Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．He was wise, amusing and gifted a sharp business brain. 2．Technology is going to (assistant) but it is not going to do everything. 3．She has a gift for (create) a relaxing atmosphere for her students. 4．She gained a (qualify) in marketing. 5．I regret to inform you that you are not qualified enough (choose) as our representative. 6．No one has come up a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out. 7．The students are encouraged to break from bad habits. 8． (describe) by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 9．Pilcher (suspect) of giving away government secrets to the enemy. 10．The policemen are looking for people (link) to the accident which happened last night. 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11．The fisherman (投，抛，撒) his net into the water. 12．The child wanted to know why the (彩虹) is in a bow shape. 13．It is believed that strong (领导才能) is needed to captain the team. 14．My father was very upset. He thought it was his (过失，责任). 15．She could (追踪) her family tree back to the 16th century. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．It is well known that he is a g boy in painting and his paintings are well received by famous arts experts. 17．He was given a reward for his o work. 18．Government officials are managing to turn a policy into concrete action plans. 19．Some think that students should be trained to d themselves against some attacks. 20．What you are saying now is not c with what you said last week. 四、完成句子 21．他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家。 He is an scientist in this field. 22．潘建伟于1970年3月出生于浙江东阳。 Pan Jianwei Dongyang, Zhejiang, Province in March 1970. 23．朗尼在制作另一项发明时想到了这个玩具。(while) Lonnie got the idea for this toy . 24．如果可能的话, 你最好早点过来。 , you had better come here early. 25．英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。 The Channel Tunnel the rest of Europe. 五、翻译 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 26． different of you 投射你不同的影子 27．all the colours of the 彩虹的各种颜色 28． the coffee 倒咖啡 29．a floor 混凝土地面 30．China’s science 中国航天科学 31． youth 爱国青年 32．Railway Engineering 铁路机械工程 33． major 航空专业 34． the country 保卫国家 35．American and rocket technology 美国飞机和火箭技术 六、七选五 In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), the need for critical thinking among humans has become important. 36 This is where critical thinking steps in, helping humans stay ahead in an increasingly automated (自动化的) world. Critical thinking is the process of actively and skillfully analyzing, evaluating, and constructing arguments. It involves the ability to question assumptions, recognize biases (偏见), and make informed decisions based on logic and evidence. 37 Firstly, AI systems are designed to operate within predefined parameters (参数) and datasets. They are good at pattern recognition and data analysis but often struggle with unexpected situations. Humans, armed with critical thinking skills, can identify and address these blind spots, adapting their approach to tackling unforeseen challenges. 38 Critical thinkers are able to question the AI's outputs, challenge its assumptions, and ensure that decisions are based on a full understanding of the problem at hand instead of being influenced by these biases and errors. 39 In a world where AI is automating routine tasks, the ability to think critically and creatively becomes a distinct factor. It allows humans to generate novel ideas, solve problems in unique ways, and contribute to social progress. Moral considerations are also crucial in the age of AI. As AI systems increasingly make decisions that affect people's lives, the need for moral judgment and critical thinking cannot be overstated. 40 In conclusion, critical thinking is vital in the age of artificial intelligence, ensuring a future that is both technologically advanced and human-centered. A．It can balance out AI's inability in many aspects. B．It enables people to understand the world in various ways. C．Critical thinking encourages creativity and innovation (创新). D．Critical thinking ensures human advantage in logical reasoning. E．Moreover, AI is affected by biases and errors in the data it is trained on. F．Critical thinkers can evaluate potential social impact and make moral decisions. G．AI, despite its impressive advancements, lacks the ability of deep understanding. 1．with 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他聪明、风趣，具有敏锐的商业头脑。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语be gifted with“具有天赋，有……天赋”，满足句意要求。故填with。 2．assist 【详解】考查动词。句意：技术将会有所辅助，但它不会做所有的事情。根据“is going to”可知，空处需填动词原形，assistant是名词，表示“助手”，动词assist表示“帮助，援助”，符合句意。故填assist。 3．creating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：她有为学生创造轻松气氛的天赋。