课时作业10 Relationships-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

选择性必修第一册　 3 　 选择性必修第一册 课时作业 10　 RELATIONSHIPS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2024·浙江四校期末联考) People size you up in seconds, but what exactly are they evaluating ( 评 价 )? Harvard Business School professor Amy Cuddy has been studying first impressions alongside fellow psychologists Susan Fiske and Peter Glick for more than 15 years, and has discovered patterns in these interactions (互动) . In her new book, Presence, Cuddy says people quickly answer two questions when they first meet you:Can I trust this person? Can I respect this person? Psychologists refer to these factors as warmth and competence (胜任) respectively, and ideally you want to be perceived as having both. Interestingly, Cuddy says that most people, especially in a professional environment, believe that competence is the foremost factor. After all, they want to prove that they are smart and talented enough to qualify your business. But in fact warmth, or trustworthiness, is the most important factor in how people evaluate you. “From an evolutionary view,” Cuddy says, “ it is more important to our survival to know whether a person deserves our trust. ” It makes sense when you consider that in cavemen days it was more important to figure out if your fellow man was going to kill you and steal all your possessions than if he was competent enough to build a good fire. Cuddy􀆳s new book explores how to feel more confident. While competence is highly valued, Cuddy says it is evaluated only after trust is established. And focusing too much on displaying your strength can backfire. Cuddy says MBA interns ( 实习生) are often so concerned about coming across as smart and competent that it can lead them to skip social events, not ask for help, and generally come off as unapproachable. These overachievers are in for a rude awakening when they don􀆳t get the job offer because nobody got to know and trust them as people. “ If someone you􀆳re trying to influence doesn􀆳t trust you, you􀆳re not going to get very far; in fact, you might even cause doubt because you come across as manipulative ( 会摆布人的),” Cuddy says. “A warm, trustworthy person who is also competent gains admiration, but only after you􀆳ve established trust does your strength become a gift rather than a threat. ” 1. What does the passage mainly tell you? A. People judge you on your look and mind at first sight. B. People judge you on your presence at first sight. C. People judge you on your interaction at first sight. D. People judge you on your warmth and competence initially. 2. The underlined word “ foremost” can be replaced by 　 　 　 　 . A. a very valuable B. changing C. extremely important D. accessible 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -461- hh
#4 3. Why does Cuddy refer to cavemen days? A. To stress the importance of survival. B. To show the hardship of ancient times. C. To stress the importance of trust. D. To tell us the importance of ability. 4. Which statement about MBA interns is true in the view of Cuddy? A. Their focusing on strengths much brings in some opposite effects. B. Their high ability makes them approachable. C. Their competence is far beyond their warmth. D. Their competence leads them to join in social events. # (2023·江苏南京模拟) Most people enjoy variety. We like to eat different foods from meal to meal. We wear different clothes. We like to try new activities and visit new places. We become bored when there is little variety. Nevertheless, there􀆳s one place where we tend to dislike variety, and that􀆳s in each other. We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold beliefs or values that we do not share. There are reasons for this. When we are exposed to new and different things, our brain works a bit harder than usual. When we􀆳re learning, our