课时作业13 Humour-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

选择性必修第二册　 3 　 选择性必修第二册 课时作业 13　 HUMOUR Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·江苏南京模拟) Your emotion helps you make sense of the world. At the core of an emotion is a subjective experience of the valence of it—what emotion scientists call “ affect ” ( 情 感 ) . Generally speaking, “ affect” is what we are most focused on. Do you have chocolate cake in front of you? That􀆳s good! Do you see a spider on the table? That􀆳s bad! Your affective reactions tell you which experiences are desirable, and which aren􀆳t, but the total emotional experience includes all you do and think. You can learn a lot by observing and describing them. You can also learn a lot by appreciating their secret life. The problem is: the affective features of emotions tend to dominate. Our subjective valence of emotion is almost all we can see. When emotions are only about what is pleasant or unpleasant in subjective experience right now, the more important features of emotion disappear. If you can slow down and expand; if you stop running or clinging (沉浸其中) and adopt a sense of curiosity, emotions become more subtle and different. When fear comes up, don􀆳t walk away so that fear dissipates. Instead, stay. Allow yourself to feel the nervousness, the sweating, and everything else that comes along with it. It is one of the hardest things to do in life, but it􀆳s also one of the most rewarding. If you run, you are telling basic parts of your brain, “ I guess this threat really was real. I better stay away from it. ” You are training yourself to fear, regardless of that situation. If you cling, you are saying, “ The escape from this emotion is a threat”, and since it is not a happy experience, happiness slips through your hands like sand. Note that you can not fool yourself. Just allow the full emotion. You will never enter into their secret life until you stop running or clinging. To control your life, you need to actively train your emotions to be your ally ( 同 盟 ) . Observe. Describe. Appreciate. Do that and you may find you have allies for healthy living that were there all along. 1. Why does the author mention “ chocolate cake” and “spider” in paragraph 1? A. To explain the complex response of emotions. B. To show the subjective experience of emotions. C. To indicate the goodness and badness of the world. D. To emphasize the significance of emotions in life. 2. What is the consequence if you just focus on your present feelings? A. The present feelings are less obvious. B. The subjective emotions are less powerful. C. The overall picture of emotions is easier to ignore. D. The observation and description of emotions are easier. 3. What does the underlined word “ dissipates” in paragraph 4 probably refer to? A. Deepens. B. Spreads. C. Disappears. D. Sticks. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -475- hh