根据“for”及“a relaxing atmosphere”可知，空处需填动名词作介词的宾语，create作动词，表示“创造”。故填creating。 4．qualification 【详解】考查名词。句意：她取得了市场营销方面的文凭。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词qualification，作动词gained的宾语。故填qualification。 5．to be chosen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很遗憾地通知你，你资格不够被选做担任我们的代表。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词不定式结构，构成短语be qualified to do sth.，意为“有资格做某事”。动词choose和主语you是逻辑上的动宾关系，用动词不定式的被动语态结构。故填to be chosen。 6．with 【详解】考查介词。句意: 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝提出一个令人信服的解释。come up with为固定搭配，意为“想出，提出”。故填with。 7．away 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：学生们被鼓励摆脱坏习惯。break away from为固定短语，表示“摆脱”。故填away。 8．Described 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：钱学森是一个非常受人尊敬的人，《钱学森传》的作者将他描述为一个具有“伟大的科学思想和科学精神”的人。句子分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，动词describe与逻辑主语Qian之间为被动关系，设空处应填过去分词；设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填Described。 9．was suspected 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：皮尔彻被怀疑向敌人泄露政府机密。根据句子结构和句意，设空处为谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事，用一般过去时态。句中涉及动词短语suspect sb of (doing) sth，意为“怀疑某人做某事”；动词suspect与逻辑主语Pilcher之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数，故助动词be用was。故填was suspected。 10．linked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察正在寻找与昨晚发生的事故有关的人。根据句子结构和句意可知，句子谓语动词为look for，故设空处为非谓语动词，短语link...to...，意为“将……和……联系起来”，link与逻辑主语people为动宾关系，应用过去分词linked，短语linked to the accident作people的后置定语。故填linked。 11．cast 【详解】考查动词和一般过去时。句意：渔夫把网撒到水里。表示“投，抛，撒”应用动词cast。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填cast。 12．rainbow 【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子想知道为什么彩虹是弓形的。根据汉语提示和空前的the，这里应用名词rainbow，作主语，为可数名词，根据is可知，这里应用名词单数。故填rainbow。 13．leadership 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们认为，带领这个团队需要强有力的领导才能。根据汉语提示及“strong”可知，空处需填名词作主语，leadership作名词，表示“领导才能”，是不可数名词。故填leadership。 14．fault 【详解】考查名词。句意：我父亲非常沮丧。他以为那是他的过失。根据汉语提示及“his”可知，空处需填名词，fault作名词，表示“过失”，表示抽象含义时是不可数名词。故填fault。 15．trace 【详解】考查动词。句意：她的家谱可以追溯到16世纪。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词trace“追踪”，满足句意要求，结合空前could情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填trace。 16．gifted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：众所周知，他在绘画方面是一个天才的男孩，他的画受到著名的艺术专家的欢迎。根据后文his paintings are well received by famous arts experts，可知男孩的画很受欢迎，所以男孩在绘画方面很有天赋，gifted表示有天赋的，符合句意，故填gifted。 17．outstanding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：因为他杰出的工作，他获得了一个奖项。这里根据前半句的意思他获得了一个奖项可以推知他获得奖项的原因是优秀而杰出的工作。再加上work为名词，作为中心词，前面应该使用形容词作定语修饰名词。根据首字母提示应该是表示杰出的意义，故填outstanding。 18．abstract 【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府官员们正在竭力把抽象的政策变成实际行动计划。这里根据concrete action plans实际行动计划推测出前面的填空处应该为抽象的意思。而抽象的单词拼写为abstract。故填abstract。 19．defend/efend 【详解】考查动词。句意：一些人认为学生应该接受训练来保护自己免受某些攻击。结合句意和首字母提示可知，动词defend“防卫，保护”符合，defend...against...“保护……（免遭）”是固定搭配；结合短语be train to do sth.“被训练做某事”可知，空处应填动词原形。故填defend。 20．consistent/onsistent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你现在所说的与你上周所说的并不一致。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用形容词consistent，作表语，构成consistent with表示“与……一致”。故填consistent。 21．internationally influential 【详解】考查副词、形容词。根据汉语提示，表示“有影响力的”含义的形容词为： influential，“国际”在句子中作状语修饰形容词influential，使用副词，表达为：internationally，故填internationally influential。 22．was born in 【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示，表示“出生于……”含义的动词短语为：be born in，根据时间状语in March 1970可知句子表达的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，又因主语为单数，故填was born in。 23．while working on/making another invention 【详解】考查省略句和固定短语。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分为“在制作另一个发明时”，表示“在……时候”应用while引导时间状语从句；表示“制作”应用固定短语work on或者make；表示“另一个”应用another；表示“发明”应用invention；while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是while he was working on/making another invention，省略了he was。故填while working on/making another invention。 24．If possible 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意“如果可能得话”可知句型为if possible，为if it is possible的省略形式（if引导的条件状语从句中如果有无意义的it，可以省略it和be），首字母大写。故填If possible。 25．links Britain with 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，本题考查短语link...with... “把……和……连接起来”，在句中做谓语动词，句子描述一般事实，所以要用一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。英国为“Britain”。故填links Britain with 26． cast shadows 27．rainbow 28．pour 29．concrete 30．aerospace 31．patriotic 32．Mechanical 33．aviation 34．defend 35．jet 【解析】26．考查动词和名词。根据汉语提示可知，空处①应为动词，后接名词短语，表示“投射”；cast动词，意为“投射”，符合词义和语境，故空①填cast。根据汉语提示及形容词“different”可知，空处②应为名词，表示“影子”；shadow名词，意为“影子”，为可数名词，由“different”可知，应用复数形式，表示“不同的影子”，故空②填shadows。 27．考查名词。根据定冠词“the”和汉语提示可知，空处应为名词，表示“彩虹”；rainbow名词，意为“彩虹”，由汉语提示可知，应用单数形式。故填rainbow。 28．考查动词。