课时作业17 Literature-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

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#4 课时作业 17　 LITERATURE Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·湖南长沙一中模拟) Kull:Exile of Atlantis 　 　 Paperback Comments:603 ★★★★★ by Robert E. Howard ( Author ), Patrice Louinet (Editor,Afterword) 　 　 In a career spanning a mere twelve years, Robert E. Howard single-handedly invented the type called “ sword and sorcery ( 巫 术)” . From his fertile imagination sprang some of fiction􀆳s most enduring heroes. Yet while Conan is undoubtedly Howard􀆳s greatest creation, it was in his earlier series of fiction featuring Kull, a fearless warrior with the intellect of a philosopher, that Howard began to develop the distinctive themes, and the rich blend of history and mythology that would distinguish his later tales. Mendeleyev􀆳s Dream 　 　 Hardback Comments:9,023★★★★★ by Paul Strathern (Author) 　 　 Paul Strathern􀆳s terrific book Mendeleyev􀆳s Dream traces that journey all the way back to ancient Greece, when people first started questioning why the world is the way it is. It􀆳s hard to imagine a time before science. Strathern reminds us that people were more focused on questions of religion than on questions of science. Mendeleyev􀆳s Dream is the best book I􀆳ve ever read on the periodic table (元素周 期表) . It helps you understand how it all got pieced together and why it􀆳s so helpful. It􀆳s also a fascinating book at how a new science develops. 续表 Into the Water 　 　 Audiobook Comments:9,600★★★★★ by Paula Hawkins (Author),Laura Aikman (Narrator), Daniel Weyman(Narrator) 　 　 Paula Hawkins, the author of the number-one New York Times best seller The Girl on the Train, returns with Into the Water, her addictive new fiction of psychological thriller, delivering a deeply satisfying listen. A single mother turns up dead in the river that runs through town, where earlier, a vulnerable teenage girl met the same fate. They are not the first women lost to these dark waters, but their deaths disturb the river and its history, digging up secrets long submerged. 1. What can we learn according to the above three books? A. Robert E. Howard made a hit for his earliest creation Conan. B. Kull is a start point of Robert E. Howard􀆳s distinctive style. C. Mendeleyev􀆳s Dream describes how to apply the periodic table. D. Paul Strathern revealed human􀆳s excessive attention on science. 2. Which of the following must be available via a sound device? A. Into the Water. B. Kull:Exile of Atlantis. C. Mendeleyev􀆳s Dream. D. The Girl on the Train. 3. Which column on the website would you recommend the three books to? A. Thriller Today. B. Editor􀆳s Choice. C. Best Sellers of the Week. D. Nonfiction in Amazon Reading. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -492- 选择性必修第三册　 3 # (2023·湖北高三 5 月模拟) Scientist Erika Nesvold once asked a company aiming to mine the moon how he planned to address risks that mining equipment might carry microbes ( 微 生 物) from Earth and pollute the moon. The response: “ We􀆳ll worry about that later. ” That􀆳s an irresponsible mindset when it comes to preparing for people to live and work in space, Nesvold argues in her new book, Off-Earth. “ ...adopting a ‘ worry about it later’ attitude... strikes me as a path to repeating the tragedies of that history through ignorance,”Nesvold writes. Off-Earth