必修一 Unit 3 Section I Listening and Speaking &. Reading and Thinking（导 学案）- 【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修一UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS（学案） Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 单元主题语境是运动与健康，归属于“历史、社会与文化”主题群，主题语境的内容要求为“体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神”。 1. 使用恰当的表达邀请他人观看某项体育比赛，并回应他人的邀请（接受/拒绝）； 2. 介绍自己心中的体育传奇人物，讲述其事迹，总结从其身上学会的做人做事的道理； 3. 了解冬奥会的相关信息，推荐一项可以申请加入奥运会的体育项目，并说明理由； 4. 通过分析体育运动员的行为，引发对体育精神的思考，培养批判性和创新思维能力； 5. 学会运用对比的方法描述自己运动前后的身体及心理变化，对自己的健康状况进行反思，培养批判性思维； 6. 关注健康，树立运动的意识，形成正确的健康观。 01-重点词汇背记 1．  vi. 聊天；闲聊 2．  adj. 卡住；陷(入)；困(于) 3． vt.&vi.   浏览；冲浪 4．  n.      慈善；慈善机构(或组织) 5．  adj.      艰难的；严厉的 6．  n.     功能；作用；机能     vi.     起作用；正常工作；运转 7． vt.   确认；使确信 8． vt.  按，压；敦促 9．  n.  折扣      vt.   打折 10．  n.  账户；描述 11．  adj.  粗鲁的；无礼 12． t n.    目标；对象；靶子     vt.   把……作为攻击目标 13．  adj.  假的；错误的 14．  adj.   心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的    vt.  使烦恼；使生气；搅乱 15．  n.   作者；作家 16．  n. 忠告；诀窍；实用的提示 17． adj.   熟悉；熟知 18．  n.   盒；箱；情况；案件 02-核心词形拓展 1. honour n. 荣誉; 尊敬; 荣幸vt. 给予表扬→ adj. 光荣的; 可敬的; 高贵的 2. glory n. 荣誉; 光荣; 赞美→ adj. 光荣的; 辉煌的; 极好的 3. champion n. 冠军; 优胜者→ n. 锦标赛; 冠军赛; 冠军称号 4. determine vi. &vt. 决定; 确定→ n. 决心; 决定→ adj. 有决心的 5. injure vt. 使受伤; 损害→ n. 损伤; 伤害→ adj. 受伤的 6. grace n. 优雅; 恩惠; 魅力; 慈悲→ adj. 优美的; 优雅的→ adj. 和蔼的; 慈祥的 7. fail vi. 失败 vt. 不及格; 使失望→v n. 失败; 失败的人(或事物) 8. compete vi. 竞争; 对抗→ n. 竞争者; 对手→ adj. 竞争的; 有竞争力的 9. stress n. 压力; 紧张; 重音vt. 强调; 重读; 使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→ adj. 紧张的; 感到有压力的→ adj. 有压力的 10. athlete n. 运动员; 运动健儿→ adj. 运动的; 运动员的; 体格健壮的 11．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→  n．便利；方便 12．strength n．力量；体力→  vt.加强；巩→  adj.强壮的；坚强的 03-阅读词汇识记 1．fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n.　　 2．soccer /ˈsɒkə(r)/ n. 3．stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. 4．boxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n. 5．badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/ n. 6．marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 7．gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ n. 8．event_/ɪˈvent/ n.　 9．ski__/skiː/ adj. 04-重点词块闪记 1．       跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2．     减肥 3．      由某人决定 4．       锻炼；计算出；解决 5．     获得成功；准时到达 6．       树立榜样 7．       破裂；破碎；崩溃 8．       丧失信心；泄气 9．       放弃；投降 10．    有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 11．      假装做某事 12．      即使；虽然 13．    有作用或影响 14．    而不是 15．  而不是；代替 16．    停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 17．  有时；偶尔 18．   与……比较 05-重点句型(先赏后译) 1．Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. [赏析] 这是一个并列句，由两个表示转折关系的并列分句组成，第一个分句中Losing…为动名词短语作______________。 [翻译]　________________________________________________________。 2．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. [赏析] which引导的是一个______________，修饰指物的先行词 The Boys and Girls Club，which在从句中作谓语动词started的宾语， since 1996作时间状语，常与______________时态连用。此处使用现在完成进行时态 has been helping表示这个动作从1996年一直持续到现在，可能还在进行中。 [翻译]　____________________________________________ ( 1 语篇研读 ) Step 1　Pre-­reading What's the names of the sports stars in the following pictures? Picture 1：Lang Ping; Picture 2：Li Na; Picture 3：Kobe； Picture 4：Michael Jordan Step 2　While-­reading Task 1: Fast reading 1． Skim the text for the main idea. (　　)What's the main idea of the text? A．It's about living legends, Lang Ping and Michael Jordan. B．It's about volleyball games. C．It's about basketball games. D．It's about the Boys and Girls Club. (　　)2．Which of the following is TRUE about Lang Ping according to the passage? A．She is the best player of China women's volleyball team now. B．She led the team to champions in the 2015 World Cup in Brazil. C．She once had heart problems in the Olympics. D．She brought honour and glory to our country as a player. (　　)3．What does the word “still” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Right.　　　　 B．Not moving. C．Quiet. D．Surprising. (　　)4．Why is Michael Jordan known as “Air Jordan”according to the passage? A．Because he changed basketball. B．Because he learns from his failures. C．Because of his mental strength in the game. D．Because of his graceful moves and jumps. (　)5．The secret to Jordan's success is ________. A．accepting failures B．practising harder C．learning from failures D．losing games Task 3: Further reading Discussion： What can we learn from Lang Ping and Michael Jordan? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________  Step 3　Post­-reading Task 1: 赏语言 1．排比——表达更靓丽 文章第一段作者用排比句“As a player…As a coach… As a person…”对郎平进行评价，层层推进，增强了文章的表达效果。 2．夸张——表达更形象 第二段第一句中“time seemed to stand still”用了夸张的修 辞手法，可以加强语气，增加表达效果，更形象地表达乔 丹的高超技艺。再如：When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 当她听到这个噩耗，眼泪像决了堤的洪水，滚落下来。 Task 2: 析结构 本文为人物介绍类记叙文，文章有一个主标题 LIVING LEGENDS，和两个副标题 Lang Ping和Michael Jordan。在对两个人物进行描写时都采用了“总—分”结构，先进行评价，然后再分述其主要特点。 Step 4　课文语法填空 Lang Ping and Michael Jordan are “Living Legends of Sports” because they are athletes __1__ are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. She led the China women's volleyball team to medals at both world championships and the Olympics. Lang Ping is loved by fans all over the world. In 2015, __2__ she faced a big challenge, her __3__ (determine) led the Chinese team to become the champion finally. She believed her players could win if they worked together as a team. And in 2016, Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil. Michael Jordan became known __4__ “Air Jordan” and he changed basketball with his __5__ (grace) moves and jumps. It was not his skills but his mental strength that he showed that made him unique. He says that the secret to his __6__ (succeed) is learning from his failures. __7__ (lose) games taught him to practise __8__ (hard) and never give up. In life, Jordan has learnt __9__ (share) his success with others. Since 1996, the Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago __10__ (help) young people. ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 1．Would you like to come along？你愿意一起来吗？(教材P36) come along一起来；跟随；到达；进步；赶快 come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解；给人的印象是 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up 走近；上来； (太阳/月亮)升起；被提到；破土而出，发芽 come up with想出；提出 【活学活用】 (1)It's amazing that your French has come along a lot recently. 真令人惊讶，你的法语最近进步很大。 (2)I had no idea of how the explosion in the room _____________ because I was checking out then. 我不知道房间里的爆炸是怎么发生的，因为当时我正在结账离开。 (3)In the economic summit, some officials __________________ a question what measures should be taken to take control of the housing prices. 在经济峰会上，一些官员提出了一个问题，应该采取什么措 施来控制房价。 (4)To our amazement, his travel journals __________ last month and have got lots of good comments. 让我们惊讶的是，他的游记上个月出版了，得到了很多好评。 2．Zhangjiakou，a beautiful city in northern China，will host the Youth Ski Race in December. 张家口，中国北方一个美丽的城市，将在12月举办中国青少年滑雪比赛。(教材P37) host (1)vt.主办；主持 (2)n.主人；东道主；节目主持人 ①host a show/programme　　主持节目host the Olympic Games 举办奥运会 ②the host city/host nation 主办城市/东道国 host family 寄宿家庭 ③hostess 女主人；女主持人 【名师指津】在英语表达中，常用名词短语作同位语对前面的名词进行解释，这也是学生在写作中必备的技能之一。 Bryant, a very famous basketball player, won five NBA championships. 