课时作业16 The Value of Money&写作专练(三)-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(人教版2019)

必修第三册　 3 课时作业 16　 THE VALUE OF MONEY Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·河南郑州高三考前模拟) My Favourite Books —Posted by Catherine Chung, a great writer Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang This collection contains several maths stories. The one I recommend is Division By Zero,about Jane Parkinson,a brilliant German mathematician. To her great despair, she ends up proving that mathematics is inconsistent and is able to prove that any two numbers are equal. A beautiful, thought-provoking ( 发 人 深 省 的 ) story about belief,understanding,and faith. The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa It􀆳s about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician. Due to a brain injury,he has only 80 minutes of short-term memory available to him before he forgets everything. It is filled with beautiful maths, simply and clearly described alongside finely drawn relationships between the characters. Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics. The Ore Miner􀆳s Wife by Karl Iagnemma It is about a miner who thinks he􀆳s discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. His wife, not knowing what has suddenly taken his attention and his time, fears he is being unfaithful. A moving exploration of the joys of entering a problem whole and the desire and impossibility of truly knowing those we love. 1. Who does“ I” refer to in paragraph 1? A. Catherine Chung. B. Ted Chiang. C. Jane Parkinson. D. Yoko Ogawa. 2. Which book is about a pioneering Russian woman mathematician? A. Stories of Your Life and Others. B. The Housekeeper and the Professor. C. Too Much Happiness. D. The Ore Miner􀆳s Wife. 3. What do the listed books have in common? A. They tell love stories. B. They involve mathematics. C. They explore human relationship. D. They reveal people􀆳s inner world. # (2023·山西省际名校高三联考) What do you want from life? Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things? Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness. Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -533- hh
3+ call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it. But maximizing pleasure isn􀆳t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result. There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people. But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage (人质) to fortune. Events beyond any individual􀆳s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics— will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it􀆳s a practice which we hone(磨炼), imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making. Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory ( 虚幻的) hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them. 4. Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”? A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5. 5. How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive? A. By making comparisons. B. By analyzing causes. C. By giving examples. D. By telling stories. 6. What is Aristotle􀆳s view on happiness? A. Happiness is a stable emotional state. B. Good personal relationships lead to happiness. C. Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness. D. Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. Happiness is what humans pursue forever. B. Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it. C. Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect. D. Depression and happiness are equally important. Ⅱ. 