课时作业11 Success-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

选择性必修第一册　 3 课时作业 11　 SUCCESS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·广东潮阳模拟) A British woman, Dr Mantri, growing up in India started to notice his son, Dhruv, was struggling with simple arithmetic when he was in the fifth grade. After noticing this, she started employing an abacus ( 算 盘 ) to help her son visually comprehend mathematics. “ I would ask him something like 35 minus 13 and he couldn􀆳t do it,” said Dhruv􀆳s mom Dr Mantri. “ I decided to change the way he looked at numbers,” she said. “ An abacus is a tried and tested method, and the Egyptians used it for building the pyramid. ” In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus and would go on to become a whizz kid with numbers, with even his classmates􀆳 parents reaching out for help. She never thought she would teach her son using an abacus, which she used as a child in India and it was always helpful. Within six days she started to notice a difference and see results. So dramatic was the turnaround, that school staff asked him to perform with the abacus at an assembly, where some parents even came to ask for advice on using it for their kids. IT specialist Dr Mantri said the humble abacus can be used for calculations into the trillions and kids enjoy learning on it because it􀆳s like a game. “ It becomes a playing tool for younger children, for it feels like a game. I think the success comes because children can touch and feel an abacus and visualize it,” she added. By the age of 12, Dhruv was giving online cyber-security seminars and is now pursuing a career in data science and analytics. Dhruv has now landed an apprenticeship ( 实 习 ) at an international firm. During the four-year apprenticeship, he will spend one day a week studying Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at Glasgow Caledonian University. “He is so confident now and I am so proud,” she said, with Dhruv adding “ I don􀆳t think my teachers would have guessed that I would be following a career in data science at that time. ” 1. Why did Dhruv have difficulty in learning mathematics? A. He was faced with a language barrier. B. He didn􀆳t find a proper way. C. He suffered from eyesight problems. D. He lacked academic support from the family. 2. What does the underlined word “ whizz ” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Careful. B. Diligent. C. Outstanding. D. Struggling. 3. Why do kids like learning on the abacus according to the text? A. They find it appealing. B. They can calculate faster. C. They enjoy playing games. D. They are eager for success. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Dhruv was addicted to the Internet at 12. B. Dhruv is teaching data science and analytics now. C. Dhruv is a full-time student at Glasgow Caledonian University. D. Dhruv􀆳s career choice was beyond his teachers􀆳 expectation. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -465- hh
#4 # (2023·湖北十堰模拟) The most typical definition of success is “ the accomplishment of an aim or a purpose” or what most of us have heard: “the attainment of popularity or profits”. But is success really defined by purposes or profits? After graduating from high school, my family advised me to aim to build a successful career. My options were narrowed down to becoming a doctor or choosing a field in engineering. So I graduated with a chemical engineering degree. I was advised to aim for graduate studies, and in less than two years, I had a highly specialized degree in plastics engineering from one of the most reputable universities in the US. Then I found a corporate job, performed well in the organization, climbed up the ladder, and made a bigger pay cheque with every new title. My proud parents told my story to the rest of the family and friends as a “ success” story. No matter where we live in the world, we all have our own versions of success. Our families take pride in telling the world how successful we are in our profession, and often the only measure of that success becomes the financial wealth we accumulate. In a world where everything is reflected by numbers—the likes on Facebook, the number of views on YouTube, etc. —every aspect of our life is being taken over by numbers. We are conditioned to believe that the stronger your financial standing, the higher you rank on the success chart. But remember the words, “aim” or “purpose”, in the definition of success. Altruistic figures such as Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. also lived successful lives but had selfless concern over the well-being of others. While the rest of the world focused on accumulating wealth, they focused on giving, doing, and creating for everyone else. Wealth alone never will be the measure of success. Think beyond profits. No promotion or pay raise I ever received in my professional career was because of my deep desire to obtain a better title or higher pay;instead, it was based on the excellence I created in the experience our customers had with the organization. 5. What do you know about the author? A. He has lived up to his family􀆳s expectations. B. He asks his parents for advice on everything. C. He doesn􀆳t like his job though he is well paid. D. He wanted to be a doctor but became a chemical engineer. 6. What􀆳s the common awareness of success around the world? A. Social connections. B. Contributions to society. C. The accumulation of financial wealth. D. The accomplishment of personal dreams. 7. What does the underlined word “Altruistic” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Of abundant wealth. B. Of few achievements. C. Devoted to others􀆳 welfare. D. Focused on personal well-being. 8. What inspiration can be drawn from the author􀆳s working experience? A. Change jobs frequently for higher pay. B. Aim at providing quality service at work. C. Take every chance to get promotion. D. Focus on making profits from the customers. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -466- 选择性必修第一册　 3 Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·浙江嘉兴模拟) My mother, Donzella Washington, 80, graduated from Alabama A&M University on Dec. 6 with a bachelor􀆳s degree in social work. Along with her 　 1　 achievements, she made history as the oldest 　 2　 in the history of Alabama A& M University. My parents had been living on a farm in California. My mother said that her 　 3　 behind going back to school was my father, Jeff, who was her biggest 　 4　 . He supported everything she did, 　 5　 returning to school. Although my father did not have a traditional college education, he knew the 　 6　 of gaining one. My mother wanted to finish her 　 7　 in his honor. However, my father 　 8　 in 2010, and my mother 　 9　 to Alabama to live with me two years later. The most challenging part was 　 10　 her when she was missing my father badly. Those moments when she cried, all I could do was hold her and love her. I had seen my mother 　 11　 from great sadness over my father􀆳s death and struggle to achieve her education dream. And I was very 　 12　 to be there to witness her final success. Now, my mother says she is not slowing down so soon. She􀆳s even 　 13　 going back to school to obtain her master􀆳s degree. She 　 14　 to inspire and motivate others that 　 15　 is not a barrier. When it comes to pursuing your dreams, it􀆳s never too late to achieve them. 1. A. academic B. political C. musical D. scientific 2. A. servant B. librarian C. professor D. graduate 3. A. possibility B. motivation C. excuse D. pressure 4. A. educator B. examiner C. instructor D. supporter 5. A. especially B. similarly C. generally D. usually 6. A. purpose B. chance C. value D. difficulty 7. A. degree B. task C. housework D. speech 8. A. showed up B. passed away C. set off D. fell ill 9. A. hurried B. rushed C. returned D. moved 10. A. commenting B. ignoring C. comforting D. reminding 11. A. learn B. recover C. escape D. keep 12. A. proud B. patient C. brave D. curious 13. A. enjoying B. considering C. regretting D. imagining 14. A. fails B. hesitates C. expects D. chooses 15. A. knowledge B. wealth C. health D. age Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2024·福建莆田期末) Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do. Only what he has to do is keep doing and doing without being discouraged. Success will come someday or other, though it may apparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done. 　 1　 But the reality is that man􀆳s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. It is because our life is complicated and tough. And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work is a must. 　 2　 We 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -467- hh
#4 can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and the history of man􀆳s success. Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do. What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years􀆳 constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little. 　 3　 It is only for his undefeated perseverance that we have been able to have many inventions and discoveries. 　 4　 He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous voyage on the sea. He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America. This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever. All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance. 　 5　 If we all are perseverant in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful nation in the near future. A. Every action has its reaction. B. It is a unique precondition to success in life. C. In human life, perseverance plays a very important role. D. Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us. E. Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance. F. The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy. G. He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·河南信阳高级中学模拟) Cheerleading (啦啦队) is the fastest growing girls􀆳 sport, yet more than half of Americans do not believe it is a sport. In addition, they fail 　 1　 (distinguish) between sideline cheerleaders and competitive ones. Sideline cheerleaders􀆳 main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not 　 2　 (consider) a sport. A sport, according to the Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors, 　 3　 (be) a “physical competition and its primary purpose is a comparison of the relative skills of the participants”. So competitive cheerleading is a sport. The whole routine has to be completed in less than three minutes and 15 seconds 　 4　 the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Competitive cheerleaders􀆳 goal is to be the 　 5　 ( good ) . Just like gymnasts, they are awarded points for difficulty, technique, creativity and sharpness. The more difficult a stunt (动作), the sharper the motions, 　 6　 better the score. Cheerleading is a team sport so 　 7　 cooperation, first place is out of reach. Competitive cheerleading is a physical activity that is governed by rules under 　 8　 a winner can be declared and its primary purpose is to compare the skills of participants. 　 9　 ( hopeful ), cheerleading will become as well-known a sport as football and basketball, and even appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those 　 10　 ( involve) in the more accepted sports. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -468- 选择性必修第一册　 3 课时作业 12　 CONSERVATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·河北邯郸模拟) When put to tests, bees have long proved that they􀆳ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授 粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play. Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激) to do so. ” Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free. The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insects􀆳 minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals ( 哺 乳 动 物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study. The study􀆳s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “ They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says. 1. What is the new finding about bees? A. They are fond of having fun. B. They are faithful to the queen. C. They are adaptable to changes. D. They are skilled at rolling balls. 2. How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment? A. By teaching bees new tricks. B. By rewarding bees with food. C. By making bees feel at home. D. By building new homes for bees. 3. What are Lars Chittka􀆳s words mainly about? A. The forms of bees􀆳 interaction. B. The complexity of bees􀆳 minds. C. The examples of mammals􀆳 play. D. The purpose of mammals􀆳 enjoyment. 4. What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result? A. It backs up prior understanding of insects. B. It reveals reasons for bees􀆳 positive feelings. C. It drives research on animals􀆳 emotional state. D. It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -469- hh
#4 # (2023·山东德州模拟) When floods destroyed Bangkok more than a decade ago, Thai landscape architect Voraakhom became determined to help her sinking hometown fight this deadly climate threat. “ For us, climate change is primarily a water crisis,” she said. The architect integrates nature and water into her designs to create landscapes that help ease flooding and add greenery to densely populated cities. “To date, Thailand has tried to tackle its flooding problem by building higher and higher dams,” she said, arguing that this is the wrong approach and a solution based on fear. “The central question sinking cities like Bangkok need to focus on is how we are going to live with the water, without fear. ” One of Voraakhom􀆳s most innovative designs is Centenary Park, which stores large amounts of rainwater and prevents the surrounding streets from flooding. Voraakhom also created Asia􀆳s largest rooftop farm, Siam Green Sky, which recycles food waste from restaurants in the building below and uses it as plant fertilizer. The farm also slows down and stores large amounts of rainwater. Inspired by Thailand􀆳s traditional agricultural practices, the architect created a landscape which allows rainwater to pour into the herb gardens. A research fellow at the Stockholm Environment Institute, Diane Archer said, “ For Voraakhom􀆳s urban green spaces, not only are they designed to tackle flooding by acting as water storage spaces, but they contribute to cleaning the air and providing essential green oases in our concrete jungle, so important for mental and physical health. Even at a small scale, these parks are beneficial to the residents, and we could do with more. ” Voraakhom􀆳s designs and the lessons are now expanding beyond Thailand. “ Green climate- adapted areas are a good long-term investment for cities,” she said, “ and the best solution for the next generation. ” 5. How does Voraakhom help cities with a large population to address flooding? A. By building higher and higher dams. B. By countering the fear of residents. C. By painting landscapes for the cities. D. By using nature and water in her design. 6. What is food waste in Siam Green Sky used to do? A. To store rainwater. B. To fertilize herb gardens. C. To create a landscape. D. To be recycled by restaurants. 7. What does Archer think of Voraakhom􀆳s designs? A. They benefit the health of citizens. B. They discover green oases in cities. C. They become the biggest air cleaner. D. They increase concrete storage in cities. 8. What is the best title for the text? A. Agricultural practices in Thailand B. Thailand􀆳s efforts in tackling flooding C. The work principle of the rooftop farm D. An architect helping sinking cities fight flooding Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟) Allen Minish was alone when he saw a large brown bear walking about 30 feet away. The bear 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -470- 选择性必修第一册　 3 closed the ground between them in a few seconds and tried to 　 1　 him. Minish hid behind the trees 　 2　 . But that didn􀆳t stop the bear. As the bear 　 3　 , he held up the 　 4　 end of a pole and pushed it toward the bear to keep it away from him. The bear simply swept it to the side and the 　 5　 of the blow knocked Minish to the ground. “As it got on top of me, I used my hands to pull it away,” Minish said, explaining why he got a wound in his 　 6　 . “But he took a big bite that broke the bones and 　 7　 my right hand basically. ” When the bear let go of his hand, Minish stopped 　 8　 and lay flat on the ground and put his hands over his head. 　 9　 that Minish was dead, the bear just walked away. “ I realized I was in pretty 　 10　 shape because I had all this blood everywhere,” he said. He called 911 on his cellphone. While he was 　 11　 , he pulled off his T-shirt and wrapped it around his hand in an attempt to stop the 　 12　 . Before help arrived, he worried about the bear returning to 　 13　 him off. But every time Minish looked around, there was no bear in 　 14　 . “ I guess I was lucky,” Minish said. “But I have learned a lesson. I should have had a 　 15　 . I will not go there alone anymore. ” 1. A. feed B. meet C. copy D. attack 2. A. quickly B. playfully C. accidentally D. secretly 3. A. disappeared B. refused C. neared D. danced 4. A. dead B. sharp C. far D. opposite 5. A. force B. sound C. speed D. wave 6. A. head B. hand C. shoulder D. leg 7. A. saved B. used C. damaged D. cured 8. A. giving in B. running away C. waking up D. fighting back 9. A. Hoping B. Assuming C. Seeing D. Admitting 10. A. bad B. amazing C. strange D. special 11. A. crying B. hunting C. struggling D. waiting 12. A. sweat B. water C. bleeding D. oil 13. A. put B. finish C. set D. break 14. A. time B. need C. fact D. sight 15. A. company B. gun C. knife D. coach Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·江苏扬州中学模拟) What makes a work of architecture great? Most people would argue that aesthetics ( 美感) are the most important. 　 1　 However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure. The Rostonville Library in my city is a great example of Vitruvius􀆳s principles. Constructed entirely of granite—a hard and tough stone, the library is durable. It can withstand environmental pollution. For example, it is resistant to acid rain. Moreover, its granite structure is stable so it􀆳s more likely to survive an 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -471- hh