#4 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The secret of emotions. B. The subjective experience. C. The importance of allies in life. D. Magical functions of emotions. # (2023·重庆育才中学模拟) A culture􀆳s values can be mirrored by its humour. Humour has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes, who, in“On Nature”, disliked humour. “ Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from a sudden thought of feeling far better than others. ” He thought humour to be a negative quality of human narrow- mindedness. However, Mordechai Gordon, PhD of Education, insists, “Humour allows us to view the world from an angle that is amusing rather than serious. ” I agree with Gordon. Learning to look at the world through humour is important. In the United States, every four years an election occurs. Without humour as a way to express their feelings, how would Americans be willing to support the election? Television shows like The Daily Show have become important parts of American culture. They are mothering the masses by unconsciously inputting politics into our mouths. They make politics fun. Of course, politics is only one type of humour. Social humour helps people through the twists and turns of the human condition. American pop culture promotes an unhealthy self-image. On the topic of self-image,Hari Kondabolu stands out. He has a joke about the popular musical group The Pussycat Dolls, describing their hit song Don􀆳t Cha as a negative representation of women. He points out an obvious offence in American culture. A study from Loyola University of Maryland has shown that humour is one determining factor for selecting a mating partner. Amongst other things, mates look for an outstanding funny bone in a potential partner. Of course, humour is not always used for good purposes. Humour can be linked to vulgarity (粗俗) and racism, but, like everything else, it has potential to unite human beings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves, our failures and our connection with one another. Though life may seem tough and depressing at times, all I have to do is look in the mirror at my increased wrinkles (皱纹) to know that there is a comedy out there that even Chaplin wasn􀆳t aware of. With that in mind, remember to laugh with humanity and sometimes at humanity. 5. Hobbes believes that humour 　 　 　 　 . A. resulted in narrow-mindedness of human beings B. was only a way to laugh at others to make oneself feel better C. had the power to mirror personal glory and national values D. was for people to view the world from another angle 6. What is the author􀆳s attitude towards political humour? A. Worried. B. Disappointed. C. Curious. D. Appreciative. 7. The fourth paragraph is developed mainly 　 　 　 　 . A. by process B. by example C. by comparison D. by classification 8. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Chaplin wasn􀆳t aware of being laughed at. B. The author feels helpless and sad about getting older. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -476- 选择性必修第二册　 3 C. Never be the one who laughs at other people. D. The author is determined to face life with a sense of humour. Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·重庆巴蜀中学模拟) I was talking to some friends while standing in line in the cafeteria at my middle school. As I started to share a funny story, my friend Elizabeth 　 1　 me. “ Coco! Coco!” she called out. Everyone laughed. “This is so 　 2　 . ” I thought. I felt a little bit uncomfortable. However, I never wanted to ask what “Coco” meant. I 　 3　 it was a code word for a cute boy. Elizabeth was one of the girls that everyone wanted to be friends with. I felt 　 4　 to be friends with her. Later, I noticed that Elizabeth often said bad things about other kids. I would have never said those things about someone, but to fit in, I 　 5　 