阅读七选五 (2023·河南平顶山二模) We often try to save money for a variety of reasons. It might be to save up for a new computer, put money aside into a rainy-day fund or put a deposit ( 押金) down for a loan on a house. 　 1　 , but a recent study showed that over half of all 22- 29-year-olds living in the UK have no savings at all. Did they splurge (挥霍) and splash out (花大笔钱) on too many things, or are there other factors? And how can we become better savers? Many young people in the UK choose to live far away from home, and the cost of renting can impact the amount we can put away in our savings. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -534- 必修第三册　 3 On top of that, according to a 2017 study, there is a huge pay gap in people in their twenties in the UK, with the top 10% earning 4. 3 times per week as the lowest earners. 　 2　 . However, there was positive, with the number of people in debt, not including student loans for university, having fallen from 49% 10 years ago to 37%. 　 3　 . First of all, put a stop to those impulse (冲动) buys. Ask yourself if you really need to buy something, even if it is on sale or looks like a bargain. One way you could control your spending urges is by using cash rather than card. Withdrawing cash before you go to a restaurant or go shopping sets a fixed budget you must adhere (遵守) to. 　 4　 . Finally, setting up a standing order from your current account into your savings just after you receive your salary will ensure you have some money set aside for a time that you might need it. Just after getting paid is a good idea for this as it means you save before you􀆳ve had the chance to spend. While there is some good news about debt for the twenty-somethings in the UK, the fact that over half have no savings is seen as a cause for concern. While it could be due to some economic disparity (不同), there may be some other factors at play. 　 5　 . A. Sometimes we get the urge to spend money B. Also, any change when you􀆳re using cash can be put in the jar or into your account C. Possibly the idea of “ saving more when I earn more” has happened D. If we want to improve our ability to save, there are several ways E. However, there are some steps we can take to help us all become better savers F. Learning how to save is important G. Therefore, it is important for us to be good savers Ⅲ. 语法填空 (2024·河北石家庄高三月考) The Chinese couplet ( 对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper for 　 1　 (appreciate) . As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet 　 2　 (vary) in content and style. Some express people􀆳s love to their motherland, some describe the beauty of nature, 　 3　 some convey best wishes for the coming year. Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and 　 4　 (become) ubiquitous (无处 不在) in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was a custom for people 　 5　 ( hang ) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival. Nowadays, couplets are used 　 6　 a similar way. It was said that the 　 7　 (early) couplet was written by Meng Xu, king of Houshu State and it was 　 8　 ( extreme ) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty. Since the Ming Dynasty, to write couplets 　 9　 ( regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars. The couplet has two equal-length lines. However, 　 10　 number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more. The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns. The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone (仄声), and its opposite in the second line, of a level tone (平声) . 1. 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -535- hh
