内容正文:
专题三 务必掌握的“4 类变形词”
第七讲 名词和数词
P5O
1. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since
June
2017,
right
before
the
( arrive)
of
the
two
new
pandas,
Meng
Meng
and
Jiao
Qing,
I
have
been
helping
the
panda
keepers
at
the
zoo
to
feel
more
comfortable
and
confident
speaking
English.
2. (2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷) They
also
need
to
be
ready
to
give
( interview)
in
English
with
international
journalists.
3. ( 2023 · 全 国 乙 卷) But
for
all
its
ancient
buildings,
Beijing
is
also
a
place
which
welcomes
the
fast-paced
development
of
modern
life,
with
21st-century
architectural
(wonder)
standing
side
by
side
with
historical
buildings
of
the
past.
4. (2023·全国甲卷)Fables
were
part
of
the
oral
tradition
of
many
early
cultures,
and
the
well-
known
Aesops
fables
date
to
the
(six)
century
B. C.
5. (2023·浙江 1 月卷)Thanks
to
Beijings
long
history
as
the
capital
of
China,
almost
every
hutong
has
its
stories,
and
some
are
even
associated
with
historic
(event) .
6. (2022·浙江 1 月卷) When
the
answer
was
no,she
declined
the
( invite) .
7. ( 2022 ·全国乙卷) China
has
a
( responsible)
to
work
with
other
countries
to
promote
the
healthy
development
of
the
tea
industry.
8. (2022·全国甲卷)Cao
and
Wu
also
collected
garbage
along
the
road,
in
order
to
promote
environmental
(protect) .
9. ( 2021 · 全 国 乙 卷 ) It
is
different
from
traditional
tourism
because
it
allows
the
traveler
to
become
educated
about
the
areas—
both
in
terms
of
geographical
conditions
and
cultural
characteristics,
and
often
provides
money
for
conservation
and
benefits
the
(develop)
of
the
local
areas.
10. (2021·浙江 6 月卷) In
1844,they
bought
it
for
$ 1, 200
and
some
land
from
Charles
Dresser, who
performed
their
(marry)
ceremony
in
1842.
A"1@
考点一 名词
(一)名词的数
1. 可数名词
构成方法 例词
规则
变化
一般情况下
在词尾直接
加-s
population→ populations,
month→months
以-s、-x、-ch、
-sh 结 尾 的
名词
在词尾加-es
switch → switches,
brush
→brushes
以 辅 音 字
母+y 结尾的
名词
变 y 为 i 再
加-es
facility→facilities,
majority→majorities
以 元 音 字
母+y 结尾的
名词
在词尾直接
加-s
holiday→holidays,
monkey→monkeys
以-o 结尾的
名词
一般在词尾
加-es
tomato→tomatoes,
potato
→potatoes
有些在词尾
加-s
piano → pianos,
photo
→photos
以-f、-fe 结尾
的名词
一般 要 变 f
或 fe 为 v 再
加-es
shelf → shelves,
knife
→knives
少 数 直 接
加-s
roof → roofs,
belief
→beliefs
311
hh3+
续表
构成方法 例词
不规则
变化
单复数同形
deer,
sheep,
Chinese,
means,
series,
species
变内部元音
man → men,
woman →
women,
tooth → teeth,
foot→feet
名词前有 man 或 woman 修
饰,man / woman 和中心词
都要变为复数
a
woman
doctor→women
doctors,
a
man
teacher→
men
teachers
2. 常见的 20 个不可数名词
单词 词义 单词 词义
rubbish 垃圾 luggage 行李
information 信息 advice 建议
fun 乐趣 homework 家庭作业
progress 进步 equipment 设备
bread 面包 wealth 财富
knowledge 知识 room 空间
work 工作 weather 天气
music 音乐 news 新闻;消息
traffic 交通 meat 肉
word 消息 luck 运气
3. 抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示
具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,这些
词有:
单词 抽象名词 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
attraction 吸引 有吸引力的人或事物
beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事
(二)名词所有格
类型 构成方法
-s 所有格
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关
系。 (1)一般是名词词尾加-s,如 Johns
home 约翰的家;(2)以-s 或-es 结尾的复
数 名 词, 只 在 词 尾 加-, 如 students
textbooks
学生们的课本;( 3) 词尾不带
-(e)s 的复数名词,仍加-s,如 childrens
game
孩子们的游戏
of 所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用 of 所
有格表示所有关系, 如 the
title
of
the
article 文章的标题;名词短语或有定语修
饰的有生命的名词也常用 of 所有格,如
the
name
of
the
girl
over
there 那边的那
个女孩的名字
双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为“名词+of+-s 所有
格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。 表
示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前