布莱恩特，一位非常著名的篮球运动员，曾获得5次NBA冠军。 【活学活用】 (1) As __________, I stayed with a lovely host family and went to school with their son, Daniel.作为一名交换生，我住在一个很棒的寄宿家庭，和他们的儿子丹尼尔一起上学。 (2)As ________ of the 19th Asian Games, Hangzhou has made full preparations for all the events． 作为第19届亚运会的主办城市，杭州已经为各项赛事做好了充分的准备。 (3)He dreamed of ____________ (host) a pop music programme. 他梦想着主持一个流行音乐节目。 (4)When choosing a city_________ (host) the Olympic Games, we need to consider many things. 当选择一个城市举办奥运会时，我们需要考虑许多事情。 3．Come and work out at a gym! 来健身房锻炼吧！(教材P37) work out　锻炼；计算出；解决；制订出 work的相关短语： work as　　　　　从事某种职业 work on/upon 从事；忙于；继续工作 work for 为……而工作 【名师指津】work out作“制订出”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以带宾语；作“锻炼”讲时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。 workout 作名词，意为“锻炼、体育训练”。 (1)写出下列各句中work out的含义 ①I work out at a gym twice a week.(　 　) ②I think we should work out a plan to deal with this problem.(　 　) ③She finds it difficult to work out the problem.(　 　) ④Things did not work out as we had expected. (　 　) (2)单句语法填空 ①What's more, the more you work_____，the healthier you will become. ②He knows he cannot work ________________ a good painter. ③The little child was working _________ a branch with a knife to make a gun. 4．Sweat your way to good health! You can make it！流汗是健康之道！你能行！(教材37)  sweat　n. 汗水；一身汗；vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿；vi.出汗；流汗 sweat it out苦熬，焦急地等待到最后 【活学活用】 (1)Volunteers sweated _________ (get) the room ready for the dance. 志愿者们大汗淋漓地为舞会准备房间。 (2)Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost __________________________． 记得运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补因出汗流失的水分。 (3)I had the blood test last Tuesday, and I've been _________________ ever since, waiting for the results. 我上周二验血了，从那以后一直在焦急地等待结果。 5.make it获得成功；准时到达 get it明白as sb. puts it像某人所说的那样 (1)I ________ to the top of the mountain in the end. 我最终爬到了山顶。 (2)As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you will__________． 只要你有梦想，不断努力就一定能成功。 (3)As someone_____________________， where there is a will, there is a way. 像某人所说的那样，有志者，事竟成。 5．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. 他们一定是精通自己的运动，并为他人树立好榜样的运动员。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 6.master (1) n.主人；大学学位 a master's degree　　　　硕士学位 a master at… 在……(方面)是高手 (2)vt.(to learn or understand sth. completely)精通；掌握 【活学活用】 (1)It is clear that this painting is the work of ______________ master． 这幅画显然出自名家之手。 (2)I find it very hard____________ (master)a foreign language. 我感觉掌握一门外语很难。 (3)He had ______________________ in business science. 他获得了商业学硕士学位。 7.set an example树立榜样 【知识点拨】 set an example for sb.(to learn from)给某人树立榜样 follow one's example效仿某人 take…for example以……为例 【活学活用】 (1)Dr. Zhong Nanshan，who never loses heart in the face of danger, has _______________ us. 面对危险钟南山院士从不灰心丧气，他给我们树立了一个极 好的榜样。 (2)I suggest you ___________________ and start doing regular exercise. 我建议你学学罗西，经常锻炼下身体。 (3)Great changes have taken place in our city. __________________________， many new roads have been built. 我们的城市发生了很大的变化。以交通为例，许多新道路已经被修建。 9．As a player，Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了名誉和荣耀。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 Honour (1) n.(great respect and admiration for sb.)尊敬；荣誉；荣幸 in honour of sb.＝in sb.'s honour为了纪念某人 have the honour of doing sth.　有幸做某事 It's an honour to do sth.很荣幸做某事。 (2) vt. (feel very proud and pleased)荣幸；表彰；给……荣誉 be/feel honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸 honour sb. with sth. (for sth.)某人因某事被给予……荣誉 【活学活用】 (1)It's not only great responsibility but also _______________ great honour to hold the Olympic Games. 举办奥运会不仅承担巨大的责任，同时也享有极大的荣誉。 (2)As your friend, I feel ___________ (honour)to be invited to your birthday party. 作为你的朋友，我很荣幸能被邀请参加你的生日聚会。 (3)完成句子 1. 宴会是为欢迎公司的新董事长而举行的。 The dinner was given______________________ the new president of the company. 2. 汤姆是我们学校第一个获此殊荣的学生。 Tom is the first student in our school________________________________． 10．When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination was tested.当中国队准备2015年世 界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 determination　n．决心；决定 (1)with determination有决心 (2)determine vt.决定；确定；下决心 determine to do sth.决定做某事 determine on/upon sth./doing…决定(做)…… (3)determined adj.有决心的 be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表示状态) 【活学活用】 (1)All the doctors fought the virus with courage and__________ (determine)． 所有的医生勇敢顽强地与病毒作斗争。 (2)After the fire we _____________ (determine) to pick up the pieces and get the business back on its feet. 大火过后，我们决心收拾残局，让公司重新振作起来。 (3)I have determined on ________(work) as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation． 我已决定毕业后到农村支教。 (4)whatever difficulties he meets in his studies, he will make greatest efforts to deal with them with an extremely____________look. I cling to a firm belief that Jack's __________ and hard work will surely pay off. (determine) 10．The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. 郎平创建的队伍几近崩溃。(教材P38)  fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 【图形助记】 【知识点拨】 take sth. apart 将……拆开，拆分 tell sb. apart from sb.分辨出某人和某人 set sb. apart使某人与众不同 apart from除……之外(都)；除……之外(尚有) 【活学活用】 (1)The rope bridge breaks in the middle and both halves ___________. 索桥从中间断了，两头塌了下去。 (2)He took a computer ______________ yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again, which made it fall apart. 昨天他把一台电脑拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再组装起来，导致电脑散了架。 (3)I can still only ______________ from Dave by the colour of their shoes! 我仍然只能根据鞋子的颜色来区分马克和戴夫！ (4)The room was empty ________________ one man seated beside the fire. 除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。 (5)语境填空 A father ①________ (拆开)his son's Lego toy car out of curiosity but found it anything but easy to put the pieces together. He sweated his way to assembling the model car but still couldn't make it② ___ __ (除了)four wheels. Seeing that the car was beyond recognition, the son ③ _______(崩溃) and burst into tears. 11．One of the best players had been injured，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.最好的球员之一受伤了，队长因为心脏问题不得不离开。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 injure　vt.使受伤；损害 (1)injure one's pride伤害某人的自尊 (2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的 the injured伤员 (3)injury n．伤，伤口；伤害 do an injury to sb.伤害某人 【典例】Believe it or not, what you said just now injured his pride seriously, which made him fall apart． 信不信由你，你刚才说的话严重伤害了他的自尊心，他都崩溃了。 He retired from the army because of being wounded in a fight.Soon after, he met with an accident, where luckily he was not injured but was hurt to some degree. 他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次事故，幸运的是他的身体没有受伤，但他的心灵在一定程度上受到了伤害。 【活学活用】 (1)To prevent soft tissue _______________ (injure), make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.为防止软组织受伤，请确保锻炼时穿着合适的衣服和装备。 (2)He was ________ (injure)when he was cycling along the valley. 他沿着山谷骑车时受伤了。 (3)After the accident, the injured_______ (be) taken to the nearest hospital in no time. 事故发生后，受伤的人立刻被送进了最近的医院。 【名师指津】 【语境助记】 He retired from the army because of being wounded in a fight.Soon after, he met with an accident, where luckily he was not injured but was hurt to some degree.