when Elizabeth said them. One day, a classmate stopped by my locker and said to me,“‘Coco’ means Elizabeth thinks you􀆳re being 　 6　 . It􀆳s really mean. ” My eyes filled with tears. I couldn􀆳t 　 7　 it. The next day, at lunchtime, I sat beside Macy, who was sitting with another two girls and who had always seemed nice, 　 8　 that she didn􀆳t know about Coco. “You know Elizabeth is mean, right?” My heart 　 9　 . She knew. Before I could respond, Macy said, “You didn􀆳t 　 10　 to be treated that way, and nobody else does either. ” I smiled and then talked to my new friends with 　 11　 . We laughed a lot, and no one interrupted with a mean code word. Most adolescents are attempting to 　 12　 who they are and who they want to be. The word “Coco” will always serve as a(n) 　 13　 that I need to stay 　 14　 to myself and never compromise my values to be friends with someone. Because with 　 15　 friends, I won􀆳t have to. 1. A. interrupted B. mentioned C. greeted D. recognized 2. A. incredible B. odd C. risky D. relaxing 3. A. knew B. admitted C. recalled D. assumed 4. A. embarrassed B. guilty C. lucky D. ready 5. A. quit B. sighed C. laughed D. complained 6. A. mean B. annoying C. unfair D. dishonest 7. A. believe B. afford C. resist D. make 8. A. ensuring B. suspecting C. realizing D. praying 9. A. broke B. sank C. softened D. melted 10. A. expect B. deserve C. intend D. refuse 11. A. caution B. sympathy C. delight D. regret 12. A. figure out B. care about C. count on D. escape from 13. A. model B. inspiration C. guarantee D. reminder 14. A. critical B. superior C. true D. immune 15. A. new B. smart C. imaginary D. right Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·湖北武汉模拟) Having a good sense of humor makes you more likeable. 　 1　 . Here􀆳s how you can develop your sense of humor. ·Surround Yourself with Humor You learn more effectively when you fully 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -477- hh
#4 expose yourself to a subject. Similarly, you can improve your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with humor. Watch stand-up comedians. Listen to programs that amuse you. Read humorous books. 　 2　 . ·Learn What Amuses You 　 3　 . We amuse our friends by praising a change they made. However, when it comes to being funny, don􀆳t change your sense of humor to amuse other people. Instead, start with what amuses you. Then, if you think the other person will also be amused by it, share it with them. ·Think About Timing and the Audience You don􀆳t have to be funny all the time, so don􀆳t expect that of yourself. When you catch yourself trying to be funny, slow down. Simply speak slower so you􀆳re not as likely to stop and repeat yourself. Try speaking at 60% - 70% of your usual rate. 　 4　 . ·　 5　 You don􀆳t need to seize every single opportunity to be funny. If you􀆳re in the middle of a bad joke, just end it. “You know what—now that I􀆳m telling it, it􀆳s not as funny as it sounded in my head” can be a bit of an awkward end and hurt your pride a little bit, but it saves everyone time and patience. In the long run, they􀆳ll respect your taste. A. Be Creative, Not Silly B. Pause in between sentences C. There􀆳s a lot of fun out there D. You might also do better at work E. Know When to Pull the Plug on Yourself F. You can also try your hand in the real world G. A lot of times, we say things purely to please others 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·浙江绍兴模拟) The power of Chinese emperors rose and fell with their control of the Grand Canal. Today, this waterway is shorter than it was once, 　 1　 it is still the longest man-made river in the world. 　 