可用 a,
any,
some,
a
few,
two,
this,
that,
these,
those
等修饰,但一般不用
the。 如 a
picture
of
my
mothers 我母亲
(拥有)的一张照片;this
little
cat
of
your
sisters 你妹妹的这只小猫
(三)名词的构词法
1. 动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-al
approve → approval,
survive → survival,
arrive→ arrival,
refuse → refusal,
propose
→proposal
-ance /
-ence
appear → appearance,
perform →
performance,
guide → guidance,
exist →
existence,
prefer → preference,
refer →
reference,
depend→dependence
-ion /
-tion /
-ation
direct → direction,
expect → expectation,
invite → invitation,
solve → solution,
compete → competition,
describe →
description,
repeat→ repetition,
explain→
explanation,
pronounce→pronunciation
-s(s) ion
discuss → discussion,
admit → admission,
decide→decision
312
@专题三 务必掌握的“4 类变形词”
续表
后缀 例词
-ing hear→hearing,
listen→listening
-ment
achieve → achievement,
develop →
development
,
argue → argument,
punish
→punishment
-ure /
-ture
fail → failure,
press → pressure,
mix →
mixture,
expose→exposure
-y recover→recovery,
discover→discovery
-er / -or
teach → teacher,
announce → announcer,
conduct→conductor
其他常
见变化
choose→ choice,
vary → variety,
tend →
tendency,
grow → growth,
marry →
marriage,
pack→package
2. 形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-cy
fluent → fluency,
accurate → accuracy,
private→privacy,
efficient→efficiency
-dom free→freedom,
wise→wisdom
-ness
dark→darkness,
weak→weakness,
kind→
kindness,
cold → coldness,
aware →
awareness
-th
warm → warmth,
true → truth,
deep →
depth,
strong → strength,
long → length,
wide→width
-y / -ty /
-ity
difficult→difficulty,
honest→honesty,
safe→
safety,
cruel → cruelty,
responsible →
responsibility
-ce
different → difference,
silent → silence,
patient → patience,
absent → absence,
present→presence,
confident→confidence,
convenient → convenience,
important →
importance,
significant→significance
3 ———单句语法填空
1. Meanwhile,
universities
managed
to
meet
the
(student)
study
and
leisure
needs.
2. This
(achieve)
marks
that
China
has
reached
the
first
great
breakthrough
on
the
path
to
full-scale
quantum
computing.
3. “ The
new
robotic
arms
cost
no
more
than
1,000
yuan,”
said
Chen
Xiaoping,
(direct)
of
the
Robotics
Laboratory
at
USTC.
4.
( activity)
there
range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking.
5. A
painting
with
a
(long)
of
1,014. 37
meters
has
received
a
Guinness
World
Record
title.
"?
填
名
词
解
题
思
路
定
性
根据设空处
前的限定词
判断词性
冠词、数词、量词、形
容词等后常接名词
根据句子成
分判断词性
在句中作主语、宾语、
同位语等时常用名词
形式
定
数
根据名词前
限定词确定
名词的数
many,
several,
various,
different 等词后跟可数
名词的复数形式
根据谓语动词的形式确定名词的数
考点二 数词
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷考点,主要
涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法,序数词前的
修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1. 序数词一般由基数词加-th 构成。 以 y 结尾的
基数词构成序数词时,先把 y 变为 i,再加
-eth。 如 the
twentieth / fiftieth。 不规则的序数
词有以下几个:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,
ninth,twelfth。 序数词前通常要加定冠词 the,
但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”
时,要用不定冠词。
2. 年龄、年代的表达:①表达“在某人几十多岁”用
“in
ones+逢十的基数词的复数”;②表达“在几
十年代”用“in
the+逢十的基数词的复数”。
3. 基数词 dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million
等表示确切数目时不能加-s,其前可用数词或
several,some 等修饰,此时其后通常不跟 of
(后有 these,those 或代词宾格时可跟 of);表
示“数以百万计” “数以千计”等笼统数目时,
要加-s,其前不能用数词,其后可跟 of。
313
hh3+
4. 基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词,用连字
符连接,作前置定语,其中的名词应使用单数
形式,如 a
four-hour
journey。
5. 分数表达法:分子应用基数词,分母应用序数
词。 分子大于 1 时,分母应用序数词的复数形
式,如:two-sevenths 七分之二。
3 ———单句语法填空
1. Without
a
( two)
thought,he
agreed
to
join
the
club.