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用及物动词，后接名词短语“the coffee”，表示“倒(饮料等）、倒出”；pour动词，意为“倒（饮料等）、倒出”，符合词义。故填pour。 29．考查形容词。根据名词“floor”和汉语提示，可知，空处应为形容词，表示“混凝土的”；concrete形容词，意为“混凝土的”，符合词义。故填concrete。 30．考查名词。根据汉语提示，固定短语aerospace science表示“航天科学”，aerospace为名词，修饰“science”，符合词义。故填aerospace。 31．考查形容词。根据名词“youth”和汉语提示可知，空处应为形容词，表示“爱国的”；patriotic形容词，意为“爱国的、有爱国心的”，符合词义。故填patriotic。 32．考查形容词。根据名词“Engineering”和汉语提示可知，空处应为形容词，表示“机械的”；mechanical形容词，意为“机械的”，符合词义和语境，专有名称首字母要用大写。故填Mechanical。 33．考查名词。根据汉语提示和名词“major”可知，空处可用名词，表示“航空”；aviation名词，意为“航空、飞行”，符合词义和语境。故填aviation。 34．考查动词。根据汉语提示和名词短语“the country”可知，空处应为动词，表示“保卫”；defend动词，意为“保卫、捍卫”，符合词义。故填defend。 35．考查名词。根据汉语提示和形容词“American”及并列名词“rocket”可知，空处应为名词，表示“飞机”；jet名词，表示“喷气式飞机”，符合词义和语境。故填jet。 36．G 37．A 38．E 39．C 40．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了在人工智能时代，批判性思维对于人类的重要性，强调其在应对AI局限、促进创新和确保道德决策中的关键作用。 36．上文“In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), the need for critical thinking among humans has become important. (在人工智能（AI）的时代，人类中批判性思维的需求变得至关重要)”这句话强调了在AI盛行的时代，批判性思维对人类的重要。G选项AI, despite its impressive advancements, lacks the ability of deep understanding. (尽管AI取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但它缺乏深度理解的能力)直接回应了为何在AI时代批判性思维对人类如此重要——因为AI缺乏深度理解和判断力，而这是人类通过批判性思维可以弥补的。故选G项。 37．上文“Critical thinking is the process of actively and skillfully analyzing, evaluating, and constructing arguments. It involves the ability to question assumptions, recognize biases (偏见), and make informed decisions based on logic and evidence. (批判性思维是积极而巧妙地分析、评估和构建论点的过程。它涉及质疑假设、识别偏见以及根据逻辑和证据做出明智决策的能力)”这段话阐述了批判性思维的定义，根据下文的“Firstly”“Moreover”等可知，后文讲到的多方面人工智能的局限性都可以由批判性思维来弥补。由此可知，A选项It can balance out AI's inability in many aspects.(批判性思维可以在许多方面弥补人工智能的不足之处)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。 38．上文“Firstly, AI systems are designed to operate within predefined parameters (参数) and datasets. They are good at pattern recognition and data analysis but often struggle with unexpected situations. Humans, armed with critical thinking skills, can identify and address these blind spots, adapting their approach to tackling unforeseen challenges. (首先，人工智能系统被设计为在预定义的参数和数据集内运行。他们擅长模式识别和数据分析，但经常与意外情况作斗争。拥有批判性思维技能的人类可以识别和解决这些盲点，调整他们的方法来应对不可预见的挑战) ”提到了人类运用批判性思维技能可以识别并解决AI系统的盲点。E选项Moreover, AI is affected by biases and errors in the data it is trained on. (此外，人工智能还受到训练数据中的偏见和错误的影响。) 是最能填入空白处的句子，因为它既承接了上文关于AI局限性的讨论，又为下文讨论人类批判性思维的优势提供了自然的过渡。故选E项。 39．下文“In a world where AI is automating routine tasks, the ability to think critically and creatively becomes a distinct factor. It allows humans to generate novel ideas, solve problems in unique ways, and contribute to social progress. (在人工智能自动化日常任务的世界里，批判性和创造性思维的能力成为一个独特的因素。它使人类能够产生新颖的想法，以独特的方式解决问题，并为社会进步做出贡献)”这段话强调了在AI自动化了许多日常任务的情况下，批判性思维和创造力成为人类区别于机器的关键能力。C选项Critical thinking encourages creativity and innovation (创新). (批判性思维鼓励创造力和创新) 和这部分内容完全呼应，并且选项C中的“creativity and innovation (创造力和创新)”直接对应本句话中的“generate novel ideas, solve problems in unique ways (产生新颖的想法，以独特的方式解决问题)”。故选C项。 40．上文“Moral considerations are also crucial in the age of AI. As AI systems increasingly make decisions that affect people's lives, the need for moral judgment and critical thinking cannot be overstated. (在人工智能时代，道德考虑也至关重要。随着人工智能系统越来越多地做出影响人们生活的决定，道德判断和批判性思维的必要性怎么强调都不为过)”讨论了AI决策的道德层面，强调了在AI时代道德判断和批判性思维的重要性。F选项Critical thinkers can evaluate potential social impact and make moral decisions. (批判性思考者能够评估潜在的社会影响并作出道德决策) 直接与上文讨论的道德考量和批判性思维在AI决策中的作用相呼应，说明了批判性思维者能够评估社会影响和做出道德决策方面发挥关键作用。故选F项。 能力提升 一、完形填空 Francis Kere is the first African to win the Pritzker Prize, known as the Nobel Prize of architecture. However, his 1 to the peak of his field was far from smooth. Growing up in a village where there was no kindergarten, he was 2 into an extremely hot classroom with over 100 students. At the age of 7, Francis Kere had to leave his family home to attend school because his village didn’t have one of its own. This 3 of poor building facilities contributed to his vision of better educational lives of local children, using architecture. Thirteen years later, he boarded a plane for Germany on a scholarship to study architecture. His early reputation came in helping 4 a school in his village after graduating from college. He 5 the whole village to provide ideas and drew the 6 on sand for all to see. 7 , he involved them in constructing the school, using local wood and local clay (黏土). The result of their hard work was a welcoming structure with a “floating” roof that 8 ventilation (通风) in a hot climate and wall openings that bring 9 for students to learn even without electricity. He showed the villagers that ideas to 10 climate or other challenges are always at hand. In this process, local people learned 11 skills that they could later use to find work. By cooperating with them, Kere 12 the idea that climate solutions started with big institutions. He 13 that everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues related to education and climate and 14 a global impact by acting locally. Adopted by architects in dozens of countries, his 15 is rooted in the “unique” aspects of each community now. 1．