2　 ( important), the Grand Canal continues to provide a vital cultural and economic link for modern China. The original Canal system began around the year 605 AD, 　 3　 China􀆳s emperor Yang realized that he needed a better way to move food and feed his army, so the emperor ordered the construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, 　 4　 ( connect) those existing canals, lakes and rivers. For more than a thousand years, goods 　 5　 ( transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the country􀆳s watery highway plays an important economic role in China. Boats continue to carry tons of coal, food and other goods 　 6　 Hangzhou and Jining. However, local governments eager to increase 　 7　 ( tour) and city development have torn down almost all of the older canal-side buildings. In 2005 a group of citizens proposed that the historic Grand Canal be made 　 8　 UNESCO world heritage site, hoping this status would protect both the waterway and the architecture around it. With UNESCO status officially 　 9　 ( grant ) in 2014, the world􀆳s greatest engineering accomplishments continue to link north and south China for 　 10　 (century) to come. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -478- hh
#4 5. yearly　 考查副词。 句意同上。 分析句 子成分可知,此处应用副词 yearly,意 为“每年”,作时间状语。 6. the 　 考查冠词。 句意:自几十年前开 始植树造林以来,中国已经创造了世 界上最大的人工林。 start 意为 “开 始”,是可数名词,结合句意可知,此处 特指开始植树造林,故应用定冠词 the。 7. has created 　 考查动词时态和主谓一 致。 句意同上。 分析句子结构可知, 所填词为句子的谓语动词,结合时间 状语 since the start of afforestation dec- ades ago 可知,句子应使用现在完成 时,主语是 China,助动词应用 has。 8. locals 　 考查可数名词复数。 句意:茂 密的森林也成为当地人的一项可观的 收入来源。 local 在这里意为 “当地 人”,是可数名词,结合语境可知,此处 应用其复数形式表示泛指。 9. was　 考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句 意:去年,中国林业和草原业产值约为 1. 22 万亿美元,林产品外贸额为 1 910 亿美元。 根据时间状语 Last year 可 知,句子应使用一般过去时,主语 the foreign trade volume of forest products 为单数概念, be 动词应用 was。 10. coverage 　 考查不可数名词。 句意: 根据一项长期计划,中国预计到 2035 年将森林覆盖率提高到 26%。 分析 可知,此处应用不可数名词 coverage 作定语,修饰后文名词 rate, forest coverage rate 意为“森林覆盖率”。 写作专练(四) A Ⅰ. 应用文写作 Dear teachers and fellow students, I feel privileged to give you a brief in- troduction to the activity themed “ showing filial respect for our parents” held in our school. As we all know, filial affection for parents is highly stressed in Chinese tradi- tional education. To deepen our under- standing of it, we are gathered here today to attend the activity. As scheduled, the activity consists of four parts, a themed speech, short drama performances, a photo show, and a painting exhibition, the spe- cific time of which has been listed on the noticeboard. I do hope we could have a meaningful and enjoyable experience. Thank you for your attendance. Ⅱ. 读后续写 “Are you sure you want to throw that out?” he asked. My throat twisted into a knot. “ It􀆳s broken,” I murmured. “That􀆳s a simple repair. Come. ” In their apart- ment,Mr Chen spread the broken pieces out like a jigsaw puzzle. After finding each match, he taught me to delicately rebuild the bowl, filling in the crack lines with a special paint. Finally, the bowl was to- gether again. I held it gently in the palm of my hand and admired it for long. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as before. I couldn􀆳t wait to show it to Mom and rushed back home. I brought the repaired bowl into her room. Obviously, she was more than sur- prised to see the bowl again. “ It􀆳s amazing!” She marveled, running her fin- gertip over the fixed cracks. “ Mr Chen helped me mend it. He is a superb crafts- man,” I said with a grin. “Definitely. Af- ter being repaired, it looks much stronger than before!” said Mom, smiling radiant- ly. I sat on the edge of her bed, and Mom reached out to me. Our hands joined with crisscrossed fingers, we both knew this was a new beginning. B Ⅰ. 应用文写作 Dear friends, I am more than delighted to have the chance to speak here on behalf of our school volleyball team from China. With our exchange program drawing to an end, I want to express our sincere gratitude to you for your kindness and gen- erosity. During our stay here, we were so thrilled to have participated in exciting vol- leyball competitions, inspiring lectures and wonderful field trips. Not only have we developed friendship, but also we have im- proved our culture awareness. So my dear friends, I want to tell you that this is just the beginning of our friend- ship. We believe that it will continue to flourish in the future. Thank you! Ⅱ. 读后续写 But I couldn􀆳t get my seventy-five- pound dog to get up. The harder I tried to scoop him up from the pavement, the more he fought me. The officer yelling and cars honking, I pulled him with all my might, but in vain. Finally, I got my arm under him and lifted him up in a fireman􀆳s carry, throwing him over my shoulder. As I stag- gered to the roadside, people around were taking my dog􀆳s side, laughing I was run- ning him too hard. I was fuming. My dog would run all day long and he wasn􀆳t the least bit tired. Another half-block of carrying him brought the answer—a moving garbage truck. Its sound must have hit my dog􀆳s sensitive ears, so he cried louder and clawed at my back as we drew closer to it. I held on tighter and ran as fast as I could to get my sweet baby dog away from that scary garbage truck. I ran with him on my shoulder until I felt him relaxed, and then I set him down. He wagged his tail in grati- tude for saving him from the garbage truck. Surely, we didn􀆳t win any medals, but I won his trust forever. 选择性必修第二册 课时作业 13　 HUMOUR Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了情感的秘密有哪些,包括情绪 情感的核心,以及如何更好控制它们,成 为情绪的盟友。 1. B　 推理判断题。 由第一段中的“At the core of an emotion...That􀆳s bad!”可 知,情绪的核心是对情感价值的主观 体验,后面举巧克力蛋糕和蜘蛛的例 子是为了论述这句话,表现情感的主 观体验。 故选 B 项。 2. C　 细节理解题。 由第三段中的“Our subjective valence of emotion... emotion disappear. ”可知,如果你只关注你现在 的感受,那么后果是情绪的整体情况 更容易被忽视。 故选 C 项。 3. C 　 词义猜测题。 由第四段中的 “ If you can slow down... so that fear dissi- pates. ”可知,如果你停止沉浸其中并 且培养好奇心,情感就会变得微妙和 不同,说明恐惧也会变化,变得不恐 惧,故可得出画线词所在句讲当恐惧 来临时,不要逃避来让恐惧消失。 dis- sipates 意为“消失”。 故选 C 项。 4. A　 主旨大意题。 由第二段中的“You can also learn a lot by appreciating their secret life. ”和最后一段中的“ Just al- low the full...or clinging. ”可知,文章主 要介绍了情感的秘密有哪些,包括情 绪情感的核心,以及如何更好控制它 们,成为情绪的盟友,A 项“情感的秘 密”符合文章主旨。 故选 A 项。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。 文章主 要论证了幽默感对我们人生的重要性, 包括政治上、社交上以及生活上等,另外 文章认为幽默感也是我们寻找伴侣的重 要指标,无论生活多么艰难,我们都要用 幽默相待。 5. B　 细节理解题。 根据第一段 Hobbes 的话“Laughter is nothing else but... far better than others. ”可知,Hobbes 不喜 欢幽默,因为他认为幽默是嘲笑别人 使自己开心的一种方式。 6. D 　 推理判断题。 