2. 30%
of
the
river
( pollute)
by
the
water
from
the
factory
already
and
many
fish
have
disappeared.
3. Then, when
I
was
in
the
( five)
grade,I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
very
much.
"?
数
词
语境分
析法
根据句意或上下文确定使用序数词
还是基数词
对号入
座法
分数、百分数作主语时,要根据主谓
一致的原则来确定谓语动词的形式
26
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. ( 2024 · 福 建 龙 岩 月 考) Every
day,
Duan
Lianru
spends
several
hours
sitting
in
her
office
in
Hunchun,
Jilin
province
to
make
a
(compare)
of
hundreds
of
photos
of
Siberian
tigers
on
the
computer.
2. (2024·山东齐鲁名校期末) Born
in
1986,
Guis
(enthusiastic)
for
science
has
been
developing
since
childhood.
3. ( 2024 · 湖 南 雅 礼 中 学 月 考 ) Before
the
(arrive)
of
the
New
Year,
Tibetans
engage
in
thorough
cleaning
of
their
homes
and
surroundings.
4. (2023·湖北四地联考)Because
of
the
humid
climate
in
Liuzhou,
people
tend
to
lose
their
appetite,
but
the
spicy
and
sour
taste
stimulates
(people)
appetite.
5. (2023·福建四地市一测)Parents
and
teachers
alike
maintain
that
( silent ) is
important
when
learning,
whereas
youngsters
insist
that
their
favourite
sounds
help
them
concentrate.
6. (2023·茂名五校联考)After
experiencing
her
older
sisters
(die)
and
her
parents
divorce,
she
is
determined
to
stay
alive
for
the
sake
of
her
broken
family.
7. ( 2023 · 湖 北 协 作 体 联 考 ) I
made
an
( appoint )
soon
after
setting
the
starting
and
ending
points
in
the
app.
8. (2023·河北衡水中学二调) These
Yungang
( researcher )
attempt
is
a
good
example
of
technology
helping
to
preserve
cultural
heritage.
9. Ive
always
loved
the
ocean.
In
the
(nine )
grade,
I
started
volunteering
at
the
Monterey
Bay
Aquarium
in
California.
10. ( 2023 · 湖 南 郴 州 模 拟 ) It
is
widely
considered
that
these
social
( policy)
will
definitely
improve
the
well-
being
of
Chinese
children.
Ⅱ. 语篇专练(名词)
Chinese
New
Year
is
a
1.
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
2.
( begin)
of
spring.
This
is
why
decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers
carries
special
3.
( significant) .
They
represent
the
earth
coming
back
to
4.
( live)
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
These
are
some
of
the
most
popular
in
many
parts
of
the
country:
Oranges: Orange
trees
are
more
than
5.
( decorate);
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
6.
(wealthy) .
They
make
great
gifts
and
you
see
them
many
7.
( time)
decorated
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese
love
their
“ Lucky
314
@专题三 务必掌握的“4 类变形词”
Bamboo”
plants
and
you
will
see
them
often
in
their
homes
and
offices. Certainly
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.
Bamboo
plants
are
associated
with
8.
(healthy),
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
They
are
easy
to
care
for
and
make
great
9.
(present) .
10.
( branch)
of
Plum
Blossoms
(梅花):The
beautiful
long
branches
covered
with
pink-colored
buds
( 蓓 蕾 )
make
fantastic
decorations.
