第二讲 八大基本句型-(讲义)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

@专题一　 语法必修课 5. 如果和句子没有语法联系, 是独立成分, 则 为插入语。 Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won􀆳t hesitate to open them and walk through. (be they real or metaphorical 为插入语) 当他们遇到生活中的其他门时,无论是真实 的还是比喻意义的,他们都会毫无顾虑地打 开那些门,走过去。 26 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空(从句子成分角度分析) 1. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 　 　 　 　 (they) use unconsciously􀆺 2. Instead, he hopes that his business will grow 　 　 　 　 (steady) . 3. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is 　 　 　 　 (honest) . 4. We can choose between staying at home and 　 　 　 　 ( take) a trip. 5. The position of the classroom with its view made me 　 　 　 　 (feel) like I was dreaming. Ⅱ. 写出下列加黑词的句子成分 1. Students can choose what they like to enrich their English-learning experiences. 　 　 　 　 2. The most popular approach is listening to English songs. 　 　 　 　 3. In addition, we should call on people around us to take action, too. 　 　 　 　 4. After a temporary hesitation, David nodded in agreement. 　 　 　 　 5. Silently, he just stared at the other participants who were warming up without saying anything. 　 　 　 　 6. We invited some foreign friends to see the film. 　 　 　 　 7. One day I got word that he was admitted to the hospital for a serious disease. 　 　 　 　 8. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第二讲　 八大基本句型 一、主语+谓语(S+V) 概要 例句 　 　 句子的谓语 动词都能表达完 整的意思,这类动 词叫作不及物动 词,后面可以跟副 词、介词短语、状 语从句等。 常见 的这类词有 appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise 等。 ∗The little boy 主语 is crying 谓语 . ∗His voice 主语 rose 谓语 suddenly. 二、主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 概要 例句 　 　 谓语动词 都具有实义, 都是主语发出 的动作, 但不 能表达完整的 意思,后面必 须 接 一 个 宾 语,即动作的 承受者, 才能 使意思完整, 这类动词叫作 及物动词。 ∗ Our programme 主语 mainly features on 谓语 campus life 宾语 and latest domestic and international news 宾语 . ∗ I 主语 am looking forward to 谓语 hearing 宾语 from you. ∗Online learning 主语 has 谓语 both advantages 宾语 and disadvantages 宾语 . ∗Their answers 主语 also show 谓语 that they dislike 宾语 talking to others. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 223 hh
#4 三、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 概要 例句 　 　 句子中的谓语 动词不能表达一个 完整的意思,必须加 上一个表明主语身 份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语,才能表 达完整的意思,这类 动词叫作系动词。 表示状态的系动词 有 be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain 等;表示转变或结果 的系动词有 become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove 等。 ∗ She 主语 looked 系动词 a little annoyed 表语 . ∗ “Talk and Talk” 主语 is 系动词 a popular program 表语 for native English speakers. ∗Three of the four Lincoln sons 主语 were 系动词 born 表语 here. ∗ It 主语 was 系动词 sweet 表语 and fresh 表语 . ∗ He 主语 became 系动词 a teacher 表语 of English. 四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+ DO) 概要 例句 　 　 有些谓语动词 后必须接两个宾语 才能表达完整的意 思。 这两个宾语一 个是动作的间接承 受者,即间接宾语, 另一个是动作的直 接承受者,即直接宾 语。 作间接宾语的 常常是 “ 人”, 作直 接 宾 语 的 常 常 是 “物”。 这种句型可 以转化为其他两种 句型: 动词+宾语+ for sb. ; 动 词 + 宾 语+to sb. 。 ∗ He 主语 gave 谓语 us 间接宾语 good advice 直接宾语 on the work. = He gave good advice on the work to us. 五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) 概要 例句 　 　 有些及物动词,如果只 跟一个宾语还不能表达完 整的意思,则须加上一个补 充成分来补足宾语,这样才 能使意思完整。 宾语与其 补足语有逻辑上的主谓关 系。 常用于这种句型的动 词有 appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name 等。 ∗With knowledge, we 主语 can make 谓语 our country 宾语 richer and stronger 宾语补足语 . ∗ I 主语 heard 谓语 him 宾语 singing 宾语补足语 in the room. 六、主语+谓语+状语(S+V+Ad) 概要 例句 　 　 状语修饰 谓语动词或整 个句子,谓语动 词为不及物动 词(短语)。 ∗His father 主语 has gone 谓语 abroad 状语 . ∗They 主语 talked 谓语 for half an hour 状语 . ∗The time 主语 passed 谓语 quickly 状语 . 七、主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+Ad) 概要 例句 　 　 副词 或介词短 语在句中 作状语,修 饰 谓 语 动词。 ∗ He 主语 knows 谓语 what to do 宾语 next 状语 . ∗ I 主语 had 谓语 my first maths class 宾语 in senior high 状语 . ∗ I 主语 waited for 谓语 him 宾语 at the school gate 状语 . 八、There be+主语+状语 概要 例句 　 　 用来表示人或事 物的存在、 出现等意 义,而且大多用于描述 性文章中,表示 “( 客 观) 存在、 有”。 这里 的 there 没有实际意 义,不可与副词“ there (那里)”混淆。 ∗ There are There be many things 主语 we can do to learn English 目的状语 well. ∗There was There be a car 主语 stolen last night 时间状语 . 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 224 @专题一　 语法必修课 26 Ⅰ. 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式(填代表 字母) A. S V(主+谓) 　 B. S V A(主+谓+状) C. S V O(主+谓+宾) D. S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) E. S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 1. They are playing happily in the park. (　 　 ) 2. Tom didn􀆳t do his homework yesterday. (　 　 ) 3. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (　 　 ) 4. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. (　 　 ) 5. My father bought me a new bike last week. (　 　 ) 6. They found the house decorated with beautiful flowers. (　 　 ) 7. That dream has come true. (　 　 ) 8. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. (　 　 ) Ⅱ. 写出下列句子的类型 1. The flower smells sweet. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 2. The news made us very surprised. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 3. He has accepted our invitation. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 4. At that moment, I saw a brave butterfly flying in the sky. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 5. I came across my English teacher in the supermarket. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 6. There are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Ⅲ. 写出下列文中加下划线的句子的类型 　 　 Albert Einstein said, “ If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal. ” 1. I agree. Goals are important in many ways. 2. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you develop good habits. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. 3. These habits will be helpful. Finally, 4. setting goals makes you more confident. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action. As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully 5. you will live a happy life. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第三讲　 科学分析长难句 一、揭开长难句的真面目 英语中长难句的特点往往是结构复杂,逻辑层 次多,通常是在主干成分的前面或后面增加一 些修饰语(modifier) 而使句子变长。 这些修饰 语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词), 也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不 定式短语、分词短语) 或从句等。 在高考试题 中, 英语句子常常以长难句形式出现。 We found the great hall full. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了。 →We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 →We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师, 他们在听 一个重要报告。 →We found the great hall full of students and 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 225 参 考 答 案　 bility of modern devices makes it easy for teachers to make theoretical explanations to their gifted students. Furthermore, millions of modern devices are able to pro- vide all kinds of entertainments to us hu- mans. In spite of all these advances, our scientific research and innovation is still on the way. Ⅱ. 读后续写微技能 修辞手法之“拟人” 1. ①ticked loudly and lazily ②a restless whispering wind ③as the moon played hide-and-seek ④as if it held the answers to ⑤continued to whisper outside 2. 　 　 The clock on the wall ticked loudly and lazily, as if I had enough time to spare. Outside the rattling windows there was a restless whispering wind. Besides, the room grew light and dark, and wondrous lights emerged from time to time, as the moon played hide-and- seek through the clouds. I sat at my desk, gazing at the clock, as if it held the answers to all my questions. The wind continued to whisper outside, as if it had a secret to share. [语法专题] 专题一　 语法必修课 第一讲　 八大句子成分 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空(从句子成分角度分析) 1. their　 空后的 use 为名词,应该用形容 词性物主代词来修饰,作定语。 