Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and thinking（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and thinking分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). 2．The builders of the expressway (link) Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region. 3．The advice we receive can be (contradict) sometimes and we have to make decisions for ourselves. 4． (suspect) of being involved in the recent string of burglaries, he was summoned by the police for questioning. 5．In many countries, a driving license is a valid (prove) of identity. 6．The evidence demonstrates how easily people can hold mutually (contradict) beliefs. 7．Government (intervene) to regulate prices aims to lessen the destructive effects of economic depression. 8．The number of independent firms (decrease) from 198 to 96 in the past decades. 9．The young man seemed （change）much over the years. 10．I was (aware) of his existence until now. 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11． (批评) by the teacher, now he seldom let off steam on his teammates any more. 12．It was an event that would (使转化) my life. 13． (怀疑) of damaging this cultural heritage, he was arrested by the police. 14．You can (定期订购) to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. 15．To our amazement, a mass of almost (纯的) white cloud lay below us. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．Over time, Sichuan hot pot has expanded to include m options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces. 17．I keep getting c advice — some people tell me to continue and some tell me to give up. 18．It was clear that the driver who ran the red light in the accident was to b . 19．A combination of factors may be responsible for the d in car sales. 20．Through Snow’s tireless effort, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a s decrease. 四、完成句子 21． lack of sleep, poor nutrition and lack of exercise are not conducive to the healthy development of teenagers. 证据表明, 睡眠不足、营养不良和缺乏锻炼都不利于青少年的健康成长。 22．幸亏有你的及时帮助，我们才提前完成了任务。 your timely help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 23．既不要你负责，也不要他负责。 to blame. 24．事实是，有好几年时间，我还以为他在电话公司上班呢。 for years I thought he worked for the phone company. 25．老师好像很欣赏我为我的同学们做的一切。 the teacher appreciated what I did for my classmates. 五、七选五 How to Succeed in Science To succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with willingness not to follow conventions when they block your path forward. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success. • 26 That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than yourself. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult. 27 • Take risks. 28 If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes. This can be more than personally upsetting. • Never do anything that bores you. My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leave you alone. 29 In fact, I even find it hard to do well in something I like. It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists — you have to go to key meetings where you find key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them unpleasant. So my final rule is: 30 A．To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. B．Meet challenges with great courage. C．Put another way, it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top. D．Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess. E．I’m not good enough to do well in something I dislike. F．If you can’t stand to be with your real peers, get out of science. G．Avoid foolish people. 六、选词填空 in time    attend to    once and for all    subscribe to     as a result   thanks to     in general     draw a conclusion 31．Judging from what he said, I that he’d been lying. 32．My sister’s birthday is approaching. Luckily, the gift bought for her is sent . 33．If you would like to receive regular daily news by email, then you can this service as follows. 34． the summer camp for exchange students, they can learn a lot about Chinese culture. 35．Would you please the child when I am off to work? 36．Building a large gym is a tough task; it is not something that can be completed in a year. 37．Many mistakes have been escaping detection, and a lot of money has been lost . 38．Through poverty-relief policies, farmers in this area are better off than they were three years ago. 能力提升 一、完形填空 Tony, a teenager from India, is a lover of robotics. Recently, he has 1 a smart spoon, which can aid people with Parkinson’s disease to 2 by themselves. The spoon has won many 3 worldwide. However, Tony’s original 4 of doing this was not for awards. 5 , his idea for this spoon came from his grandpa, who suffers from Parkinson. He often found his grandpa 6 to feed himself. His hands kept shaking and food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth. Whenever he saw this, Tony’s heart 7 and he was determined to do something. The development of the spoon did not go 8 For example, he failed to find some special electronic parts in his country and had to 9 them from other countries. Despite all the difficulties, Tony 10 in making the first model. Now the first 11 has gone through a few 12 based on the users’ feedback (反馈) . “The spoon has been 13 to be waterproof (防水的) so that it can be washed. And it needs to be deeper to hold more food,” Tony said. Although there exist similar products in the market, they are not 14 for most people. Tony’s spoon solved the problem with its lower cost. He wished that everyone with Parkinson’s could eat without 15 on others. 1．A．invented B．suggested C．sought D．replaced 2．A．reflect B．respect C．eat D．tend 3．A．beliefs B．honors C．benefits D．accounts 4．A．purpose B．guideline C．