nerve cells require more resources, such as water, salt, and various other chemicals. This extra metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure, like in the midst of the epidemic. This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals, but it􀆳s critical to the survival of any species. If all finches ( 雀 科 小 鸟) were identical, for example, and their environment changed in some significant, harmful ways, like an increase in the temperature or a decrease in water, all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct. This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin, and it􀆳s known as population thinking. Most people associate Darwin with his evolutionary theory of natural selection, but population thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement. The idea of “ survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given environment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Variation is therefore a prerequisite for natural selection to work. Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times, but it􀆳s a good investment, sort of like exercise for your brain. When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you, treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem. Don􀆳t hold the view that the other person should be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations, and more adaptable to change. 5. Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable? A. Having an adventure in the wild. B. Taking a trip to a foreign country. C. Sharing traveling experiences with others. D. Socializing with people from diverse cultures. 6. What does the second paragraph focus on? A. People􀆳s unwillingness to deal with new things. B. The significance of learning new things in our life. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -462- 选择性必修第一册　 3 C. The biological explanations for people􀆳s discomfort. D. The role of the nervous system in learning new things. 7. What does the underlined word “prerequisite” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Requirement. B. Substitute. C. Motivation. D. Challenge. 8. What does the writer mainly want to convey? A. Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation. B. How we can benefit from seeking variation. C. How we should treat the differences we find in others. D. Why we should get along with people different from us. Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2024·九省联考) I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 　 1　 , too. I managed to get to a gas station, but it was Sunday in the early fall, and there was no 　 2　 on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for 　 3　 the car. I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 　 4　 the heat when an older gentleman 　 5　 to fuel his car. He asked about my car, and I 　 6　 my predicament (困境) . To my 　 7　 , the gentleman told me that he had a daughter of my age, and then he opened his trunk and 　 8　 a tool set. Right then and there, this total 　 9　 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn􀆳t been changed for so long that they were 　 10　 to function. After about an hour, he 　 11　 that my car was safe to finish the trip. 　 12　 came at the hands of a stranger. 　 13　 his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man 　 14　 a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his 　 15　 . 1. A. busy B. loud C. dead D. secure 2. A. mechanic B. policeman C. manager D. guide 3. A. washing B. parking C. purchasing D. maintaining 4. A. feel B. beat C. absorb D. produce 5. A. promised B. refused C. stopped D. volunteered 6. A. solved B. noticed C. escaped D. explained 7. A. surprise B. regret C. amusement D. disappointment 8. A. called up B. pulled out C. put down D. threw away 9. A. liar B. beginner C. stranger D. loser 10. A. free B. ready C. uncertain D. unable 11. A. pronounced B. agreed C. discovered D. doubted 12. A. Tiredness B. Kindness C. Loneliness D. Carefulness 13. A. Folding B. Drying C. Soiling D. Mending 14. A. saved B. called C. judged D. banned 15. A. friend B. daughter C. co-worker D. customer 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -463- hh