他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次事故，幸运的是他的身体没有受伤，但他的心灵在一定程度上受到了伤害。 【活学活用】 (1)Warm­up exercise is a must before doing sports because it is viewed as a good way to protect you from _______________．做运动前热身运动是必须的，因为它被认为是保护你不受伤的 好方法。 (2)It was not what you had done but what you had said that ________ her feelings so much. 让她伤心的不是你做了什么，而是你说了什么。 (3)It was an extremely cruel war as one third lost their lives and half of the rest got badly _____________． 这是一场极其残酷的战争，三分之一的人失去了生命，剩下的一半人受了重伤。 (4)It's not suitable to read books in the sun because it may ______________ your eyesight. 不要在阳光下看书，因为这会损害你的视力。 12．Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart.失去两名重要球员是一个很大的挑 战，但郎平没有失去信心。(教材P38)  lose heart丧失信心；泄气 【知识点拨】 该短语没有进行时，也不能用于被动语态。此外，heart前不加冠词，heart也不能用复数形式。 lose one's heart to…爱上…… put one's heart into…专心于…… heart and soul全心全意地；完全地 learn…by heart记忆，背诵 【活学活用】 (1)When he was a child, he_________________ poems. 他是个孩子时就喜欢上了诗歌。 (2)You can never_____________ no matter what difficulties you may come across. 无论遇到什么困难你都不能丧失信心。 (3)You can do anything well if you _____________ it. 如果你全身心投入，你什么都能做好。 13．I can accept failure；everyone fails at something.But I can't accept not trying.我能接受失败；每个人都有失败的时候。 但我不能接受不去尝试。(教材P38)  failure n．[C，U] (a lack of success in doing something)失败；[C] (someone or something that is not successful)失败的人(或事物) (1)end in failure以失败而告终 (2)heart failure心脏衰竭 crop failure 庄稼歉收 power failure 断电 (3)fail vi.失败 fail to do sth.没有/不能做成某事 【名师指津】 failure作“失败”讲时，是不可数名词，表示抽象意义；作“失败者，失败的事”讲时，是可数名词，表示具体意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的具体化”。 【语境助记】 While he failed in the match again, he didn't lose heart. He wanted to show others that he was not a failure with his great determination and the spirit of never giving up． 虽然他在比赛中又失败了，但他没有灰心。他想用他的决心和永不放弃的精神向别人表明他不是一个失败者。 【活学活用】 (1)Successful people often aren't very good at dealing with ______________（ fail）． (2)A quick review of __________________ at the end of the year will help shape your year ahead. 年终时快速回顾一年的成功和失败将有助于你决定来年的发展。 (3)Another _________ could result in widespread famine. 再一次歉收可能会导致大范围的饥荒。 (4) When worldwide scientists failed _________________(find)a cure using modern chemicals, Tu Youyou turned to Chinese herbs for help. 当世界各地的科学家未能找到使用现代化学物质的治疗方法 时，屠呦呦转向中草药寻求帮助。 14.．Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.比赛失利教会了他更加努力训练和永不放弃。(教材P38)  give up放弃；投降 give in屈服；投降；交上 give in to sb.向某人投降/屈服/让步 give out分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽 give off放出；发出(光、热、气味等) give away泄露；赠送 【活学活用】 (1)You may find achieving goals difficult. But you should not _____________. Instead, stay positive and confident. 你可能会发现实现目标很困难。但你不应该放弃。相反，保持积极和自信。 (2)He never gave up _____________ (learn)English though it was hard. 尽管英语难学，但他从未放弃学英语。 (2) A determined person never gives ______ to difficulties even if they are too tough to overcome. 一个有决心的人永远不会向困难屈服，即使困难很难克服。 (4)The couple gave _______ most of their fortune to the poor in their small town. 这对夫妻把他们的大部分财产都捐赠给了他们生活的那个小镇上的穷人。 (5)The volunteers are working at a soup kitchen tomorrow and giving ________________ food to homeless people in the community.志愿者们明天将在施粥所工作，给社区里无家可归的人分发食物。 ( 3 重点句型 ) 1．When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still.当乔丹的双脚离开地面时，时间似乎静止了。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 句型公式：“Sb./Sth. seems/seemed ＋不定式”是一个固定句型，表示“……看来……；……好像……”，该句型可转化为It seems/seemed that…。 He seems to be fit for the present job. ＝It seems that he is fit for the present job. 看起来他适合目前的工作。 【拓展】常用的含seem的相关句型还有： It seems＋adj./n.＋to do sth.　做某事好像…… It seems as if/as though… 看起来好像…… There seems (to be)… 看起来像…… 【活学活用】 (1) Does every dinner with your parents seem ________ (turn) into a battle? 每次和父母共进晚餐都会变成一场战斗吗？ (2)_____________________________ memorize so many new words by heart in a short time. 似乎很难在短时间内把这么多生词背下来。 (3)__________________________ our team is going to win. 看起来好像我们队要赢了。 (4)__ _______________________ very hopeful that business will get better. 看起来很有希望生意会好转的。 2．Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 句型公式：“The＋名词＋is that…”表示“……的……是……”。 The secret to sth.is………的秘诀是…… The key to sth.is… ……的关键是…… The truth is… 事实是…… The fact is… 事实是…… 【活学活用】 (1)_______________________ is dealing with disappointment and failure in a positive attitude. 他成功的秘诀在于用积极的态度对待失望和失败。 (2)________________________is having a positive attitude towards life. 幸福的关键是对生活有积极的态度。 (3)____________________________you have made a wrong decision. 事实是你做了一个错误的决定。 3．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年以来一直在帮助年轻人。 (教材P38) 【知识点拨】 has been helping是现在完成进行时，这一时态表示从过去开始并一直延续的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。 since后跟表示时间的短语或从句时，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，主句时态通常为现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态。 【活学活用】 (1)Since he graduated from college, he___________________ the globe. 自从大学毕业以来，他一直在环游世界。 (2)For generations, scientists _____________ the universe. 几代人以来，科学家们一直在探索宇宙。 (3)The archaeologists _______________________ the emperor tomb for months. 考古学家们几个月来一直在发掘皇帝的陵墓。 (4)He _____________________ his passport since he determined to go abroad for further study. 自从他决定出国深造以来，他一直在申请护照。 一、单词拼写 1.He is in the library gathering ________ (材料) for what he is writing. 2.As professional ______ (运动员), they had to train for many years and overcome fear and hardships to reach the games. 3.The ________(观众) was carried away by his inspiring speech. 4.Unlike Muhammad Ali, Jordan ________(竞争) in the 1992 Olympics and won his second Olympic gold medal. 5.Admitting you've made a mistake is a sign of _____________（实力）, not weakness. 6.When Tina found a spelling e （错误）in her article, she corrected it immediately. 7.Although some people ______ (假装) to be young, their grey hair and loose skin give them away. 8.With a silent, ________ (优雅的) dive, she disappeared beneath the surface of the lake. 9.I feel            (honour) to make a speech tonight to celebrate Mother's Day in honor of our mothers. 10.Compared with the performance of the rest of the world, China has safeguarded the lives of the people thanks to the government's __________ (能力) and efficiency. 11.Constant increasing price of the houses make young people under ____________（压力）. 12.You're not allowed to look at the answers because that's ______ (作弊). 13.She was the ______ (队长) of our school basketball team. 14.He is a man of ______________（决心，毅力）. Once he has made up his mind, nothing and nobody can change him. 15.______ (失败) is the mother of success. 16.Asked the reason why she hadn't had breakfast, she admitted that she was going on a ______ (节食) 17.An AI system has beaten a human ______ (冠军) at the strategy board game Go. 18.We lost the c________ in the World Cup. 19.The failure to seize that moment was one of the company's           (错误). 20.Careful _____________(准备) are being made for the coming sports meeting, which both teachers and students are looking forward to. 二、词性转换 1.There are many_______________(glory) moments in China's long history. 2.After running 5 miles,I became out of breath and the__________ (injure) ankle hurt badly. 