 根据 Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban 部分“And during the long season of recovery, it􀆳s critical to be able to find hope and joy despite difficult circumstances. ” 可知, 《哈利·波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》告诉 我们在艰难时刻要保持快乐。 3. A 　 推理判断题。 根据 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 部分“Af- ter a community has been struck... help one another out. Whatever it was that once separated them—race, or class, or language, or privilege—suddenly seems unimportant. ”可知,我们能从《哈利· 波特与凤凰社》中了解到“远亲不如近 邻”的道理。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章选 自卡夫卡的小说《变形记》,主要讲述了 主人公 Samsa 一天早晨醒后发现自己变 成了甲虫。 4. B 　 推理判断题。 根据文章第一段的 内容可知,当 Gregor Samsa 醒来时,他 发现自己变成了一只甲虫,所以他变 成了一个好笑的虫子。 5. C 　 细节理解题。 根据文章第二段 “His room, a regular human bedroom, only rather too small, lay quiet between the four familiar white walls. ”可知,他 房间的墙上很单调,是白色的。 6. D 　 推理判断题。 根据文章第二段 “‘ What has happened to me?’ he thought. It was no dream. ” 可 知, 当 Samsa 早上醒来时,他还不太相信这是 真的,以为是在梦中。 7. A　 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段 “He thought ‘What an exhausting job I􀆳ve picked on! Traveling about day in, day out. It􀆳s much more boring work than doing the actual business in the of- fice, and on top of that there􀆳s the trou- ble of constant traveling, of worrying about train connections, the bed and ir- regular meals, casual acquaintances that are always new and never become inti- mate friends. The devil takes it all!’” 可知,Samsa 对自己之前的生活很不 满意。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 在一架 飞机上,乘务员 Floyd Dean-Shannon 注意 到一位女士对乘飞机产生恐惧,他给予 了安慰并全程陪伴她。 在生活中,我们 也要成为别人的朋友,注意到别人所发 生的事,而不是只关注屏幕。 1. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. cheaper 便宜的;B. faster 快的;C. safer 安全的; D. closer 近的。 根据本句 “Accidents are so rare”可知,事故稀少,应是安全 的。 故选 C。 2. B　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. doubtful 怀疑的;B. panicked 恐慌的;C. curious 好奇的;D. depressed 沮丧的。 本句前 文“Accidents are so rare that flying is much 　 1　 than car travel. ”以及本句 的“But”可知,前后含义转折,虽然安 全,但是仍会感到恐慌。 故选 B。 3. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. happened 发生;B. appealed 呼吁; C. applied 申 请;D. mattered 重要。 根据前文 “But that doesn􀆳t stop many people from feel- ing 　 2　 when they are moving at 500 miles per hour, 33,000 feet above the ground. ”可知,这种情况发生在一位女 士身上。 故选 A。 4. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. handled 处 理;B. removed 移除;C. noticed 注意 到;D. predicted 预测。 根据下文 “But he paused and spoke 　 5　 to the woman. ”可知,Floyd Dean-Shannon 注 意到了,所以才会停下来安慰。 故 选 C。 5. D　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. casually 随 意地;B. cautiously 谨慎地;C. frankly 坦白地;D. reassuringly 安慰地。 根据 前文 “ Floyd Dean-Shannon 　 4　 the woman􀆳s distress. ” 可知,女士感到痛 苦,他安慰她。 故选 D。 6. A　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. noise 噪 音;B. equipment 设备; C. situation 情 况;D. call 电话。 根据本句“all the oth- er perfectly routine sounds you hear as a 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -591-