根据第三段中的 “Without humour as a way to express their feelings, how would Americans be willing to support the election?” 以 及 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -580- 参 考 答 案　 “They make politics fun. ”可知,作者对 政治上的幽默是持赞成态度的。 7. B　 写作手法题。 根据第四段中的“On the topic of self-image,Hari Kondabolu stands out. ”可知,作者是通过举例子 的方式来论述社交幽默的。 8. D　 推理判断题。 根据最后两段的内 容可知,最后两段主要讲了作者决心 用幽默和微笑去面对生活中的不如意。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲 述了作者通过自身经历意识到青少年需 要辨别真假友情。 1. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:当我开 始分享一个有趣的故事时,我的朋友 伊丽莎白打断了我。 A. interrupted 中 断;B. mentioned 提及;C. greeted 欢迎; D. recognized 认可。 根据下文“‘Coco! Coco!’ she called out. ”可知是打断作 者的话。 2. B　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:“这 太奇怪了。”我想。 A. incredible 不可思 议的;B. odd 奇怪的;C. risky 冒险的; D. relaxing 令人放松的。 根据下文“ I felt a little bit uncomfortable. ”可知是 “奇怪的”。 3. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我以为 这是一个可爱男孩的暗语。 A. knew 知道;B. admitted 录取;C. recalled 回 忆,召回;D. assumed 以为,假设。 4. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:能和 她成为朋友我感到很幸运。 A. embar- rassed 尴 尬 的; B. guilty 有 罪 的; C. lucky 幸运的;D. ready 准备好的。 根据上文“Elizabeth was one of the girls that everyone wanted to be friends with. ”可知“我”觉得和伊丽莎白成为 朋友是“幸运的”。 5. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我从来 不会说那些关于某人的话,但为了融 入其中,伊丽莎白说这些话时我笑了。 A. quit 退出;B. sighed 叹息;C. laughed 大笑;D. complained 抱怨。 根据上文 “but to fit in”可知是用笑来附和。 6. B　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:有一 天,一位同学路过我的储物柜,对我 说:“‘Coco’的意思是伊丽莎白觉得你 很烦人。 这真的很刻薄。”A. mean 吝 啬的;B. annoying 令人讨厌的;C. un- fair 不公平的;D. dishonest 不诚实的。 根据下文“ It􀆳s really mean. ”可知空处 是“令人讨厌的”。 7. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我简直 不敢相信。 A. believe 相信;B. afford 负担得起;C. resist 反抗;D. make 制 造。 根 据 上 文 “ My eyes filled with tears. ”可知是不敢相信。 8. D 　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:第二 天,午餐时间,我坐在梅西身边,梅西 和另外两个女孩坐在一起,她看起来 一直很好,我祈祷她不知道 Coco 的 事。 A. ensuring 确保;B. suspecting 怀 疑;C. realizing 实现;D. praying 祈祷。 根据空后 “ that she didn􀆳t know about Coco”可知是“祈祷”。 9. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我的心 一沉。 A. broke 断裂; B. sank 沉没; C. softened 软化;D. melted 熔化。 根据 上文“ 　 8　 that she didn􀆳t know about Coco” 以及下文 “ She knew. ” 可知, “我”不想让梅西知道关于 Coco 的事, 但梅西却知道,当“我”意识到这一点 时,“我”的心一沉。 10. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:在我 回应之前,梅西说:“你不应该受到那 样的对待,其他人也不应该。”A. ex- pect 预期;B. deserve 应得;C. intend 打算,意图;D. refuse 拒绝。 根据下文 “nobody else does either” 可知,此处 指不应该受到那样的对待。 11. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:我笑 了,然后高兴地和我的新朋友们交 谈。 A. caution 注意; B. sympathy 同 情;C. delight 喜悦;D. regret 遗憾。 根 据上文“ I smiled”可知是高兴地交谈。 12. A 　 考查动词短语辨析。 句意:大多 数青少年都试图弄清楚自己是谁,想 成为什么样的人。 A. figure out 弄清 楚;B. care about 关心;C. count on 计 数;D. escape from 逃离。 根据下文 “who they are and who they want to be”可知是“弄清楚”。 13. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:“Co- co”这个词永远提醒我,我需要忠于 自己,永远不要为了和别人成为朋友 而牺牲我的价值观。 A. model 模型; B. inspiration 灵感;C. guarantee 担保; D. reminder 提醒。 根据下文 “ that I need to stay 　 14　 to myself and nev- er compromise my values to be friends with someone”可知,此处指“提醒”。 14. C　 考查固定搭配。 句意同上。 A. crit- ical 关键的;B. superior 高级的;C. true 真的;D. immune 免疫的。 固定搭配 be true to 意为“忠于”。 15. D 　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:因 为有了合适的朋友,我不必这么做。 A. new 新 的; B. smart 智 能 的; C. imaginary 假想的;D. right 对的,适 当的。 根据下文“ I won􀆳t have to”可 知选 D。