2. steadily 　 grow 在此句中为实义动词, 故应用副词形式修饰。 3. honesty 　 that 从句中的主语是 “ the key”,与表语构成同位关系,所以此处 应用名词作表语。 4. taking 　 between... and...是固定结构, and 前后连接的是并列成分,因此 and 后需用动名词作宾语,和 staying 并列。 5. feel　 make 后常用不带 to 的不定式作 宾语补足语。 Ⅱ. 写出下列加黑词的句子成分 1. 宾语　 2. 表语　 3. 谓语　 4. 状语 5. 定语　 6. 补语　 7. 同位语　 8. 主语 第二讲　 八大基本句型 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 Ⅰ. 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式(填 代表字母) 1. B　 2. C　 3. E　 4. B　 5. D　 6. E 7. A　 8. C Ⅱ. 写出下列句子的类型 1. 主语+系动词+表语　 2. 主语+谓语+宾 语+宾语补足语 　 3. 主语+谓语+宾语 　 4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 　 5. 主 语+谓语+宾语+状语　 6. There be+主语+ 状语 Ⅲ.写出下列文中加下划线的句子的 类型 1. 主语+谓语　 2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语　 3. 主语+系动词+表语　 4. 主 语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语　 5. 主语+谓 语+宾语 第三讲　 科学分析长难句 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 分析长难句并翻译 1. 状　 定语　 时间状语 在第一部分中,我论述了数字极简主 义的哲学基础,首先探讨了到底是什 么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越 来越难以忍受,然后对数字极简主义 生活准则进行详细讨论。 2. 宾语　 定语　 traps 你将了解到这些参与者的故事,知悉 哪些策略对他们有效,以及他们遇到 了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。 3. 表语 　 时间状语 　 定语 　 smaller groups　 the averages 这项研究的重要发现是,当大的群体 被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论 时,这些群体(估算)的平均值比同样 数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 4. 原因状语　 伴随状 最近,由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意 丢弃,艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术 品的原材料,将书籍的封面、内页甚至 整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。 5. 定语　 language　 定语　 activities 为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个 可用的语言,它有助于帮助人们认识 和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。 6. 定语　 宾语　 时间状语 这种能够认识到需要将某个形状朝特 定方向转动才能合适的能力被称为 “异中心参照系”。 7. 同位语　 插入语　 时间状语 他们搬进了当地的一个家庭———哈里 森家。 和那家人一样,他们几乎没有 隐私,几乎不洗澡,当早上醒来时被子 上还有一层雪。 8. 定语　 方式状语 据一位政府官员说,今天的数字显示 了糖税的积极影响,它为体育设施和 学校更健康的饮食筹集了数百万英镑。 9. 目的状语　 定语　 主语 购买美国鸭票的每一美元中的 98 美分 都直接进入候鸟保护基金,用来购买 湿地和野生动物栖息地,以便纳入国 家野生动物保护系统,这一事实确保 了这片土地将受到保护,并为子孙后 代所用。 10. 让步状语 　 定语 　 popular beliefs 　 run　 宾语　 主系表 虽然关于情商的大众化观点远远超 出了研究所能提供的合理支持,但宣 传的总体效果是利大于弊。 专题二　 根深叶茂的 “动词家族” 第四讲　 动词的时态、 语态和主谓一致 􀪋􀪋 高考体验 􀪋􀪋 1. was amazed　 2. wished　 3. was fixing 4. threw　 5. addressed　 6. have promised 7. was built　 8. was　 9. has proved / proven 10. was painted 􀪋􀪋 语法精讲 􀪋􀪋 即学即练 1 1. are suffering　 2. sets　 3. have sought　 4. have been writing 即学即练 2 1. went　 2. were having　 3. had visited 4. would be / was going to be 即学即练 3 1. will have graduated from school 2. is going to deliver a speech 3. shall be landing 即学即练 4 1. burns 　 2. is playing 　 3. have taken 　 4. rose 即学即练 5 1. were shown 　 2. have been sold 　 3. are being displayed　 4. writes 即学即练 6 1. is　 2. is　 3. are　 4. was given 5. remains 􀪋􀪋 素养提能 􀪋􀪋 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. has formed　 2. are　 3. was marked 4. described　 5. has created　 6. was 7. was celebrated　 8. carries 9. had become　 10. appeals / has appealed Ⅱ. 语篇专练(动词的时态、语态和主谓 一致) 1. reminds　 2. was 　 3. pointed 　 4. are 　 5. will accept　 6. are　 7. was inspired 8. have learned / learnt　 9. love　 10. told Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用动词的时态和语 态完成句子) 1. will be arranged 2. called me to his office 　 had taken the first place 3. was presented with 4. showed I had grown up 5. are widely acknowledged 　 is the most influential 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -547-