#4 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·四川成都模拟) Meeting strangers is probably one of most people􀆳s biggest fears, only second to speaking in front of a crowd. Thankfully, it doesn􀆳t have to be an experience as scary as you might think. 　 1　 Go out alone. Don􀆳t always go to events with a friend or family member. 　 2　 If you go with someone you􀆳re familiar with, you􀆳re more likely to stay and talk to the person you already know rather than try to talk with strangers. 　 3　 Most people􀆳s favorite topics are about themselves. Even if you don􀆳t have an interesting icebreaker, you can always ask people to talk about themselves—they􀆳ll be more than happy to oblige you. For example:ask what they do for a living, where they􀆳re from, or what they studied in school. 　 4　 They􀆳ll be excited to share their hobbies, and you might find that you have something in common! Don􀆳t be embarrassed if you􀆳re visibly nervous. If your voice cracks or your handshake is sweaty, laugh it off. If you􀆳re an amateur comedian and can make it into a joke, point it out and get people laughing with you. If it􀆳s something that makes you feel less confident, just ignore it. Everyone gets nervous sometimes, so push past and continue on with the conversation. 　 5　 A. Start by introducing yourself. B. Encourage people to talk about themselves. C. People can come to you when you􀆳re alone. D. By going alone, you􀆳re forced to meet other people. E. Don􀆳t let it embarrass you enough that you have to walk away. F. These few easy tips will help you talk with strangers more comfortably. G. If you get someone talking about their interests, eventually you􀆳ll see their true personalities come out. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·福建龙岩模拟) Besides escape rooms, tufting (戳戳绣) is becoming 　 1　 new way for young people to spend time together during the weekend across the country. One of the quickest ways to make carpets, tufting guns 　 2　 ( exist ) for decades. With them, all you need are a few balls of wool and a piece of cloth 　 3　 (make)a handmade carpet for yourself. This trend 　 4　 ( introduce) into China as influencers began to share their handmade works on Chinese social media. Usually a studio will provide all the necessary tools and materials 　 5　 (need) from tufting guns to the canvas ( 帆布) . So all customers need to do is focus on making 　 6　 ( they) favorite patterns. “ It can get really crowded with customers, especially on weekends, during 　 7　 we need to keep the door open 　 8　 11 in the morning to 12 midnight,”a shop owner said. People in China have long had a love for embroidery (刺绣) . Though this time-consuming hobby lessened in 　 9　 (popular) with the rise of fast fashion and the development of smartphones, the speedy convenience tufting guns bring has brought it back. The trend can be regarded as 　 10　 (benefit), as it has inspired more people in society to want to learn more about embroidery. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -464- 参 考 答 案　 5. simply 　 考查副词。 句意:今天,写字 的人只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支 新 的。 空 格 处 作 状 语, 修 饰 动 词 throws,应用副词形式。 故填 simply。 6. a　 考查冠词。 句意同上。 空格后的代 词 one 指代可数名词 pen,此处表示泛 指,且 new 以辅音音素开头,应用不定 冠词 a。 故填 a。 7. improvement 　 考查名词。 句意:他很 高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都 有了改善。 根据空格前的冠词 the 可 知,空格处应填名词作介词 with 的宾 语,improvement“改善”为不可数名词。 故填 improvement。 8. and　 考查连词。 句意同上。 空格前短 语 in his students􀆳 writing 和空格后的 短语 in his own writing 为并列关系,应 用 and。 故填 and。 