A．angle B．welfare C．journey D．border 2．A．perceived B．crowded C．estimated D．reacted 3．A．trick B．infection C．qualification D．experience 4．A．integrate B．chart C．oppose D．design 5．A．banned B．encouraged C．ordered D．warned 6．A．firm B．soil C．draft D．gesture 7．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．However 8．A．blocks B．delays C．refuses D．allows 9．A．wind B．fire C．light D．air 10．A．subscribe to B．deal with C．participate in D．depend on 11．A．academic B．urgent C．severe D．practical 12．A．challenged B．declared C．attracted D．agreed 13．A．denied B．suspected C．imagined D．demonstrated 14．A．ignore B．generate C．miss D．lose 15．A．innovation B．fantasy C．patience D．expense 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了非洲著名建筑师Francis Kere通过和当地人合作，设计出了实用的学校。并且，他向村民们表明，应对气候变化或其他挑战的想法总是近在咫尺，每个人都可以通过地方行动，为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，并产生全球影响。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他在这一领域的巅峰之旅远非一帆风顺。A. angle角；B. welfare福利；C. journey旅程；D. border边界。根据后文“to the peak of his field”此处指他在自己所在领域带到巅峰的旅程，故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在一个没有幼儿园的村庄长大，被挤进一个有100多名学生的非常热的教室。A. perceived感知；B. crowded挤进；C. estimated估计；D. reacted反应。根据后文“into an extremely hot classroom with over 100 students”可知，教室人很多，他是被挤进去的。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种糟糕的建筑设施的经历促成了他对当地儿童更好的教育生活的愿景，利用建筑。A. trick诡计；B. infection感染；C. qualification资格；D. experience经历。此处指上文他被挤进一个有100多名学生的非常热的教室的经历，故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他大学毕业后帮助在村里设计了一所学校，由此获得了早期的名声。A. integrate合并；B. chart记录；C. oppose反对；D. design设计。根据上文“Thirteen years later, he boarded a plane for Germany on a scholarship to study architecture.( 13年后，他拿着奖学金登上了飞往德国学习建筑的飞机)”可知，他学习的是建筑，所以是设计学校。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励全村的人出谋划策，并把草图画在沙子上让大家看。A. banned禁止；B. encouraged鼓励；C. ordered命令；D. warned警告。根据后文“the whole village to provide ideas”指他鼓励全村人出谋划策，设计学校。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励全村的人出谋划策，并把草图画在沙子上让大家看。A. firm公司；B. soil土壤；C. draft草稿；D. gesture姿势。根据后文“on sand for all to see”可知，画在沙子上的是最初的设计草稿。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，他让他们参与建造学校，使用当地的木材和粘土。A. Moreover此外；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。后文参与建造学校，使用当地的木材和粘土，是对上文的补充说明应用moreover。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们努力工作的结果是一个受欢迎的结构，“浮动”屋顶允许在炎热的气候下通风，墙壁开口为学生提供光照，即使没有电也可以学习。A. blocks阻塞；B. delays推迟；C. refuses拒绝；D. allows允许。根据后文“ventilation in a hot climate”可知，他设计的“浮动”屋顶允许在炎热的气候下通风，故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们努力工作的结果是一个受欢迎的结构，“浮动”屋顶允许在炎热的气候下通风，墙壁开口为学生提供光照，即使没有电也可以学习。A. wind风；B. fire火；C. light光线；D. air空气。根据上文“wall openings that bring”以及后文“even without electricity”可知，墙壁上开口是为了提供光线照明，故选C。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他向村民们表明，应对气候变化或其他挑战的想法总是近在咫尺。A. subscribe to订阅；B. deal with处理；C. participate in参加；D. depend on依靠。根据后文“climate or other challenges”以及上文他的设计很方便实用，可知此处指应对气候变化或其他挑战的想法。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，当地人学到了一些实用的技能，这些技能以后可以用来找工作。A. academic学术的；B. urgent紧急的；C. severe严重的；D. practical实际的，实用的。根据后文“skills that they could later use to find work”可知，这些技能可以用来找工作，说明很实用。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过与他们合作，Kere挑战了气候解决方案始于大型机构的想法。A. challenged挑战；B. declared宣布；C. attracted吸引；D. agreed同意。根据后文“everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues”可知，他表明，每个人都可以通过地方行动，为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，这挑战了气候解决方案始于大型机构的想法。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他表明，每个人都可以通过地方行动，为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，并产生全球影响。A. denied否认；B. suspected怀疑；C. imagined想象；D. demonstrated证明。根据后文“everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues”结合上文他的设计可知，建筑师通过实践表明了每个人都可以对重大问题做出贡献，故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他表明，每个人都可以通过地方行动，为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，并产生全球影响。A. ignore忽视；B. generate产生；C. miss错过；D. lose失去。根据后文“a global impact”指地方行动可以产生全球影响。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的创新植根于每个社区的“独特”方面，被几十个国家的建筑师采用。A. innovation创新；B. fantasy幻想；C. patience耐心；D. expense花费。根据后文“is rooted in the “unique” aspects of each community now”可知，他根据社区的独特性进行了创新，故选A。 二、语法填空 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer 16 (develop) the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗), 17 protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer. Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on to obtain a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University, 18 (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) 19 (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers were caused by HPV and it 20 (believe) that a vaccine 21 HPV might work. 22 vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune (免疫的) response to the virus, but without causing an infection. This was a 23 (significance) focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis for the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines. 24 (fortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had a huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in 25 (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation. 【答案】 16．to develop 17．which 18．completing 19．brought 20．was believed 21．against 22．The 23．significant 24．Unfortunately 25．recognition 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了分子生物学家及病毒学家周健博士的生平事迹及其在HPV疫苗研发领域的贡献。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：周健博士是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，他与Ian Frazer教授合作开发了Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的技术，这两种疫苗可以预防导致宫颈癌的病毒。who引导的定语从句的谓语为worked，此处为非谓语动词，这里使用develop“研制”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to develop。 17．考查定语从句。句意：周健博士是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，他与Ian Frazer教授合作开发了Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的技术，这两种疫苗可以预防导致宫颈癌的病毒。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词vaccines，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在河南医科大学攻读博士学位，1987年毕业。本句谓语为studied，此处为非谓语动词，compelte与主语He是主动关系，这里使用complete“完成”的现在分词completing，作状语。故填completing。 19．考查时态。句意：周博士对人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的兴趣使他于1990年来到澳大利亚，加入昆士兰大学伊恩·弗雷泽教授的免疫学和癌症研究中心。此处描述的是过去的动作，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用bring“带……到某处”的过去式。故填brought。 20．考查动词语态。句意：几乎所有的宫颈癌都是由人乳头瘤病毒引起的，人们相信针对人乳头瘤病毒的疫苗可能有效。此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，与believe“相信”之间是被动关系，且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was believed。 21．考查介词。句意：几乎所有的宫颈癌都是由人乳头瘤病毒引起的，人们相信针对人乳头瘤病毒的疫苗可能有效。介词against表示“对抗”，这里指疫苗能抵抗HPV。故填against。 22．考查冠词。句意：疫苗需要一个能刺激对病毒免疫反应的颗粒，但又不引起感染。这里特指研发中的疫苗，故使用定冠词The，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。 23．考查形容词。句意：这是周博士与弗雷泽教授合作的一个重要重点，1990年，周博士与他的妻子合作，成功地创造了一种病毒样颗粒，这种颗粒现在是“Gardasil”和“Cervarix”疫苗的基础。此处需用形容词significant“重要的”，修饰名词focus，作前置定语。故填significant。 24．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，周博士于1999年去世，享年42岁。这里需要用副词unfortunately“不幸的是”，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填a。 25．考查名词。句意：因此，澳大利亚健康与医学科学院很高兴设立奖项以表彰周博士。本空用名词recognition，in recognition of为固定搭配，意为“为了表彰”。故填recognition。 拓展延伸 1．你校英语报正组织英语作文比赛，请以你最尊敬的一位科学家为话题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹： 2.你的感悟。 注意： 1. 字数80词左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The scientists I respect most One of the scientists that I respect most is Marie Curie, known for her groundbreaking work in radioactivity. Her dedication to science and her remarkable discoveries, including the co-discovery of radium and polonium, have left an indelible mark on the world of science. Marie Curie’s relentless pursuit of knowledge and her determination to overcome obstacles inspire me to always strive for excellence and never shy away from challenges. Her work serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative impact that a single individual can have on the course of history. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校英语报正组织英语作文比赛，要求考生按照要求以最尊敬的一位科学家为话题，写一篇短文参赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 奉献：dedication→ devotion 非凡的：remarkable→ extraordinary 不停的：relentless→ incessant 追求：pursuit→ quest 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Her dedication to science and her remarkable discoveries, including the co-discovery of radium and polonium, have left an indelible mark on the world of science. 拓展句：Her dedication to science and her remarkable discoveries, which includes the co-discovery of radium and polonium, have left an indelible mark on the world of science. 【点睛】【高分句型1】One of the scientists that I respect most is Marie Curie, known for her groundbreaking work in radioactivity.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Her work serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative impact that a single individual can have on the course of history.