第四讲 动词的时态，语态和主谓一致-(讲义)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

专题二　 根深叶茂的“动词家族” 第四讲　 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 P5O 1. ( 2023 · 全 国 乙 卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 　 　 　 　 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 2. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I 　 　 　 　 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 3. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry 　 　 　 　 ( fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 4. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly 　 　 　 　 ( throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 5. (2022·全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 　 　 　 　 (address) the opening ceremony. 6. (2022·浙江 1 月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists— 　 　 　 　 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 7. (2021·全国甲卷)The Xi􀆳an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China􀆳s long history. It 　 　 　 　 ( build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复) . 8. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can􀆳t help wondering how hard it 　 　 　 　 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 9. (2021·浙江 6 月卷) It doesn􀆳t impress like George Washington􀆳s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln􀆳s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 　 　 　 　 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 10. (2021·浙江 6 月卷) When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary􀆳s niece wrote, “The little home 　 　 　 　 (paint)white. ” A"1@ 考点一 动词的时态 (一)现在时范畴内的 4 种时态对比 1. 一般现在时常用的 4 种情况 (1)表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状 态。 常与表示习惯的副词 ( 短语) always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day. 我通常每天晚上做作业。 (2) 主将从现:在以 when, till / until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引导的时间状 语从句和以 if, unless, once 等引导的条件状 语从句以及 no matter + 疑问词, 疑问词 + -ever, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,从 句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将 来时。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 229 hh
#4 If it doesn􀆳t rain tomorrow, we􀆳ll have a trip. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去旅行。 (3)表示按时间表、时刻表等安排将要发生的 动作,但限于少数动词(短语),如 go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, return, open, close, take off 等。 The plane takes off at 9:00. 飞机九点起飞。 (4)表示客观真理、科学事实。 The geography teacher told us the earth travels around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 2. 现在进行时诠释的 3 类动作 (1)表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 I don􀆳t really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我并不是真的在这里工作,我只是在新秘书 来之前在这里帮忙。 (2)现在进行时还可表示计划安排好要采取 的行动或要做的事情,常用的这类动词主要 有 go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do 等。 “The moment is coming soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. “这一刻就要来了,” 他自思自忖,紧张地等 待着。 ( 3 ) 与 always, often, forever, constantly, continually 等连用时,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情 色彩,而非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others. 他总是帮助其他人。 3. 现在完成时使用的 5 种情境 (1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的 影响或产生的结果,常与 yet, just, before, recently, once, lately 等不确定的过去时间状 语连用。 I haven􀆳t finished reading the book yet, so I can􀆳t return it to the library. 我还没把这本书读完,因此不能把它还给图 书馆。 (2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现 在,并可能继续延续下去的动作,常与 so far, up to now, since last year, in the past few years 等表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的 状语连用。 He has worked here for over 20 years. 他已经在这里工作了 20 多年。 (3)用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要 完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而 发生。 He will be back before I have finished my work. 我完成工作之前他会回来的。 ( 4 ) 在 “ It / This is the first / second / third 􀆺 time+that 从句”句型中,that 从句中的谓语动 词用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们一家人第一次在电影院里看电影。 ( 5 ) 在 “ It / This is the best ( worst, most interesting 等) +名词+从句”句型中,从句中的 谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the most interesting book I􀆳ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。 4. 现在完成进行时的 2 种用法 (1) 现在完成进行时由 “ have / has + been + doing”构成,表示过去的动作持续到现在并有 可能延续下去,常和 for, since 引导的时间状 语连用。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 自从上午 9 点经理就一直在告诉工人们如何 改进这一方案。 (2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反 复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们常常见面。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 230 @专题二　 根深叶茂的“动词家族” 3  ———单句语法填空 1. The World Health Organization warns that millions of people 　 　 　 　 ( suffer) from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves at home. 2. As we all know, the sun 　 　 　 　 (set) in the west. 3. Many people 　 　 　 　 ( seek) a variety of sources for their happiness. Some have put their heart and effort into their work. 4. I 　 　 　 　 ( write ) a report about the environment here over the last few days, which I have to hand in next week. (二)过去时范畴内的 4 种时态详析 1. 一般过去时的 3 种用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内发生 的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间 状语连用,如 yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 2022, at that time 等。 —Haven􀆳t seen you for ages! Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. ———好长时间没见到你了! 你去哪儿了? ———我作为志愿者去宁夏支教了一年。 (2)表示过去某一段时间内反复发生的动作 或存在的状态。 During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day. 他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。 (3)在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中, 表示过去将来的动作。 They said they would inform me if they heard any news about him. 他们说如果听到任何关于他的消息,就通 知我。 2. 过去进行时的 3 种运用 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一 时间段内一直进行的动作。 Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时,她已经辞去了收入丰 厚的工作,在社区做志愿者。 (2)表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去 进行时表示过去将来时。 这类动词主要有 leave, start, arrive, go, come 等。 Joan told us she was leaving for Wuhan next Saturday. 琼告诉我们她下周六要去武汉。 (3)与 always, constantly, continually, forever 等副词连用表示赞美或讨厌的感情色彩。 She was always thinking of others. 她总是为别人考虑。 3. 过去完成时的 4 种用法 (1)表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成 的动作或存在的状态,常与 by, by the end of, by the time, before, since, until 等后接表示 过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。 By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. 到去年年底,我们已经生产了 20 000 辆汽车。 (2)某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实 现的想法,意为“本来期望 /认为 /打算……”。 常用的这类动词主要有 expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want 等。 We had intended to help you, but we were too busy to get away. 我们本来想帮助你的,但我们忙得脱不开身。 (3 ) 在 “ hardly ( scarcely) 􀆺 when 􀆺 ” “ no sooner􀆺 than􀆺” 句型结构中,主句用过去完 成时, 从 句 用 一 般 过 去 时, 意 为 “ 一 …… 就……”。 Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions. 演讲者一结束他的讲话,观众就不停地向他 提问。 (4) 在“ It / This was the first ( second, etc. ) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 231 hh
#4 time+that 从句”句型中,从句谓语动词用过去 完成时。 It was the second time that he had won the election. 那是他第二次在大选中获胜。 4. 过去将来时的一般含义 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发 生的动作或存在的状态。 这种时态常用于宾 语从句或间接引语中。 除了使用“would+动 词原形”表示外,还可以用 be going to do, be to do, be about to do 等方式表示。 Did you predict that many students would sign up for the dance competition? 你预计将会有很多学生报名参加舞蹈比 赛吗? 3  ———单句语法填空 1. Though the interview 　 　 　 　 (go) well, he realized that compared with the other candidates he didn􀆳t have the ability to get the job. 2. We 　 　 　 　 (have) supper when the phone rang. 3. I was lucky because that was the second time that I 　 　 　 　 (visit) Russia. 4. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he 　 　 　 　 (be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. (三)将来时范畴内的 3 种时态辨析 1. 一般将来时的 4 种用法 (1)“will / shall+动词原形”表示现在看来以后 要发生的动作或存在的状态。 “will+动词原 形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。 —Mr Li is ill in hospital. —Oh, I didn􀆳t know. I􀆳ll go to see him tonight. ———李老师生病住院了。 ———哦,我还不知道呢。 我今晚去看他。 (2)be going to+动词原形 ①表示现在打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定 要发生的事。 He is going to swim this afternoon. 他今天下午打算游泳。 ②表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,推测 某事即将发生。 Look at the cloud. It􀆳s going to rain. 瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或根据 安排即将发生的动作。 它不与表示具体的将 来时间状语连用,但可以与 when 引导的时间 状语从句连用。 He is about to shut the door when an idea comes to him. 他正准备关门时,突然想起了一个主意。 (4)“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的 或按职责、义务将要发生的动作,这种动作通 常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o􀆳clock. 你要在 10 点前交上论文。 2. 将来进行时的时间概念 将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发 生的动作或将来某一段时间内正在进行的动 作。 将来进行时也可以表示已计划好的事。 将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连 用,如: at this time tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow 等。 What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你将在做什么? 3. 将来完成时的使用依据 将来完成时主要表示某一动作到将来某个时 间完成,上下文情景中常含有 by 的时间状 语,如 by six o􀆳clock, by the weekend, by the end of next month 等。 We shall have finished the project by the end of this year. 我们将在今年年底完成这项工程。 3  ———完成句子 1. 到 明 年 的 六 月 份, 我 们 已 经 毕 业 了。 (graduate) We 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 by the June of next year. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 232 @专题二　 根深叶茂的“动词家族” 2. 他将就急救问题发表演讲。 (deliver) He 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 on first aid. 3. 我们将在 16 分钟后在巴黎机场降落。 ( land) We 　 　 　 　 　 　 in Paris in sixteen minutes. (四)“7 组比较”辨清易混时态 1. 一般现在时与现在进行时的比较 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现 的动作或状态;现在进行时表示现在正在进 行的动作,或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时 未必正在做)。 On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (经常性、习惯性的 动作) 在星期一的早上,开车上班通常要花费我一 个小时的时间,虽然实际距离只有 20 英里。 Hurry up! Mark and Carol are expecting us. (正在进行的动作) 快点! 马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。 2. 一般现在时与现在完成时的比较 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现 的动作或状态;现在完成时则强调过去发生 的动作到现在已完成,或过去发生的动作对 现在造成的影响。 I do all the cooking for my family, but recently I have been too busy to do it. 通常由我给家人做饭,但我最近太忙,没时间 做了。 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 一般过去时表示过去某时刻发生的动作或情 况,常与表示过去的时间状语连用;而现在完 成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情 况,常与表示一段时间的状语连用;一般过去 时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况,与 现在没什么联系;而现在完成时表示过去发 生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed. 回到家时我感觉非常累,所以就直接去睡 觉了。 —Alvin, are you coming with us? —I􀆳d love to, but something unexpected has come up. ———阿尔文,你会跟我们来吗? ———我想去,但发生了意想不到的事情。 4. 一般过去时与过去完成时的比较 一般过去时表示动作发生在过去;而过去完 成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生 或完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过 去”。 Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we had actually met several years before. 汤姆和我在 2000 年成为朋友,尽管在那时的 几年之前我们就见过面。 5. 一般过去时与过去进行时的比较 一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去,不强调 动作的延续性;而过去进行时则强调在过去 某一时间正在进行的动作。 He wrote a novel last month. 他上个月写了一部小说。 (已经完成小说) He was writing a novel at this time last month. 上个月的这个时候他正在写一部小说。 (不 一定完成小说) 6. 一般将来时与将来进行时的比较 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状 态;而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一 段时间内正在进行的动作。 I am busy reviewing my lessons because I will have an exam tomorrow. 我正忙着复习功课,因为明天要考试。 I can􀆳t come tomorrow, because I will be having an exam at this time tomorrow. 我明天来不了,因为明天这个时候我正在 考试。 7. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情对现 在的影响或造成的结果;而现在完成进行时 则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持 续到现在, 并且还在进行, 强调动作的延 续性。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 233 hh