is an extension of her 2017 podcast ( 播 客 ), Making New Worlds, which asked ethical ( 伦 理 的 ) questions about space settlement. The book takes some of the same questions and expands on them. Most chapters start with three short scenes, usually from different time periods. A chapter outlining debates over whether to settle space at all starts by asking the reader to imagine being in the 1600s and deciding to uproot your family and head to the New World. A chapter on how land usage and ownership rights might work in space imagines a person recently freed from slavery in the US South in 1865 and worrying that the new president will take back the land they finally own. The third scene is usually set in the year 2100,on a space settlement. Then Nesvold examines how various ethical scenarios ( 场景) related to the chapter􀆳s theme might play out in space. She quotes experts in fields that don􀆳t often come up in space science: ethics, philosophy, law. This approach is a departure from many books about the future of life on the final frontier, forcing readers to face hard realities and possible points of friction. To have the best chance of avoiding disaster, the time to consider those questions is now, not later, even though space settlement may be decades or centuries away, Nesvold argues. Off-Earth should be required reading for anyone who dreams about living in space and can help make our earthbound civilizations better too. 4. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1? A. To clarify a concept. B. To introduce a topic. C. To make a prediction. D. To generate a discussion. 5. What set(s) Off-Earth apart from others? A. Its writing style. B. Its text structure. C. Its story elements. D. Its writing techniques. 6. What􀆳s Nesvold􀆳s attitude to space settlement? A. Cautious. B. Unclear. C. Intolerant. D. Disapproving. 7. What is the text? A. A short story. B. A news report. C. A book review. D. A research essay. Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·江苏南京模拟) Choosing to be an author is rewarding but challenging. The most well-known authors struggled earlier in their careers to gain more 　 1　 . Many famous authors recently opened up about their embarrassing book signing events in response to a Twitter thread about another author􀆳s 　 2　 experience. Chelsea Banning, a fantasy author, tweeted her 　 3　 on December 4 after just two people 　 4　 to the signing event for her first novel Of 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -493- hh
#4 Crowns and Legends. She wrote, “ Only two people came to my signing event yesterday, so I was very 　 5　 . ” The tweet caught the 　 6　 of the author of My Sister􀆳s Keeper—Jodi Picoult, who responded, “ I􀆳ve sat lonely at a signing table many times only to have someone 　 7　 and ask me where the bathroom is. ” It didn􀆳t 　 8　 there as Margaret Atwood, the author of The Handmaid􀆳s Tale, also wrote, “ I arranged a signing event to which nobody came, except a guy who wanted to buy some tape and thought I was the 　 9　 . ” David Nicholls, the author of One Day, shared his own experience and wrote, “ The one where the bookshop staff kindly 　 10　 to be customers so I wouldn􀆳t feel too bad still 　 11　 with me. ” These responses from best-selling authors under Banning􀆳s tweet suggest that everyone 　 12　 had trouble making their voice reach a large number of people. 　 