#4 earthquake. 　 2　 It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling. 　 3　 Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design— there are no inner walls or dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it􀆳s easy to see and get to each department within the library. Finally, the library is beautiful, with aesthetically pleasing details both inside and out. The large windows are copper-framed(铜框的) . The copper color provides an interesting contrast against the color of the granite structure and it will remain as the copper ages. Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the building, adds to the aesthetics of the building. 　 4　 Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow Vitruvius􀆳s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. 　 5　 A. The library is also sustainable. B. It is true that beauty is critical. C. This is not the only concern of the architects. D. The library was designed with functionality in mind. E. It softens the lines of the structure and helps it to fit into its natural surroundings. F. Plus, the library was built on the edge of the city park, surrounded by native plants. G. Buildings that fulfill these criteria offer both peace of mind and beauty for their users. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·重庆模拟) Spring is the season for new life. In China, the peak time for spring plowing and sowing is around the Qingming Festival, which falls 　 1　 Wednesday this year, when people from all walks of life go out and plant trees 　 2　 (make) the land greener. From top leaders to ordinary citizens, 　 3　 (plant) trees has been a widespread practice for the Chinese, 　 4　 voluntarily take part in the country􀆳s massive greening efforts 　 5　 (year) to show just how much the world􀆳s second-largest economy values greenness and ecological conservation. Since 　 6　 start of afforestation (植树造林) decades ago, China 　 7　 ( create) the world􀆳s largest planted forests. Thick forests have also become a substantial source of income for 　 8　 ( local) . Last year, the output value of China􀆳s forestry and grassland industry reached about 1. 22 trillion dollars, while the foreign trade volume of forest products 　 9　 ( be) 191 billion dollars. Green development with both ecological and economic benefits is a highlight and distinctive feature of Chinese modernization. Under a long-term plan, China expects to increase its forest 　 10　 ( cover ) rate to 26 percent by 2035. By then, China􀆳s forest stock volume will rise to 21 billion cubic meters. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -472- 选择性必修第一册　 3 写作专练(四) " Ⅰ. 应用文写作 (2023·江苏徐州模拟) 假如你是校学生会主席李华,你校将举行以 “孝敬父母”为主题的系列活动。 请为这次活动 写一篇开幕词,内容包括: 1. 活动目的; 2. 活动内容; 3. 预祝活动圆满成功。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 提示词:孝敬 show filial respect for 　 　 　 　 Ⅱ. 读后续写 (2023·福建福州三中模拟) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头 语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Everything about moving day was a puzzle. I didn􀆳t know anything about our new building on a new street. Our old life was broken into pieces and packed up in piled boxes. I wondered if it would ever fit back together again. Mom introduced me to our new neighbors, the Chens. Mrs Chen worked with Mom at the job she􀆳d just started. Mr Chen was a famous craftsman (匠人) from China. Mom said it was a fresh start, but it felt broken to me. I just wanted things to go back to how they had been before. After the first day at my new school, I walked home alone. Mom had told me she had to work. I was still hoping she􀆳d meet me after the bell. I had to open the door myself with the new key. I felt a bit hungry and went straight into the kitchen, ripping tape from the packed boxes while I searched for a clean plate. My fingers slipped, and something went crashing to the ground. “Benjamin!” cried Mom from the doorway. I didn􀆳t hear her come in. “What just broke?” she asked, kneeling to pick up the pieces. In her hands, I recognized the shattered pieces. It was Grandma􀆳s bowl. “ I can􀆳t believe you broke this,” she said. “Well, I can􀆳t believe we have to live here now! I can􀆳t believe I have to switch schools, and I can􀆳t believe you didn􀆳t even meet me after my first day!” I ran into my room, slamming the door behind me. The broom swept across the kitchen floor. Then the click of Mom􀆳s bedroom door closed behind her. I sneaked out into the kitchen and found the fragments in the dustbin. There were so many pieces in here, but maybe I could put them back together. Turning the pieces, I tried to match them, but this bowl would never look the same again. “ I􀆳m sorry I yelled,” said Mom, as she opened her door. “ Please just throw out the pieces. We can􀆳t make a fresh start with broken things. ” As I wandered down the hall, Mr Chen was emptying his garbage. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 “Are you sure you want to throw that out?” he asked. 　 　 　 　 I brought the repaired bowl into her room. 　 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -473- hh