#4 Mary has phoned you. 玛丽给你打过电话了。 Mary has been phoning you. 玛丽一直在给你打电话。 3  ———单句语法填空 1. Power walking offers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph 　 　 　 　 ( burn) around 300 calories per hour. 2. Now China 　 　 　 　 (play) an important role in global economic policy-making. 3. Great changes 　 　 　 　 ( take) place in our hometown in the past ten years. 4. Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom 　 　 　 　 ( rise) by 5. 5 percent last year, with growing demand for Chinese titles, said Nielsen on Wednesday. (五)确定动词时态的“4 个依据” 依据 1:时间状语 动词的时态,顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不 同时间条件下的动词形式,因此时间状语是确 定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。 【例1】 　 Silk 　 　 　 　 ( become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BCE. 分析: had become 　 题 干 中 by about 100 BCE 是表示过去的时间状语,当时间状语是 “介词 by (不迟于,不晚于)+过去的某一时 间”时,表示动作发生在“过去的过去”,谓语 动词应用过去完成时。 【例2】 　 In the last few years, China 　 　 　 　 (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 分析:has made　 句意:在最近的几年里,中 国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。 题干 中的时间状语是 In the last few years,表示 动作“从过去某一时间一直持续到现在”,所 填词应用现在完成时;且主语 China 为单数 形式,故填 has made。 依据 2:参照动词 当题干中没有时间状语,或时间状语不能完全 决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时,动词 的时态由其参照动词来决定。 【例3】 　 The real reason why prices 　 　 　 　 (be), and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 分析:were　 分析句子结构可知,题干中没 有时间状语,由参照动词 are 和 is 以及 still 可以推断出所填动词陈述的是过去的事实, 表示“过去是,现在仍然是”,应用一般过去 时;且主语 prices 为复数形式,故填 were。 依据 3:句意或语境 当题干中无时间状语及参照动词,或时间状语 和参照动词都不能确定所填词动作的时态时, 所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发 生的语境来决定。 【例4】 　 —Is Peter coming? —No, he 　 　 　 　 (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 分析:changed　 根据语境可知,所填词的动 作发生在过去,陈述的是过去的事实,应用 一般过去时。 题干中虽有时间状语 at the last minute 和参照动词 is coming,但它们都 不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间, 因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。 【例5】 　 When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I 　 　 　 　 ( not see) for years. 分析:hadn􀆳t seen 　 根据语境可知,“多年没 见” 这 一 动 作 发 生 在 “ 偶 然 遇 到 ( came across)”之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去 完成时。 【例6】 　 He said that one of the phone boxes 　 　 　 　 (generate) around ＄ 13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about ＄ 400 to rent. 分析:generated 　 句意:他说一个电话亭每 月能产生约 1. 35 万美元的收入,租金仅为 400 美元左右。 根据主句中的 said 可知,that 引导的宾语从句时态也应用过去的某种时 态,从句陈述客观事实,应用一般过去时。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 234 @专题二　 根深叶茂的“动词家族” 依据 4:固定句式 英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的,如果 题干中出现这类句式,应注意根据规则选用适 当的时态。 常见的固定句式如下: ①It is the first / second / 􀆺 time that sb. have / has done􀆺 ② It was the first / second / 􀆺 time that sb. had done􀆺 ③Sb. was doing sth. when􀆺did􀆺 ④Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done sth. when􀆺did􀆺 ⑤Sb. was about to do sth. when􀆺did􀆺 ⑥ It􀆳s ( high ) time that sb. did sth. / should do sth. 【例7】 　 It is the first time that I 　 　 　 　 (be) to Beijing. 分析:have been 　 句意:这是我第一次去北 京。 提示词为 be 动词,设空处在句中作谓 语,再根据固定句式 It is the first time that sb. have / has done􀆺可知使用现在完成时。 "? 谓 语 动 词 时 态 的 判 断 方 法 时间状语 判断法 根据句中出现的时间状语并 结合语境确定对应时态 固定句式判断法 根据固定搭配对号入座 语 境 综 合 判 断 法 宏观 定时 根据语境考虑设 空处说的是什么 时候的事情 过去 将来 现在 微观 定谓 进一步确认谓语动词使用 过去、现在或将来的特定 时态 时 态 呼 应 判 断 法 主句表示将来,时间、条件、让步状 语从句的谓语动词常用一般现在 / 过去时表将来 主句谓语动 词为一般过 去时,宾语从 句可用过去 的某种时态 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来进行时 过去完成进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 考点二 被动语态 (一)各种时态中被动语态的构成 时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am / is / are+ 过去分词 am / is / are+ being+过去 分词 have / has + been + 过去分词 过去时 was / were+ 过去分词 was / were+ being+过去 分词 had+ been + 过去 分词 将来时 shall / will be+过去 分词 shall / will + have been+过去分词 (二)被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8:00 am tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time. 