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落的开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Henry finished rolling copies of The Gazette, filled his bag and took off to deliver the news. It was 8:15 a.m. when he delivered the last newspaper. He had put the paper where Mr.Grady could get it without struggling to the sidewalk. Across the street, Henry’s delivery had landed perfectly too. Mrs. Burke, with twin babies, probably liked having her paper within easy reach. Henry parked his bike near the office building and bounded up to the editor-in-chiefs door. Mr. Trotta said, “We’re closing shop, Henry. Advertising is down. Television is how people get their news today.” “Um, no,” said Henry. “I’ve met so many people on my route. It’s sad. People won’t get their neighborhood news anymore.” Mr. Trotta nodded and sighed. “We held out as long as we could," he said. “You were terrific, Henry — always dependable.” A week after his last deliveries, Henry wondered if his customers missed The Gazette as much as he did. He thought of a way to find out. He started out on his old route with a notebook. First stop: Mr. Jonas, 17 Oak. Mr. Jonas said that he liked reading the week’s happenings and he had a pile of comics from old copies of The Gazette. He wondered if anyone would want them. Henry made a note in his notebook. Mrs. Burke said she needed a babysitter. She was going to put an ad in The Gazette, but… As Henry made more notes, an idea started forming in his head. Maybe he could create a newsy page for the neighbors. But how would he print it? He went to the library and explained everything to Miss Ginger, the librarian. “Follow me,” she said. Seconds later, in front of a machine, Miss Ginger turned a handle and a purple-printed sheet rolled out. “ Will mimeographed (油印的) copies work?” she asked. “Perfect.” Henry had a plan. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Customers cheered Henry’s idea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Henry typed the news, mimeographed purple copies, and delivered the first Tree Streets News on Saturday. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Customers cheered Henry’s idea. Besides Mrs. Burke who longed for a babysitter and Mr. Simon who desired a large audience for his concert, Henry also collected six other neighbors appealing and needs, including Mr Grady who yearned for his children’s coming back for a short reunion. Information in hand, Henry knocked at Mr. Trotta’s door and pleaded for his support in publishing his first Oak Street News, who approved almost immediately. Soon, Henry’s tabloid was in circulation, which he cheerfully delivered from door to door as before. Henry typed the news, mimeographed purple copies, and delivered the first Tree Streets News on Saturday. Neigh bons applauded the idea of sharing their needs in a communal newspaper, which really addressed their immediate concern in a practical and efficient way. As Mrs Burke successfully found an ideal babysitter, Mr Simon secured a large following for his concert and Mr Grady who happily reunited with his kids. Henry realized. from his deep heart, that The Gazette was far from gone in this TV era, but transformed into Oak Street News that connected, bonded and tied the Oak neighbors in a cory fabric. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了亨利是一个送报工，但是随着电视的流行，报纸公司快要关门了。这时亨利想到了创办第一份《橡树街新闻》报纸，来刊登邻居们的需求。不久，亨利的小报开始发行，他像以前一样兴高采烈地挨家挨户地送报纸。邻居们对在社区报纸上分享他们的需求的想法表示欢迎，这确实以一种实用而有效的方式解决了他们最关心的问题。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“顾客们为亨利的想法欢呼。”可知，第一段可描写亨利创办《橡树街新闻》报纸，来刊登邻居们的需求。 ②由第二段首句内容“亨利把新闻打了出来，用油印机印了紫色的副本，并在星期六发表了第一份《树街新闻》。”可知，第二段可描写《橡树街新闻》报纸带来的良好影响。 2.续写线索：为想法欢呼——亨利收集信息——出版《橡树街新闻》报纸——送报纸——邻居的需求得到解决——邻居联系在一起 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①收集：collect/gather ②渴望：yearn for/long for ③支持：approve/be in favor of 情绪类 ①高兴地：cheerfully/gladly ②高效的：efficient/effective 【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides Mrs. Burke who longed for a babysitter and Mr. Simon who desired a large audience for his concert, Henry also collected six other neighbors appealing and needs, including Mr Grady who yearned for his children’s coming back for a short reunion. (运用了who引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] As Mrs Burke successfully found an ideal babysitter, Mr Simon secured a large following for his concert and Mr Grady who happily reunited with his kids.(运用了as引导的原因状语从句和who引导的定语从句) 试卷第4页，共9页 试卷第5页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．He was wise, amusing and gifted a sharp business brain. 2．Technology is going to (assistant) but it is not going to do everything. 3．She has a gift for (create) a relaxing atmosphere for her students. 4．She gained a (qualify) in marketing. 5．I regret to inform you that you are not qualified enough (choose) as our representative. 6．No one has come up a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out. 7．The students are encouraged to break from bad habits. 