3.We should do something together at weekends so as to__________(strengthen) our relationship. 4.As we all know, thinking __________(positive) is an effective way to deal with stress. 5.Stretching exercise can help you avoid_____________(injure) and improve your game. 6.Finally, I stopped ________ (compare) myself with actresses and models. 7.I am________ (honour) to have been mentioned in his speech. 8.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________ (strong) and weaknesses. 9.He is such a _____ (determine) person that he will never give in to any difficulties. 10._________(fail) to observe(遵守) all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park. 11.Everybody gets__________(stress) now and then. Different people feel stress in different ways. 12.In the long jump,every______________(compete) tried to jump as far forward as possible. 13.Many programs are offered here, so everyone can find something that suits their level of ___________(fit). 14.Tony promised to help Jane to make her more beautiful and her house more_________ (grace). 15.His___________________(determine) to overcome difficulties always makes me inspired whenever I am in trouble. 三、完成句子 1． 张家口，一个美丽的中国北方城市，将在12月举办青年滑雪比赛。(名词短语作同位语) Zhangjiakou, ,_will host the Youth Ski Race in December. 2.乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。(The secret to sth. is that...成功的秘诀是……） Jordan says that 3.由你决定我们去哪里旅游。 where we will go travelling. 4. 众所周知，锻炼对我们的健康有很大的作用。（make a difference） , exercise our health. 5.为了保持健康，我决定改掉这些坏习惯。（determine to do, get rid of ）  In order to keep healthy, . 6.我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是全神贯注于教学，并且不遗余力地帮助我们。(who引导的定语从句) The person I respect most is my headteacher 7.在过去的三年里我一直读英文报Youth。(现在完成进行时) in the past three years. 8.一旦我明白了我所肩负的责任，我就毫不犹疑地交出了我挣的所有的钱。(once引导的时间状语从句) ，I handed in all the money I had earned without hesitation. 9.．没有向老师们求助，他决定自己解决这个问题。(instead of doing) he is determined to work out the problem by himself. 10.通过欣赏我们学校正在举行的展览，你会更好地理解中国传统绘画。(by doing作状语) ，you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese paintings. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修一UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS（学案） Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 单元主题语境是运动与健康，归属于“历史、社会与文化”主题群，主题语境的内容要求为“体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神”。 1. 使用恰当的表达邀请他人观看某项体育比赛，并回应他人的邀请（接受/拒绝）； 2. 介绍自己心中的体育传奇人物，讲述其事迹，总结从其身上学会的做人做事的道理； 3. 了解冬奥会的相关信息，推荐一项可以申请加入奥运会的体育项目，并说明理由； 4. 通过分析体育运动员的行为，引发对体育精神的思考，培养批判性和创新思维能力； 5. 学会运用对比的方法描述自己运动前后的身体及心理变化，对自己的健康状况进行反思，培养批判性思维； 6. 关注健康，树立运动的意识，形成正确的健康观。 01-重点词汇背记 1．  vi. 聊天；闲聊 2．  adj. 卡住；陷(入)；困(于) 3． vt.&vi.   浏览；冲浪 4．  n.      慈善；慈善机构(或组织) 5．  adj.      艰难的；严厉的 6．  n.     功能；作用；机能     vi.     起作用；正常工作；运转 7． vt.   确认；使确信 8． vt.  按，压；敦促 9．  n.  折扣      vt.   打折 10．  n.  账户；描述 11．  adj.  粗鲁的；无礼 12． t n.    目标；对象；靶子     vt.   把……作为攻击目标 13．  adj.  假的；错误的 14．  adj.   心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的    vt.  使烦恼；使生气；搅乱 15．  n.   作者；作家 16．  n. 忠告；诀窍；实用的提示 17． adj.   熟悉；熟知 18．  n.   盒；箱；情况；案件 1．chat vi. 聊天；闲聊 2．stuck adj. 卡住；陷(入)；困(于) 3．surf vt.&vi.   浏览；冲浪 4．charity n.      慈善；慈善机构(或组织) 5．tough adj.      艰难的；严厉的 6．function n.     功能；作用；机能     vi.     起作用；正常工作；运转 7．confirm vt.   确认；使确信 8．press vt.  按，压；敦促 9．discount n.  折扣      vt.   打折 10．account n.  账户；描述 11．rude adj.  粗鲁的；无礼 12．target n.    目标；对象；靶子     vt.   把……作为攻击目标 13．false adj.  假的；错误的 14．upset adj.   心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的    vt.  使烦恼；使生气；搅乱 15．author n.   作者；作家 16．tip n. 忠告；诀窍；实用的提示 17．familiar adj.   熟悉；熟知 18．case n.   盒；箱；情况；案件 02-核心词形拓展 1. honour n. 荣誉; 尊敬; 荣幸vt. 给予表扬→ adj. 光荣的; 可敬的; 高贵的 2. glory n. 荣誉; 光荣; 赞美→ adj. 光荣的; 辉煌的; 极好的 3. champion n. 冠军; 优胜者→ n. 锦标赛; 冠军赛; 冠军称号 4. determine vi. &vt. 决定; 确定→ n. 决心; 决定→ adj. 有决心的 5. injure vt. 使受伤; 损害→ n. 损伤; 伤害→ adj. 受伤的 6. grace n. 优雅; 恩惠; 魅力; 慈悲→ adj. 优美的; 优雅的→ adj. 和蔼的; 慈祥的 7. fail vi. 失败 vt. 不及格; 使失望→v n. 失败; 失败的人(或事物) 8. compete vi. 竞争; 对抗→ n. 竞争者; 对手→ adj. 竞争的; 有竞争力的 9. stress n. 压力; 紧张; 重音vt. 强调; 重读; 使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→ adj. 紧张的; 感到有压力的→ adj. 有压力的 10. athlete n. 运动员; 运动健儿→ adj. 运动的; 运动员的; 体格健壮的 11．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→  n．便利；方便 12．strength n．力量；体力→  vt.加强；巩→  adj.强壮的；坚强的 1. honour n. 荣誉; 尊敬; 荣幸vt. 给予表扬→honourable adj. 光荣的; 可敬的; 高贵的 2. glory n. 荣誉; 光荣; 赞美→glorious adj. 光荣的; 辉煌的; 极好的 3. champion n. 冠军; 优胜者→championship n. 锦标赛; 冠军赛; 冠军称号 4. determine vi. &vt. 决定; 确定→determination n. 决心; 决定→determined adj. 有决心的 5. injure vt. 使受伤; 损害→injury n. 损伤; 伤害→injured adj. 受伤的 6. grace n. 优雅; 恩惠; 魅力; 慈悲→graceful adj. 优美的; 优雅的→gracious adj. 和蔼的; 慈祥的 7. fail vi. 失败 vt. 不及格; 使失望→failure n. 失败; 失败的人(或事物) 8. compete vi. 竞争; 对抗→competitor n. 竞争者; 对手→competitive adj. 竞争的; 有竞争力的 9. stress n. 压力; 紧张; 重音vt. 强调; 重读; 使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→stressed adj. 紧张的; 感到有压力的→stressful adj. 有压力的 10. athlete n. 运动员; 运动健儿→athletic adj. 运动的; 运动员的; 体格健壮的 11．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→convenience n．便利；方便 12．strength n．力量；体力→ strengthen vt.加强；巩固→ strong adj.强壮的；坚强的 03-阅读词汇识记 1．fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n.　　 2．soccer /ˈsɒkə(r)/ n. 3．stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. 4．boxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n. 5．badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/ n. 6．marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 7．gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ n. 8．event_/ɪˈvent/ n.　 9．ski__/skiː/ adj. 1．fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n.　　 健康； 健壮；适合_ 2．soccer /ˈsɒkə(r)/ n. 足球；足球运动 3．stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. 体育场； 运动场 4．boxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n. _拳击(运动) 5．badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/ n. 羽毛球运动 6．marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 马拉松赛跑 7．gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ n. 体操(训练) 8．event_/ɪˈvent/ n.　比赛项目；大事；公开活动 9．ski__/skiː/ adj. 滑雪的vi. 滑雪 04-重点词块闪记 1．       跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2．     减肥 3．      由某人决定 4．       锻炼；计算出；解决 5．     获得成功；准时到达 6．       树立榜样 7．       破裂；破碎；崩溃 8．       丧失信心；泄气 9．       放弃；投降 10．    有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 11．      假装做某事 12．      即使；虽然 13．    有作用或影响 14．    而不是 15．  而不是；代替 16．    停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 17．  有时；偶尔 18．   与……比较 1．come_along　　　　　                     跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2．lose_weight                                        减肥 3．up_to_sb.                                          由某人决定 4．work_out                                           锻炼；计算出；解决 5．make_it                                             获得成功；准时到达 6．set_an_example                                 树立榜样 7．fall_apart                                          破裂；破碎；崩溃 8．lose_heart                                         丧失信心；泄气 9．give_up                                             放弃；投降 10．make_sense                                      有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 11．