请注意! 明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。 望大家准时参加。 2. 强调或突出动作的承受者 The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。 3. 动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。 [名师指津] 　 (1)动词短语在含被动语态的 句子中作谓语时,切不可丢掉后面的介词或 副词。 The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。 Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 (2)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态, 如:have,cost,lack,own,belong to,date from / back to,take part in。 It is an old custom that dates back to 4,000 years ago. 这是一个追溯到 4 000 年前的古老习俗。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 235 hh
#4 (3)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态, 如: happen / take place / occur, remain, last, break out,come out,come up,run out 等。 NASA said in a statement it hopes the small orbiting instrument could help predict a volcanic eruption before an explosion happens. 美国国家航空航天局在一份声明中表示,它 希望这个小型轨道仪器可以在火山爆发前帮 助做出预测。 (4)注意复合宾语的被动语态:当“动词+宾 语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构时,将宾 语变为被动结构中的主语,其余部分不动。 使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词等后 跟省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语时,其被动 结构要加 to。 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进大楼。 (三)主动形式表示被动意义的 4 种情况 1. 系 动 词, 如: smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove 等后 接形容词作表语,用主动形式 表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft. 这种羊毛衫摸起来 很软。 2. 表示主语的某种属性特征或 功能的动词,如: read, write, sell, wash, clean 等, 常 与 well, badly, easily, smoothly 等副词连用,用主动形式表示 被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? 你买了最近销售得很 好的那本书了吗? 3. 某些与 can􀆳t, won􀆳t 等连用 的不及物动词,如 open, shut, move 等,用主动形式表示被动 意义。 The door won􀆳t shut. 这扇门关不上。 4. 少数不及物动词用于进行 时,其主动形式表示被动意义, 如 print, cook, sell 等。 The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。 3  ———单句语法填空 1. Newly-developed robotic arms 　 　 　 　 ( show) on Tuesday in east China􀆳s Anhui Province. 2. The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, 　 　 　 　 (sell) out here. 3. Currently, about 35,000 works 　 　 　 　 (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. 4. The pen I bought yesterday 　 　 　 　 (write) smoothly. "? 被 动 语 态 的 判 断 方 法 主语动 词关系 判断法 如果主语为动作发出者,谓 语动词则多为主动语态 如果主语为动作承受者,谓 语动词则多为被动语态 含有情态动词 的被动语态 情态动词 + be done 动词特点 判断法 判断谓语动词是否用主动 形式表示被动意义 不能用于被动语态的动词 或动词短语使用主动语态 考点三 主谓一致 一、语法一致 1. 不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词一 般用单数形式。 但 what 引导的主语从句意义 上表示复数,或 what 从句中有两个(以上的) 动词,是表示复数意义的并列结构时,谓语动 词用复数形式。 Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower. 夏天在河里游泳是一项很好的运动,但冬天 在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。 What she has said leaves much for us to think about. 她说的话发人深省。 What we badly need are doctors. 我们急需的是医生。 What I say and think are none of your business. 我说什么、想什么与你无关。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 236 @专题二　 根深叶茂的“动词家族” 2. 如果主语后面有 as well as,with,along with, together with, rather than, but, except, including, in addition to, in common with 等 词加其他名词,谓语动词的数要与前面的主 语保持一致。 Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers was sent to the village school last week. 上周,现代化的教学设备和几百台电脑被送 到了那所乡村学校。 [名师指津] 　 (1)and, both􀆺and􀆺连接两个 不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但如果 由 and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 (2)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的 谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town, which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇,这个小镇非 常迷人。 (3)“many a / more than one+单数名词”作主 语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由 and 连接,谓 语动词仍用单数形式。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母不得不经历这种同样的痛苦过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 二、意义一致 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作 主语时,通常被看作整体,谓语动词用单数 形式。 Two thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a girl. 对一个女孩来说,2 000 美元是好多钱。 2. “ 分 数 /百 分 数 / a lot / plenty / the rest / the majority / half / most / some􀆺 + of +名词” 构成 的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由 短语中的名词来确定。 The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三,剩余部分 节省出来作为他用。 [名师指津] 　 “ a quantity / quantities+of+名 词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应根 据 quantity 的单复数形式而定。 A large quantity of washing machines has been sold. 大量的洗衣机已售出。 Large quantities of sand were washed down the hill by the rain. 雨水把大量的沙子从山上冲了下来。 3. “a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词 用复数形式,意为“许多”;“ the number of+名 词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,意 为“……的数量”。 The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 受到邀请的总共有 50 人,但其中有许多人因 为各种原因缺席了。 4. people, police 等集体名词作主语时,谓语动 词用复数形式。 family, team, class, audience 等作主语时,若指一个整体,谓语动词用单数 形式;若指组成集体的成员,则用复数形式。 The family as well as their dog were trapped on the roof by the flood yesterday. 昨天那家人还有他们的狗都被洪水困在了 屋顶。 5. “ the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数形式。 The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperienced. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 237 hh
#4 一方面,年轻人常认为老年人保守;另一方 面,老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。 三、就近一致 1. 由 or, either 􀆺 or 􀆺, neither 􀆺 nor 􀆺, not only􀆺but also􀆺, not􀆺but􀆺等连接并列主语 时,谓语动词的单复数形式常和离它最近的 主语保持一致。 Not only Peter but also his two sisters take great interest in the piano lessons. 不仅是彼得就连他的两个姐姐也对钢琴课有 极大的兴趣。 2. there be 句型中,两个或多个并列名词作主语 时,be 的形式与其最邻近的名词保持一致。 There is a computer and three chairs in my new office. 在我的新办公室里有一台电脑和三把椅子。 3  ———单句语法填空 1. Either you or one of your students 　 　 　 　 ( be ) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 2. Sharing food and drink 　 　 　 　 (be) one of everyday habits that should be changed forever after the coronavirus. 3. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 　 　 　 　 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 4. Amy, as well as her brothers, 　 　 　 　 (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 5. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building 　 　 　 　 ( remain) now. "? “四 看” 定 谓 语 单 复 数 看主语是第一、第二人称还是第三人称,确定 谓语动词形式 看到主语为动词-ing 形式、动词不定式或从 句,要想到谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式 看到 there be 等结构,要想到就近一致原则 看到“分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语,要 想到谓语的数取决于名词 26 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. ( 2024 · 河 南 焦 作 摸 底) In 2010, Pinnick moved all the way to Wudang from the US when he was just 20 years old and 　 　 　 　 ( form ) a deep connection with Wudang, martial arts and traditional Chinese culture ever since. 2. (2024·河南焦作摸底) In his view, martial arts and maintaining a peaceful mind 　 　 　 　 (be) practices worth pursuing. 3. (2024·河北石家庄期末)When receiving the letter last night, I didn􀆳t notice what 　 　 　 　 (mark) on the back of the letter. 4. (2024·广东六校期末) The inscription (碑 文) recorded the process of building the King of Medicine Temple in the county during the reign of Emperor Kangxi and 　 　 　 　 (describe) the grand occasions of temple fairs and humanistic stories at that time. 5. ( 2023 · 湖 南 长 沙 一 中 模 拟 ) China􀆳s modernization process over the past four decades 　 　 　 　 ( create) a new context where there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, generating something new and genuine. 6. ( 2023 · 湖 南 长 沙 一 中 模 拟 ) This new technology　 　 　 　 (be) as important then as the Internet is today for spreading of knowledge and communication. 