philosophy D．opportunity 5．A．Thus B．Instead C．So D．Indeed 6．A．rejecting B．preferring C．struggling D．complaining 7．A．scared B．responded C．admitted D．ached 8．A．quickly B．smoothly C．financially D．separately 9．A．import B．fold C．elect D．decorate 10．A．kept B．succeeded C．considered D．avoided 11．A．engine B．software C．design D．award 12．A．features B．figures C．cures D．changes 13．A．faded B．selected C．repaired D．improved 14．A．affordable B．convenient C．particular D．fascinating 15．A．pressing B．upsetting C．depending D．approaching 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Xiaomi held a launch event for its first electric vehicle (EV) model, the Speed Ultra 7 (SU7), in Beijing on Thursday. It marks the smartphone giant’s entry into the 16 (compete) and challenging Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market. The SU7 series will be launched in nine different colors, at a price starting from215,900 yuan ($29,866) and mass 17 (produce) is expected to start in the first half of 2024. Customers and analysts had previously estimated that the SU7 18 (be) priced at 200,000 to 300,000 yuan. 19 (start) from Monday, the SU7 series has been on display in 59 stores across 29 cities in China, a staff member at the store told the Global Times, adding that people have been crowding 20 the showroom to see the car. China’s NEV market has become the world’s biggest market 21 carmakers are ramping up (增加) efforts 22 (improve) technological capabilities amid (在……中) an ongoing price war. Meanwhile, Chinese NEV manufacturers are expanding overseas. About 19.5 percent of EVs purchased in Europe last year 23 (make) in China and this is on track to reach a quarter in 2024.3.29. It’s still unknown whether Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream will succeed. However, analysts believe 24 will drive innovation and progress in NEV technology, and help promote the expansion and market penetration (渗透) of NEVs by attracting more consumers, and increasing 25 (aware) and recognition of NEVs. 三、阅读理解 Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research. Biological materials that come from human cells, like enzymes, proteins, and antibodies, are crucial to developing new medicines and diagnostic tests. And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly. Most biological materials are stored as liquids or freeze-dried powders and kept at low temperatures for the duration of their shelf life. This is achieved through a complex integrated system of refrigerators and freezers known as the cold chain. This requires a significant investment in equipment and infrastructure, making it expensive to maintain, and makes the cold chain prone to shipping delays, power outages, equipment failure and human error. Inspired from the home medicine cabinet (储藏柜), where medications are stored in the form of liquids, powder-filled capsules, and tablets, researchers at California Polytechnic State University have developed a new storage platform based on the humble tablet that would enable biological materials to be compressed (压缩) into a solid state. Tablets provide advantages to the storage and handling of biomaterials that the cold chain doesn’t. For one thing, they can be stored at room temperature. And, when they’re required, the tablet can be dissolved in water. “Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study. The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials. By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals. These changes might eventually allow injectable medications, such as insulin, to be taken orally. 26．What is a special requirement to store biological materials? A．Constant temperature maintenance. B．Exposure to various temperatures. C．Periodically freezing and melting. D．Direct contact with air. 27．What is the researchers’ attitude to their storage method? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful. 28．Which word can replace the underlined word “withstand” in the last paragraph? A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish. 29．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of storing biological materials. B．The making process of effervescent tablets. C．Healthcare applications of biological materials. D．A new tablet storage method of biological materials. A new way to get rid of HIV from the body could one day be turned into a cure for infection by this virus, although it hasn’t yet been shown to work in people. The strategy uses a relatively recent genetic technique called CRISPR, which can make cuts in DNA to introduce errors into viral genetic material within immune cells (免疫细胞). “These findings represent a key advancement towards designing a cure strategy,” researcher Elena Herrera Carrillo at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands said in a statement. While infection with HIV was once nearly always fatal (致命的), those with the virus can now take drugs that stop it from reproducing. This gives them a nearly normal lifespan, as long as they diligently take their medicines every day. But when people are first infected, some of the virus inserts its DNA into their immune cells, where it stays dormant. If they stop taking their HIV medicines, this DNA “reawakens” and the virus starts spreading through their immune systems again. For a cure, we need some way of killing any dormant virus in the body. Several strategies have been tried, but none have so far been found to work. The latest approach uses a gene-editing system called CRISPR. Originally discovered in bacteria, this homes in on a specific DNA sequence, making cuts in it. By changing the DNA sequence being targeted, the system can