pretend_to_do_sth.                         假装做某事 12．even_if/though                                 即使；虽然 13．make_a_difference                           有作用或影响 14．rather_than                                     而不是 15．instead_of                                        而不是；代替 16．cut_...out                                         停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 17．now_and_then                                 有时；偶尔 18．compare_..._with/to_...  　　　         与……比较 05-重点句型(先赏后译) 1．Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. [赏析] 这是一个并列句，由两个表示转折关系的并列分句组成，第一个分句中Losing…为动名词短语作主语。 [翻译]　__失去两名重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但是郎平没有失去信心。 2．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. [赏析] which引导的是一个限制性定语从句，修饰指物的先行词 The Boys and Girls Club，which在从句中作谓语动词started的宾语， since 1996作时间状语，常与现在完成时态连用。此处使用现在完成进行时态 has been helping表示这个动作从1996年一直持续到现在，可能还在进行中。 [翻译]　__他在芝加哥创办的“男孩女孩俱乐部”自1996年以来一直在帮助年轻人_____________________________ ( 1 语篇研读 ) Step 1　Pre-­reading What's the names of the sports stars in the following pictures? Picture 1：Lang Ping; Picture 2：Li Na; Picture 3：Kobe； Picture 4：Michael Jordan Step 2　While-­reading Task 1: Fast reading 1． Skim the text for the main idea. (　A　)What's the main idea of the text? A．It's about living legends, Lang Ping and Michael Jordan. B．It's about volleyball games. C．It's about basketball games. D．It's about the Boys and Girls Club. (　D　)2．Which of the following is TRUE about Lang Ping according to the passage? A．She is the best player of China women's volleyball team now. B．She led the team to champions in the 2015 World Cup in Brazil. C．She once had heart problems in the Olympics. D．She brought honour and glory to our country as a player. (　B　)3．What does the word “still” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Right.　　　　 B．Not moving. C．Quiet. D．Surprising. (　D　)4．Why is Michael Jordan known as “Air Jordan”according to the passage? A．Because he changed basketball. B．Because he learns from his failures. C．Because of his mental strength in the game. D．Because of his graceful moves and jumps. (　C　)5．The secret to Jordan's success is ________. A．accepting failures B．practising harder C．learning from failures D．losing games Task 3: Further reading Discussion： What can we learn from Lang Ping and Michael Jordan? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ When facing difficulties, we should never lose heart or give up. We should learn from our failures.  Step 3　Post­-reading Task 1: 赏语言 1．排比——表达更靓丽 文章第一段作者用排比句“As a player…As a coach… As a person…”对郎平进行评价，层层推进，增强了文章的表达效果。 2．夸张——表达更形象 第二段第一句中“time seemed to stand still”用了夸张的修 辞手法，可以加强语气，增加表达效果，更形象地表达乔 丹的高超技艺。再如：When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 当她听到这个噩耗，眼泪像决了堤的洪水，滚落下来。 Task 2: 析结构 本文为人物介绍类记叙文，文章有一个主标题 LIVING LEGENDS，和两个副标题 Lang Ping和Michael Jordan。在对两个人物进行描写时都采用了“总—分”结构，先进行评价，然后再分述其主要特点。 Step 4　课文语法填空 Lang Ping and Michael Jordan are “Living Legends of Sports” because they are athletes __1__ are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. She led the China women's volleyball team to medals at both world championships and the Olympics. Lang Ping is loved by fans all over the world. In 2015, __2__ she faced a big challenge, her __3__ (determine) led the Chinese team to become the champion finally. She believed her players could win if they worked together as a team. And in 2016, Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil. Michael Jordan became known __4__ “Air Jordan” and he changed basketball with his __5__ (grace) moves and jumps. It was not his skills but his mental strength that he showed that made him unique. He says that the secret to his __6__ (succeed) is learning from his failures. __7__ (lose) games taught him to practise __8__ (hard) and never give up. In life, Jordan has learnt __9__ (share) his success with others. Since 1996, the Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago __10__ (help) young people. Key:1．who/that　2.though/although/while　3.determination4．as　5.graceful　 6.success　7.Losing　8.harder  9．to share　10.has been helping ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 1．Would you like to come along？你愿意一起来吗？(教材P36) come along一起来；跟随；到达；进步；赶快 come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解；给人的印象是 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up 走近；上来； (太阳/月亮)升起；被提到；破土而出，发芽 come up with想出；提出 【活学活用】 (1)It's amazing that your French has come along a lot recently. 真令人惊讶，你的法语最近进步很大。 (2)I had no idea of how the explosion in the room ______came about_______ because I was checking out then. 我不知道房间里的爆炸是怎么发生的，因为当时我正在结账离开。 (3)In the economic summit, some officials _______________came up with_______ a question what measures should be taken to take control of the housing prices. 在经济峰会上，一些官员提出了一个问题，应该采取什么措 施来控制房价。 (4)To our amazement, his travel journals _____came out_______ last month and have got lots of good comments. 让我们惊讶的是，他的游记上个月出版了，得到了很多好评。 2．Zhangjiakou，a beautiful city in northern China，will host the Youth Ski Race in December. 张家口，中国北方一个美丽的城市，将在12月举办中国青少年滑雪比赛。(教材P37) host (1)vt.主办；主持 (2)n.主人；东道主；节目主持人 ①host a show/programme　　主持节目host the Olympic Games 举办奥运会 ②the host city/host nation 主办城市/东道国 host family 寄宿家庭 ③hostess 女主人；女主持人 【名师指津】在英语表达中，常用名词短语作同位语对前面的名词进行解释，这也是学生在写作中必备的技能之一。 Bryant, a very famous basketball player, won five NBA championships. 布莱恩特，一位非常著名的篮球运动员，曾获得5次NBA冠军。 【活学活用】 (1) As __an exchange student________, I stayed with a lovely host family and went to school with their son, Daniel.作为一名交换生，我住在一个很棒的寄宿家庭，和他们的儿子丹尼尔一起上学。 (2)As _____the host city____ of the 19th Asian Games, Hangzhou has made full preparations for all the events． 作为第19届亚运会的主办城市，杭州已经为各项赛事做好了充分的准备。 (3)He dreamed of ____hosting________ (host) a pop music programme. 他梦想着主持一个流行音乐节目。 (4)When choosing a city____to host________ (host) the Olympic Games, we need to consider many things. 当选择一个城市举办奥运会时，我们需要考虑许多事情。 3．Come and work out at a gym! 来健身房锻炼吧！(教材P37) work out　锻炼；计算出；解决；制订出 work的相关短语： work as　　　　　从事某种职业 work on/upon 从事；忙于；继续工作 work for 为……而工作 【名师指津】work out作“制订出”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以带宾语；作“锻炼”讲时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。 workout 作名词，意为“锻炼、体育训练”。 (1)写出下列各句中work out的含义 ①I work out at a gym twice a week.(　 锻炼 　) ②I think we should work out a plan to deal with this problem.(　 制订 　) ③She finds it difficult to work out the problem.(　解决 　) ④Things did not work out as we had expected. (　 成功地发展 　) (2)单句语法填空 ①What's more, the more you work__out____，the healthier you will become. ②He knows he cannot work __as__ a good painter. ③The little child was working ___on/upon_______ a branch with a knife to make a gun. 4．Sweat your way to good health! You can make it！流汗是健康之道！你能行！(教材37)  sweat　n. 汗水；一身汗；vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿；vi.出汗；流汗 sweat it out苦熬，焦急地等待到最后 【活学活用】 (1)Volunteers sweated ______to get____ (get) the room ready for the dance. 志愿者们大汗淋漓地为舞会准备房间。 (2)Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost _______to sweat_____． 记得运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补因出汗流失的水分。 (3)I had the blood test last Tuesday, and I've been _________sweating it out_________ ever since, waiting for the results. 我上周二验血了，从那以后一直在焦急地等待结果。 5.make it获得成功；准时到达 get it明白as sb. puts it像某人所说的那样 (1)I _____made it___ to the top of the mountain in the end. 我最终爬到了山顶。 (2)As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you will___make it________． 只要你有梦想，不断努力就一定能成功。 (3)As someone____puts it____， where there is a will, there is a way. 像某人所说的那样，有志者，事竟成。 5．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. 他们一定是精通自己的运动，并为他人树立好榜样的运动员。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 6.master (1) n.主人；大学学位 a master's degree　　　　硕士学位 a master at… 在……(方面)是高手 (2)vt.(to learn or understand sth. completely)精通；掌握 【活学活用】 (1)It is clear that this painting is the work of a master． 这幅画显然出自名家之手。 (2)I find it very hard_____to master_______ (master)a foreign language. 我感觉掌握一门外语很难。 (3)He had _____a master's degree_________________ in business science. 他获得了商业学硕士学位。 7.set an example树立榜样 【知识点拨】 set an example for sb.(to learn from)给某人树立榜样 follow one's example效仿某人 take…for example以……为例 【活学活用】 (1)Dr. Zhong Nanshan，who never loses heart in the face of danger, has ____set an excellent example for____ us. 面对危险钟南山院士从不灰心丧气，他给我们树立了一个极 好的榜样。 (2)I suggest you _(should)follow__ Rosie's example___ and start doing regular exercise. 我建议你学学罗西，经常锻炼下身体。 (3)Great changes have taken place in our city. _Take the traffic for example_， many new roads have been built. 我们的城市发生了很大的变化。以交通为例，许多新道路已经被修建。 9．As a player，Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了名誉和荣耀。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 Honour (1) n.(great respect and admiration for sb.)尊敬；荣誉；荣幸 in honour of sb.＝in sb.'s honour为了纪念某人 have the honour of doing sth.　有幸做某事 It's an honour to do sth.很荣幸做某事。 (2) vt. (feel very proud and pleased)荣幸；表彰；给……荣誉 be/feel honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸 honour sb. with sth. (for sth.)某人因某事被给予……荣誉 【活学活用】 (1)It's not only great responsibility but also __a_______ great honour to hold the Olympic Games. 举办奥运会不仅承担巨大的责任，同时也享有极大的荣誉。 (2)As your friend, I feel _____honoured_______ (honour)to be invited to your birthday party. 作为你的朋友，我很荣幸能被邀请参加你的生日聚会。 (3)完成句子 1. 宴会是为欢迎公司的新董事长而举行的。 The dinner was given_______in__ honour of_______ the new president of the company. 2. 汤姆是我们学校第一个获此殊荣的学生。 Tom is the first student in our school to win such a special honour． 10．When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination was tested.当中国队准备2015年世 界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 determination　n．决心；决定 (1)with determination有决心 (2)determine vt.决定；确定；下决心 determine to do sth.决定做某事 determine on/upon sth./doing…决定(做)…… (3)determined adj.有决心的 be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表示状态) 【活学活用】 (1)All the doctors fought the virus with courage and determination__________ (determine)． 所有的医生勇敢顽强地与病毒作斗争。 (2)After the fire we __were determined/determined___ (determine) to pick up the pieces and get the business back on its feet. 大火过后，我们决心收拾残局，让公司重新振作起来。 (3)I have determined on __working_______(work) as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation． 我已决定毕业后到农村支教。 (4)whatever difficulties he meets in his studies, he will make greatest efforts to deal with them with an extremely_____determined________look. I cling to a firm belief that Jack's ________determination__ and hard work will surely pay off. (determine) 10．The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. 郎平创建的队伍几近崩溃。(教材P38)  fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 【图形助记】 【知识点拨】 take sth. apart 将……拆开，拆分 tell sb. apart from sb.分辨出某人和某人 set sb. apart使某人与众不同 apart from除……之外(都)；除……之外(尚有) 【活学活用】 (1)The rope bridge breaks in the middle and both halves _____fall apart_______. 索桥从中间断了，两头塌了下去。 (2)He took a computer ___apart____ yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again, which made it fall apart. 昨天他把一台电脑拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再组装起来，导致电脑散了架。 (3)I can still only ___tell___ Mark ___apart______ from Dave by the colour of their shoes! 我仍然只能根据鞋子的颜色来区分马克和戴夫！ (4)The room was empty __apart from________ one man seated beside the fire. 除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。 (5)语境填空 A father ①__took apart______ (拆开)his son's Lego toy car out of curiosity but found it anything but easy to put the pieces together. He sweated his way to assembling the model car but still couldn't make it② ___apart from__ (除了)four wheels. Seeing that the car was beyond recognition, the son ③ ______fell apart__(崩溃) and burst into tears. 11．One of the best players had been injured，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.最好的球员之一受伤了，队长因为心脏问题不得不离开。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 injure　vt.使受伤；损害 (1)injure one's pride伤害某人的自尊 (2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的 the injured伤员 (3)injury n．伤，伤口；伤害 do an injury to sb.伤害某人 【典例】 Believe it or not, what you said just now injured his pride seriously, which made him fall apart． 信不信由你，你刚才说的话严重伤害了他的自尊心，他都崩溃了。 He retired from the army because of being wounded in a fight.Soon after, he met with an accident, where luckily he was not injured but was hurt to some degree. 他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次事故，幸运的是他的身体没有受伤，但他的心灵在一定程度上受到了伤害。 【活学活用】 (1)To prevent soft tissue ___injury______ (injure), make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.为防止软组织受伤，请确保锻炼时穿着合适的衣服和装备。 (2)He was ____injured____ (injure)when he was cycling along the valley. 他沿着山谷骑车时受伤了。 (3)After the accident, the injured____ were______ (be) taken to the nearest hospital in no time. 事故发生后，受伤的人立刻被送进了最近的医院。 【名师指津】 【语境助记】 He retired from the army because of being wounded in a fight.Soon after, he met with an accident, where luckily he was not injured but was hurt to some degree.他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次事故，幸运的是他的身体没有受伤，但他的心灵在一定程度上受到了伤害。 【活学活用】 (1)Warm­up exercise is a must before doing sports because it is viewed as a good way to protect you from ______being injured__．做运动前热身运动是必须的，因为它被认为是保护你不受伤的 好方法。 (2)It was not what you had done but what you had said that _____hurt___ her feelings so much. 让她伤心的不是你做了什么，而是你说了什么。 (3)It was an extremely cruel war as one third lost their lives and half of the rest got badly ___wounded____． 这是一场极其残酷的战争，三分之一的人失去了生命，剩下的一半人受了重伤。 (4)It's not suitable to read books in the sun because it may ____harm____ your eyesight. 不要在阳光下看书，因为这会损害你的视力。 12．Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart.失去两名重要球员是一个很大的挑 战，但郎平没有失去信心。(教材P38)  lose heart丧失信心；泄气 【知识点拨】 该短语没有进行时，也不能用于被动语态。此外，heart前不加冠词，heart也不能用复数形式。 lose one's heart to…爱上…… put one's heart into…专心于…… heart and soul全心全意地；完全地 learn…by heart记忆，背诵 【活学活用】 (1)When he was a child, he_______lost his heart to__ poems. 他是个孩子时就喜欢上了诗歌。 (2)You can never___lose heart___ no matter what difficulties you may come across. 无论遇到什么困难你都不能丧失信心。 (3)You can do anything well if you ___put your heart into__ it. 如果你全身心投入，你什么都能做好。 13．I can accept failure；everyone fails at something.But I can't accept not trying.我能接受失败；每个人都有失败的时候。 但我不能接受不去尝试。(教材P38)  failure n．[C，U] (a lack of success in doing something)失败；[C] (someone or something that is not successful)失败的人(或事物) (1)end in failure以失败而告终 (2)heart failure心脏衰竭 crop failure 庄稼歉收 power failure 断电 (3)fail vi.