7. ( 2023 ·山西吕梁模拟) The 2023 Chinese Language Day 　 　 　 　 (celebrate) under the theme of “ Chinese Wisdom for a Green World” by the UN. 8. (2023·安徽江淮十校联考)The lamp plate is on her left hand, while the right hand, covered by her sleeve, 　 　 　 　 ( carry ) the lampshade. 9. (2023·广东湛江模拟) By the mid- to late- eleventh century, the Song government 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 238 @专题二　 根深叶茂的“动词家族” (become) concerned about gunpowder technology spreading to other countries. 10. ( 2023 · 福 建 福 州 模 拟 ) It 　 　 　 　 (appeal) to not only scholars but also those outside the circles of archaeology. Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University􀆳s Academy of Arts and Design, has energized the life of these ancient symbols by featuring them in the biaoqingbao (emoticons) he developed. Ⅱ. 语篇专练(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致) 　 　 My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1. 　 　 　 　 ( remind) me of myself. In the past,I 2. 　 　 　 　 (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height,my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember. It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3. 　 　 　 　 (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn􀆳t help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise,someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes. I then knew it was our English teacher,Miss Li. She said,“You 4. 　 　 　 　 (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5. 　 　 　 　 ( accept) you for who you 6. 　 　 　 　 ( be) . But if you cannot accept yourself,then how will other people accept you?” I 7. 　 　 　 　 ( inspire) by her words. Over the past few months,I 8. 　 　 　 　 ( learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9. 　 　 　 　 ( love) me for who I am. Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10. 　 　 　 　 ( tell) me. Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用动词的时态和语态完成 句子) 1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)听到将为我 们安排英语口语课的消息,我们兴奋不已。 We􀆳re overwhelmed with excitement at the news that an oral English class 　 　 　 　 　 　 for us. 2. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)我还记得那是 一个春天的星期一早晨,老师把我叫到他的 办公室,告诉我我在写作比赛中得了第一名。 I still remember it was a Monday morning in spring, when my teacher 　 , telling me that I 　 in the writing contest. 3. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)第二天,我在 颁奖典礼上被授予了奖项和证书。 The next day, I 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 my award and a certificate at the ceremony. 4. (2023·全国乙卷书面表达)我感到很自豪, 我和我的父母分担家务,这也表明我长大了。 I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also 　 . 5. (2023·全国甲卷书面表达)在被广泛认可的 中国历史人物中,我认为范仲淹是最有影响 力的。 Among the Chinese historical figures that 　 　 　 　 　 　 , Fan Zhongyan 　 　 　 　 　 　 in my opinion. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第五讲　 非谓语动词 P5O 1. (2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 　 　 　 　 (borrow) some familiar words from many age- old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 　 　 　 　 ( intend) for everyone. 2. (2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 239 参 考 答 案　 bility of modern devices makes it easy for teachers to make theoretical explanations to their gifted students. Furthermore, millions of modern devices are able to pro- vide all kinds of entertainments to us hu- mans. In spite of all these advances, our scientific research and innovation is still on the way. Ⅱ. 读后续写微技能 修辞手法之“拟人” 1. ①ticked loudly and lazily ②a restless whispering wind ③as the moon played hide-and-seek ④as if it held the answers to ⑤continued to whisper outside 2. 　 　 