potentially be turned into a form of gene therapy for many conditions, with the first such treatment having been approved last year in the US and UK as a cure for sickle cell anemia. Several groups are investigating using CRISPR which targets a gene in HIV as a way of disabling dorman t virus. Now, Carrillo and her team have shown that, when tested on immune cells in a dish, their CRISPR system could disable all viruses, removing them from these cells. The work is due to be presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Barcelona, Spain, next month. Jonathan Stoye at the Francis Crick Institute in London says that although the results are encouraging, the next step is trials in animals and eventually people to show the treatment can reach all the immune cells with dormant HIV. Some of these cells are thought to reside in bone marrow, but there may be other body sites involved too, he says. “There’s still a fair amount of uncertainty about whether there are other reservoirs in other parts of the body,” he says. A Californian firm called Excision BioTherapeutics has previously shown that a CRISPR-based approach can reduce the amount of dormant virus in monkeys infected with a similar virus to HIV. 30．How does the CRISPR underlying logic? A．Curing people who have HIV. B．Preventing virus breeding. C．Unneeded to absorb drugs regularly. D．Changing DNA’s sequence. 31．Which description is the most suitable for the underlined word “dormant” in paragraph 4? A．Having biological activity suspended. B．Represented on a cost of arms in a lying position with the head on the forefeet. C．Marked by a suspension of external activity. D．Associated with, carried out, or applied during a period of dormancy. 32．How does the group conduct their research in paragraph 7? A．By erasing the virus into the cell. B．By testing outside the body. C．By launching a clinical trial. D．By verifying CRISPR’s efficiency. 33．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The treatment enables it to reach the system. B．HIV is still living in human beings’ marrow. C．Several functions should be investigated. D．The strategy is still regarded as a prospect. 拓展延伸 1．假如你是李华，上周末参观了一场机器人展，你的朋友Bob对此很感兴趣，写信向你询问机器人展上的一些细节。请你给他写一封回信，和他介绍一下你最感兴趣的机器人。内容包括： 1. 该机器人的特点； 2. 你对该机器人的看法。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Bob, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第4页，共9页 试卷第5页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and thinking分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). 2．The builders of the expressway (link) Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region. 3．The advice we receive can be (contradict) sometimes and we have to make decisions for ourselves. 4． (suspect) of being involved in the recent string of burglaries, he was summoned by the police for questioning. 5．In many countries, a driving license is a valid (prove) of identity. 6．The evidence demonstrates how easily people can hold mutually (contradict) beliefs. 7．Government (intervene) to regulate prices aims to lessen the destructive effects of economic depression. 8．The number of independent firms (decrease) from 198 to 96 in the past decades. 9．The young man seemed （change）much over the years. 10．I was (aware) of his existence until now. 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11． (批评) by the teacher, now he seldom let off steam on his teammates any more. 12．It was an event that would (使转化) my life. 13． (怀疑) of damaging this cultural heritage, he was arrested by the police. 14．You can (定期订购) to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. 15．To our amazement, a mass of almost (纯的) white cloud lay below us. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．Over time, Sichuan hot pot has expanded to include m options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces. 17．I keep getting c advice — some people tell me to continue and some tell me to give up. 18．It was clear that the driver who ran the red light in the accident was to b . 19．A combination of factors may be responsible for the d in car sales. 20．Through Snow’s tireless effort, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a s decrease. 四、完成句子 21． lack of sleep, poor nutrition and lack of exercise are not conducive to the healthy development of teenagers. 证据表明, 睡眠不足、营养不良和缺乏锻炼都不利于青少年的健康成长。 22．幸亏有你的及时帮助，我们才提前完成了任务。 your timely help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 23．既不要你负责，也不要他负责。 to blame. 24．事实是，有好几年时间，我还以为他在电话公司上班呢。 for years I thought he worked for the phone company. 25．老师好像很欣赏我为我的同学们做的一切。 the teacher appreciated what I did for my classmates. 五、七选五 How to Succeed in Science To succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with willingness not to follow conventions when they block your path forward. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success. • 26 That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than yourself. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult. 27 • Take risks. 28 If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes. This can be more than personally upsetting. • Never do anything that bores you. My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leave you alone. 29 In fact, I even find it hard to do well in something I like. It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists — you have to go to key meetings where you find key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them unpleasant. So my final rule is: 30 A．To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. B．Meet challenges with great courage. C．Put another way, it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top. D．Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess. E．I’m not good enough to do well in something I dislike. F．If you can’t stand to be with your real peers, get out of science. G．Avoid foolish people. 六、选词填空 in time    attend to    once and for all    subscribe to     as a result   thanks to     in general     draw a conclusion 31．Judging from what he said, I that he’d been lying. 32．My sister’s birthday is approaching. Luckily, the gift bought for her is sent . 33．If you would like to receive regular daily news by email, then you can this service as follows. 34． the summer camp for exchange students, they can learn a lot about Chinese culture. 35．Would you please the child when I am off to work? 36．Building a large gym is a tough task; it is not something that can be completed in a year. 37．Many mistakes have been escaping detection, and a lot of money has been lost . 38．Through poverty-relief policies, farmers in this area are better off than they were three years ago. 1．infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：狗咬伤的伤口已经感染了。本句谓语为has become，此处为非谓语动词，The wound与infect“传染，使感染”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作表语。故填infected。 2．linking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：连接青海省久治县和四川省马尔康县的高速公路的建设者知道在该地区修建公路是多么复杂。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作expressway的后置定语，link“连接”和expressway逻辑上是主动关系，应用link的现在分词形式。故填linking。 3．contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们收到的建议有时可能自相矛盾，我们必须自己做决定。分析句子结构可知，本空填形容词contradictory(矛盾的，对立的)，作表语，故答案为contradictory。 4．Suspected/Having been suspected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被怀疑牵涉进了最近一系列的入室盗窃案，他被警方传唤接受询问。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处需要非谓语动词，作状语。该动词和其逻辑主语之间被动关系，所以用过去分词。也可以理解为该动词和其逻辑主语为被动关系，且该动作发生在主句动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式“having been done”的结构。故填Suspected或Having been suspected。 5．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：在许多国家，驾驶执照是有效的身份证明。此处应用名词proof作表语，由a可知，应用单数，故填proof。 6．contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些证据表明，人们很容易持有相互矛盾的信念。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用形容词contradictory“矛盾的”，作定语，修饰beliefs。故填contradictory。 7．intervention 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府对价格的干预旨在减轻经济萧条的破坏性影响。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少的是句子的主语，应用名词intervention（不可数名词）作主语。故填intervention。 8．has decreased 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，独立公司的数量从198家减少到96家。分析句子结构可知，decrease作本句谓语，根据时间状语in the past decades可知，用现在完成时，主语是The number of independent firms意为“独立公司的数量”，为第三人称单数。故填has decreased。 9．to have changed 【详解】考查不定式。句意：这些年来，那个年轻人似乎已经改变了很多。seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”，接不定式作宾语，根据句意，change发生谓语动词seem之前，用不定式的完成时，故填to have changed。 10．unaware 【详解】考查形容词。句意：直到现在我才意识到他的存在。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示的是否定意义，即“未意识到……”符合句意 ，所以，此处应使用aware的反义词unaware。故填unaware。 11．Criticized/Criticised/Blamed 【详解】考查动词和过去分词。句意：由于受到老师的批评，他现在很少拿队友出气了。表示“批评”应用动词criticize/criticise/blame。空格处和谓语之间没有连词，根据“by the teacher”可知，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词形式作状语。句首首字母应大写。故填Criticized/Criticised/Blamed。 12．transform 【详解】考查动词。句意：这件事改变了我的生活。根据汉语提示“使转化”可知，此处为动词transform，位于情态动词would后面，使用动词原形。故填transform。 13．Suspected 【详解】考查动词。句意：他因涉嫌破坏这一文化遗产而被警方逮捕。根据提示的汉语，表示“怀疑”应为suspect，此处为非谓语动词作状语，suspect与逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词suspected，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Suspected。 14．subscribe 【详解】考查动词。句意：你可以以每年32美元的价格订阅这本杂志。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词subscribe，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填subscribe。 15．pure 【详解】考查形容词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，我们下方出现了一团几乎纯白色的云。“纯的”为形容词pure作定语，修饰white cloud。故填pure。 16．multiple/ultiple 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着时间的推移，四川火锅已经扩展到包括多种汤、蔬菜、肉类和酱料的选择。根据“options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces”和首字母m可知，此处是指多种选择，应用形容词multiple表示“多种的”作定语。故填multiple。 17．contradictory/ontradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不断得到相互矛盾的建议——有些人让我继续，有些人让我放弃。根据句意“相互矛盾的”和首字母提示可知，此处为形容词contradictory，作定语，修饰名词advice。故填contradictory。 18．blame/lame 【详解】考查动词。句意：很明显，在事故中闯红灯的司机应该受到责备。根据首字母和句意可知，空处为blame，be to blame“应该受到责备”为固定短语。故填blame。 19．decrease/ecrease 【详解】考查名词。句意：多种因素的结合可能是汽车销量下降的原因。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处应填入decrease，表示“下降；减少”。故填decrease。 20．substantial/ubstantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅减少。由空前的a可知，此处decrease是名词，空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词decrease，根据课文原文可知，句子表示“通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅减少”，空格处意为“大量的”，由首字母提示s可知，是substantial。故填substantial。 21．Proof shows (that)/ Evidence shows (that)/ It has been proved that 【详解】考查固定句型。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“证据表明”，此处可用固定句型，根据后文描述是客观事实，用一般现在时，“证据”为名词proof/evidence，“证据表明”可用Proof shows (that)或者Evidence shows (that)或者It has been proved that，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填Proof shows (that)或者Evidence shows (that)或者It has been proved that。 22．Thanks to 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“幸亏”，固定搭配thanks to，意为“幸亏”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Thanks to。 23．Neither you nor he is to blame. 【详解】考查短语、时态和连词。“既不……也不”为neither...nor ，陈述事实，为一般现在时，“负责任”为be to blame，遵循就近一致原则，be动词和he保持一致，用单数。故填Neither you nor he is to blame. 24．The truth was that 【详解】考查名词、时态、表语从句。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“事实是”。表示“事实”用truth，此处为特指，truth前加the，作主语。根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语为The truth，故表示“是”用was，was后为表语从句；从句不缺少成分且从句意义完整，用that引导。