The
plum
trees
are
the
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting
( 融 化 ) .
They
represent
the
promise
of
spring
and
a
renewal
of
life.
Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用名词和数词完成句子)
1. (2023·浙江 1 月卷应用文写作)上周末,我
参加了一个由学生会举办的活动,旨在教育
我们更多的日常生物知识。
Last
weekend,
I
took
part
in
an
event
,
which
is
aimed
at
educating
us
more
about
daily
biology.
2. (2023·全国甲卷书面表达)给我印象最深的
是他著名的人生哲学:“先天下之忧而忧,后
天下之乐而乐”。
What
impresses
me
most
is
his
famous
philosophy
of
life:
“ Be
the
troubles
across
the
land,
the
last
to
enjoy
universal
happiness. ”
3. (2022·全国乙卷书面表达)如今,随着智能
手机和电脑的日益普及,越来越多的学生在
课堂之外以各种他们喜欢的方式学习英语。
Nowadays,
with
the
growing
popularity
of
smartphones
and
computers,
learn
English
beyond
the
classroom
that
they
are
fond
of.
4. (2022·全国甲卷书面表达)首先,我们能做
的就是重视我们的日常行为。
First
of
all,
what
we
can
do
is
place
importance
on
.
5. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)同样吸引人
的是如何学习英语的建议,这对我的英语学
习很有意义。
Equally
attractive
are
the
tips
on
how
to
learn
English,
which
is
of
to
my
English
study.
第八讲 形容词和副词
P5O
1. (2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷) Xiao
long
bao
( soup
dumplings),
those
amazing
constructions
of
delicate
dumpling
wrappers
encasing
hot,
( taste)
soup
and
sweet, fresh
meat,are
far
and
away
my
favorite
Chinese
street
food.
2. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No
matter
where
I
buy
them,
though,
one
steamer
basket
is
( rare)
enough,
yet
two
seems
greedy,
and
so
I
am
always
left
wanting
more
next
time.
3. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since
June
2017,
right
before
the
arrival
of
the
two
new
pandas,
Meng
Meng
and
Jiao
Qing,
I
have
been
helping
the
panda
keepers
at
the
zoo
to
feel
more
comfortable
and
( confidence )
speaking
English.
4. ( 2023 · 新 课 标 Ⅱ 卷) So,
what
are
they
learning?
(basic),
how
to
describe
a
pandas
life.
5. (2023·全国乙卷) The
( remark)
development
of
this
city,
which
is
consciously
designed
to
protect
the
past
while
stepping
into
the
modern
world,
means
there
is
always
something
new
to
discover
here,
and
I
could
be
photographing
Beijing
for
the
next
50
years.
6. ( 2023·全国甲卷)
( difference)
from
traditional
fables,
Carsons
story
ends
with
an
accusation
instead
of
a
moral.
315
hh3+
3. shall
be
landing
即学即练 4
1. burns 2. is
playing 3. have
taken
4. rose
即学即练 5
1. were
shown 2. have
been
sold
3. are
being
displayed 4. writes
即学即练 6
1. is 2. is 3. are 4. was
given
5. remains
素养提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. has
formed 2. are 3. was
marked
4. described 5. has
created 6. was
7. was
celebrated 8. carries
9. had
become
10. appeals / has
appealed
Ⅱ. 语篇专练(动词的时态、语态和主谓
一致)
1. reminds 2. was 3. pointed 4. are
5. will
accept 6. are 7. was
inspired
8. have
learned / learnt 9. love 10. told
Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用动词的时态和语
态完成句子)
1. will
be
arranged
2. called
me
to
his
office had
taken
the
first
place
3. was
presented
with
4. showed
I
had
grown
up
5. are
widely
acknowledged is
the
most
influential
第五讲 非谓语动词
高考体验
1. borrowing intended 2. built
3. Having
visited 4. recording 5. to
bite
6. recognized 7. to
be
lifted 8. wanting
9. visiting 10. to
journey 11. held
12. planning 13. To
strengthen inviting
14. Covering 15. to
see
语法精讲
即学即练 1
1. gaining 2. trapped 3. To
get
4. to
produce 5. to
follow
即学即练 2
1. to
witness 2. to
host 3. majoring
4. carrying 5. fixed
即学即练 3
1. maintaining 2. completing
3. constructing 4. to
give 5. to
continue
即学即练 4
1. to
