内容正文:
hh:-
26
Ⅰ. 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式(填字母)
A. S
V(主+谓)
B. S
V
Ad(主+谓+状)
C. S
V
O(主+谓+宾)
D. S
V
IO
DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
E. S
V
O
C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
1. They
are
playing
happily
in
the
park. ( )
2. Tom
didnt
do
his
homework
yesterday.
( )
3. Did
you
see
Li
Ming
playing
football
on
the
playground
just
now? ( )
4. The
days
get
longer
and
longer
when
summer
comes. ( )
5. My
father
bought
me
a
new
bike
last
week.
( )
6. They
found
the
house
decorated
with
beautiful
flowers. ( )
7. They
arrived
here
at
10:00
yesterday
morning.
( )
8. The
old
man
sitting
at
the
gate
said
he
was
ill.
( )
Ⅱ. 写出下列句子的类型
1. The
flower
smells
sweet.
2. The
news
made
us
very
surprised.
3. He
has
accepted
our
invitation.
4. At
that
moment,
I
saw
a
brave
butterfly
flying
in
the
sky.
5. More
importantly,
I
have
earned
my
teammates
recognition
since
then.
6. There
are
a
variety
of
ways
to
learn
English
beyond
the
classroom
with
the
development
of
modern
technology.
Ⅲ. 写出下列文中加下划线的句子的类型
Albert
Einstein
said,
“ If
you
want
to
live
a
happy
life,
tie
it
to
a
goal. ”
1. I
agree.
Goals
are
important
in
many
ways.
2. Setting
goals
gives
you
a
focus
in
life.
By
setting
goals
now,
you
are
deciding
what
you
want
to
achieve
in
the
future.
Then
you
know
where
you
are
going
in
life
and
can
work
hard
to
get
there.
Setting
goals
also
helps
you
develop
good
habits.
To
realize
your
goals,
you
need
to
have
a
good
plan,
manage
your
time
well
and
pay
attention
to
details.
3. These
habits
will
be
helpful.
Finally,
4. setting
goals
makes
you
more
confident.
When
you
achieve
a
goal,
you
see
the
result
of
your
hard
work
and
know
how
much
progress
you
have
made.
A
goal
is
a
dream
that
needs
action.
As
a
result
of
your
action,
your
dream
will
come
true
and
hopefully
5. you
will
live
a
happy
life.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
第三讲 科学分析长难句
一、揭开长难句的真面目
英语中长难句的特点往往是结构复杂,逻
辑层次多,通常是在主干成分的前面或后面增
加一些修饰语(modifier) 而使句子变长。 这些
修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数
词),
也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短
语、不定式短语、分词短语) 或从句等。 在高考
试题中,
英语句子常常以长难句形式出现。
We
found
the
great
hall
full.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了。
→We
found
the
great
hall
full
of
students
and
teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
→We
found
the
great
hall
full
of
students
and
teachers
listening
to
an
important
report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,
他们在听
一个重要报告。
250
@专题一 语法必修课
→We
found
the
great
hall
full
of
students
and
teachers
listening
to
an
important
report
made
by
a
comrade
from
Peoples
Daily
on
current
affairs
in
East
Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,
他们在听
《人民日报》的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要
报告。
二、识破长难句的 3 种形式
正确分析英语长难句是英语语法的综合运
用和能力的体现。 一般长难句有 3 种形式:
1. 含有分隔结构的句子
分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现,
它的
作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句
子结构。 大体分为两类:
其他成分插入和正
常句子成分顺序调整。
The
reason,believe
it
or
not,why
he
was
late
was
really
true.
不论相信与否,
他迟到的理由确实是真的。
We
often
say
that
there
are
no
places
left
on
the
earth
where
the
foot
of
man
has
not
trodden.
(where 引导定语从句,
其先行词是
places,
过去分词短语 left
on
the
earth 也修饰
places)
我们常说地球上没有地方是绝无人迹的。
These
days,safety
regulations—not
to
mention
the
modern
sports
fans
desire
for
a
good
view
and
a
comfortable
seat—tend
to
keep
stadium
capacities
slightly
lower.