故填The truth was that。 25．It seemed that 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。It seems that“看起来”，为固定句型，根据下文的时态可知，描述过去发生的事，本句为一般过去时。故填It seemed that。 26．G 27．C 28．A 29．E 30．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在科学上取得成功的一些经验和方法。 26．空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。根据后文“That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than yourself. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. (这听起来可能很骄傲，但事实是，你必须经常求助于比你聪明的人。就像玩任何游戏一样。即使在我还是个孩子的时候，我也从来不想和像我一样糟糕的人玩游戏)”可知，本段的建议与和比自己聪明的人相处相关，因此G项“Avoid foolish people. (避免愚蠢的人)”符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的foolish和后文的brighter相对。故选G。 27．前文“And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult. (在科学或人生的游戏中，最高目标不仅仅是取胜；而是在非常困难的事情上获胜)”解释在科学中获胜的性质，因此C项“Put another way, it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top. (换句话说，就是超越自己的能力，取得成功)”符合语境，进一步解释获胜的含义，承接前文。故选C。 28．空处位于段首，应该引出段落内容。后文“If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes. This can be more than personally upsetting. (如果你想在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃，从定义上讲，你很可能没有资格成功。此外，你甚至要准备好怀疑你的科学英雄。这可能不仅仅是个人的烦恼)”主要介绍了在科学上获得成功的困难，因此A项“To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. (为了取得巨大的成功，科学家必须准备好陷入大麻烦)”符合语境，点明要有陷入大麻烦的准备，其中的deep trouble呼应后文描述的困难。故选A。 29．段落标题“Never do anything that bores you. (不要做任何让你厌烦的事情)”建议在科学上避免让自己厌烦的事情，后文“In fact, I even find it hard to do well in something I like. (事实上，我甚至发现很难做好我喜欢的事情)”分享做好喜欢的事情也有难度的经验，因此E项“I’m not good enough to do well in something I dislike. (我不够好，不能做好我不喜欢的事情)”符合语境，分享很难做好不喜欢的事情的经验，呼应标题，后文是对选项内容的延伸。故选E。 30．前文“It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists — you have to go to key meetings where you find key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them unpleasant. (如果你不想和其他科学家在一起，你就很难取得成功——你必须参加一些重要的会议，在那里你会发现一些你可能会漏掉的关键事实。你必须和你的竞争对手聊天，即使你觉得他们不讨人喜欢)”说明想在科学上取得成功必须和他人相处协作，因此F项“If you can’t stand to be with your real peers, get out of science. (如果你不能忍受和你真正的同龄人在一起，那就离开科学吧)”符合语境，点明无法和他人待在一起就应放弃科学，是对前文内容的总结。故选F。 31．drew a conclusion 32．in time 33．subscribe to 34．Thanks to 35．attend to 36．once and for all 37．as a result 38．in general 【解析】31．考查动词短语。句意：根据他说的话判断，我得出结论，他一直在说谎。根据“Judging from what he said”并结合句意可知，我得出了他说谎的结论，draw a conclusion表示“得出结论”，“他一直在说谎”发生在“我得出结论”之前，用了过去完成进行时，故“我得出结论”用一般过去时。故填drew a conclusion。 32．考查介词短语。句意：我妹妹的生日快到了。幸运的是，为她买的生日礼物及时送达了。根据“Luckily”可知，礼物及时送达了，in time表示“及时”符合句意。故填in time。 33．考查动词短语。句意：如果你想通过电子邮件接收定期的每日新闻，那么你可以按照以下方式订阅此服务。根据“can”可知，空处需填动词原形，subscribe to表示“订阅”符合句意。故填subscribe to。 34．考查固定短语。句意：多亏了交换生夏令营活动，他们才能学到很多中国的文化。Thanks to表示“多亏，幸亏，由于”符合句意。故填Thanks to。 35．考查动词短语。句意：我去上班时，你能照顾一下孩子吗？根据“Would you”可知，空处需填动词原形，attend to表示“照顾，照看”符合句意。故填attend to。 36．考查固定短语。句意：建造一个大型健身房是一项艰巨的任务，这不是一年就能一劳永逸的事情。根据“Building a large gym is a tough task”可知，任务艰巨，一年无法完成，once and for all表示“一劳永逸地”符合句意。故填once and for all。 37．考查介词短语。句意：许多错误都没有被发现，结果损失了很多钱。根据句意可知，“a lot of money has been lost”是“Many mistakes have been escaping detection”的结果，as a result表示“结果是，因此”符合句意。故填as a result。 38．考查介词短语。句意：通过扶贫政策，这个地区的农民总体上比三年前生活更好。根据句意可知，扶贫政策总体上提高了人民的生活水平。in general表示“总体上，一般来说”符合句意。故填in general。 能力提升 一、完形填空 Tony, a teenager from India, is a lover of robotics. Recently, he has 1 a smart spoon, which can aid people with Parkinson’s disease to 2 by themselves. The spoon has won many 3 worldwide. However, Tony’s original 4 of doing this was not for awards. 5 , his idea for this spoon came from his grandpa, who suffers from Parkinson. He often found his grandpa 6 to feed himself. His hands kept shaking and food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth. Whenever he saw this, Tony’s heart 7 and he was determined to do something. The development of the spoon did not go 8 For example, he failed to find some special electronic parts in his country and had to 9 them from other countries. Despite all the difficulties, Tony 10 in making the first model. Now the first 11 has gone through a few 12 based on the users’ feedback (反馈) . “The spoon has been 13 to be waterproof (防水的) so that it can be washed. And it needs to be deeper to hold more food,” Tony said. Although there exist similar products in the market, they are not 14 for most people. Tony’s spoon solved the problem with its lower cost. He wished that everyone with Parkinson’s could eat without 15 on others. 1．A．invented B．suggested C．sought D．replaced 2．A．reflect B．respect C．eat D．tend 3．A．beliefs B．honors C．benefits D．accounts 4．A．purpose B．guideline C．philosophy D．opportunity 5．A．Thus B．Instead C．So D．Indeed 6．A．rejecting B．preferring C．struggling D．complaining 7．A．scared B．responded C．admitted D．ached 8．A．quickly B．smoothly C．financially D．separately 9．A．import B．fold C．elect D．decorate 10．A．kept B．succeeded C．considered D．avoided 11．A．engine B．software C．design D．award 12．A．features B．figures C．cures D．changes 13．A．faded B．selected C．repaired D．improved 14．A．affordable B．convenient C．particular D．fascinating 15．A．pressing B．upsetting C．depending D．approaching 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Tony见到患有帕金森氏症的爷爷无法独立进食的困境，他发明了一个可以帮助这类患者用餐的智能勺子。虽然在开发过程中遇到了一些问题，但通过用户反馈进行微调，他最终成功制造了适合患者使用的勺子。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，他发明了一种智能勺子，可以帮助帕金森氏症患者独自吃法。A. invented发明；B. suggested建议；C. sought寻找；D. replaced代替。根据第三段叙述的Tony设计勺子的模型，进行各种微调可知，他发明了这种智能勺子。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reflect反映；B. respect尊重；C. eat吃；D. tend倾向于。根据前文提到的“a smart spoon”可知，Tony希望患者可以用这种勺子自己吃饭。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的勺子在世界范围内赢得了许多荣誉。A. belief相信；B. honor荣誉；C. benefits益处；好处；D. accounts描述。根据下文“was not for awards”可知，勺子赢得了许多荣誉，故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Tony这样做的最初目的不是为了赢得奖励。