overcome 2. reserving
3. astonished 4. decorated
即学即练 5
1. to
update 2. to
be
learned / learnt
3. qualified 4. lost
素养提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. containing 2. to
open 3. dating
4. found 5. to
enrich adopting
6. showing 7. being
preserved
8. listed 9. running 10. to
join
Ⅱ. 语篇专练(非谓语动词)
1. to
judge 2. learning 3. being
corrected
4. corrected 5. to
make 6. skilled
7. needed 8. to
find 9. to
notice
10. made
Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用非谓语动词完成
句子)
1. learning
that
well
be
randomly
paired
to
do
the
oral
practice to
express
my
different
voice hoping
that
this
wouldnt
offend
you
2. The
most
difficult
task
to
do
3. Known
as
a
Chinese
writer
and
politician
in
the
Song
Dynasty
4. to
carry
out
a
series
of
reforms
to
make
his
country
prosperous
5. Learning
much
from to
understand
第六讲 情态动词和虚拟语气
高考体验
1. be
employed 2. could 3. can
4. would
have
had 5. should
语法精讲
即学即练 1
1. shall 2. can 3. would 4. need
5. may
即学即练 2
1. must 2. neednt 3. have
arrived
4. have
practised 5. have
left
即学即练 3
1. would
have
gone 2. had
told 3. had
completed 4. had
explored 5. ( should)
be
formed 6. applied / should
apply
素养提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. be
mastered 2. have
accomplished
3. can 4. should 5. can
6. (should)
be
taken 7. would
8. may 9. might 10. had
studied
Ⅱ. 语篇专练(情态动词和虚拟语气)
1. must 2. cant 3. lived 4. need
5. would
have
arrived 6. should
7. would
punish 8. must
9. went / should
go 10. can
Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用情态动词和虚拟
语气完成句子)
1. Should
it
be
possible / If
it
should
be
possible
2. couldnt
be
better could
be
grouped
we
can
help
each
other
3. ( should )
put
three
to
four
students
together can
communicate
with
4. couldnt
help
missing
5. But
for
the
love
and
care
from
those
around
me
专题三 务必掌握的
“4 类变形词”
第七讲 名词和数词
高考体验
1. arrival 2. interviews 3. wonders
4. sixth 5. events 6. invitation
7. responsibility 8. protection
9. development 10. marriage
语法精讲
即学即练 1
1. students 2. achievement 3. director
4. Activities 5. length
即学即练 2
1. second 2. had
been
polluted 3. fifth
素养提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. comparison 2. enthusiasm 3. arrival
4. peoples 5. silence 6. death
7. appointment 8. researchers
9. ninth 10. policies
Ⅱ. 语篇专练(名词)
1. celebration 2. beginning
3. significance 4. life 5. decoration
6. wealth 7. times 8. health
9. presents 10. Branches
Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用名词和数词完成
句子)
1. held
by
the
Students
Union
2. the
first
to
worry
about
3. an
increasing
number
of
students in
various
ways
4. our
daily
actions
5. great
significance
第八讲 形容词和副词
高考体验
1. tasty 2. rarely 3. confident
4. Basically 5. remarkable
6. Different 7. originally 8. spacious
9. simpler 10. highest
语法精讲
即学即练 1
1. rarely 2. various 3. accessible
4. globally
即学即练 2
1. best 2. better 3. stronger 4. than
5. faster
素养提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. basically 2. largest 3. specifically
4. successfully professional 5. steamed
6. traditional 7. impolite 8. ambitious
9. less 10. oldest
Ⅱ. 语篇专练(形容词和副词)
1. well 2. great 3. quickly 4. suddenly
5. closely 6. disappointed 7. exactly
8. tired 9. later 10. nearly
Ⅲ. 写作迁移(正确运用形容词和副词完
成句子)
1. not
until
the
moment
she
got
closer
2. Undoubtedly numerous
knowledge
become
interested
in this
meaningful
activity
3. becoming
more
and
more
serious
4. The
more the
better
5. are
available
to
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