(破折号之
间的部分 not
to
mention
the
modern
sports
fans
desire
for
a
good
view
and
a
comfortable
seat 为插入语)
现在,由于安全规定,体育馆的容量有所减
少,更不用说现代体育爱好者希望有良好的
视野和舒适的座椅。
[名师指津] 在理解时,
要先理解插入语以
外的句子内容,
再理解插入语,
即“先读两
端,
再读中间”。 多数插入语都位于双逗号或
双破折号之间,
和句子其他部分显性地隔离
开来。 难点在于,
插入语部分可能会嵌套其
他特殊结构,
或者有多层修饰成分,
从而增
加理解难度。
2. 被从句拉长的简单句
这类句子较长,
有时甚至出现一个从句
套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。 在阅读过
程中往往读了几遍,
还搞不清整个句子的结
构。 常用来拉长简单句的是定语从句和状语
从句。
In
the
future, the
team
hopes
to
develop
a
version
of
the
technology
that
can
be
sprayed
onto
plant
leaves
in
a
one-off
treatment
that
would
last
the
plants
lifetime.
(本句主干结
构是个“主谓宾”结构的简单句,其中 that 引
导的两个定语从句拉长了句子)
未来,
该团队希望能开发出一种可以一次性
喷洒到植物叶子上就能延长植物寿命的
技术。
[名师指津] ①对于这种类型的长句,
首先
确定“主干结构”,
然后理清从句结构,
再按
照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意,
再联
系上下文看是否与语境相吻合。 如果前后文
理不通,
则可能是分析有误,
这时就需要重
新对句子结构进行分析。
②对于复合句,
首先找出从属连词并确定主
句,
接着按照简单句的分析方法,
梳理各分
句的结构和意义,
然后确定各从句的性质,
也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词
语或结构,
最后综合考虑全句大意。
3. 多个并列句构成的长句
首先找到并列连词 ( and,
so,
but,
or,
etc. ),
然后将长句分解成多个分句,
理清各
分句的内部结构和句意,
然后再综合考虑全
句,
即可明确整句话想表达的意思。
His
job
is
to
sit
beside
the
pianist
and
turn
the
pages
of
the
score
so
the
musician
doesnt
have
to
break
the
flow
of
sound
by
doing
it
themselves.
[本句为并列句,so
为并列连词,
连接两个并列的句子。 前一句主干为 His
job
is
to
sit...and
( to)
turn...,为主系表结构,两个
并列的动词不定式作表语,第二个不定式为了
避免重复,省掉了 to。 后一句谓语为 doesnt
251
hh:-
have
to
break,by
doing
it
themselves
作方式
状语。]
他的工作是坐在钢琴家一旁为他 /她翻曲谱,
这样钢琴家就不用亲自翻谱子,也就避免了
音乐中断。
[名师指津] 在进行长难句分析时,
还应特
别注意以下几点:
①是否有省略、倒装等现象;
②明确替代词的指代对象;
③判断并列成分的层次;
④句首的并列连词 and,or,but,for 通常起承
上启下的作用,
不要将它们归入后文的句法
分析;
⑤在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中,
要准
确判断状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全
句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
26
分析长难句并翻译
1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) In
part
one,
I
describe
the
philosophical
foundations
of
digital
minimalism,
starting
with
an
examination
of
the
forces
that
are
making
so
many
peoples
digital
lives
increasingly
intolerable,
before
moving
on
to
a
detailed
discussion
of
the
digital
minimalism
philosophy.
[分析] starting
with
an
examination
of
the
forces 为现在分词短语作 ;that
are
making
so
many
peoples
digital
lives
increasingly
intolerable 为 that 引导的 从句,修饰先
行词 forces; before
moving
on
to
a
detailed
discussion
of
the
digital
minimalism
philosophy
在句中作 。
[翻译]
2. ( 2023 · 新 课 标 Ⅰ 卷 ) Youll
hear
these
participants
stories
and
learn
what
strategies
worked
well
for
them,
and
what
traps
they
encountered
that
you
should
avoid.
[分析] learn 后有两个 what 引导的 从
句;that 引导 从句,修饰先行词 。
[翻译]
3. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) The
key
finding
of
the
study
was
that
when
crowds
were
further
divided
into
smaller
groups
that
were
allowed
to
have
a
discussion,
the
averages
from
these
groups
were
more
accurate
than
those
from
an
equal
number
of
independent
individuals.