失败 fail to do sth.没有/不能做成某事 【名师指津】 failure作“失败”讲时，是不可数名词，表示抽象意义；作“失败者，失败的事”讲时，是可数名词，表示具体意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的具体化”。 【语境助记】 While he failed in the match again, he didn't lose heart. He wanted to show others that he was not a failure with his great determination and the spirit of never giving up． 虽然他在比赛中又失败了，但他没有灰心。他想用他的决心和永不放弃的精神向别人表明他不是一个失败者。 【活学活用】 (1)Successful people often aren't very good at dealing with __ failure____（ fail）． (2)A quick review of __successes and failures________ at the end of the year will help shape your year ahead. 年终时快速回顾一年的成功和失败将有助于你决定来年的发展。 (3)Another _crop failure________ could result in widespread famine. 再一次歉收可能会导致大范围的饥荒。 (4) When worldwide scientists failed _____finding_____(find)a cure using modern chemicals, Tu Youyou turned to Chinese herbs for help. 当世界各地的科学家未能找到使用现代化学物质的治疗方法 时，屠呦呦转向中草药寻求帮助。 14.．Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.比赛失利教会了他更加努力训练和永不放弃。(教材P38)  give up放弃；投降 give in屈服；投降；交上 give in to sb.向某人投降/屈服/让步 give out分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽 give off放出；发出(光、热、气味等) give away泄露；赠送 【活学活用】 (1)You may find achieving goals difficult. But you should not ___give up__. Instead, stay positive and confident. 你可能会发现实现目标很困难。但你不应该放弃。相反，保持积极和自信。 (2)He never gave up __learning___ (learn)English though it was hard. 尽管英语难学，但他从未放弃学英语。 (2) A determined person never gives __in_______ to difficulties even if they are too tough to overcome. 一个有决心的人永远不会向困难屈服，即使困难很难克服。 (4)The couple gave __away______ most of their fortune to the poor in their small town. 这对夫妻把他们的大部分财产都捐赠给了他们生活的那个小镇上的穷人。 (5)The volunteers are working at a soup kitchen tomorrow and giving __out_______ food to homeless people in the community.志愿者们明天将在施粥所工作，给社区里无家可归的人分发食物。 ( 3 重点句型 ) 1．When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still.当乔丹的双脚离开地面时，时间似乎静止了。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 句型公式：“Sb./Sth. seems/seemed ＋不定式”是一个固定句型，表示“……看来……；……好像……”，该句型可转化为It seems/seemed that…。 He seems to be fit for the present job. ＝It seems that he is fit for the present job. 看起来他适合目前的工作。 【拓展】常用的含seem的相关句型还有： It seems＋adj./n.＋to do sth.　做某事好像…… It seems as if/as though… 看起来好像…… There seems (to be)… 看起来像…… 【活学活用】 (1) Does every dinner with your parents seem __to turn_______ (turn) into a battle? 每次和父母共进晚餐都会变成一场战斗吗？ (2)________It seems difficult to_______ memorize so many new words by heart in a short time. 似乎很难在短时间内把这么多生词背下来。 (3)____It seems difficult to______ our team is going to win. 看起来好像我们队要赢了。 (4)___There seems to be _______ very hopeful that business will get better. 看起来很有希望生意会好转的。 2．Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。(教材P38) 【知识点拨】 句型公式：“The＋名词＋is that…”表示“……的……是……”。 The secret to sth.is………的秘诀是…… The key to sth.is… ……的关键是…… The truth is… 事实是…… The fact is… 事实是…… 【活学活用】 (1)_The secret to his success______ is dealing with disappointment and failure in a positive attitude. 他成功的秘诀在于用积极的态度对待失望和失败。 (2)___The key to happiness_____ is having a positive attitude towards life. 幸福的关键是对生活有积极的态度。 (3)__The fact/truth is___that_____ _____you have made a wrong decision. 事实是你做了一个错误的决定。 3．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年以来一直在帮助年轻人。 (教材P38) 【知识点拨】 has been helping是现在完成进行时，这一时态表示从过去开始并一直延续的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。 since后跟表示时间的短语或从句时，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，主句时态通常为现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态。 【活学活用】 (1)Since he graduated from college, he___has been travelling around________ the globe. 自从大学毕业以来，他一直在环游世界。 (2)For generations, scientists ___have been unearthingv__ the universe. 几代人以来，科学家们一直在探索宇宙。 (3)The archaeologists _have been unearthing______ the emperor tomb for months. 考古学家们几个月来一直在发掘皇帝的陵墓。 (4)He ___has been applying for__________ his passport since he determined to go abroad for further study. 自从他决定出国深造以来，他一直在申请护照。 1、 单词拼写 1.He is in the library gathering ________ (材料) for what he is writing. 【答案】material/materials 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：他在图书馆为他正在写的东西收集材料。根据汉语提示和句意可知，material材料，素材，符合语境；作“材料，资料，面料”讲时是可数名词，作“元素，素材”讲时作不可数名词；根据句意，在此两个意思皆可。故填material/materials。 2.As professional ______ (运动员), they had to train for many years and overcome fear and hardships to reach the games. 【答案】athletes 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：作为职业运动员，他们必须经过多年的训练，克服恐惧和困难才能进入奥运会。athlete“运动员”，名词，符合题意；由主句主语they可知，空处名词需用复数形式。故填​athletes。 3.The ________(观众) was carried away by his inspiring speech. 【答案】audience 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：观众被他鼓舞人心的演讲迷住了。audience“观众”，是集合名词，表示一个整体。故填audience。 4.Unlike Muhammad Ali, Jordan ________(竞争) in the 1992 Olympics and won his second Olympic gold medal. 【答案】competed 【解析】本题考查动词。本题考查动词compete。句意：与穆罕默德•阿里不同的是，乔丹参加了1992年奥运会，并获得了他的第二枚奥运会金牌。分析句子成分可知，此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in the 1992 Olympics可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填competed。 5.Admitting you've made a mistake is a sign of _____________（实力）, not weakness. 【答案】strength 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：承认自己犯了错误是实力的标志，而不是软弱。空处应填一个名词作of的宾语，结合句意和首字母提示可知，strength符合题意，意为“实力”，是不可数名词，故填strength。 6.When Tina found a spelling e （错误）in her article, she corrected it immediately. 【答案】error 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：当蒂娜发现文章里一个拼写错误时，她立刻改正。结合句意和首字母提示可知，error错误，差错，可数名词；空前有不定冠词a修饰，因此此处填入名词单数形式。故填error。 7.Although some people ______ (假装) to be young, their grey hair and loose skin give them away. 【答案】pretend 【解析】本题考查动词。句意：虽然有些人假装年轻，但他们的白发和松弛的皮肤却暴露了他们的年龄。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语；根据give them away可知，此处用一般现在时，主语people是复数，谓语用动词原形。结合句意和汉语提示，pretend假装，动词，符合题意。故填pretend。 8.With a silent, ________ (优雅的) dive, she disappeared beneath the surface of the lake. 【答案】graceful 【解析】本题考查形容词。句意：她平静而优雅地潜了下去，消失在湖面下。空处应填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词dive，结合汉语提示可知graceful符合题意，故填graceful。 9.I feel            (honour) to make a speech tonight to celebrate Mother's Day in honor of our mothers. 【答案】honoured 【解析】本题考查形容词。句意：我很荣幸今晚能发表演讲，为我们的母亲庆祝母亲节。分析句子结构可知，设空处需用形容词作表语，与feel一起构成系表结构，honoured“荣幸的”，形容词，feel honored/honoured“感到荣幸”，固定短语，故填honoured。 10.Compared with the performance of the rest of the world, China has safeguarded the lives of the people thanks to the government's __________ (能力) and efficiency. 【答案】competence 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：与世界其他国家的表现相比，中国政府的能力和效率保障了人民的生命安全。根据汉语提示“能力”和空前的government's可知，应填名词competence作宾语，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填competence。 11.Constant increasing price of the houses make young people under ____________（压力）. 【答案】stress 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：不断上涨的房价使年轻人压力非常大。短语under stress意为“处在压力之下”故填stress。 12.You're not allowed to look at the answers because that's ______ (作弊). 【答案】cheating 【解析】本题考查动词及其动名词。句意：你不能看答案，因为那是作弊。作弊cheat，动词-ing形式cheating，名词作表语，故填cheating。 13.She was the ______ (队长) of our school basketball team. 【答案】captain 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：她是我们学校篮球队的队长。captain队长，可数名词；分析句子可知，主语是She，第三人称单数，故本空填名词单数形式。