A. purpose目的；B. guideline指导方针；C. philosophy哲学；D. opportunity机会。根据下文“of doing this was not for awards.”以及下文发明勺子的初衷可知，此处说的是发明的最长目的。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，这个勺子的创意来自他患有帕金森症的爷爷。A. Thus因而；B. Instead相反；C. So因此；D. Indeed的确。根据下文“his idea for this spoon came from his grandpa, who suffers from Parkinson.”可知，Tony发明勺子的初衷不是为了荣誉，相反是为了患有帕金森症的爷爷。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他经常发现他的爷爷挣扎着喂自己吃饭。A. rejecting拒绝；B. preferring更喜欢；C. struggling挣扎；D. complaining抱怨。根据下文“His hands kept shaking and food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth.”可知，爷爷吃饭时，食物总是从勺子上掉下来，从他嘴里流出来，因此是挣扎着喂自己吃饭。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当他看到这些，托尼的心就会痛，他决定做点什么。A. scared使害怕；B. responded回答；C. admitted承认；D. ached疼。根据下文“he was determined to do something”可知，Tony看到爷爷艰难地吃饭心里疼痛，决定为爷爷做点什么，开始研发智能勺子。故选D。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在开发过程中，并非所有事情都进展顺利。A. quickly快速地；B. smoothly顺利地；C. financially经济地；D. separately分开地。根据下文“For example, he failed to find some special electronic parts in his country and had to ___9___ them from other countries.”可知，本句后的内容举例说明在发明的过程中遇到了一些困难，因此是并非所有事情都进展顺利。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，他没有在他的国家找到一些特殊的电子零件，不得不从其他国家进口。A. import进口；B. fold折叠；C. elect选举；D. decorate 装饰。根据上文“he failed to find some special electronic parts in his country”和下文“from other countries”可知，Tony不得不从其他国家进口特殊的电子零件，因为在自己的国家没有找到这些零件。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，Tony成功地制造了第一个模型。A. kept保持；B. succeeded成功；C. considered考虑；D. avoided避免。根据下文“Now the first ___11___ has gone through a few ___12___ based on the users’ feedback (反馈) .”可知，Tony一直在根据用户的反馈对发明出的第一版勺子进行微调，因此成功地制造了第一个模型。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在原来的设计基于用户的反馈经过了一些修改。A. engine引擎；B. software软件；C. design设计；D. award奖品。根据上文“in making the first model”可知，这是未经修改的最长的第一个设计。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. features特色；B. figures图形；C. cures治愈；D. changes改变。根据下文““The spoon has been ___13___ to be waterproof (防水的) so that it can be washed. And it needs to be deeper to hold more food,” Tony said.”可知，Aarrav一直在根据用户的反馈对发明出的第一版勺子进行微调，因此原来的设计是经过了一些修改。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它需要防水，以便于清洗。A. faded褪色；B. selected选择；C. repaired修理；D. improved改进。根据下文“so that it can be washed”可知，这款勺子需要改进，满足可以清洗的条件。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然类似的产品已经进入市场，但它们对大多数人来说买不起。A. affordable买得起的；B. convenient方便的；C. particular特别；D. fascinating迷人的。根据下文“Tony’s spoon solved the problem with its lower cost.”可推知，此处指类似的勺子已经进入市场，但存在成本太高，大多数人买不起的问题，从而衬托Aarrav的发明的优势。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他希望每个帕金森患者都可以不依靠他人吃饭。A. pressing挤压；B. upsetting使心烦意乱；C. depending依赖；D. approaching接近。根据前文Tony发明出一款智能勺子，以帮助帕金森氏症患者用餐的情境可推知，此处指他希望这款产品可以为这些患者不依靠他人。故选C。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Xiaomi held a launch event for its first electric vehicle (EV) model, the Speed Ultra 7 (SU7), in Beijing on Thursday. It marks the smartphone giant’s entry into the 16 (compete) and challenging Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market. The SU7 series will be launched in nine different colors, at a price starting from215,900 yuan ($29,866) and mass 17 (produce) is expected to start in the first half of 2024. Customers and analysts had previously estimated that the SU7 18 (be) priced at 200,000 to 300,000 yuan. 19 (start) from Monday, the SU7 series has been on display in 59 stores across 29 cities in China, a staff member at the store told the Global Times, adding that people have been crowding 20 the showroom to see the car. China’s NEV market has become the world’s biggest market 21 carmakers are ramping up (增加) efforts 22 (improve) technological capabilities amid (在……中) an ongoing price war. Meanwhile, Chinese NEV manufacturers are expanding overseas. About 19.5 percent of EVs purchased in Europe last year 23 (make) in China and this is on track to reach a quarter in 2024.3.29. It’s still unknown whether Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream will succeed. However, analysts believe 24 will drive innovation and progress in NEV technology, and help promote the expansion and market penetration (渗透) of NEVs by attracting more consumers, and increasing 25 (aware) and recognition of NEVs. 【答案】 16．competitive 17．production 18．would be 19．Starting 20．into 21．where 22．to improve 23．were made 24．it 25．awareness 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是周四，中国科技巨头小米在北京举行了其首款电动汽车（EV）车型Speed Ultra 7 (SU7)的发布会。 16．考查形容词。句意：这标志着这家智能手机巨头进入了竞争激烈、充满挑战的中国新能源汽车市场。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market，compete的形容词是competitive，意为“有竞争力的”，故填competitive。 17．考查名词。句意：SU7系列将推出9种不同的颜色，价格从215,900元（29,866美元）起，预计将于2024年上半年开始量产。mass是形容词，修饰名词，此处表示“量产”，空格处意为“生产”，名词是production，是不可数名词，故填production。 18．考查时态。句意：客户和分析师此前预计，SU7的售价将在人民币20万至30万元之间。根据语境可知，句子表示“SU7的售价将在人民币20万至30万元之间”，句子用将来时，由estimated可知，句子用过去将来时，因此空格处是would be。故填would be。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：该店的一名工作人员告诉《环球时报》，从周一开始，SU7系列已经在中国29个城市的59家门店展出，并补充说人们已经挤进展厅看这款车。句中谓语是has been，空格处用非谓语动词，the SU7 series和start之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Starting。 20．考查介词。句意：该店的一名工作人员告诉《环球时报》，从周一开始，SU7系列已经在中国29个城市的59家门店展出，并补充说人们已经挤进展厅看这款车。crowd into是固定短语，意为“挤进”，因此空格处用介词into，故填into。 21．考查定语从句。句意：中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词market是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 22．考查不定式。句意：中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力。根据语境可知，句子表示“中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力”，因此空格处用不定式表目的，故填to improve。 23．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：去年在欧洲购买的电动汽车中，约有19.5%是在中国制造的，这一比例有望在2024年达到四分之一。