9. to stay　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:他知 道电脑会一直存在,不会消失。 根据 空前的动词 are 可知,空格处应填不定 式作表语,be to do 为固定搭配,表示 “必定会”,是对未来的一种推测。 故 填 to stay。 10. themselves 　 考查代词。 句意:然而, 他认为,用自来水笔练习可以帮助学 生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以 为自己感到自豪。 根据空格前的介 词 of 可知,空格处应填代词作宾语, 且指代主语 they,所以应用反身代词 themselves。 故填 themselves。 写作专练(三) Ⅰ. 应用文写作 Dear Mr Black, How are you doing? I􀆳ve signed up for the English Poetry Recitation Contest to be held by our school, and I􀆳m writing to see whether you could provide me with some help. The contest requires that each partici- pant should recite a poem about nature, and I􀆳ve found three poems. Could you be kind enough to help me choose the most suitable one? Besides, I hope you could also give me some advice on how to recite it. I would be very grateful if you could offer help. Looking forward to hearing from you soon! Yours sincerely, Li Hua Ⅱ. 读后续写 Suddenly one morning, Joao found Dindim disappeared. “Has it really left?” Joao wondered, his mind mixing with sor- row and joy. In order to breed, he knew that Dindim had to go back, but it still made him heartbroken. Looking at the empty nest, he refused to leave. After a while, he bent down, picked up a few feathers from the ground, and turned back to the room. When putting the feather into a jar, he said to himself, “Fine, it􀆳s final- ly grown up. ” A few months later,Joao heard some familiar cries in his backyard. He hurried- ly ran to the backyard. What caught his eyes were a group of penguins looking around! One even staggered up to him and looked up at him, as if asking, “ Old friend, do you remember me?” It was Dindim! He quickly bent down, gently stroking its feathers. Later, these penguins lived there for a while and left some beau- tiful memories. So, just like Dindim, a penguin remembering who saved it when in trouble, let􀆳s always be grateful. 选择性必修第一册 课时作业10　 RELATIONSHIPS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 人们最 初会根据你的热情和能力来评价你,但 是只有 建 立 信 任,你 的 能 力 才 能 得 到 认可。 1. D 　 主旨大意题。 根据第二段 “ Psy- chologists refer to these factors as warmth and competence (胜任) respec- tively, and ideally you want to be per- ceived as having both. ”可知这篇文章 主要讲了人们最初会根据你的热情和 能力来评价你。 2. C 　 词义猜测题。 根据画线词所在句 子“ Interestingly, Cuddy says that most people,especially in a professional envi- ronment, believe that competence is the foremost factor. ” 可知, foremost 意为 “极其重要的”。 3. C　 推理判断题。 根据第三段“‘From an evolutionary view,’ Cuddy says,‘ it is more important to our survival to know whether a person deserves our trust. ’”推断出, Cuddy 提到穴居时代 是为了强调信任的重要性。 4. A　 推理判断题。 根据第四段“Cuddy says MBA interns(实习生) are often so concerned about coming across as smart and competent that it can lead them to skip social events, not ask for help, and generally come off as unapproachable. ” 可知,在 Cuddy 看来,MBA 实习生专 注于能力会带来一些相反的效果。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。 文章主 要讨论了为什么我们应该和不同的人 相处。 5. D　 细节理解题。 根据第一段中“We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold be- liefs or values that we do not share. ”可 知,与来自不同文化背景的人交往会 让人感到不舒服。 故选 D 项。 6. C 　 主旨大意题。 根据第二段的内容 可知,第二段主要讲的是人们感到不 舒服的生物学解释。 故选 C 项。 7. A　 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中“The idea of ‘ survival of the fittest’ implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given envi- ronment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce. ” 可知, 有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环 境,意味着个体必须有所不同。 因此, 变异是自然选择起作用的先决条件。 故可猜测画线单词 prerequisite 意为 “先决条件,前提条件”。 故选 A 项。 8. D　 推理判断题。 根据文章大意以及 最后一段的内容可推知,作者主要想 表达的是为什么我们应该和不同的人 相处。 故选 D 项。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述了作者的车在半路坏了,正巧赶 上周日,作者在加油站并没有找到修车 的人。 这时恰巧有一位年长的绅士来加 油。 了解到作者遇到的困难后,他主动 帮助作者修了车。 作者对此非常感谢。 1. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:我的 手机也关机了。 A. busy 忙的;B. loud 大声的;C. dead(因无电力)不工作的; D. secure 可靠的。 