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 有好的 幽默感会更讨人喜欢,文章主要介绍了 培养幽默感的几种方式。 1. D　 空前一句讲到了“有好的幽默感会 让你更讨人喜欢”,空后则讲到了培养 幽默感的一些建议,因此,空处应该会 承接上一句,继续讲述有幽默感的好 处,故 D 项“你还可能在工作中表现更 好”符合语境。 2. C　 本段的主旨句讲到了“让自己身边 充满幽默”。 空前讲到了让自己身边 充满幽默的三个活动。 故 C 项“这些 活动中充满了乐趣”能够承接上文,其 中的“There”呼应上文中提到的各种充 满乐趣的活动,故 C 项符合语境。 3. G　 本段主旨句讲到了“知道什么会逗 笑你”,空后一句讲到了“我们通过称 赞朋友们所做的改变来逗笑他们”,G 项“很多时候,我们说话纯粹是为了取 悦别人”能引出空后一句,且 G 项中的 “please”与空后一句中的 “ amuse” 呼 应,故 G 项符合语境。 4. B　 本段主旨句讲到了“考虑时机和听 众”,空前讲到的“ ...slow down. Simply speak slower... Try speaking at 60% - 70% of your usual rate. ”都是与说话的 节奏和方式相关的,故 B 项“在句与句 中间停顿”符合语境。 5. E　 空处为本段的主旨句,分析本篇文 章中其他段的主旨句的特点可知,符 合本空的选项为 A 和 E。 根据本段中 的 “ If you􀆳re in the middle of a bad joke, just end it. ”和“ ... it saves every- one time and patience. In the long run, they􀆳ll respect your taste. ”可知,本段主 要讲的是要知道什么时候该结束某些 玩笑以及这样做的好处,故 E 项符合 语境。 pull the plug on 意为“使……不 能继续,中断(停止)”。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了大运河以及其存在的意义。 1. but　 考查连词。 句意:今天,这条水道 比以前短了,但它仍然是世界上最长 的人工河。 分析句意可知,前后句之间 是转折关系,故用连词 but 连接。 2. Importantly　 考查副词。 句意:重要的 是,大运河继续为现代中国提供重要 的文化和经济的联系。 空格处在句中 作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。 3. when　 考查定语从句。 句意:最初的 运河系统大约始于公元 605 年,当时中 国的隋炀帝意识到他需要一种更好的 方式来运输食物和养活他的军队,所 以皇帝下令建造大运河的第一段,连 接现有的运河、湖泊和河流。 此处为 定语从句修饰先行词 the year 605 AD, 应用关系副词 when 引导,在从句中作 时间状语。 4. connecting　 考查非谓语动词。 句意同 上。 分析句子结构可知,句子谓语动 词是 ordered,提示词是非谓语动词,与 其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,应用现 在分词表主动,作伴随状语。 5. have been transported 　 考查动词时态 和语态。 句意:1 000 多年来,人们沿着 大运河运输货物。 空格处作谓语,根 据时间状语“For more than a thousand years” 可知,应用现在完成时,主语 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -581- hh
#4 goods 和谓语动词 transport 是被动关 系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。 6. between　 考查固定搭配。 句意:船只 继续在杭州和济宁之间运输大量的煤 炭、食 物 和 其 他 的 货 物。 between... and...是固定搭配,意为“在……和…… 之间”。 7. tourism　 考查名词。 句意:然而地方 政府渴望增加旅游和城市的发展,已 经拆毁了几乎所有运河边的老建筑。 根据 and 并列结构和 city development 是名词可知,空格处应填名词,故填 tourism,为不可数名词。 8. a　 考查冠词。 句意:2005 年一群公民 提议将历史悠久的大运河列入联合国 教科文组织世界遗产名录,希望这一 地位能够保护这条水道和它周围的建 筑。 site 为可数名词且发音以辅音音 素开头,需用不定冠词 a 修饰。 9. granted　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:随着 联合国教科文组织在 2014 年的官方认 定,这项世界上最伟大的工程成就将 在未来几个世纪继续连接中国的北方 和南方。 考查 with 的复合结构,空格 处应填非谓语动词形式,逻辑主语 UNESCO status 和 grant 之间是被动关 系,应用过去分词形式。 10. centuries　 考查可数名词的复数。 句 意同上。 根据空格前的介词 for 可 知,空格处应填名词作宾语, century 表示“世纪”为可数名词,上文没有限 制词,故应用复数形式。 课时作业 14　 EDUCATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展 的重要性,并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方 式和可能出现的问题。 同时,文章还提 供了一些建议和方法,帮助家长在幼儿 社交互动中发挥积极作用,培养他们的 同情心 和 表 达 能 力,让 他 们 学 会 发 展 友谊。 1. C 　 细节理解题。 根据第二段 “Re- search at Ohio State University in Co- lumbus found that a toddler􀆳s way of saying ‘ I like you’ during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend􀆳s behavior. ”可知,蹒跚学步的孩 子模仿玩伴的行为说明他们喜欢他 / 她,故选 C 项。 2. D 　 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 第 三 段 “ Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That􀆳s why it􀆳s so important to take an active role in your toddler􀆳s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them”可知,作者建议家长在孩 子的社交生活中设定限制,并且经常 提醒孩子们这些限制,也就是社交规 则,帮助孩子 理 解 社 交 规 则, 故 选 D 项。 3. A　 推理判断题。 根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (‘Ben is crying. What􀆳s making him so sad?’)” 以 及 “ then suggest how he could resolve the problem (‘Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball. ’)”可知,这些引用是通过举例说 明这两个建议:帮助孩子学会同情并 解决问题,故选 A 项。 