3+ 写作专练(三) Ⅰ. 应用文写作 (2023·浙江东阳模拟) 假定你是李华,你的外国朋友 Peter 结束了 在中国的学习即将回国,你打算送他一幅写有励 志成语(文中可用拼音表达) 的中文书法作品。 请你附一封英文信告知他此礼物的含义,内容 包括: 1. 成语的内涵; 2. 临别的祝福。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Dear Peter, 　 　 　 　 　 Yours, Li Hua Ⅱ. 读后续写 (2023·江苏新高考基地学校第五次大联考) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头 语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Another term had started and I had to attend the first lecture of the new course. The lecturer told us to make groups of two students for a project. I looked to the right and there was my classmate Jack sitting there. And I decided myself that he would be my group member. On the left side, there was an older woman who was from an open university. We talked about the project and decided to make a group of three. During the break, she told me that, last year, she didn􀆳t manage to pass the course, so she would try again. Later we got an email from our lecturer saying it was not allowed to make groups of three students. The old lady then tried to find some groups, but failed. I knew she wouldn􀆳t find other groups, so I told her that we could do the project together. I had to say goodbye to Jack. After many meetings, we finished the project. In the last meeting, I told her I had difficulty in finding a summer job. I was living in a small town and there weren􀆳t many jobs available and neither had I any previous experience. She advised me to keep doing it, as one would finally answer someday. She then thanked me for helping her and before leaving she said “see you” . Two weeks later, I got an email from a company saying they had received my job application and decided to call me for a job interview. I appeared for the interview and answered the questions interviewers raised. In the end, they asked me where I had learned about the open job position. In fact, I had no idea so I told them I didn􀆳t remember well. They called me three days later and told me I could start in May. That would be the first time I would be working as a software engineer and I couldn􀆳t describe what I felt like. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car. 　 　 　 　 　 She told me that she really understood me at that time. 　 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -536- hh
3+ 10. A 　 根据下文 “ underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack”可知,作者需要到卡车 下面去安装千斤顶,所以是爬到卡车下面。 故选 A。 crawl 爬行;kneel 跪; slide 滑动; stretch 延伸。 11. B　 根据上文“ I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning􀆳s collection” 以及 “ the ill-smelling truck” 可 知,卡车里面装满了垃圾,所以滴落的液体 也是难闻的。 故选 B。 fragrant 芳香的; unpleasant 令人不愉快的,讨厌的; thick 浓 稠的;colorless 无色的,苍白的。 12. A　 根据上文内容可知,作者在轮胎店里上 班很累,所以干完一天活后,通常是精疲力 竭。 故 选 A。 worn out 疲 惫 不 堪 的; confused 困惑的;left out 被忽略;upset 心烦 的,不适的。 13. B　 根据上文“After a day at the tire shop, I was often 　 12　 , covered in dirt. ”可知,作 者上完一天班后通常是精疲力竭,而下文 “ employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment”则说明工作虽然很累,作者却感 到很有收获。 两句间存在转折关系。 故选 B。 Besides 此外;However 然而;Therefore 因此;Otherwise 否则。 14. D　 根据上文“whenever I return and visit the tire shop”可知,下文是作者在重新回到 轮胎店的时候的感想,所以作者是回想起 自己曾经的工作。 故选 D。 describe 描述; recognize 认出;spot 注意到;recall 回忆。 15. D　 根据上文“ employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment” 可知,工作可以带来满足 感。 故选 D。 curiosity 好奇;ambition 野心; relief 宽慰,轻松;satisfaction 满足,满意。 课时作业 16　 THE VALUE OF MONEY Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。 文章以 “My Favourite Books ” 为 题, 介 绍 了 作 家 Catherine Chung 最喜欢的书籍。 1. A 　 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 文 章 标 题 “ My Favourite Books—Posted by Catherine Chung, a great writer” 可知,本文以作家 Catherine Chung 为第一视角,介绍她喜欢的 书,由此可知文中的第一人称 I,指的是 Catherine Chung。 故选 A 项。 2. C　 细节理解题。 