[分析] 本句主干是主系表结构: The
key
finding
of
the
study
was
that...; that 引导的
从句由一个主从复合句构成,其中 when
引导的 从句中又包含一个 that 引导
的 从句,修饰先行词 ,表语从句
中的主句 the
averages
from
these
groups
were
more
accurate
than
those
from
an
equal
number
of
independent
individuals 中 的
those 指 代
。
[翻译]
4. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)More
recently,
as
books
have
become
inexpensive
or
even
throwaway,
artists
have
used
them
as
the
raw
material
for
artworks—transforming
covers,
pages
or
even
complete
volumes
into
paintings
and
sculptures.
[分析]本句为主从复合句,主句的主干为
artists
have
used
them
as
the
raw
material
for
artworks。 第一个 as 引导 从句,主句
后的动词-ing 短语作 。
[翻译]
5. ( 2023 · 新 课 标 Ⅱ 卷) Naming
each
nature
experience
creates
a
usable
language,
which
helps
people
recognize
and
take
part
in
the
activities
that
are
most
satisfying
and
meaningful
to
them.
252
@专题一 语法必修课
[分 析 ] 句 子 主 干 是 Naming
each
nature
experience
creates
a
usable
language;which
引
导 从句,修饰先行词 ,该从句中
又包含另一个 从句 that
are
most
satisfying
and
meaningful
to
them,修饰先行词 。
[翻译]
6. (2022·全国甲卷) This
ability
to
recognize
that
a
shape
will
need
to
be
turned
in
a
specific
direction
before
it
will
fit
is
called
an
“allocentric
frame
of
reference” .
[分析]本句的主干为 This
ability
is
called
an
“allocentric
frame
of
reference”;
to
recognize
that
a
shape
will
need
to
be
turned
in
a
specific
direction
before
it
will
fit 作后置 ,修饰
ability,其中包含一个由 that 引导的 从
句,作 recognize 的宾语,而这个从句中又包含
一个由 before 引导的 从句。
[翻译]
7. (2022·全国乙卷)They
moved
in
with
a
local
family,
the
Harrisons,
and,
like
them,
had
little
privacy,
rare
baths,
and
a
blanket
of
snow
on
their
quilt
when
they
woke
up
in
the
morning.
[分析]本句的主干为 They
moved
in
and
had
little
privacy,
rare
baths,
and
a
blanket
of
snow;
the
Harrisons 为 a
local
family 的
,
like
them 为 作状语,
when
they
woke
up
in
the
morning 为 从句。
[翻译]
8. (2022·全国乙卷)Todays
figures,
according
to
one
government
official,
show
the
positive
influence
the
sugar
tax
is
having
by
raising
millions
of
pounds
for
sports
facilities
(设施)
and
healthier
eating
in
schools.
[分析]本句的主干为 Todays
figures
show
the
positive
influence; according
to
one
government
official 为插入语,
the
sugar
tax
is
having 为省略关系代词的 从句,修饰先
行词
influence;介宾短语 by
raising
millions
of
pounds
for
sports
facilities
and
healthier
eating
in
schools 在句子中作 。
[翻译]
9. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)About
98
cents
of
every
duck
stamp
dollar
goes
directly
into
the
Migratory
Bird
Conservation
Fund
to
purchase
wetlands
and
wildlife
habitat
for
inclusion
into
the
National
Wildlife
Refuge
System—a
fact
that
ensures
this
land
will
be
protected
and
available
for
all
generations
to
come.
[分析]本句的主干为 About
98
cents
of
every
duck
stamp
dollar
goes
into
the
Migratory
Bird
Conservation
Fund。 to
purchase...作
。 后面的 a
fact 解释说明前面的情况,
that 引导的句子为 fact 的 从句,that 在其
中作 。
[翻译]
10. ( 2021 · 新 高 考 Ⅰ 卷 ) Although
popular
beliefs
regarding
emotional
intelligence
run
far
ahead
of
what
research
can
reasonably
support,
the
overall
effects
of
the
publicity
have
been
more
beneficial
than
harmful.