#4 # Ⅰ. 应用文写作 (2023·湖北武汉模拟) 假设你是学校排球队长,即将结束在国外中 学的交流访问,你将代表球队在答谢宴会上致 辞。 请你准备一篇答谢辞,内容包括: 1. 感谢接待; 2. 你们的收获; 3. 表达祝愿。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Dear friends, 　 　 　 　 Ⅱ. 读后续写 (2023·湖南益阳模拟) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头 语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I adopted him, he had been rescued from death inside a tightly tied black trash bag abandoned right beside a garbage truck on the road. An alert garbage man noticed the bag moving and used a metal rake (耙子) to tear open the bag to look inside. There was my shaking puppy dog. The rake damaged the nerves in his back so he limped a little, but he could run as fast as lightning. For my dog􀆳s first birthday, I entered him in a fun run sponsored by our local Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( SPCA) . I􀆳m not much of a runner, but the run was only 3 kilometers, so I thought it would be fun for both of us. We practiced for weeks. On our practice runs, he was always eager to go and usually dragged me along behind him. I worked on his leash (拴狗链) manners so that he wouldn􀆳t trip me on the big day. I felt we were ready for anything. The fun run was downtown among the big buildings, so the noise of barking dogs all around us rose to a deafening pitch at the start of the race. My dog was frightened when the starting tone went off. He had trouble running in the right direction with all the confusion around us. Soon the runners began to thin out, and my dog was running straight and fast. We were passing people and making great time. I was dreaming of a gold-medal finish. However, when we were six blocks from the finish, my dog suddenly stopped and dropped to the ground like a sack of potatoes. I almost dislocated my shoulder from the sudden stop as I was pulled backward by the leash. He was lying flat on his belly with his head down in the middle of the crossroads. At first I thought something bad had happened to him. He was shaking and sobbing. I did a quick check and couldn􀆳t see anything wrong. I tried to get him up, but he refused. The police officer doing traffic control impatiently signed me to move away so he could release the cars. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 But I couldn􀆳t get my seventy-five-pound dog to get up. 　 　 　 　 　 　 Another half-block of carrying him brought the answer—a moving garbage truck. 　 　 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -474- 选择性必修第二册　 3 　 选择性必修第二册 课时作业 13　 HUMOUR Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·江苏南京模拟) Your emotion helps you make sense of the world. At the core of an emotion is a subjective experience of the valence of it—what emotion scientists call “ affect ” ( 情 感 ) . Generally speaking, “ affect” is what we are most focused on. Do you have chocolate cake in front of you? That􀆳s good! Do you see a spider on the table? That􀆳s bad! Your affective reactions tell you which experiences are desirable, and which aren􀆳t, but the total emotional experience includes all you do and think. You can learn a lot by observing and describing them. You can also learn a lot by appreciating their secret life. The problem is: the affective features of emotions tend to dominate. Our subjective valence of emotion is almost all we can see. When emotions are only about what is pleasant or unpleasant in subjective experience right now, the more important features of emotion disappear. If you can slow down and expand; if you stop running or clinging (沉浸其中) and adopt a sense of curiosity, emotions become more subtle and different. When fear comes up, don􀆳t walk away so that fear dissipates. Instead, stay. Allow yourself to feel the nervousness, the sweating, and everything else that comes along with it. It is one of the hardest things to do in life, but it􀆳s also one of the most rewarding. If you run, you are telling basic parts of your brain, “ I guess this threat really was real. I better stay away from it. ” You are training yourself to fear, regardless of that situation. If you cling, you are saying, “ The escape from this emotion is a threat”, and since it is not a happy experience, happiness slips through your hands like sand. Note that you can not fool yourself. Just allow the full emotion. You will never enter into their secret life until you stop running or clinging. To control your life, you need to actively train your emotions to be your ally ( 同 盟 ) . Observe. Describe. Appreciate. Do that and you may find you have allies for healthy living that were there all along. 1. Why does the author mention “ chocolate cake” and “spider” in paragraph 1? A. To explain the complex response of emotions. B. To show the subjective experience of emotions. C. To indicate the goodness and badness of the world. D. To emphasize the significance of emotions in life. 2. What is the consequence if you just focus on your present feelings? A. The present feelings are less obvious. B. The subjective emotions are less powerful. C. The overall picture of emotions is easier to ignore. D. The observation and description of emotions are easier. 3. What does the underlined word “ dissipates” in paragraph 4 probably refer to? A. Deepens. B. Spreads. C. Disappears. D. Sticks. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -475- hh