根据 Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro 部分内容“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics. ” 可知, Too Much Happiness 这本书是关于俄罗斯先驱女数学 家科瓦列夫斯卡娅的。 故选 C 项。 3. B　 细节理解题。 根据 Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang 部分内容中的 “ This collection contains several maths stories. ”;The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa 部分内容中的“ It􀆳s about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician. ”; Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro 部分内容中的 “ Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician” 以及 The Ore Miner􀆳s Wife by Karl Iagnemma 部分内容 中的 “ It is about a miner who thinks he􀆳s discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. ”可 知,列出的书籍具有的共同点是它们都包括 数学。 故选 B 项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。 文章对 对于幸福的追求究竟是什么进行了阐述,得出 的结论是:人们 对 于 幸 福 的 追 求 并 不 是 完 美的。 4. A 　 细节理解题。 根据第二段“Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. ”可知,在第二段可以找到过于关 注“幸福”的负面影响。 故选 A 项。 5. C　 推理判断题。 根据第三段内容可知,作 者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的 结果。 故选 C 项。 6. B　 细节理解题。 根据第四段中“ In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people. ”可知,在亚里士多德看来,“幸福并 不是个体的情感状态,需要我们与他人培养 良好的关系”。 故选 B 项。 7. C　 主旨大意题。 纵观全文可知,文章第一 段通过设问的方式引出话题;第二段指出, 现如今人们过分追求幸福而产生的负面影 响;第三至六段表明,过分追求幸福、将幸福 最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。 因此,人们 对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。 故选 C 项。 Ⅱ. 阅读七选五 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了如何才能成为更好的储蓄者。 1. F　 根据前句“ It might be to save up for a new computer, put money aside into a rainy- day fund or put a deposit (押金) down for a loan on a house. ” 和后半句 “ but a recent study showed that over half of all 22-29-year- olds living in the UK have no savings at all” 可知,前后句构成转折关系,我们经常努力省 钱,但年轻人很少有存款。 F 项 “ Learning how to save is important”符合上下文语境。 故选 F。 2. C　 根据前句“On top of that, according to a 2017 study, there is a huge pay gap in people in their twenties in the UK, with the top 10% earning 4. 3 times per week as the lowest earners. ”可知,在英国,二十多岁的年轻人 收入有很大的差距,这就导致一部分人慢慢 形成了一种风气:等我赚多点钱的时候我再 多攒钱。 C 项“Possibly the idea of ‘ saving more when I earn more’ has happened”符合 上下文语境。 故选 C。 3. D　 本空位于句首,概括段落主旨。 根据本 段内容可知,本段介绍了三个存钱的方法。 D 项 “ If we want to improve our ability to save, there are several ways”符合本段主旨。 故选 D。 4. B　 根据本段中的“First of all, put a stop to those impulse ( 冲 动) buys. ” 和 “ Finally, setting up a standing order from your current account into your savings just after you receive your salary will ensure you have some money set aside for a time that you might need it. ”可知,本空应该是与之并列的内容, 介绍存 钱 的 具 体 方 法。 B 项 “ Also, any change when you􀆳re using cash can be put in the jar or into your account” 符合上下文语 境。 故选 B。 5. E　 根据前文“While there is some good news about debt for the twenty-somethings in the UK, the fact that over half have no savings is seen as a cause for concern. While it could be due to some economic disparity (不 同) , there may be some other factors at play. ”可 知,英国 20 多岁的年轻人没有存款可能是 由于经济或者其他因素,但是,仍然还可以 采取 措 施 成 为 优 秀 的 攒 钱 人。 E 项 “However, there are some steps we can take to help us all become better savers”符合上下 文语境。 故选 E。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍了中国对 联 的 形 式, 表 达 意 义 和 起 源 等 信息。 1. appreciation　 考查名词。 句意:中国的对联 是指遵循一定规则的两行诗,通常写在红纸 上供欣赏。 设空处在介词 for 后,应用名词 作 宾 语。 appreciate 的 名 词 形 式 为 appreciation,意为 “欣赏”, 不 可 数。 故 填 appreciation。 2. varies　 考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句意: 作为中国文学的一种形式,对联的内容和风 格各不相同。 设空处为谓语,描述客观事 实,用一般现在时;主语是 the couplet,谓语 用第三人称单数形式。 故填 varies。 3. and　 考查连词。 句意:有的表达了人们对 祖国的爱,有的描述了自然的美丽,还有的 表达了对来年的美好祝愿。 分析句子成分 可知,三个句子是并列的关系,后面两个句 子应用 and 连接。 