8． (describe) by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 9．Pilcher (suspect) of giving away government secrets to the enemy. 10．The policemen are looking for people (link) to the accident which happened last night. 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11．The fisherman (投，抛，撒) his net into the water. 12．The child wanted to know why the (彩虹) is in a bow shape. 13．It is believed that strong (领导才能) is needed to captain the team. 14．My father was very upset. He thought it was his (过失，责任). 15．She could (追踪) her family tree back to the 16th century. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．It is well known that he is a g boy in painting and his paintings are well received by famous arts experts. 17．He was given a reward for his o work. 18．Government officials are managing to turn a policy into concrete action plans. 19．Some think that students should be trained to d themselves against some attacks. 20．What you are saying now is not c with what you said last week. 四、完成句子 21．他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家。 He is an scientist in this field. 22．潘建伟于1970年3月出生于浙江东阳。 Pan Jianwei Dongyang, Zhejiang, Province in March 1970. 23．朗尼在制作另一项发明时想到了这个玩具。(while) Lonnie got the idea for this toy . 24．如果可能的话, 你最好早点过来。 , you had better come here early. 25．英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。 The Channel Tunnel the rest of Europe. 五、翻译 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 26． different of you 投射你不同的影子 27．all the colours of the 彩虹的各种颜色 28． the coffee 倒咖啡 29．a floor 混凝土地面 30．China’s science 中国航天科学 31． youth 爱国青年 32．Railway Engineering 铁路机械工程 33． major 航空专业 34． the country 保卫国家 35．American and rocket technology 美国飞机和火箭技术 六、七选五 In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), the need for critical thinking among humans has become important. 36 This is where critical thinking steps in, helping humans stay ahead in an increasingly automated (自动化的) world. Critical thinking is the process of actively and skillfully analyzing, evaluating, and constructing arguments. It involves the ability to question assumptions, recognize biases (偏见), and make informed decisions based on logic and evidence. 37 Firstly, AI systems are designed to operate within predefined parameters (参数) and datasets. They are good at pattern recognition and data analysis but often struggle with unexpected situations. Humans, armed with critical thinking skills, can identify and address these blind spots, adapting their approach to tackling unforeseen challenges. 38 Critical thinkers are able to question the AI's outputs, challenge its assumptions, and ensure that decisions are based on a full understanding of the problem at hand instead of being influenced by these biases and errors. 39 In a world where AI is automating routine tasks, the ability to think critically and creatively becomes a distinct factor. It allows humans to generate novel ideas, solve problems in unique ways, and contribute to social progress. Moral considerations are also crucial in the age of AI. As AI systems increasingly make decisions that affect people's lives, the need for moral judgment and critical thinking cannot be overstated. 40 In conclusion, critical thinking is vital in the age of artificial intelligence, ensuring a future that is both technologically advanced and human-centered. A．It can balance out AI's inability in many aspects. B．It enables people to understand the world in various ways. C．Critical thinking encourages creativity and innovation (创新). D．Critical thinking ensures human advantage in logical reasoning. E．Moreover, AI is affected by biases and errors in the data it is trained on. F．Critical thinkers can evaluate potential social impact and make moral decisions. G．AI, despite its impressive advancements, lacks the ability of deep understanding. 能力提升 一、完形填空 Francis Kere is the first African to win the Pritzker Prize, known as the Nobel Prize of architecture. However, his 1 to the peak of his field was far from smooth. Growing up in a village where there was no kindergarten, he was 2 into an extremely hot classroom with over 100 students. At the age of 7, Francis Kere had to leave his family home to attend school because his village didn’t have one of its own. This 3 of poor building facilities contributed to his vision of better educational lives of local children, using architecture. Thirteen years later, he boarded a plane for Germany on a scholarship to study architecture. His early reputation came in helping 4 a school in his village after graduating from college. He 5 the whole village to provide ideas and drew the 6 on sand for all to see. 7 , he involved them in constructing the school, using local wood and local