The clock on the wall ticked loudly and lazily, as if I had enough time to spare. Outside the rattling windows there was a restless whispering wind. Besides, the room grew light and dark, and wondrous lights emerged from time to time, as the moon played hide-and- seek through the clouds. I sat at my desk, gazing at the clock, as if it held the answers to all my questions. The wind continued to whisper outside, as if it had a secret to share. [语法专题] 专题一　 语法必修课 第一讲　 八大句子成分 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空(从句子成分角度分析) 1. their　 空后的 use 为名词,应该用形容 词性物主代词来修饰,作定语。 2. steadily 　 grow 在此句中为实义动词, 故应用副词形式修饰。 3. honesty 　 that 从句中的主语是 “ the key”,与表语构成同位关系,所以此处 应用名词作表语。 4. taking 　 between... and...是固定结构, and 前后连接的是并列成分,因此 and 后需用动名词作宾语,和 staying 并列。 5. feel　 make 后常用不带 to 的不定式作 宾语补足语。 Ⅱ. 写出下列加黑词的句子成分 1. 宾语　 2. 表语　 3. 谓语　 4. 状语 5. 定语　 6. 补语　 7. 同位语　 8. 主语 第二讲　 八大基本句型 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 Ⅰ. 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式(填 代表字母) 1. B　 2. C　 3. E　 4. B　 5. D　 6. E 7. A　 8. C Ⅱ. 写出下列句子的类型 1. 主语+系动词+表语　 2. 主语+谓语+宾 语+宾语补足语 　 3. 主语+谓语+宾语 　 4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 　 5. 主 语+谓语+宾语+状语　 6. There be+主语+ 状语 Ⅲ.写出下列文中加下划线的句子的 类型 1. 主语+谓语　 2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语　 3. 主语+系动词+表语　 4. 主 语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语　 5. 主语+谓 语+宾语 第三讲　 科学分析长难句 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 分析长难句并翻译 1. 状　 定语　 时间状语 在第一部分中,我论述了数字极简主 义的哲学基础,首先探讨了到底是什 么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越 来越难以忍受,然后对数字极简主义 生活准则进行详细讨论。 2. 宾语　 定语　 traps 你将了解到这些参与者的故事,知悉 哪些策略对他们有效,以及他们遇到 了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。 3. 表语 　 时间状语 　 定语 　 smaller groups　 the averages 这项研究的重要发现是,当大的群体 被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论 时,这些群体(估算)的平均值比同样 数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 4. 原因状语　 伴随状 最近,由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意 丢弃,艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术 品的原材料,将书籍的封面、内页甚至 整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。 5. 定语　 language　 定语　 activities 为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个 可用的语言,它有助于帮助人们认识 和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。 6. 定语　 宾语　 时间状语 这种能够认识到需要将某个形状朝特 定方向转动才能合适的能力被称为 “异中心参照系”。 7. 同位语　 插入语　 时间状语 他们搬进了当地的一个家庭———哈里 森家。 和那家人一样,他们几乎没有 隐私,几乎不洗澡,当早上醒来时被子 上还有一层雪。 8. 定语　 方式状语 据一位政府官员说,今天的数字显示 了糖税的积极影响,它为体育设施和 学校更健康的饮食筹集了数百万英镑。 9. 目的状语　 定语　 主语 购买美国鸭票的每一美元中的 98 美分 都直接进入候鸟保护基金,用来购买 湿地和野生动物栖息地,以便纳入国 家野生动物保护系统,这一事实确保 了这片土地将受到保护,并为子孙后 代所用。 10. 让步状语 　 定语 　 popular beliefs 　 run　 宾语　 主系表 虽然关于情商的大众化观点远远超 出了研究所能提供的合理支持,但宣 传的总体效果是利大于弊。 专题二　 根深叶茂的 “动词家族” 第四讲　 动词的时态、 语态和主谓一致 􀪋􀪋 高考体验 􀪋􀪋 1. was amazed　 2. wished　 3. was fixing 4. threw　 5. addressed　 6. have promised 7. was built　 8. was　 9. has proved / proven 10. was painted 􀪋􀪋 语法精讲 􀪋􀪋 即学即练 1 1. are suffering　 2. sets　 3. have sought　 4. have been writing 即学即练 2 1. went　 2. were having　 3. had visited 4. would be / was going to be 即学即练 3 1. will have graduated from school 2. is going to deliver a speech 3. shall be landing 即学即练 4 1. burns 　 2. is playing 　 3. have taken 　 4. rose 即学即练 5 1. were shown 　 2. have been sold 　 3. are being displayed　 4. writes 即学即练 6 1. is　 2. is　 3. are　 4. was given 5. remains 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. has formed　 2. are　 3. was marked 4. described　 5. has created　 6. was 7. was celebrated　 8. carries 9. had become　 10. appeals / has appealed Ⅱ. 语篇专练(动词的时态、语态和主谓 一致) 1. reminds　 2. was 　 3. pointed 　 4. are 　 5. will accept　 6. are　 7. was inspired 8. have learned / learnt　 9. love　 10. told Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用动词的时态和语 态完成句子) 1. will be arranged 2. called me to his office 　 had taken the first place 3. was presented with 4. showed I had grown up 5. are widely acknowledged 　 is the most influential 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -547-