[分析]Although
引导 从句,介词短
语 regarding
emotional
intelligence 作 ,
修饰主语 ,谓语是 ,what 引导
的为 ahead
of
的 从句。 主句为
结构,其中主语为 the
overall
effects
of
the
publicity。
[翻译]
253
参
考
答
案
⑥Embrace
every
lesson
and
every
drill
refresh
your
understanding
and
broaden
your
mind
⑦In
conclusion seek
knowledge
both
in
books
and
in
experience
⑧make
this
year
more
worthwhile
Step
2
⑨As
we
gather
together
today,
I
want
to
share
a
timeless
saying:
“Live
as
if
you
were
to
die
tomorrow.
Learn
as
if
you
were
to
live
forever. ”
⑩The
objective
is
not
just
to
qualify
us
for
a
degree
criterion
but
to
attain
a
level
of
competence
and
reasoning
skills
that
will
serve
us
in
life.
Step
3
Dear
students,
As
we
gather
together
today,
I
want
to
share
a
timeless
saying:
“Live
as
if
you
were
to
die
tomorrow.
Learn
as
if
you
were
to
live
forever. ”
This
abstract
con-
cept
emphasizes
the
importance
of
continu-
ous
learning.
In
the
meantime,
we
are
bound
to
face
challenges,
but
with
resolve,
we
can
overcome
them.
The
objective
is
not
just
to
qualify
us
for
a
degree
Criterion
but
to
attain
a
level
of
competence
and
reasoning
skills
that
will
serve
us
in
life.
Embrace
every
lesson
and
every
drill
as
an
opportu-
nity
to
refresh
your
understanding
and
broaden
your
mind.
In
conclusion,
seek
knowledge
both
in
books
and
in
experience.
Lets
make
this
year
more
worthwhile!
Thank
you!
Ⅱ. 读后续写微技能
1. ①ticked
loudly
and
lazily
②a
restless
whispering
wind
③as
the
moon
played
hide-and-seek
④as
if
it
held
the
answers
to
⑤continued
to
whisper
outside
2. The
clock
on
the
wall
ticked
loudly
and
lazily,
as
if
I
had
enough
time
to
spare.
Outside
the
rattling
windows
there
was
a
restless
whispering
wind.
Besides,
the
room
grew
light
and
dark,
and
wondrous
lights
emerged
from
time
to
time,
as
the
moon
played
hide-and-
seek
through
the
clouds.
I
sat
at
my
desk,
gazing
at
the
clock,
as
if
it
held
the
answers
to
all
my
questions.
The
wind
continued
to
whisper
outside,
as
if
it
had
a
secret
to
share.
维度四 中国文化盘点———米粒艺术品
本文介绍陈国锐继承和发扬百年传
统手工艺———高楼米线,他用米粒制作
各种艺术品,并将其传承给后代。
1. that 考查定语从句。 句意:陈国锐找
到了一条道路去传承用小米粒制作各
种各样工艺品的百年技艺,并将其代
代相传。 此处为定语从句,其先行词
为 craft,指物,在从句中作主语,应用
关系代词 that 引导。 故填 that。
2. until 考查连词。 句意:直到 2016 年,
他才从一位老村民那里听说,他的家
乡有用将米粒制作成各种形状的传统
手艺。 此处 not...until 表示“直到……
才”。 故填 until。
3. Called 考查非谓语动词。 句意:这种
艺术形式被称为“高楼米线”,起源于
清朝末期,并在民国时期达到了鼎盛。
此处表示“被称为”应用过去分词。 句
首单词首字母须大写。 故填 Called。
4. for 考查介词。 句意:这些艺术品被
用来祭祀祖先和祈求丰收。 pray
for
“祈求”,符合语境。 故填 for。
5. to
follow 考查非谓语动词。 句意:作
为村里的居民,我认为我们年轻人有
义务传承这一传统,尽管困难重重。
此处为“
its+adj. +for
sb.