EVs与make之间是被动关系，且由last year可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语19.5 percent of EVs是复数，因此空格处是were made。故填were made。 24．考查代词。句意：然而，分析人士认为，这将推动新能源汽车技术的创新和进步，并通过吸引更多消费者，提高对新能源汽车的认识和认可，帮助促进新能源汽车的扩张和市场渗透。空格处用it指代前面的“Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream”，故填it。 25．考查名词。句意：然而，分析人士认为，这将推动新能源汽车技术的创新和进步，并通过吸引更多消费者，提高对新能源汽车的认识和认可，帮助促进新能源汽车的扩张和市场渗透。increasing是形容词，修饰名词，aware的名词是awareness，是不可数名词，意为“意识，认识”，故填awareness。 三、阅读理解 Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research. Biological materials that come from human cells, like enzymes, proteins, and antibodies, are crucial to developing new medicines and diagnostic tests. And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly. Most biological materials are stored as liquids or freeze-dried powders and kept at low temperatures for the duration of their shelf life. This is achieved through a complex integrated system of refrigerators and freezers known as the cold chain. This requires a significant investment in equipment and infrastructure, making it expensive to maintain, and makes the cold chain prone to shipping delays, power outages, equipment failure and human error. Inspired from the home medicine cabinet (储藏柜), where medications are stored in the form of liquids, powder-filled capsules, and tablets, researchers at California Polytechnic State University have developed a new storage platform based on the humble tablet that would enable biological materials to be compressed (压缩) into a solid state. Tablets provide advantages to the storage and handling of biomaterials that the cold chain doesn’t. For one thing, they can be stored at room temperature. And, when they’re required, the tablet can be dissolved in water. “Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study. The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials. By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals. These changes might eventually allow injectable medications, such as insulin, to be taken orally. 26．What is a special requirement to store biological materials? A．Constant temperature maintenance. B．Exposure to various temperatures. C．Periodically freezing and melting. D．Direct contact with air. 27．What is the researchers’ attitude to their storage method? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful. 28．Which word can replace the underlined word “withstand” in the last paragraph? A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish. 29．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of storing biological materials. B．The making process of effervescent tablets. C．Healthcare applications of biological materials. D．A new tablet storage method of biological materials. 【答案】26．A 27．A 28．B 29．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加州州立理工大学的研究人员通过研究，找到了可以在常温下存储和处理生物材料的方法。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段“And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly.(而且它们很脆弱。它们对温度极为敏感，在储存、搬运和运输过程中需要恒温。如果储存或处理不当，这些材料将处于非活性状态，这可能会带来高昂的成本)”可知，生物材料对温度极其敏感，在储存、处理和运输过程中需要恒定的环境温度。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据第五段““Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study.(该研究的研究人员说：“我们的创新使生物材料的储存和使用变得像泡腾片一样简单。只需将其放入水中，混合，即可使用。”)”以及最后一段“The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials.(研究人员表示，他们新的基于平板电脑的存储和处理方法易于使用，不需要特殊培训，因此适用于许多应用。他们还看到了除了改善生物材料的储存和处理之外的潜在用途)”可知，研究人员认为储存方法很简单，并易于使用，由此可知，研究人员对他们的储存方法持赞成的态度。故选A。 28．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals.(通过修改平板电脑的涂层，这种固态存储平台可以withstand高温、潮湿和化学物质等极端条件)”可推知，此处表示经过涂层修改后，固态存储平台可以承受极端条件，划线单词表示“承受”，与Stand意义相近。故选B。 29．主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research.(研究人员开发了一种突破性的储存和处理有价值生物材料的方法，消除了冷藏的局限性。这种新方法在医疗保健和科学研究方面具有潜在的应用前景)”可知，本文主要介绍了加州州立理工大学的研究人员通过研究，找到的一种可以在常温下存储和处理生物材料的方法。故选D。 A new way to get rid of HIV from the body could one day be turned into a cure for infection by this virus, although it hasn’t yet been shown to work in people. The strategy uses a relatively recent genetic technique called CRISPR, which can make cuts in DNA to introduce errors into viral genetic material within immune cells (免疫细胞). “These findings represent a key advancement towards designing a cure strategy,” researcher Elena Herrera Carrillo at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands said in a statement. While infection with HIV was once nearly always fatal (致命的), those with the virus can now take drugs that stop it from reproducing. This gives them a nearly normal lifespan, as long as they diligently take their medicines every day. But when people are first infected, some of the virus inserts its DNA into their immune cells, where it stays dormant. If they stop taking their HIV medicines, this DNA “reawakens” and the virus starts spreading through their immune systems again. For a cure, we need some way of killing any dormant virus in the body. Several strategies have been tried, but none have so far been found to work. The latest approach uses a gene-editing system called CRISPR. Originally discovered in bacteria, this homes in on a specific DNA sequence, making cuts in it. By changing the DNA sequence being targeted, the system can potentially be turned into a form of gene therapy for many conditions, with the first such treatment having been approved last year in the US and UK as a cure for sickle cell anemia. Several groups are investigating using CRISPR which targets a gene in HIV as a way of disabling dorman t virus. Now, Carrillo and her team have shown that, when tested on immune cells in a dish, their CRISPR system could disable all viruses, removing them from these cells. The work is due to be presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Barcelona, Spain, next month. Jonathan Stoye at the Francis Crick Institute in London says that although the results are encouraging, the next step is trials in animals and eventually people to show the treatment can reach all the immune cells with dormant HIV. Some of these cells are thought to reside in bone marrow, but there may be other body sites involved too, he says. “There’s still a fair amount of uncertainty about whether there are other reservoirs in other parts of the body,” he says. A Californian firm called Excision BioTherapeutics has previously shown that a CRISPR-based approach can reduce the amount of dormant virus in monkeys infected with a similar virus to HIV. 30．