13　 , with efforts and willpower, these authors have climbed up the ladder (梯子) of the literary world and made it. Banning􀆳s 　 14　 has gathered over 60,000 likes and over 1,900 retweets. The thread is becoming an inspiration for young writers who􀆳re struggling to succeed in this competitive 　 15　 . 1. A. instructors B. translators C. readers D. companions 2. A. illegal B. strange C. busy D. disappointing 3. A. displeasure B. terror C. rudeness D. dishonesty 4. A. gave in B. called out C. turned up D. fell behind 5. A. curious B. upset C. shy D. thrilled 6. A. question B. thought C. point D. attention 7. A. approach B. survive C. contribute D. resist 8. A. matter B. occur C. stop D. work 9. A. hero B. helper C. buyer D. author 10. A. declined B. happened C. failed D. pretended 11. A. stays B. agrees C. contrasts D. starts 12. A. initially B. permanently C. fortunately D. willingly 13. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Instead 14. A. article B. review C. report D. post 15. A. event B. industry C. bookshop D. chat room Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·浙江绍兴模拟) Do you ever feel really afraid of failing? Do you think you have to be perfect all the time? Do you get very upset over small mistakes that you think you made and then imagine that makes the whole thing you are working on wrong? 　 1　 Perfectionists think that if they don􀆳t act perfectly, they are really bad or worthless. 　 2　 For example, you imagine other people judge you very harshly for very small mistakes. Perfectionists set really unrealistic goals for themselves, such as, I will make honor roll every year or never miss a step in that dance sequence. 　 3　 This kind of thinking means you view situations as all good or all bad—nothing in between. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -494- 选择性必修第三册　 3 　 4　 The first step is to help them identify their thoughts about a situation that􀆳s distressing. They are advised to ask themselves, “ What is going through my mind right now?” Then, if their next thought is along the lines of all-good or all- bad thinking such as “ I made a mistake and now my project is ruined”, it is suggested that they ask themselves something about that thought. They could ask, “ Is there a way to see my situation as not all good or bad, but as something in between?” Setting realistic goals sounds like a crucial part of trying to avoid perfectionism, while still being motivated to do well. Yes, contrary to what most people think, you can still become very successful without being a perfectionist! 　 5　 They can fail at a task and more easily bounce back from that failure. A. If you do, then you are probably a perfectionist. B. So what can people do to help change the way they think? C. Perfectionists sometimes avoid challenges for fear of failing. D. When they don􀆳t meet these goals, they feel it􀆳s a catastrophe. E. They appreciate success without linking it so rigidly to their self-worth. F. Positive strivers set realistic goals and enjoy challenging themselves. G. They usually think others also use the same unreasonably high standards to judge them. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·江苏苏州模拟) The Nanimomo Cafe chain, a new chain of coffee shops, has expanded rapidly in Wuxi since May last year. The coffee shops display a range of clay figurines (泥人) and related 　 1　 ( create) cultural products. Huishan clay figurines are made from the black clay found at the foot of Huishan Mountain in Wuxi. They are said to have a 　 2　 ( record) history of more than 400 years and are listed 　 3　 the first group of China􀆳s national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. In Wuxi dialect, Huishan clay figurines 　 4　 (pronounce) nanimomo. The art peaked during the Ming and Qing 　 5　 ( dynasty ), then it gradually fell into decline. In recent years, however, Wuxi has carried out a series of reforms and innovation 　 6　 ( promote ) the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage projects. Walking into the coffee shops, you will see the two most famous traditional figurines, A Fu and A Xi, 　 7　 ( mean) “ good fortune” and “ joy” . However, modern figurines, such as Nani and Momo, are more attractive to young consumers. There are also several cute and colorful characters, carrying different types of food for 　 8　 Wuxi is famous: spare ribs, peaches and steamed buns. “ Integrating the display and experience of Huishan clay figurines into the coffee shops 　 9　 ( bring ) this intangible cultural heritage to the attention of young people. Only in this way can we improve 　 10　 ( it) protection and inheritance,” says Song Xilian, head of operations at the cafe chain. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -495- 参 考 答 案　 arately, rather than bonded with the men􀆳s tournaments. ”可知,G 项“那迫 使买卖双方考虑这些赞助权究竟值多 少钱。”符合语境,其中的 That 指代前 文的“包括国际足联和世界橄榄球联 合会在内的几大版权持有者现在分别 出售女子赛事的赞助权”,前后文是因 果关系,同时本句中的 rights 与前文中 的 rights 呼应。 故选 G。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了中国靛蓝印染的历史以及江苏 南通的靛蓝印布。 1. Dating　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:追溯 到秦汉时期,靛蓝印染布被用来作为 主要的服装材料至少有 1 000 年的历 史。 分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词 “had been used”,空格处应用非谓语动 词,date back to...意为“追溯到……”, “ indigo-dyed cloth”和“date”为逻辑上 的主谓关系,应用 date 的现在分词 “dating” 作状语,句首单词首字母大 写。 故填 Dating。 2. as　 考查介词。 句意同上。 分析句子 可知, 句 中 涉 及 固 定 短 语 “ be used as...”,意为“被用来作为……”,空格处 应用介词 as。 故填 as。 3. is taken 　 考查时态和语态。 句意:天 然靛蓝取自四种植物。 分析句子可 知,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般 现在时, “ indigo” 和 “ take” 为被动关 系,应 用 一 般 现 在 时 的 被 动 语 态, indigo 为不可数名词,和 is 连用, take 的过去分词为 taken,故填 is taken。 4. generally 　 考查副词。 句意:在汉语 里,任何可用于提取靛蓝的植物通常 被命名为“蓝草”。 分析句子可知,“ is named”为谓语动词,空格处应用副词, 作状语,general 对应的副词为“general- ly”,意为“通常”。 故填 generally。 5. keeps　 考查时态。 句意:被这些植物 染色的布料总是保持着淡淡的香味, 而且天然防虫。 分析可知,句子陈述 的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,空格 处是谓语动词,cloth 为不可数名词,空 格处应用 keep 的第三人称单数形式。 故填 keeps。 6. printed　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:天然 靛蓝染色布有两种图案类别:一种是 蓝色背景上印刷白色图案;另一种是 在白色背景上有蓝色图案。 分析句子 可知,句中有系动词“ is”,空格处应用 非谓语动词,“design”和“print”为逻辑 上的动宾关系,应用 print 的过去分词 “printed”作后置状语。 故填 printed。 7. the　 考查固定短语。 句意同上。 分析 可知,句中涉及固定短语“ one..., the other...”,意为“(两者间)一个……,另 一个……”,空格处应用定冠词 the。 故 填 the。 8. that / which　 考查定语从句。 句意:主 题以植物、动物和故事中的人物为中 心,承载着中国人对生活的美好祝愿。 分析可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先 行词为“ plants, animals and characters in stories”,指事物,关系词在从句中作 主语,应用关系代词“ that”或“which” 引导从句。 故填 that / which。 9. supplier　 考查名词。 句意:自明朝和 清朝以来,江苏南通一直是靛蓝染色 布的主要供应商。 分析可知,major 为 形容词,空格处应用名词,作表语,sup- ply 作名词时意为“供给”,不符合语 境,应用 supplier,意为“供应商”,根据 句中“Nantong”可知,应用 supplier 的 单数形式。 故填 supplier。 10. cultural　 考查形容词。 句意:2006 年 5 月,蓝色染料技术被国务院批准为 国家文化遗产。 