to
do
sth. ”
结构,表示“做某事对某人来说是……
的”。 故填 to
follow。
6. memories 考查名词复数。 句意:他拜
访了一些仍然记得这种艺术的老年村
民,并开始探索如何复兴它。 此处表
示“记忆”,且空前无限定词,应用名词
复数。 故填 memories。
7. doing 考查非谓语动词。 句意:经过
一系列用不同种类的米粒和胶水做实
验后,陈国锐发现了一种泰国米非常
完美,而且某种环氧树脂用作胶水是
合适的。 after 是介词,后面应该使用
动词-ing 形式。 故填 doing。
8. suitable 考查形容词。 句意同上。 be
suitable
to
do “适合做 ……” 是固定
短语。
9. was
added 考查动词时态、语态和主
谓一致。 句意:2018 年,“高楼米线”被
列入城市级非物质文化遗产名录。 此
处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过
去时,且主语 gaoloumixian 为单数,与
动词 add 之间为被动关系,应用一般过
去时的被动语态。 故填 was
added。
10. especially 考查副词。 句意:他所工
作的小学成立了一个专门用于教授
这些工艺技能的培训基地。 此处修
饰整个句子,应用副词。 故填 espe-
cially。
[语法专题]
专题一 语法必修课
第一讲 八大句子成分
素养提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空(从句子成分角度分析)
1. their 空后的 use 为名词,应该用形容
词性物主代词来修饰,作定语。
2. steadily grow 在此句中为实义动词,
故应用副词形式修饰。
3. honesty that 从句中的主语是 “ the
key”,与表语构成同位关系,所以此处
应用名词作表语。
4. taking between... and...是固定结构,
and 前后连接的是并列成分,因此 and
后须用动名词作宾语,和 staying 并列。
5. feel make 后常用不带 to 的不定式作
宾语补足语。
Ⅱ. 写出下列加黑词的句子成分
1. 宾语 2. 表语 3. 谓语 4. 状语
5. 定语 6. 补语 7. 同位语 8. 主语
第二讲 八大基本句型
素养提能
Ⅰ. 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式(填
字母)
1. B 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. D 6. E
7. A 8. C
Ⅱ. 写出下列句子的类型
1. 主语+系动词+表语 2. 主语+谓语+宾
语+宾语补足语 3. 主语+谓语+宾语
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语
6. There
be+主语+状语
Ⅲ. 写出下列文中加下划线的句子的
类型
1. 主语+谓语
2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
3. 主语+系动词+表语
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
5. 主语+谓语+宾语
第三讲 科学分析长难句
素养提能
分析长难句并翻译
1. 状语 定语 时间状语
在第一部分中,我论述了数学极简主
义的哲学基础,首先探讨了到底是什
么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越
来越难以忍受,然后对数字极简主义
哲学进行详细讨论。
2. 宾语 定语 traps
你将了解到这些参与者的故事,知悉
哪些策略对他们有效,以及他们遇到
了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。
3. 表语 条件状语 定语 smaller
groups the
averages
这项研究的重要发现是,当大的群体
被进一步分成更小的群体并被允许讨
论时,这些群体(估算)的平均值比同
样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
4. 原因状语 伴随状语
最近,由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意
丢弃,艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术
品的原材料,将书籍的封面、内页甚至
整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。
5. 定语 language 定语 activities
为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一种
可用的语言,它有助于帮助人们认识
和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。
6. 定语 宾语 时间状语
这种能够认识到需要将某个形状朝特
定方向转动才能合适的能力被称为
“异中心参照系”。
7. 同位语 插入语 时间状语
他们搬进了当地的一个家庭———哈里
森家。 和那家人一样,他们几乎没有
隐私,几乎不洗澡,当早上醒来时被子
上还有一层雪。
8. 定语 方式状语
据一位政府官员说,今天的数字显示
了糖税的积极影响,它为体育设施和
学校更健康的饮食筹集了数百万英镑。
9. 目的状语 定语 主语
购买美国鸭票的每一美元中的 98 美分
都直接进入候鸟保护基金,用来购买
湿地和野生动物栖息地,以便纳入国
家野生动物保护系统,这一事实确保
了这片土地将受到保护,并为子孙后
代所用。
10. 让步状语 定语 popular
beliefs
run 宾语 主系表
虽然关于情商的大众化观点远远超
出了研究所能提供的合理支持,但宣
传的总体效果是利大于弊的。
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