4. C　 主旨大意题。 根据第一段“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ”和 第三段“Through play experiences, tod- dlers learn social rules. That􀆳s why it􀆳s so important to take an active role in your toddler􀆳s social encounters by set- ting limits and offering frequent remind- ers of what they are. ” 以及最后一段 “Another way to encourage healthy so- cial interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. ”可知,本文主要讲的是家长 如何帮助孩子学会爱,学会发展友谊, 故选 C 项。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。 尽管鼓 励学生在高中毕业后继续深造是一种高 尚而善意的行为,但美国现行的教育制 度却产生了一些副作用。 文章分别从学 费、学位价值、对经济结构带来的影响等 方面指出上大学的负面影响。 5. B　 推理判断题。 根据第二段可推知, 作者是通过给出数字来支持他在第二 段中的论点。 6. A　 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中“Al- though the price of acquiring a bachelor􀆳s degree has gone up, the rela- tive value of having the actual degree has been watered down by the fact that holding a degree is now an expectation, not a bonus. ”可知,Although 后的从句 部分强调获取学位的代价在攀升,所 以主句部分内容应与从句形成语义上 的对比,故可推断出学位的价值却在 “减少”,故画线词意思是“减少”。 7. C 　 细节理解题。 根据第四段 “ The push for students to go to college has also prevented them from considering careers in important fields that don􀆳t nec- essarily require a four-year degree, such as construction and manufacturing. ” 可 知,上大学的趋势让学生远离建筑等 行业。 8. D　 主旨大意题。 通读全文可知,文章 认为一味提倡年轻人去上大学会带来 负面影响,接着文章分别从学费、学位 价值、对经济结构带来的影响等方面 加以论证。 D 选项“为什么我们应该 重新考虑上大学”体现了本文的主旨 大意,适合作为文章标题。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章介 绍了肯·亨德里克斯作为一名屋顶承包 商,受他的父亲影响,决心把客户放在第 一位,而不是只看短期利益,后来他成功 创业,用自己的亲身经历来启发更多的 创业者。 1. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. confused 困惑的;B. envious 嫉妒的;C. mad 生 气的,不明智的;D. embarrassed 尴尬 的。 根据上文“was fed up with the aw- ful service”和“But”可知,亨德里克斯 受够了这种糟糕的服务,应该会气愤, 但是他并没有。 2. B 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. profit 利 益;B. distributor 经销商;C. account 账 户,客户;D. negotiator 谈判者。 根据全 文内容以及下文“made $183 million in sales”和“ understand what the customer needs”可知,ABC Supply 把商品销售 给客户,应该是经销商。 3. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. established 建立;B. recalled 记起;C. assumed 假 设;D. rejected 拒 绝。 根 据 上 文 “ he started his own company”可知,亨德里 克斯创办了自己的公司,所以这里表 示建立企业。 4. A　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. respect 尊 重;B. doubt 怀疑;C. education 教育; D. entertainment 娱乐。 根据上文“My dad was a hardworking, honest per- son...”以及“But”可知,亨德里克斯的 父亲是一位刻苦又诚实的人,这里表 示转折,说明他的父亲没有得到应有 的尊重。 5. D 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. compe- tence 能力,权限;B. panic 惊慌;C. de- cision 决定;D. attitude 态度。 根据上 文“Ken Hendricks was fed up with the awful service he was getting at home- building supply centers” 及下文 “They were 　 6　 in one thing: selling some- thing. ”可知,提供建筑材料的企业一 心只为卖货赚钱,这种态度也扩展到 了承包商身上。 6. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. honest 诚实的;B. fortunate 幸运的;C. interest- ed 感兴趣的;D. experienced 有经验的。 根据下文 “ determined to put the cus- tomer first”可知,和亨德里克斯把客户 放在第一位的态度不同,其他企业和 承包商只对卖东西感兴趣。 7. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. existed 存 在;B. worked 奏效,产生 …… 作用; C. decreased(使)减少;D. happened 发 生。 根据上文“They were 　 6　 in one thing:selling something. ”可知,其他企 业和承包商只对卖东西感兴趣,对产 品是否起到作用并不关心。 8. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. skill 技巧; B. investment 投资; C. proposal 提案; D. lesson 教训。 根据本段内容可知,亨 德里克斯把其他企业和承包商逐利的 行为当成一个教训来提醒自己。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -582-