分析句子可知,herit- age 为名词,空格处应用形容词,作定 语,culture 为名词,对应的形容词为 “cultural”,意为“文化的”。 故填 cul- tural。 课时作业 17　 LITERATURE Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。 文章介 绍并推荐了三部书。 1. B　 推理判断题。 根据 Kull:Exile of Atlantis 部分中“Yet while Conan is un- doubtedly Howard􀆳s greatest creation, it was in his earlier series of fiction featu- ring Kull, a fearless warrior with the in- tellect of a philosopher, that Howard be- gan to develop the distinctive themes, and the rich blend of history and mythol- ogy that would distinguish his later tales. ”可知, Kull 是 Robert E. Howard 独特风格的起点。 2. A 　 细节理解题。 根据 Into the Water 中 的 “ Audiobook Comments ” 以 及 “Paula Hawkins, the author of the num- ber-one New York Times best seller The Girl on the Train, returns with Into the Water, her addictive new fiction of psy- chological thriller, delivering a deeply satisfying listen. ” 可知, Into the Water 是有声读物。 3. B 　 推理判断题。 通读全文并结合选 项可知,本文介绍并推荐了三部书,都 是由编辑精心挑选的,故推知应是推 荐给“编辑精选”栏目。 A. Thriller To- day. 今日惊悚;B. Editor􀆳s Choice. 编辑 的选择;C. Best Sellers of the Week. 本 周畅 销 书; D. Nonfiction in Amazon Reading. 亚马孙阅读中的非虚构作品。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇书评。 文章主要 介绍了科学家 Nesvold 的新书 Off-Earth 的相关内容。 4. B 　 推理判断题。 文章第一段讲述了 一段往事。 科学家 Nesvold 询问一家 公司是否担心开发月球会导致月球被 污染,却得到不负责任的答复,讲述这 个故事目的是引出本文即将讨论的主 题。 故选 B。 5. D　 推理判断题。 根据文章例数第二 段的第二句和第三句“She quotes ex- perts in fields that don􀆳t often come up in space science: ethics, philosophy, law. This approach is a departure from many books about the future of life on the final frontier, forcing readers to face hard realities and possible points of fric- tion. ”可知,Nesvold 的写作方式使得 这本书和其他的书不一样,能够引发 读者思考,直面可怕的现实。 故选 D。 6. A　 推理判断题。 从文章中可以看出, Nesvold 在书中讨论了太空殖民可能 碰到的很多问题,再根据文章例数第 二段 的 最 后 一 句 “ To have the best chance of avoiding disaster, the time to consider those questions is now, not lat- er, even though space settlement may be decades or centuries away, Nesvold ar- gues. ”可知,Nesvold 并不反对太空殖 民,但是对此却非常小心谨慎,以免重 复历史的悲剧。 故选 A。 7. C　 推理判断题。 通读全文可知,作者 介绍了 Nesvold 的一本书,以及其在书 中呈现的观点。 在文章的最后,作者 还向人们推荐了这本书,因此可知,这 是一篇书评。 故选 C。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章 报道了作家 Chelsea Banning 关于签名会 遇冷的推文得到更多著名作家的回复, 引起共鸣的事情。 1. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. instructors 讲师;B. translators 翻译;C. readers 读 者; D. companions 伴 侣。 根 据 下 文 “Many famous authors recently opened up about their embarrassing book signing events”和“Only two people came to my signing event yesterday, so I was very 　 5　 . ”可知,文中谈论的是作家争取 读者的事情。 2. D　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. illegal 非法的;B. strange 奇怪的;C. busy 忙碌 的;D. disappointing 令人失望的。 根据 下 文 “ She wrote, ‘ Only two people came to my signing event yesterday, so I was very 　 5　 . ’”可知,只有两个人 参加 Chelsea Banning 的签名会,对她 而言,这是让人感到失望的经历。 3. A　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. displeasure 悲伤;B. terror 恐惧;C. rudeness 粗鲁; D. dishonesty 不诚实。 根据下文“Only two people came to my signing event yesterday”可知,只有两个人参加 Chel- 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -587- hh