#4 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The secret of emotions. B. The subjective experience. C. The importance of allies in life. D. Magical functions of emotions. # (2023·重庆育才中学模拟) A culture􀆳s values can be mirrored by its humour. Humour has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes, who, in“On Nature”, disliked humour. “ Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from a sudden thought of feeling far better than others. ” He thought humour to be a negative quality of human narrow- mindedness. However, Mordechai Gordon, PhD of Education, insists, “Humour allows us to view the world from an angle that is amusing rather than serious. ” I agree with Gordon. Learning to look at the world through humour is important. In the United States, every four years an election occurs. Without humour as a way to express their feelings, how would Americans be willing to support the election? Television shows like The Daily Show have become important parts of American culture. They are mothering the masses by unconsciously inputting politics into our mouths. They make politics fun. Of course, politics is only one type of humour. Social humour helps people through the twists and turns of the human condition. American pop culture promotes an unhealthy self-image. On the topic of self-image,Hari Kondabolu stands out. He has a joke about the popular musical group The Pussycat Dolls, describing their hit song Don􀆳t Cha as a negative representation of women. He points out an obvious offence in American culture. A study from Loyola University of Maryland has shown that humour is one determining factor for selecting a mating partner. Amongst other things, mates look for an outstanding funny bone in a potential partner. Of course, humour is not always used for good purposes. Humour can be linked to vulgarity (粗俗) and racism, but, like everything else, it has potential to unite human beings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves, our failures and our connection with one another. Though life may seem tough and depressing at times, all I have to do is look in the mirror at my increased wrinkles (皱纹) to know that there is a comedy out there that even Chaplin wasn􀆳t aware of. With that in mind, remember to laugh with humanity and sometimes at humanity. 5. Hobbes believes that humour 　 　 　 　 . A. resulted in narrow-mindedness of human beings B. was only a way to laugh at others to make oneself feel better C. had the power to mirror personal glory and national values D. was for people to view the world from another angle 6. What is the author􀆳s attitude towards political humour? A. Worried. B. Disappointed. C. Curious. D. Appreciative. 7. The fourth paragraph is developed mainly 　 　 　 　 . A. by process B. by example C. by comparison D. by classification 8. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Chaplin wasn􀆳t aware of being laughed at. B. The author feels helpless and sad about getting older. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -476- 选择性必修第二册　 3 C. Never be the one who laughs at other people. D. The author is determined to face life with a sense of humour. Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·重庆巴蜀中学模拟) I was talking to some friends while standing in line in the cafeteria at my middle school. As I started to share a funny story, my friend Elizabeth 　 1　 me. “ Coco! Coco!” she called out. Everyone laughed. “This is so 　 2　 . ” I thought. I felt a little bit uncomfortable. However, I never wanted to ask what “Coco” meant. I 　 3　 it was a code word for a cute boy. Elizabeth was one of the girls that everyone wanted to be friends with. I felt 　 4　 to be friends with her. Later, I noticed that Elizabeth often said bad things about other kids. I would have never said those things about someone, but to fit in, I 　 5　 when Elizabeth said them. One day, a classmate stopped by my locker and said to me,“‘Coco’ means Elizabeth thinks you􀆳re being 　 6　 . It􀆳s really mean. ” My eyes filled with tears. I couldn􀆳t 　 7　 it. The next day, at lunchtime, I sat beside Macy, who was sitting with another two girls and who had always seemed nice, 　 8　 that she didn􀆳t know about Coco. “You know Elizabeth is mean, right?” My heart 　 9　 . She knew. Before I could respond, Macy said, “You didn􀆳t 　 10　 to be treated that way, and nobody else does either. ” I smiled and then talked to my new friends with 　 11　 . We laughed a lot, and no one interrupted with a mean code word. Most adolescents are attempting to 　 12　 who they are and who they want to be. The word “Coco” will always serve as a(n) 　 13　 that I need to stay 　 14　 to myself and never compromise my values to be friends with someone. Because with 　 15　 friends, I won􀆳t have to. 1. A. interrupted B. mentioned C. greeted D. recognized 2. A. incredible B. odd C. risky D. relaxing 3. A. knew B. admitted C. recalled D. assumed 4. A. embarrassed B. guilty C. lucky D. ready 5. A. quit B. sighed C. laughed D. complained 6. A. mean B. annoying C. unfair D. dishonest 7. A. believe B. afford C. resist D. make 8. A. ensuring B. suspecting C. realizing D. praying 9. A. broke B. sank C. softened D. melted 10. A. expect B. deserve C. intend D. refuse 11. A. caution B. sympathy C. delight D. regret 12. A. figure out B. care about C. count on D. escape from 13. A. model B. inspiration C. guarantee D. reminder 14. A. critical B. superior C. true D. immune 15. A. new B. smart C. imaginary D. right Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·湖北武汉模拟) Having a good sense of humor makes you more likeable. 　 1　 . Here􀆳s how you can develop your sense of humor. ·Surround Yourself with Humor You learn more effectively when you fully 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -477- hh
#4 expose yourself to a subject. Similarly, you can improve your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with humor. Watch stand-up comedians. Listen to programs that amuse you. Read humorous books. 　 