故填captain。 14.He is a man of ______________（决心，毅力）. Once he has made up his mind, nothing and nobody can change him. 【答案】determination 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：他是一个有决心的人。一旦他下定决心，就没有任何事情、任何人能改变他。根据句意及所给首字母可知，此处是指“他是一个有决心的人”；determination决心，不可数名词。故填determination。 15.______ (失败) is the mother of success. 【答案】Failure 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：失败是成功之母。分析句子结构可知，空处做主语，需要用名词；根据汉语提示可知，failure，名词，意为“失败”，符合句意，句首首字母大写。故填Failture。 16.Asked the reason why she hadn't had breakfast, she admitted that she was going on a ______ (节食) 【答案】diet 【解析】句意：问她为什么没有吃早餐，她承认她在节食。go on a diet节食，固定短语。故填diet。 17.An AI system has beaten a human ______ (冠军) at the strategy board game Go. 【答案】champion 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：一个人工智能系统在围棋战略棋类游戏中击败了人类冠军。champion可数名词，“冠军”。根据句中不定冠词“a”可知，本空应该是名词单数形式。故填champion。 18.We lost the c________ in the World Cup. 【答案】championship 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：我们在世界杯上失去了冠军称号。冠军称号championship，为不可数名词，故填championship。 19.The failure to seize that moment was one of the company's           (错误). 【答案】errors 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：未能抓住那一时机是公司的错误之一。结合句意和汉语提示可知，error“错误”，可数名词，符合题意；one of后需用可数名词复数。故填​errors。 20.Careful _____________(准备) are being made for the coming sports meeting, which both teachers and students are looking forward to. 【答案】preparations 【解析】本题考查名词。句意：正在为即将到来的运动会做着精心的准备，这是老师和学生都很期待的。根据汉语提示和谓语动词are being made可知，本空用可数名词的复数形式preparations作主语，故填preparations。 2、 词性转换 1.There are many_______________(glory) moments in China's long history. 【答案】glorious 【解析】本题考查名词转化形容词。句意：在中国悠久的历史中，有许多光荣的时刻。根据句意，此处表示“光荣的”，故用形容词glorious作定语。故填glorious。 2.After running 5 miles,I became out of breath and the__________ (injure) ankle hurt badly. 【答案】injured 【解析】本题考查动词转化形容词。句意：跑了5英里后，我上气不接下气，受伤的脚踝严重受伤。根据句意，此处表示“受伤的”，故用形容词injured作定语。故填injured。 3.We should do something together at weekends so as to__________(strengthen) our relationship. 【答案】strengthen 【解析】本题考查名词转化动词。句意：我们应该在周末一起做一些事情，以便加强我们的关系。根据句意，此处表示“增强，强化”，故用动词strengthen。故填strengthen。 4.As we all know, thinking __________(positive) is an effective way to deal with stress. 【答案】positively 【解析】本题考查形容词转化副词。句意：我们都知道，积极思考是应对压力的有效方。此处表示“积极地”，副词修饰动词作状语，故用副词词positively。故填positively。 5.Stretching exercise can help you avoid_____________(injure) and improve your game. 【答案】injury 【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：伸展运动可以帮助你防止身体受伤，并提高你的比赛技巧。根据句子成分，此处应该用名词形式作avoid的宾语，故用名词injury。故填injury。 6.Finally, I stopped ________ (compare) myself with actresses and models. 【答案】comparing 【解析】本题考查动名词。句意：最终，我停止将我自己与女演员和模特做比较了。stop doing sth表示“停止做某事”，为固定搭配短语。故填comparing。 7.I am________ (honour) to have been mentioned in his speech. 【答案】 honoured 【解析】考查动词转化形容词。句意：我很荣幸在他的演讲中被提到。根据语境，此处需表示“感到荣幸的”，故将honour改为其形容词，构成短语be honoured to do，故填honoured。 8.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________ (strong) and weaknesses. 【答案】strengths 【解析】考查形容词转化名词。空处应填一个名词作know的宾语，strength意为“长处”，是可数名词，结合语境及weaknesses可知，此处应用复数形式，故填strengths。 9.He is such a _____ (determine) person that he will never give in to any difficulties. 【答案】determined 【解析】考查动词转化形容词。句意：他是一个如此有决心的人以至于他永远不会向任何困难屈服。根据句意，此处表示“有决心的”，故用形容词determined作定语。故填determined。　 10._________(fail) to observe(遵守) all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park. 【答案】Failure 【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：不遵守所有的公园规则可能会导致被赶出公园。故填Failure。 11.Everybody gets__________(stress) now and then. Different people feel stress in different ways. 【答案】stressful 【解析】本题考查名词转化形容词。句意：每个人都会时不时地感到有压力。不同的人会以不同的方式感到压力。根据句意，此处表示“有压力的”，故用形容词stressful作表语。故填stressful。 12.In the long jump,every______________(compete) tried to jump as far forward as possible. 【答案】competitor 【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：在跳远比赛中，每个比赛选手都试图尽可能地向前跳。根据句意，此处表示“参赛选手”，故用名词competitor作主语。故填competitor。 13.Many programs are offered here, so everyone can find something that suits their level of ___________(fit). 【答案】fitness 【解析】本题考查形容词转化名词。句意：这里提供了很多项目，所以每个人都能找到适合自己的健康水平的东西。根据句意，此处表示“健康水平”，并且，介词of后需用名词形式，故用fitness作宾语。故填fitness。　　 14.Tony promised to help Jane to make her more beautiful and her house more_________ (grace). 【答案】graceful 【解析】本题考查名词转化形容词。句意：托尼答应帮助简使她更漂亮和她的房子更优雅。根据句意，此处表示“更优雅的”，故用形容词graceful作补足语。故填graceful。　 15.His___________________(determine) to overcome difficulties always makes me inspired whenever I am in trouble. 【答案】determination 【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：每当我遇到麻烦，他克服困难的决心总是让我有灵感。根据句意，此处所处主语的位置，需要用到determine的名词形式determination。故填determination。 3、 完成句子 1． 张家口，一个美丽的中国北方城市，将在12月举办青年滑雪比赛。(名词短语作同位语) Zhangjiakou, ,_will host the Youth Ski Race in December. 2.乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。(The secret to sth. is that...成功的秘诀是……） Jordan says that 3.由你决定我们去哪里旅游。 where we will go travelling. 4. 众所周知，锻炼对我们的健康有很大的作用。（make a difference） , exercise our health. 5.为了保持健康，我决定改掉这些坏习惯。（determine to do, get rid of ）  In order to keep healthy, . 6.我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是全神贯注于教学，并且不遗余力地帮助我们。(who引导的定语从句) The person I respect most is my headteacher 7.在过去的三年里我一直读英文报Youth。(现在完成进行时) in the past three years. 8.一旦我明白了我所肩负的责任，我就毫不犹疑地交出了我挣的所有的钱。(once引导的时间状语从句) ，I handed in all the money I had earned without hesitation. 9.．没有向老师们求助，他决定自己解决这个问题。(instead of doing) ，he is determined to work out the problem by himself. 10.通过欣赏我们学校正在举行的展览，你会更好地理解中国传统绘画。(by doing作状语) ，you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese paintings. 答案： 2． 张家口，一个美丽的中国北方城市，将在12月举办青年滑雪比赛。(名词短语作同位语) Zhangjiakou, a_beautiful_city_in_northern_China,_will host the Youth Ski Race in December. 2.乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。(The secret to sth. is that...成功的秘诀是……） Jordan says that the_secret_to_his_success_is learning from his failures. 3.由你决定我们去哪里旅游。 It's_up_to_you_to_decide where we will go travelling. 4. 众所周知，锻炼对我们的健康有很大的作用。（make a difference） It is known to all/As is known to all, exercise makes a great difference to our health. 5.为了保持健康，我决定改掉这些坏习惯。（determine to do, get rid of ）  In order to keep healthy, I determine to get rid of these bad habits. 6.我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是全神贯注于教学，并且不遗余力地帮助我们。(who引导的定语从句) The person I respect most is my headteacher who is always concentrating on teaching and spares no effort to help us. 7.在过去的三年里我一直读英文报Youth。(现在完成进行时) I have been reading the English newspaper Youth in the past three years. 8.一旦我明白了我所肩负的责任，我就毫不犹疑地交出了我挣的所有的钱。(once引导的时间状语从句) Once I was aware of the responsibility I was shouldering，I handed in all the money I had earned without hesitation. 9.．没有向老师们求助，他决定自己解决这个问题。(instead of doing) Instead of turning to teachers for help，he is determined to work out the problem by himself. 10.通过欣赏我们学校正在举行的展览，你会更好地理解中国传统绘画。(by doing作状语) By appreciating the exhibition being held by our school，you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese paintings. 11.By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.(by doing作状语)通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。 12.They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(who引导的定语从句) 他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$