故填 and。 4. became　 考查动词时态。 句意:中国的对联 起源于五代,在明清时期变得普遍。 设空处 为谓语动词,根据上下文语境可知应用一般 过去时,故填 became。 5. to hang　 考查不定式。 句意:人们在春节期 间挂桃木符咒来驱魔是一种习俗。 本句的 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式。 故填 to hang。 6. in　 考查介词。 句意:如今,人们也用类似的 方式来使用对联。 表示用某种方式,一般用 介词 in。 故填 in。 7. earliest　 考查形容词最高级。 句意:据说,世 界上最早的对联是后蜀皇帝孟昶写的,在北 宋时期非常流行。 设空处修饰名词作定语, 应为形容词,根据句意可知是最高级。 故填 earliest。 8. extremely　 考查副词。 句意同上。 设空处 修饰形容词作状语,应用副词形式。 故填 extremely。 9. has been regarded　 考查时态和语态。 句意: 自明代起,写对联就被视为士人生活修养的 标志。 设空处为谓语,根据时间状语 Since the Ming Dynasty 可知应用现在完成时,主 语和谓语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态, 主语是不定式 to write couplets,谓语用第三 人称单数,故填 has been regarded。 10. the　 考查冠词。 句意:但是,每行中的字符 数可以是 4 到 7 个或更多。 固定短语 the number of 意为“……的数量”。 故填 the。 写作专练(三) Ⅰ. 应用文写作 Dear Peter, Hearing you are about to return home, I􀆳d like to give you a calligraphy work featuring four 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -648- 参 考 答 案　 Chinese characters “ qie􀆳erbushe” as a souvenir, which form a Chinese idiom. The idiom expresses the great spirit of persistence. “Qie” means “the act of carving” and “bu she” means “non-stop” . This idiom comes from an old saying, which means if we keep carving, we will eventually turn a piece of metal or a stone into an artwork, however hard it is. This idiom highlights the moral that if we don􀆳t quit, we will achieve our goal someday. At last, I would like to extend my best wishes to you. Wish you a bright future. Yours, Li Hua Ⅱ. 读后续写 One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car. The registration number and color were somehow known to me. I was certain I had seen this car before. Anyway, I went inside the building and opened my laptop. At this moment, I heard someone saying “Hi, how is it going?” That lady I had helped in university was in front of my eyes. I said “Hi, wow, do you also work here?” She replied “Yes, I work here. ” I was in shock. She told me that she really understood me at that time. Because she had been in a similar situation when she was young and I had helped her so much, she tried to convince her manager to give me a chance. When I asked her why she didn􀆳t tell me, she said: “ I actually said ‘ see you’, didn􀆳t you realize it?” That moment, I realized that my attitude was right and I should keep it, as the lady said. We should always help other people in need. 选择性必修第一册 课时作业 17　 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。 文章主 要介绍了四名获得诺贝尔奖的女性。 1. B 　 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 部 分 中 “ She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X-rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize. ”可知,对 X 射线发 展的贡献让 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 获得 了诺贝尔奖。 故选 B 项。 2. D　 细节理解题。 根据 Toni Morrison 部分 中 “ Toni Morrison, whose book Beloved earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. ”可知,Toni Morrison 的书主要关 注美国黑人的生活。 故选 D 项。 3. C　 细节理解题。 根据 Gertrude B. Elion 部 分 中 “ Elion, together with George H. Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry. ”以及 Esther Duflo 部分中“Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world. ”可知,Gertrude B. Elion 和 Esther Duflo 的共同之处是她们与 其他人一起分享了诺贝尔奖。 故选 C 项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。 文章 讲述了肯尼亚的社会活动家、“绿带运动”的发 起人旺加里·马塔伊的人生经历。 4. B 　 细节理解题。 根据第一段中的 “ She studied biology at Mount St. Scholastica College in Kansas, then obtained a master􀆳s degree from the University of Pittsburgh. After returning to Kenya and pursuing her PhD at the University of Nairobi, Wangari became the first woman in East Africa to receive a doctor􀆳s degree. ”可知,旺加里·马塔伊在堪萨斯州 圣斯考拉斯蒂卡学院学习生物学,然后在匹 兹堡大学获得硕士学位。 