2　 . ·Learn What Amuses You 　 3　 . We amuse our friends by praising a change they made. However, when it comes to being funny, don􀆳t change your sense of humor to amuse other people. Instead, start with what amuses you. Then, if you think the other person will also be amused by it, share it with them. ·Think About Timing and the Audience You don􀆳t have to be funny all the time, so don􀆳t expect that of yourself. When you catch yourself trying to be funny, slow down. Simply speak slower so you􀆳re not as likely to stop and repeat yourself. Try speaking at 60% - 70% of your usual rate. 　 4　 . ·　 5　 You don􀆳t need to seize every single opportunity to be funny. If you􀆳re in the middle of a bad joke, just end it. “You know what—now that I􀆳m telling it, it􀆳s not as funny as it sounded in my head” can be a bit of an awkward end and hurt your pride a little bit, but it saves everyone time and patience. In the long run, they􀆳ll respect your taste. A. Be Creative, Not Silly B. Pause in between sentences C. There􀆳s a lot of fun out there D. You might also do better at work E. Know When to Pull the Plug on Yourself F. You can also try your hand in the real world G. A lot of times, we say things purely to please others 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·浙江绍兴模拟) The power of Chinese emperors rose and fell with their control of the Grand Canal. Today, this waterway is shorter than it was once, 　 1　 it is still the longest man-made river in the world. 　 2　 ( important), the Grand Canal continues to provide a vital cultural and economic link for modern China. The original Canal system began around the year 605 AD, 　 3　 China􀆳s emperor Yang realized that he needed a better way to move food and feed his army, so the emperor ordered the construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, 　 4　 ( connect) those existing canals, lakes and rivers. For more than a thousand years, goods 　 5　 ( transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the country􀆳s watery highway plays an important economic role in China. Boats continue to carry tons of coal, food and other goods 　 6　 Hangzhou and Jining. However, local governments eager to increase 　 7　 ( tour) and city development have torn down almost all of the older canal-side buildings. In 2005 a group of citizens proposed that the historic Grand Canal be made 　 8　 UNESCO world heritage site, hoping this status would protect both the waterway and the architecture around it. With UNESCO status officially 　 9　 ( grant ) in 2014, the world􀆳s greatest engineering accomplishments continue to link north and south China for 　 10　 (century) to come. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -478- 参 考 答 案　 了。 此处用名词作介词 in 的宾语,表 示“受欢迎”。 10. beneficial　 考查形容词。 句意:这一 趋势可以被视为有益的,因为它激励 了社会上更多的人想要学习更多关 于刺绣的知识。 结合句意可知,此处 表示“有益的”,故用形容词形式。 课时作业 11　 SUCCESS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述了一位英国女性 Mantri 用算盘帮 助不擅长数学的儿子取得进步的故事。 1. B 　 推理判断题。 由本文第二段中的 关键句“ I decided to change the way he looked at numbers”可知,Mantri 决定改 变儿子看待数字的方式。 由此可以推 断,Dhruv 学 习 数 学 的 方 法 可 能 有 问题。 2. C 　 词义猜测题。 由本文第二段中的 关键句 “ In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus and would go on to become a whizz kid with numbers, with even his classmates􀆳 par- ents reaching out for help. ”可知,此处 指 Dhruv 在使用算盘后成为数字方面 的能手, whizz 意为 “优秀的, 出色 的”,与 “Outstanding (杰出的)” 意思 相近。 3. A　 推理判断题。 由本文倒数第二段 的内容可知,孩子喜欢用算盘学习是 因为它就像一个游戏,对孩子来说有 吸引力。 4. D　 推理判断题。 由本文最后一段中 的关键句 “ I don􀆳t think my teachers would have guessed that I would be fol- lowing a career in data science at that time. ”可知, Dhruv 的职业选择超出了 老师们的预期。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 作者以 自己 的 经 历 告 诉 了 我 们 成 功 的 真 正 含义。 5. A 　 细节理解题。 根据第二段 “My proud parents told my story to the rest of the family and friends as a ‘ success’ story. ”可知,作者达到了家人的期望。 6. C 　 细节理解题。 根据第一段 “ The most typical definition of success is ‘ the accomplishment of an aim or a purpose’ or what most of us have heard: ‘ the at- tainment of popularity or profits’ . ”及第 三段“Our families take pride in telling the world how successful we are in our profession, and often the only measure of that success becomes the financial wealth we accumulate. ”可知,世界各地 成功的共同意识是金融财富的积累。 7. C　 词义猜测题。 根据第三段“Altruis- tic figures such as Mother Teresa,Ma- hatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. also lived successful lives but had selfless concern over the well-being of others. ”和常识可知,特蕾莎修女、圣雄 甘地和马丁·路德·金都是利他主义 人物,他们过着成功的生活,却无私地 关心他人的福祉。 故画线词意为“利 他的”。 8. B　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段“No promotion or pay raise I ever received in my professional career was because of my deep desire to obtain a better title or higher pay;instead, it was based on the excellence I created in the experience our customers had with the organization. ”可 知,从作者的工作经历中可以看出,他 旨在提供优质的工作服务。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 80 岁的 Donzella Washington 从阿拉巴马农工大 学毕业,获得了社会工作学士学位。 除 了学术成就,她还创造了历史———成为 阿拉巴马农工大学历史上年龄最大的毕 业生。 1. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. academ- ic 学术的;B. political 政治的;C. musi- cal 音乐的;D. scientific 科学的。 由上 文的 “My mother, Donzella Washing- ton, 80, graduated from Alabama A&M University on Dec. 6 with a bachelor􀆳s degree in social work. ”可知,作者母亲 在大 学 里 获 得 了 学 术 成 就。 故 选 A 项。 2. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. servant 仆 人;B. librarian 图书管理员;C. professor 教授;D. graduate 大学毕业生。 由上文 的“My mother, Donzella Washington, 80, graduated from Alabama A&M Uni- versity on Dec. 6 with a bachelor􀆳s de- gree in social work. ”可知,作者母亲是 阿拉巴马农工大学的毕业生。 故选 D 项。 3. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. possibility 可能性;B. motivation 动机;C. excuse 借口;D. pressure 压力。 由下文的“My mother wanted to finish her 　 7　 in his honor. ”和“ struggle to achieve her edu- cation dream”可知,作者母亲重返学校 是有动机的。 故选 B 项。 4. D 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. educator 教育者;B. examiner 审查人;C. instruc- tor 导师;D. supporter 支持者。 由下文 的“He supported everything she did”可 知,作者的父亲 Jeff 始终是母亲最大 的支持者。 故选 D 项。 5. A 　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. especially 尤其;B. similarly 同样地;C. generally 一般地;D. usually 通常。 用副词 espe- cially 强调父亲支持母亲所做的一切, 特别是母亲重返校园这件事。 故选 A 项。 6. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. purpose 目 的; B. chance 机 会; C. value 价 值; D. difficulty 困难。 由常识可知,大学 教育是有价值的。 故选 C 项。 7. A 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. degree 学 位;B. task 任务;C. housework 家务; D. speech 演讲。 由上文语境可知,深 知大学教育价值的父亲支持母亲所做 的一切,鼓励母亲重返校园,所以母亲 想为父亲完成她的学位,呼应上文的 “ My mother, Donzella Washington, 80, graduated from Alabama A&M Uni- versity on Dec. 6 with a bachelor􀆳s de- gree in social work. ”。 