根据上文 “ I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. ”以 及句中的 too 可知,作者的车坏了,手 机也因为没电而关机了。 故选 C。 2. A　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:我设法 去了一个加油站,但那是初秋的周日, 没有机修工值班。 A. mechanic 机修 工;B. policeman 警察; C. manager 经 理;D. guide 向导。 根据上文 “ but it was Sunday in the early fall”可知,作者 的车坏了,所以她应该想找修车的人。 但因为是周日,所以加油站的机修工 都没上班。 故选 A。 3. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我当时 正在读大学,几乎没有保养车的钱。 A. washing 清 洗; B. parking 停 车; C. purchasing 购 买; D. maintaining 保 养。 根据空前“ I was working my way through university then and had little money”可知,作者当时正在读大学,没 有什么钱,所以几乎是不保养车的。 故 选 D。 4. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我在车 旁坐了几个小时试图避暑,这时一位 年长的绅士停下来给他的车加油。 A. feel 感觉;B. beat 击败;C. absorb 吸 收;D. produce 生产。 根据下文“work- ing on a hot September afternoon”可知, 事情发生在一个炎热的夏天,作者坐 在车边试图保持凉爽。 beat the heat “消暑,在炎热的天气中保持凉爽”。 故选 B。 5. C 　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意同上。 A. promised 答 应; B. refused 拒 绝; C. stopped 停车;D. volunteered 自愿。 根据上文“ I managed to get to a gas sta- tion”可知,作者是在加油站,所以老人 是停下来加油。 故选 C。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -575- hh
#4 6. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:他询问 我车 的 情 况, 我 解 释 了 我 的 困 境。 A. solved 解 决; B. noticed 注 意 到; C. escaped 逃脱;D. explained 解释。 根 据上文“He asked about my car”可知, 这位绅士询问作者的车出了什么问 题,然后作者向他解释了她的困境。 故选 D。 7. A　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:令我惊 讶的是,这位先生告诉我,他有一个和 我同龄的女儿,然后他打开后备厢,拿 出 了 一 套 工 具。 A. surprise 惊 喜; B. regret 遗 憾; C. amusement 好 笑; D. disappointment 失望。 根据下文“ the gentleman told me that he had a daughter of my age, and then he opened his trunk and 　 8　 a tool set”可知,这位年长的 绅士听到作者的困难后,告诉作者他 也有一个女儿,而且从车里拿出一套 工具。 这让作为陌生人的作者感到非 常惊讶。 故选 A。 8. B 　 考查动词短语辨析。 句意同上。 A. called up 打电话(给);B. pulled out 取出;C. put down 放下;D. threw away 扔掉。 根据空后“ a tool set”以及下文 “Right then and there, this total 　 9　 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn􀆳t been changed for so long that they were 　 10　 to function. ”可知,这 位绅士从他的车里拿出一套工具,帮 作者修起了车。 故选 B。 9. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:就在这 时,这个完全陌生的人检查了我的发 动机,一边工作一边解释说,我的火花 塞已经很久没有更换了,以至于无法 工作。 A. liar 骗子;B. beginner 初学 者;C. stranger 陌生人;D. loser 失败者。 根据上文 “ I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 　 4　 the heat when an older gentleman 　 5　 to fuel his car. ”以及全文语境可知,这个绅士 对于作者来说完全是个陌生人。 故 选 C。 10. D 　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意同 上。 A. free 免费的;B. ready 准备好 的;C. uncertain 不确定的;D. unable 不能的。 根据上文 “my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn􀆳t been changed for so long”可知,车辆的火花塞已经很久没 有更换了,所以导致它们不能正常工 作。 故选 D。 11. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:大约 1 小时后,他宣称我的车可以安全地完成 旅程。 A. pronounced 宣布;B. agreed 同 意;C. discovered 发现;D. doubted 怀疑。 根据空后“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知,经过一个小时的修理后, 那位绅士宣布车可以安全地完成旅程。 故选 A。 12. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:善意 来自一个陌生人。 A. Tiredness 疲劳; B. Kindness 善良;C. Loneliness 孤独; D. Carefulness 细心。 根据全文语境 可知,一位陌生人帮助了作者,所以 此处指善意来自一 个 陌 生 人。 故 选 B。 13. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:在一 个炎热的九月下午,这个男人弄脏了 自己的衣服,从灾难中拯救了一个大 学生,只因为她也许会是他女儿(他 女儿也会遇到这种情况)。 A. Folding 折叠;B. Drying 干燥;C. Soiling 弄脏; D. Mending 修补。 根据上文 “After about an hour, he 　 11　 that my car was safe to finish the trip. ”可知,那位 绅士给作者修了一个小时的车。 此 处指修车时他弄脏了自己的衣服。 故选 C。 14. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意同上。 A. saved 救; B. called 打 电 话; C. judged 判断;D. banned 禁止。 根据 文章内容可知,这个陌生人给作者修 了车,所以作者觉得他就像是从灾难 中救了她。 故选 A。 15. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意同第 13 题。 A. friend 朋友;B. daughter 女儿; C. co-worker 同事;D. customer 顾客。 根据上文“ the gentleman told me that he had a daughter of my age”可知,作 者觉得那位绅士帮助自己是因为她 让绅士想起了自己的女儿。 故选 B。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章就 如何与陌生人谈话提出了几个建议。 