How does the CRISPR underlying logic? A．Curing people who have HIV. B．Preventing virus breeding. C．Unneeded to absorb drugs regularly. D．Changing DNA’s sequence. 31．Which description is the most suitable for the underlined word “dormant” in paragraph 4? A．Having biological activity suspended. B．Represented on a cost of arms in a lying position with the head on the forefeet. C．Marked by a suspension of external activity. D．Associated with, carried out, or applied during a period of dormancy. 32．How does the group conduct their research in paragraph 7? A．By erasing the virus into the cell. B．By testing outside the body. C．By launching a clinical trial. D．By verifying CRISPR’s efficiency. 33．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The treatment enables it to reach the system. B．HIV is still living in human beings’ marrow. C．Several functions should be investigated. D．The strategy is still regarded as a prospect. 【答案】30．D 31．A 32．B 33．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用CRISPR基因编辑技术来消除体内HIV的新方法，尽管尚未在人类身上证明其有效性，但这种策略有望成为治愈HIV感染的方法。 30．细节理解题。由第六段“The latest approach uses a gene-editing system called CRISPR. Originally discovered in bacteria, this homes in on a specific DNA sequence, making cuts in it. By changing the DNA sequence being targeted, the system can potentially be turned into a form of gene therapy for many conditions, with the first such treatment having been approved last year in the US and UK as a cure for sickle cell anemia. (最新的方法使用了一种名为CRISPR的基因编辑系统。该系统最初在细菌中发现，它针对特定的DNA序列进行切割。通过改变靶向的DNA序列，该系统有可能成为许多疾病的基因治疗形式，去年美国和英国批准了第一种治疗镰状细胞贫血的方法)”可知，CRISPR的基本原理是通过改变DNA序列来进行基因编辑，从而有可能成为多种疾病的基因治疗方法。故选D项。 31．词句猜测题。由第四段“But when people are first infected, some of the virus inserts its DNA into their immune cells, where it stays dormant. If they stop taking their HIV medicines, this DNA “reawakens” and the virus starts spreading through their immune systems again. (但是当人们第一次被感染时，一些病毒会将其DNA插入他们的免疫细胞中，并在那里保持dormant。如果他们停止服用艾滋病毒药物，这种DNA会“重新唤醒”，病毒会再次开始通过他们的免疫系统传播)”可知，停止服用艾滋病毒药物，进入人体免疫细胞的DNA会“重新唤醒”，说明之前这些DNA休眠了，dormant在此处的意思是“暂停生物活动”。故选A项。 32．细节理解题。由第七段中“Now, Carrillo and her team have shown that, when tested on immune cells in a dish, their CRISPR system could disable all viruses, removing them from these cells. (现在，Carrillo和她的团队已经证明，当在培养皿中的免疫细胞上进行测试时，他们的CRISPR系统可以禁用所有病毒，将它们从这些细胞中清除)”可知，他们的研究是在体外进行的。故选B项。 33．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“Jonathan Stoye at the Francis Crick Institute in London says that although the results are encouraging, the next step is trials in animals and eventually people to show the treatment can reach all the immune cells with dormant HIV. (伦敦弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的乔纳森·斯托耶说，尽管结果令人鼓舞，但下一步是在动物身上进行试验，并最终在人体内进行试验，以证明这种治疗可以到达所有休眠的艾滋病毒免疫细胞)”和最后一段“A Californian firm called Excision BioTherapeutics has previously shown that a CRISPR- based approach can reduce the amount of dormant virus in monkeys infected with a similar virus to HIV. (一家名为Excision BioTherapeutics的加利福尼亚公司此前已经证明，基于CRISPR的方法可以减少感染与HIV类似病毒的猴子体内休眠病毒的数量)”可知，这种策略有其好处，仍被视为一种前景。故选D项。 拓展延伸 1．假如你是李华，上周末参观了一场机器人展，你的朋友Bob对此很感兴趣，写信向你询问机器人展上的一些细节。请你给他写一封回信，和他介绍一下你最感兴趣的机器人。内容包括： 1. 该机器人的特点； 2. 你对该机器人的看法。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Bob, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Bob, Knowing from your letter that you are interested in robots, I am writing to share my wonderful experience with you. What attracts me most is a companion robot that is exactly like a human being. It can walk and talk just like a person does. The companion robot is supposed to be a friend for people who live alone, and it could provide people with a lot of comfort and enrich their lives. In addition, the robot could help monitor the health condition of people. Personally, I do see the companion robot as an answer (a solution) to people’s problems. I wish I could visit the robot exhibition with you next time. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，给对机器人展很感兴趣的朋友Bob写一封回信，和他介绍一下自己最感兴趣的机器人，需描述其机器人的特点，并分享个人看法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 对……感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in, be keen on 吸引：attract→appeal to, fascinate 此外：in addition→moreover, besides 就个人而言：personally→from my point of view, in my opinion 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Personally, I do see the companion robot as an answer (a solution) to people’s problems. 拓展句：Personally, I do consider that the companion robot is an answer (a solution) to people’s problems. 【点睛】[高分句型1] What attracts me most is a companion robot that is exactly like a human being. (运用了what引导主语从句、that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The companion robot is supposed to be a friend for people who live alone, and it could provide people with a lot of comfort and enrich their lives. (运用了who引导引导限制性定语从句) 试卷第4页，共9页 试卷第5页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$