#4 sea Banning 的签名会,这让她感到 悲伤。 4. C　 考查动词短语辨析。 A. gave in 屈 服;B. called out 大声叫喊;C. turned up 出现;D. fell behind 落后。 根据下文 “Only two people came to my signing event yesterday”可知,只有两个读者出 现在 Chelsea Banning 的签名会。 5. B 　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. curious 好奇的;B. upset 沮丧的;C. shy 害羞 的;D. thrilled 激动的。 结合常识和句 中“Only two people came to my signing event yesterday”可知,只有两个读者出 现在 Chelsea Banning 的签名会,所以 她感到沮丧、难过。 6. D 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. question 问题;B. thought 思想;C. point 要点; D. attention 注意。 根据句中“who re- sponded” 可知, Chelsea Banning 的推 文引起了 Jodi Picoult 的注意,得到她 的回复。 7. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. approach 靠 近,接近;B. survive 生存;C. contribute 贡献;D. resist 抵抗。 根据句中“ask me where the bathroom is”及常识可知,要 先接近,然后再提问。 8. C 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. matter 要 紧;B. occur 发生;C. stop 停止;D. work 工作。 推文的回复并没有止步于 Jodi Picoult,另一个作家 Margaret Atwood 也作出了回复。 9. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. hero 英雄; B. helper 助手;C. buyer 买家;D. author 作者。 根据句中“ a guy who wanted to buy some tape and thought I was the”可 知,这个人把 Margaret Atwood 当成了 销售助手。 10. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. declined 拒绝;B. happened 发生;C. failed 失 败;D. pretended 假装。 根据句中“The one where the bookshop staff kindly” 和“ to be customers so I wouldn􀆳t feel too bad”可知,店员假扮顾客来安慰 David Nicholls。 11. A 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. stays 停 留; B. agrees 同 意; C. contrasts 对 比; D. starts 开始。 stay with... 是固定搭 配,意为“和……在一起”。 12. A　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. initially 最初;B. permanently 永久地;C. fortu- nately 幸运地;D. willingly 乐意地。 根据第一段中“The most well-known authors struggled earlier in their careers to gain more 　 1　 . ” 和 第 二 段 中 Chelsea Banning 推文下的回复可推 知,作为作家最初都很难让自己的声 音被很多人听到。 13. C　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. Therefore 因此;B. Besides 此外;C. However 然 而;D. Instead 相反。 由空后句子可 知,凭借努力和毅力,这些作家爬上 了文坛的阶梯,并取得了成功。 和空 前文意有转折关系。 14. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. article 文 章;B. review 评 论; C. report 报 告; D. post 帖子。 根据句中“gathered over 60,000 likes and over 1,900 retweets” 可知, Banning 的 帖 子 得 到 点 赞 和 转发。 15. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. event 事 件;B. industry 行业; C. bookshop 书 店;D. chat room 聊天室。 根据上文和 句中“ young writers”可知,文章讨论 到作家这个行业的竞争激烈。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了完美主义者的特征以及如何改 变完美主义者的思维。 1. A　 根据前文“Do you ever feel really afraid of failing? Do you think you have to be perfect all the time? Do you get very upset over small mistakes that you think you made and then imagine that makes the whole thing you are working on wrong?”可知,如果有以上的现象, 你有可能是一个完美主义者。 所以选 项 A“如果是的,那么你可能是一个完 美主义者。”符合语境。 2. G　 根据前句“Perfectionists think that if they don􀆳t act perfectly, they are real- ly bad or worthless. ”和后句“For exam- ple, you imagine other people judge you very harshly for very small mistakes. ” 可知,完美主义者不但自己要求完美, 还会认为别人都以高标准来评判他 们。 所以选项 G“他们通常认为别人 也用同样不合理的高标准来评判他 们。”承上启下,符合语境。 3. D 　 根据前句“Perfectionists set really unrealistic goals for themselves, such as, I will make honor roll every year or never miss a step in that dance se- quence. ”和后句“This kind of thinking means you view situations as all good or all bad—nothing in between. ”可知,如 果完美主义者没有达到给自己设定的 目标,就会认为很糟糕。 所以选项 D “当他们没有达到这些目标时,他们会 觉得这是一场灾难。”承上启下,符合 语境。 4. B 　 空处为本段主旨句。 根据空后内 容可知,本段主要介绍如何帮助改变 完美主义者的思维方式。 所以选项 B “那么,人们能做些什么来帮助改变他 们的思维方式呢?” 引出下文,符合 语境。 5. F 　 根据前文 “ Setting realistic goals sounds like a crucial part of trying to avoid perfectionism, while still being motivated to do well. Yes, contrary to what most people think, you can still become very successful without being a perfectionist!”