1. F　 上文“Thankfully, it doesn􀆳t have to be an experience as scary as you might think. ”和 “ F. These few easy tips will help you talk with strangers more com- fortably. ”构成因果关系,指出了和陌 生人交谈不可怕的原因是可以利用技 巧,同时 F 项也起到了引起本文话题 的作用。 2. D　 根据下文“ If you go with someone you􀆳re familiar with, you􀆳re more likely to stay and talk to the person you already know rather than try to talk with stran- gers. ”可推断出想要和陌生人交谈就 尽量独自去参加活动, “D. By going alone, you􀆳re forced to meet other peo- ple. ”和下文构成内容上的承接,符合 语境。 3. B　 根据上文“Go out alone. ”及下文 “Don􀆳t be embarrassed if you􀆳re visibly nervous. ”可知,空格处应为本段的中 心句,且为祈使句结构,“B. Encourage people to talk about themselves. ” 既是 祈使句又和后文“Most people􀆳s favor- ite topics are about themselves. ” 构成 因果关系,鼓励人们多谈论自己的原 因是大多数人喜欢的话题是关于他们 自己的。 4. G 　 下文 “ They􀆳ll be excited to share their hobbies, and you might find that you have something in common!” 和 “G. If you get someone talking about their interests,eventually you􀆳ll see their true personalities come out. ”构成内容 上的并列关系,都是提到了让陌生人 分享兴趣或爱好的好处就是你能看到 他们 的 真 实 性 格 或 发 现 你 们 的 共 同点。 5. E　 上文“Everyone gets nervous some- times, so push past and continue on with the conversation. ”和“E. Don􀆳t let it em- barrass you enough that you have to walk away. ”构成内容上的承接,为人 们在谈话中感到紧张、尴尬提供了建 议,即忽略或化解这些尴尬,不要因为 尴尬而离开。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍一种新型娱乐方式“戳戳绣”近两年开 始流行。 1. a　 考查冠词。 句意:除了密室逃生以 外,“戳戳绣”正在成为全国的年轻人 在周末共度时光的一种新形式。 结合 句意可知,此处表示泛指,故用不定冠 词, new 的读音以辅音音素开头。 2. have existed　 考查动词时态及主谓一 致。 句意:簇绒枪是制造地毯最快的 方法之一,已经存在了几十年。 因为 时间状语为 for decades,句子用现在完 成时;主语为 tufting guns,助动词用 have。 3. to make 　 考查动词不定式。 句意:有 了它们,你只需要几团羊毛线和一块 布就可以为自己制作一块手工地毯。 此处用动词不定式表目的。 4. was introduced　 考查动词时态、语态及 主谓一致。 句意:随着有影响力的人 开始在中国社交媒体上分享他们的手 工作品,这一趋势被引入中国。 结合 句意和 began 可知,此处用一般过去 时,主语为 This trend,是单数,且与 in- troduce 之间是被动关系,应用被动 语态。 5. needed　 考查过去分词。 句意:通常工 作室会提供所有必要的工具和材料, 从簇绒枪到帆布。 句中已有谓语动词 will provide,此处为非谓语动词作定 语, tools and materials 与 need 之间是 被动关系,故用过去分词形式。 6. their　 考查形容词性物主代词。 句意: 因此,客户所需要做的就是专注于制 作他们最喜欢的图案。 此处用形容词 性物主代词作定语修饰名词 favorite patterns。 7. which　 考查非限制性定语从句。 句 意:它可能会挤满顾客,尤其是在周 末,我们需要从上午 11 点到午夜 12 点 一直开着门。 此处引导非限制性定语 从句,先行词为 weekends,在从句中作 during 的宾语,故用关系代词 which 引导。 8. from 　 考查介词。 句意同上。 from... to...表示“从……到……”。 9. popularity 　 考查名词。 句意:尽管随 着快时尚的兴起和智能手机的发展, 这种耗时的爱好越来越不受欢迎,但 簇绒枪带来的快速便利让它又回来 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -576- 参 考 答 案　 了。 此处用名词作介词 in 的宾语,表 示“受欢迎”。 10. beneficial　 考查形容词。 句意:这一 趋势可以被视为有益的,因为它激励 了社会上更多的人想要学习更多关 于刺绣的知识。 结合句意可知,此处 表示“有益的”,故用形容词形式。 课时作业 11　 SUCCESS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述了一位英国女性 Mantri 用算盘帮 助不擅长数学的儿子取得进步的故事。 1. B 　 推理判断题。 由本文第二段中的 关键句“ I decided to change the way he looked at numbers”可知,Mantri 决定改 变儿子看待数字的方式。 由此可以推 断,Dhruv 学 习 数 学 的 方 法 可 能 有 问题。 2. C 　 词义猜测题。 由本文第二段中的 关键句 “ In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus and would go on to become a whizz kid with numbers, with even his classmates􀆳 par- ents reaching out for help. ”可知,此处 指 Dhruv 在使用算盘后成为数字方面 的能手, whizz 意为 “优秀的, 出色 的”,与 “Outstanding (杰出的)” 意思 相近。 3. A　 推理判断题。 由本文倒数第二段 的内容可知,孩子喜欢用算盘学习是 因为它就像一个游戏,对孩子来说有 吸引力。 4. D　 推理判断题。 由本文最后一段中 的关键句 “ I don􀆳t think my teachers would have guessed that I would be fol- lowing a career in data science at that time. ”可知, Dhruv 的职业选择超出了 老师们的预期。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 作者以 自己 的 经 历 告 诉 了 我 们 成 功 的 真 正 含义。 5. A 　 细节理解题。 根据第二段 “My proud parents told my story to the rest of the family and friends as a ‘ success’ story. ”可知,作者达到了家人的期望。 6. C 　 细节理解题。 根据第一段 “ The most typical definition of success is ‘ the accomplishment of an aim or a purpose’ or what most of us have heard: ‘ the at- tainment of popularity or profits’ . ”及第 三段“Our families take pride in telling the world how successful we are in our profession, and often the only measure of that success becomes the financial wealth we accumulate. ”可知,世界各地 成功的共同意识是金融财富的积累。 7. C　 词义猜测题。 