回到肯尼亚并在 内罗毕大学攻读博士学位后,成为东非第一 位获得博士学位的女性。 由此可知,旺加 里·马塔伊有着良好的教育背景。 故选 B 项。 5. C 　 细节理解题。 根据第三段中的 “ To achieve her goals, she came up with a practical but impactful idea: to plant trees. ”和 “Wangari􀆳s plan inspired the formation of the Green Belt Movement in 1977”可知,为了实 现她的目标,她提出了一个实用但有影响力 的想法:种树。 旺加里的计划激发了 1977 年“绿带运动”的形成。 由此可知,是旺加里 种树的想法促成了“绿带运动”的创立。 故 选 C 项。 6. A 　 段落大意题。 根据第四段首句“As the Green Belt Movement grew, Wangari began to focus on several different but interconnected causes: environmental conservation and human rights. ”并综合全段信息可知,第四段 主要是讲旺加里为了扩大自己的影响力而 做出的努力。 故选 A 项。 7. D　 推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“Despite facing ongoing opposition and even danger, Wangari􀆳s belief in her work was never shaken. ”可知,尽管面临不断的反对甚至危 险,旺加里对自己工作的信念从未动摇。 据 此判断,旺加里是个意志坚定的人;综合她 的各种人生经历可知,她还是个能鼓舞人心 的人。 故选 D 项。 Ⅱ. 阅读七选五 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了通过练习呼吸来缓解压力和疼痛的 方法。 1. E 　 根据下文 “When we are stressed, our muscles tense, and this tension can increase pain. ”可知,压力和身体上的疼痛总是相伴 而行。 E 项 “ Physical pain and emotional stress often go hand in hand. ”符合题意。 故 选 E。 2. B　 根据上文“Also, it is common to hold our breath when we are stressed or in pain. ”并结 合下文介绍通过练习呼吸来缓解压力和疼 痛推知,感到有压力或疼痛时屏住呼吸这种 做法是错误的。 B 项“Unfortunately, doing so increases pain and stress. ” 符 合 题 意, doing so 指代上文提到的“屏住呼吸”。 故 选 B。 3. A 　 根 据 主 题 句 “ Breathe Slowly and Rhythmically”可知,空处内容应与缓慢而有 节奏地呼吸有关。 A 项“ Practice breathing in and out at a slow speed. ”符合本段主旨。 故选 A。 4. G　 根据上文“When you breathe using your belly, you stimulate the vagus nerve which activates the relaxation response. ” 和 下 文 “ Therefore, you feel at ease and comfortable. ”推知,空处应陈述用腹部呼吸 会出现什么现象,从而导致人们最终放松下 来。 G 项“This will reduce your heart rate and blood pressure and lower stress. ”符合题意, This 指代上文 “用腹部呼吸” 这件事。 故 选 G。 5. F　 根据上文“ It is important not to wait until tension and pain increase to practice these exercises. ”推知,在不太紧张和不太疼痛时 就应该进行这样的练习,这样效果最好。 F 项“They will be most effective when you are not in much pain. ”符合题意,选项中的 They 指代上文 these exercises。 故选 F。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章 主要介绍了获得今年欧莱雅联合国教科文组 织“世界杰出女科学家成就奖”的获奖者,重点 介绍了来自中国的获奖者张弥曼。 1. on 　 考查介词。 句意:周五晚上,五位杰出 的研究人员在法国巴黎举行的颁奖典礼上 获得了今年的欧莱雅联合国教科文组织“世 界杰出女科学家成就奖”,以表彰她们在生 命科学领域的开创性研究。 表示在具体某 天晚上应用介词 on。 故填 on。 2. receivers　 考查名词。 句意:其中一位接受 者是中国古代脊椎动物科学家张弥曼。 one of 后 接 可 数 名 词 的 复 数 形 式。 故 填 receivers。 3. known　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:82 岁的张 弥曼,也被称为 Meemann Chang,是中国科 学院古脊椎动物和古人类研究所的古生物 学家。 be known as“被称为”是固定短语,此 处省略 be 用过去分词作定语。 故填 known。 4. was given 　 考查时态和语态。 句意:2016 年,张弥曼获得了罗美尔-辛普森终身成就 奖,这是脊椎动物古生物学的最高奖项。 空 处为主句谓语动词,根据时间状语 In 2016 可知用一般过去时,且主语 Zhang 和 give 之 间为被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语 态。 故填 was given。 5. which　 考查定语从句。 句意同上。 空处引 导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 Romer- Simpson Lifetime Achievement Award,从句 缺少主语,应用关系代词 which 引导。 故填 which。 6. leading　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:联合国教 科文组织在一份声明中表示:“她被任命是 因为她在化石记录方面的开创性工作使人 们清楚地了解了海洋脊椎动物是如何适应 陆地 生 活 的。” 句 中 已 有 谓 语 动 词 was appointed,且无连词,故空处应填非谓语动 词,逻辑主语 pioneering work 和 lead to 之间 为主动关系,应用现在分词。 故填 leading。 7. fifth　 考查序数词。 句意:张弥曼是第五位 获得该奖项的中国女科学家。 结合句意表 示“第五”且空前有定冠词 the,故空处填序 数词 fifth。 故填 fifth。 8. are　 考查时态和主谓一致。 句意:其他四名 获奖者分别来自南非、英国、阿根廷和加拿 大。 句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时, 主语 winners 是 复 数, be 动 词 用 are。 故 填 are。 9. a 　 考查冠词。 句意:由于法国欧莱雅公司 与联合国教科文组织的合作,欧莱雅-教科 文组织妇女科学基金会成立于 1998 年,旨 在鼓励科学领域的平等。 结合句意表达“由 于”用 as a result of。 故填 a。 10. to encourage 　 考查非谓语动词。 句意同 上。 此处应用不定式作目的状语。 故填 to encourage。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -649-