故选 A 项。 8. B　 考查动词短语辨析。 A. showed up 出现;B. passed away 过世;C. set off 出 发;D. fell ill 生 病。 由 下 文 的 “ my father􀆳s death”可知,作者父亲去世了。 故选 B 项。 9. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. hurried 匆 忙;B. rushed 迅速移动;C. retuned 回 去;D. moved 搬家。 由下文的“ to Ala- bama to live with me two years later”可 知,作者父亲去世两年后,母亲搬到阿 拉巴马州与作者同住。 故选 D 项。 10. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. commen- ting 评论;B. ignoring 忽视;C. com- forting 安慰;D. reminding 提醒。 由下 文的“when she was missing my father badly. Those moments when she cried, all I could do was hold her and love her. ”可知,母亲想念父亲而悲伤时, 作者需要安慰母亲。 故选 C 项。 11. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. learn 学 习;B. recover 恢复;C. escape 逃离; D. keep 保持。 由下文的“ struggle to achieve her education dream”可知,之 后母亲为实现她的教育梦想而奋斗, 获得了大学学位,说明母亲从父亲去 世的悲痛中恢复过来了。 故选 B 项。 12. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. proud 自豪的;B. patient 耐心的;C. brave 勇 敢的;D. curious 好奇的。 由下文的 “witness her final success”可知,看到 母亲成功获得大学学位,作者感到自 豪。 故选 A 项。 13. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. enjoying 喜欢;B. considering 考虑;C. regretting 后 悔; D. imagining 想 象。 由 上 文 “Now, my mother says she is not slo- wing down so soon. ”及下文的“going back to school to obtain her master􀆳s degree”可知,刚获得大学学位的母亲 不想停止学习的脚步,甚至考虑回学 校攻读硕士学位。 故选 B 项。 14. C 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. fails 失 败;B. hesitates 犹豫;C. expects 期望; D. chooses 选择。 由上文语境可知, 年迈的母亲在 80 岁获得大学学位,不 想停止学习的脚步,作者母亲期望用 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -577- hh
#4 自己的故事激励其他想要学习的人。 故选 C 项。 15. D 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. knowl- edge 知识;B. wealth 财富;C. health 健 康;D. age 年龄。 由上文可知,年迈的 母亲在 80 岁获得大学学位,不想停止 学习的脚步,表明年龄不是学习的障 碍。 故选 D 项。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章通 过列举牛顿、哥伦布的经历说明了在通 向成 功 的 路 上 坚 持 不 懈 地 努 力 的 重 要性。 1. F 　 根据下文 “But the reality is that man􀆳s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. ” 可知,此处说明人的成功在于完成最 难的任务,F 项“第一次尝试就很容易 完成的任务无疑是非常容易的。”与下 文为转折关系,话题与任务的难易 有关。 2. B 　 根据上文“And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work is a must. ”可知,此处说明了毅力 和努力是人生成功的必要条件,B 项 “这是人生成功的唯一先决条件。”中 的 it 指代上文中“毅力和努力”这一必 要条件,上下文衔接连贯。 3. G 　 根据上文“What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years􀆳 constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little. ”可知,尽管 牛顿 12 年努力的成果被他的爱犬给毁 了,但他没有气馁。 G 项“通过多年的 努力和坚持不懈,他能够再次做到这 一点。”能够衔接上文,其中的 He 指代 上文的 the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton,且 do it again 与前文呼 应,上下文衔接连贯。 4. E 　 根据下文 “He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous voyage on the sea...will be generated by the world for- ever. ”可知,此处提到的人物是个航海 家,E 项“哥伦布给我们留下了一个坚 持不懈的冒险故事。”符合本段主旨, 下文中的 He 指代 E 项中的 Columbus, 上下文衔接连贯。 5. D　 根据上文“All the great men in his- tory have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance. ” 可 知,此处说明成就大事业的伟人都具 备坚韧不拔的毅力, D 项“他们的成功 对我们来说永远是完美的榜样。”能够 衔接上文,符合语境。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了发展最迅速的女子运动———啦 啦队。 1. to distinguish 　 考查动词不定式。 句 意:此外,他们无法区分场外啦啦队员 和竞技啦啦队员。 fail to do sth. 为固 定短语,表示“没能做某事”,所以空处 应用动词不定式形式。 2. be considered　 考查动词语态。 句意: 场外啦啦队员的主要目标是娱乐观 众,并用团队欢呼来引导他们,这不应 该被视为一项运动。 分析句子结构可 知, which 引导非限制性定语从句, which 指代前边的整个句子,并在从句 中作主语,主语与 consider 之间是被动 关系,应用被动语态,且在情态动词 should 之后,应用 be considered。 3. is　 考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句意: 根据啦啦队教练和顾问协会的说法, 运动是一项“体育比赛,其主要目的是 比较参与者的相关技能”。 根据 and 后 面的句子中的 is 可知,句子使用一般 现在时,主语 A sport 是单数, be 动词 应用 is。 4. and　 考查连词。 句意:整个程序必须 在不到 3 分 15 秒的时间内完成,并且 啦啦队员必须待在一定的区域内。 结 合语意可知,句子前后为并列关系,应 用并列连词 and 连接。 5. best　 考查形容词最高级。 句意:竞技 啦啦队队员的目标是成为最好的。 结 合语境以及常识可知,啦啦队员的目 标是成为最好的,空处应用形容词最 高级形式 best,表示“最好的”。 6. the　 考查冠词。 句意:动作难度越大, 动作越清晰,得分就越高。 分析句子 可知,本句使用“ the+比较级, the+比较 级”结构,表示“越……,就越……”,所 以空处应用定冠词 the。 7. without　 考查介词。 句意:啦啦队是一 项团队运动,所以如果没有合作,第一 名是遥不可及的。 结合语境及常识可 知,没有合作的话,第一名是遥不可及 的,空处应用介词 without,表示“没有”。 8. which　 考查限制性定语从句。 句意: 竞技啦啦队是一项受规则约束的体育 活动,根据规则可以宣布获胜者,其主 要目的是比较参与者的技能。 分析句 子结构可知,本句使用“under+关系代 词”引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行 词 rules,先行词指物,所以关系代词应 用 which。 9. Hopefully　 考查副词。 句意:希望啦啦 队能像足球和篮球一样成为一项众所 周知的运动,甚至出现在奥运会上,因 为啦啦队队员的运动能力和身体素质 与那些参与更广泛接受的运动的人一 样好。 空处修饰后边的整个句子,应 用副词形式作状语, hopefully 是副词, 表示“有希望地”,置于句首,首字母 大写。 10. involved　 考查过去分词。 句意同上。 分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语动 词, be involved in 为固定短语,表示 “参与”,作后置定语修饰 those 时,去 掉 be 动词,使用过去分词形式。 课时作业 12　 CONSERVATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 一项研 究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复 杂。 这项研究对于保护昆虫有很大的 作用。 1. A 　 细节理解题。 根据第一段 “ The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play. ”可知,关于 蜜蜂的新发现是它们也喜欢玩乐。 2. C　 推理判断题。 根据第三段“ In this case, to get rid of external factors, sci- entists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environ- ment was stress-free. ”可推知,为了消 除外部因素,他们让蜜蜂适应新家,让 他们有了家的感觉,从而对环境感觉 不到压力。 3. B 　 细节理解题。 根据第四段 Lars Chittka 说的话“This research provides a strong indication that insects􀆳 minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds”可知,Lars Chit- tka 的话表明了昆虫的思维远比我们想 象的复杂。 4. D　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段 Sama- di Galpay 所说的话 “This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, conse- quently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more”可 知,该研究结果有助于保护地球上的 野生动物。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 泰国景 观设计师 Voraakhom 将自然和水融入她 的设计中,创造出有助于缓解洪水的景 观,并为人口稠密的城市增添绿化。 5. D　 细节理解题。 根据第二段“The ar- chitect integrates nature and water into her designs to create landscapes that help ease flooding and add greenery to dense- ly populated cities. ” 可知, Voraakhom 通过在她的设计中使用自然和水帮助 人口众多的城市应对洪水。 故选 D。 6. B　 细节理解题。 根据第三段“Voraak- hom also created Asia􀆳s largest rooftop farm, Siam Green Sky, which recycles food waste from restaurants in the build- ing below and uses it as plant fertiliz- er. ”可知,Siam Green Sky 的食物垃圾 是用来给草本花园施肥的。 故选 B。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -578-