和后句“They can fail at a task and more easily bounce back from that failure. ”可知,这里介绍完美主义 者与积极奋斗者对待目标的态度。 所 以选项 F“积极奋斗者设定现实的目 标,喜欢挑战自我。” 承上启下,符合 语境。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍了无锡的一家新的咖啡连锁店——— Nanimomo 咖啡连锁店。 1. creative 　 考查形容词。 句意:这些咖 啡店展示了一系列泥人和相关的创意 文化产品。 分析句子结构可知,空白 处在句子中作定语,应使用形容词,故 填 creative。 2. recorded　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:据 说它们有 400 多年的历史,2006 年被 列入中国第一批国家级非物质文化遗 产。 分析句子结构可知,空白处在句 子中作定语,使用非谓语动词,因与其 逻辑主语 history 之间为被动关系,应 使用过去分词,故填 recorded。 3. among 　 考查介词。 句意同上。 根据 下文“ the first group(第一批)”可知空 白处应填表示“在其中”含义的介词, 故填 among。 4. are pronounced　 考查时态和语态。 句 意:在无锡方言中,惠山泥人发音为 nanimomo。 分析句子结构可知,空白 处在句子中作谓语,与主语之间为被 动关系,应使用被动语态,句子表达的 是一个客观情况,应使用一般现在时 的被动语态,故填 are pronounced。 5. dynasties　 考查名词。 句意:这门艺术 在明清时期达到顶峰,后来逐渐衰落。 根据上文“ the Ming and Qing(明清)” 可知,空白处应填名词复数,故填 dy- nasties。 6. to promote　 考查非谓语动词。 句意: 但近年来,无锡市在推进非物质文化 遗产项目传承方面进行了一系列改革 和创新。 分析句子结构可知,空白处 在句子中使用动词不定式作状语,表 示目的,故填 to promote。 7. meaning　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:走 进咖啡馆,你会看到两个最著名的传 统雕像,阿福和阿喜,意思是“好运”和 “欢乐”。 分析句子结构可知,空白处 在句子中为使用非谓语动词,因与其 逻辑主语 A Fu and A Xi 之间为逻辑上 的主 谓 关 系, 使 用 现 在 分 词, 故 填 meaning。 8. which　 考查定语从句。 句意:还有几 个可爱多彩的人物,拿着无锡著名的 不同类型的食物:排骨、桃子和包子。 分析句子结构可知,这是一个包含定 语从句的复合句,先行词为 food,指物, 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -588- 参 考 答 案　 应使用 which 引 导 定 语 从 句, 故 填 which。 9. brings / has brought 　 考查时态。 句意: 将惠山泥人的展示和体验融入咖啡 馆,使这项非物质文化遗产受到年轻 人的关注。 分析句子结构可知,空白 处在句中作谓语,因句子表达的是一 种客观情况,使用一般现在时;也可理 解为过去的动作对现在造成的影响, 用现在完成时;又因主语 “ Integrating the display and experience of Huishan clay figurines into the coffee shops” 为 单数概念,故填 brings / has brought。 10. its　 考查代词。 句意:只有这样,我们 才能加强对它的保护和传承。 分析 句子结构可知,空白处在句子中作定 语,使用形容词性物主代词,故填 its。 课时作业 18　 HUMAN BIOLOGY Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一则新闻报道。 诺贝 尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典出生的遗传 学家 Svante Pääbo,表彰他与已灭绝人类 群体基因组有关的发现,这些发现揭示 了现代人类特有的遗传特征,为探索人 类特有的基因序列提供了基础。 1. B 　 主旨大意题。 根据第一段的内容 可知,第一段主要讲了 Pääbo 博士取得 了哪些突破。 2. A　 细节理解题。 根据第二段中“Be- fore Dr Pääbo􀆳s research, understanding of Neanderthals came from analysis of the features of ancient bone remains and from studies of tools and other archaeo- logical artifacts ( 史 前 古 器 物 ) . Dr Pääbo􀆳s work made it possible to pre- cisely analyze the genetic characteristics of Neanderthals and helped illustrate how different types of humans mixed on the planet during periods of coexis- tence. ”可知, Pääbo 博士的研究与以 往的不同是他能准确比较基因特征。 3. D　 推理判断题。 根据第三段中“Early in his career, Dr Pääbo became focused on using advanced modern genetic tech- niques to study the DNA of Neander- thals. But DNA degrades over time meaning that, for ancient specimens (样 本), only small amounts are left. ”可推 知, Pääbo 博士在研究过程中克服了有 限的 DNA 信息的困难。 4. C　 推理判断题。 根据第二段中“Dr Pääbo􀆳s discoveries have laid the groundwork for research on how ancient gene sequences from extinct relatives in- fluence the function of present-day hu- mans. ”可推知, Pääbo 博士的发现为 探索人类特有的基因序列提供了基础。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 一项新 研究发现:在水下潜水的鸟类,如企鹅、 鲣鸟和鹈鹕,可能比它们不潜水的亲戚 更容易灭绝。 5. B 　 词义猜测题。 根据第二段第二句 “Now, an analysis of the evolutionary history of more than 700 waterbird spe- cies shows that once a bird group gains the ability to dive, the change is irre- versible, which could help explain why diving birds have a higher extinction rate compared with nondiving birds. ”可知, 画线 的 词 意 为 “不 可 逆 转 的”。 