根据第三段“Altruis- tic figures such as Mother Teresa,Ma- hatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. also lived successful lives but had selfless concern over the well-being of others. ”和常识可知,特蕾莎修女、圣雄 甘地和马丁·路德·金都是利他主义 人物,他们过着成功的生活,却无私地 关心他人的福祉。 故画线词意为“利 他的”。 8. B　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段“No promotion or pay raise I ever received in my professional career was because of my deep desire to obtain a better title or higher pay;instead, it was based on the excellence I created in the experience our customers had with the organization. ”可 知,从作者的工作经历中可以看出,他 旨在提供优质的工作服务。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 80 岁的 Donzella Washington 从阿拉巴马农工大 学毕业,获得了社会工作学士学位。 除 了学术成就,她还创造了历史———成为 阿拉巴马农工大学历史上年龄最大的毕 业生。 1. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. academ- ic 学术的;B. political 政治的;C. musi- cal 音乐的;D. scientific 科学的。 由上 文的 “My mother, Donzella Washing- ton, 80, graduated from Alabama A&M University on Dec. 6 with a bachelor􀆳s degree in social work. ”可知,作者母亲 在大 学 里 获 得 了 学 术 成 就。 故 选 A 项。 2. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. servant 仆 人;B. librarian 图书管理员;C. professor 教授;D. graduate 大学毕业生。 由上文 的“My mother, Donzella Washington, 80, graduated from Alabama A&M Uni- versity on Dec. 6 with a bachelor􀆳s de- gree in social work. ”可知,作者母亲是 阿拉巴马农工大学的毕业生。 故选 D 项。 3. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. possibility 可能性;B. motivation 动机;C. excuse 借口;D. pressure 压力。 由下文的“My mother wanted to finish her 　 7　 in his honor. ”和“ struggle to achieve her edu- cation dream”可知,作者母亲重返学校 是有动机的。 故选 B 项。 4. D 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. educator 教育者;B. examiner 审查人;C. instruc- tor 导师;D. supporter 支持者。 由下文 的“He supported everything she did”可 知,作者的父亲 Jeff 始终是母亲最大 的支持者。 故选 D 项。 5. A 　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. especially 尤其;B. similarly 同样地;C. generally 一般地;D. usually 通常。 用副词 espe- cially 强调父亲支持母亲所做的一切, 特别是母亲重返校园这件事。 故选 A 项。 6. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. purpose 目 的; B. chance 机 会; C. value 价 值; D. difficulty 困难。 由常识可知,大学 教育是有价值的。 故选 C 项。 7. A 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. degree 学 位;B. task 任务;C. housework 家务; D. speech 演讲。 由上文语境可知,深 知大学教育价值的父亲支持母亲所做 的一切,鼓励母亲重返校园,所以母亲 想为父亲完成她的学位,呼应上文的 “ My mother, Donzella Washington, 80, graduated from Alabama A&M Uni- versity on Dec. 6 with a bachelor􀆳s de- gree in social work. ”。 故选 A 项。 8. B　 考查动词短语辨析。 A. showed up 出现;B. passed away 过世;C. set off 出 发;D. fell ill 生 病。 由 下 文 的 “ my father􀆳s death”可知,作者父亲去世了。 故选 B 项。 9. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. hurried 匆 忙;B. rushed 迅速移动;C. retuned 回 去;D. moved 搬家。 由下文的“ to Ala- bama to live with me two years later”可 知,作者父亲去世两年后,母亲搬到阿 拉巴马州与作者同住。 故选 D 项。 10. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. commen- ting 评论;B. ignoring 忽视;C. com- forting 安慰;D. reminding 提醒。 由下 文的“when she was missing my father badly. Those moments when she cried, all I could do was hold her and love her. ”可知,母亲想念父亲而悲伤时, 作者需要安慰母亲。 故选 C 项。 11. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. learn 学 习;B. recover 恢复;C. escape 逃离; D. keep 保持。 由下文的“ struggle to achieve her education dream”可知,之 后母亲为实现她的教育梦想而奋斗, 获得了大学学位,说明母亲从父亲去 世的悲痛中恢复过来了。 故选 B 项。 12. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. proud 自豪的;B. patient 耐心的;C. brave 勇 敢的;D. curious 好奇的。 由下文的 “witness her final success”可知,看到 母亲成功获得大学学位,作者感到自 豪。 故选 A 项。 13. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. enjoying 喜欢;B. considering 考虑;C. regretting 后 悔; D. imagining 想 象。 由 上 文 “Now, my mother says she is not slo- wing down so soon. ”及下文的“going back to school to obtain her master􀆳s degree”可知,刚获得大学学位的母亲 不想停止学习的脚步,甚至考虑回学 校攻读硕士学位。 故选 B 项。 14. C 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. fails 失 败;B. hesitates 犹豫;C. expects 期望; D. chooses 选择。 由上文语境可知, 年迈的母亲在 80 岁获得大学学位,不 想停止学习的脚步,作者母亲期望用 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -577-