clay (黏土). The result of their hard work was a welcoming structure with a “floating” roof that 8 ventilation (通风) in a hot climate and wall openings that bring 9 for students to learn even without electricity. He showed the villagers that ideas to 10 climate or other challenges are always at hand. In this process, local people learned 11 skills that they could later use to find work. By cooperating with them, Kere 12 the idea that climate solutions started with big institutions. He 13 that everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues related to education and climate and 14 a global impact by acting locally. Adopted by architects in dozens of countries, his 15 is rooted in the “unique” aspects of each community now. 1．A．angle B．welfare C．journey D．border 2．A．perceived B．crowded C．estimated D．reacted 3．A．trick B．infection C．qualification D．experience 4．A．integrate B．chart C．oppose D．design 5．A．banned B．encouraged C．ordered D．warned 6．A．firm B．soil C．draft D．gesture 7．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．However 8．A．blocks B．delays C．refuses D．allows 9．A．wind B．fire C．light D．air 10．A．subscribe to B．deal with C．participate in D．depend on 11．A．academic B．urgent C．severe D．practical 12．A．challenged B．declared C．attracted D．agreed 13．A．denied B．suspected C．imagined D．demonstrated 14．A．ignore B．generate C．miss D．lose 15．A．innovation B．fantasy C．patience D．expense 二、语法填空 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer 16 (develop) the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗), 17 protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer. Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on to obtain a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University, 18 (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) 19 (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers were caused by HPV and it 20 (believe) that a vaccine 21 HPV might work. 22 vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune (免疫的) response to the virus, but without causing an infection. This was a 23 (significance) focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis for the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines. 24 (fortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had a huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in 25 (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation. 拓展延伸 1．你校英语报正组织英语作文比赛，请以你最尊敬的一位科学家为话题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹： 2.你的感悟。 注意： 1. 字数80词左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落的开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Henry finished rolling copies of The Gazette, filled his bag and took off to deliver the news. It was 8:15 a.m. when he delivered the last newspaper. He had put the paper where Mr.Grady could get it without struggling to the sidewalk. Across the street, Henry’s delivery had landed perfectly too. Mrs. Burke, with twin babies, probably liked having her paper within easy reach. Henry parked his bike near the office building and bounded up to the editor-in-chiefs door. Mr. Trotta said, “We’re closing shop, Henry. Advertising is down. Television is how people get their news today.” “Um, no,” said Henry. “I’ve met so many people on my route. It’s sad. People won’t get their neighborhood news anymore.” Mr. Trotta nodded and sighed. “We held out as long as we could," he said. “You were terrific, Henry — always dependable.” A week after his last deliveries, Henry wondered if his customers missed The Gazette as much as he did. He thought of a way to find out. He started out on his old route with a notebook. First stop: Mr. Jonas, 17 Oak. Mr. Jonas said that he liked reading the week’s happenings and he had a pile of comics from old copies of The Gazette. He wondered if anyone would want them. Henry made a note in his notebook. Mrs. Burke said she needed a babysitter. She was going to put an ad in The Gazette, but… As Henry made more notes, an idea started forming in his head. Maybe he could create a newsy page for the neighbors. But how would he print it? He went to the library and explained everything to Miss Ginger, the librarian. “Follow me,” she said. Seconds later, in front of a machine, Miss Ginger turned a handle and a purple-printed sheet rolled out. “ Will mimeographed (油印的) copies work?” she asked. “Perfect.” Henry had a plan. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Customers cheered Henry’s idea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Henry typed the news, mimeographed purple copies, and delivered the first Tree Streets News on Saturday. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第4页，共9页 试卷第5页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$