故 选 B。 6. D　 目的意图题。 根据第三段“‘There are considerable morphological(形态学 的) adaptations for diving,’ says Cath- erine Sheard, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Bristol in England. For instance, gannets and some pelicans that dive into the water from the air have twists to the neck muscles and the bones in the chest. ”可知,第三段提到“鲣鸟” 和“鹈鹕”是为了进一步解释生物学家 Catherine Sheard 所说的“潜水有相当 大的形态学适应”。 D. To explain a phenomenon. 为了解释一种现象。 分 析可知, D 项正确。 7. A　 推理判断题。 根据第四段的内容 可知,进化生物学家 Josh Tyler 和 Jane Younger 通过数据进行对比得出他们 的研究结果。 8. C 　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段最后 一句“The range of environments availa- ble for foraging is much larger for the nondiving birds than for the specialist divers, and this may play into their abil- ity to adapt and thrive. ”可知,非潜水鸟 类有更多的食物选择,这对于它们的 灭绝率较低有影响。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 有一天 作者患自闭症的儿子突然拥抱作者,这 让作者相信奇迹的存在,让作者每天都 充满快乐。 1. C 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. priorities 优先处理的事;B. mysteries 神秘的事 物;C. challenges 挑战;D. opportunities 机会。 根据上文 “My 34-year-old son Zack was diagnosed with autism (自闭 症) at two. ”可知,此处表示“这是一 条漫长的道路,充满了许多挑战”。 2. A 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. compli- cates 使复杂化;B. settles 解决;C. helps 帮助; D. explains 解 释。 根 据 上 文 “Zack is nonverbal”及常识可知,Zack 不会 说 话 的 事 实 让 事 情 变 得 更 加 复杂。 3. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. support 支 持;B. responsibility 责任;C. communi- cation 交流;D. security 安全。 根据上 文“Autism involves continuous obstacles in social”和常识可知,自闭症在社交方 面存在持续的障碍。 4. A 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. affection 感情;B. growth 生长;C. success 成功; D. recovery 恢 复。 根 据 上 文 “Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自发的) signs of”和常识可知,许多 和作者一样的父母,渴望孩子自发地 表达喜爱之情。 5. B　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. amused 愉快的;B. blessed 被保佑的(荣幸的); C. determined 下定决心的;D. honored 光荣的。 根据上文“Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自 发 的) signs of 　 4　 from their child. ”和下文 “get one”可知,作者很幸运地得到了 儿子表达的喜爱之情,故空格处用 blessed。 6. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. sing 唱歌; B. apologize 道 歉; C. respond 回 答; D. complain 抱怨。 根据下文 “with a favorite chant”及“ In the middle of my song”可知,作者唱歌。 7. D 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. agreed 同 意;B. mentioned 提到;C. announced 宣 布;D. noticed 注意到。 根据下文“Zack was attentively observing me”可知,作 者注意到 Zack 在聚精会神地观察 作者。 8. B　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. Eventually 最后;B. Suddenly 突然;C. Naturally 自 然地;D. Apparently 显然。 根据下文 “A feather could have knocked me over as I realized that, for the very first time, my son was 　 10　 me!”及语境可知, 突然,他向作者迈了一步,伸出双臂。 9. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. formed 形 成;B. counted 数数;C. paused 暂停; D. followed 跟随。 根据下文 “ and he wrapped his arms around me”可知,他 又走了一步,紧紧地抱住作者。 10. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. calling 打 电话;B. encouraging 鼓励;C. hugging 拥抱;D. protecting 保护。 根据上文 “he wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug”可知,作者儿子在拥抱 作者。 11. B　 考查介词短语辨析。 A. in com- fort 舒 适 地; B. in shock 震 惊 地; C. with confidence 自 信 地; D. with awe 带着敬畏。 根据上文“A feather could have knocked me over as I real- ized that, for the very first time, my son was 　 10　 me!”可知,作者儿子 第一次拥抱作者,作者震惊了。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -589-