专题03 阅读理解之议论文（期中真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题03阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高二上·福建莆田·期中）With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to control the world around us, what comes next? Many experts and workers are scared that automation will take jobs from people who need them and give those jobs to robots. I understand their concern. However, if robots are outperforming us at our jobs, then what do humans have left to offer? We have the emotions and imagination that make us human. A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore! By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future. The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts? I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone! So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here. 1．Why does the author end paragraph 1 with a question? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a problem. C．To ask for approval. D．To arouse thinking. 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards technological advancement? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 3．Why are art-related jobs also important? A．They have opened up our world. B．They help people realize their dreams. C．They will be in great demand in the future. D．They can show the innovation of human. 4．What is the tone of the passage? A．Narrative and serious. B．Persuasive and positive. C．Descriptive and critical. D．Informative and objective. （二） （23-24高二上·江西宜春·期中）No more wet towels on the bathroom floor, and no more empty juice plastic boxes. No more doors closing at 3 a. m. , and no more coming home to a noisy crowd of strangers around the kitchen table. There’s nothing so quiet, says a friend whose youngest has just moved out. But if adjusting to an empty nest can be tough (difficult), it seems there is one thing tougher: a formerly empty nest that suddenly fills back up again. According to a research from the London School of Economics (LSE), parents whose grown up children don’t actually manage to leave —who move out, only to bounce right back again —are actually less happy than those whose fledglings (幼鸟) heartlessly fly off without a backward glance. The quality of life for parents of boomerang (coming back) kids fell on average by about 0.8 points on the LSE researchers’ scale. A quarter of young British adults now live with their parents, more than at any time since records began in1966. But more shockingly, this is no longer just about the young. Around a quarter of a million people aged between 35 and 44 still live at home with their parents and the idea that that can all be blamed on helicopter parents making it too easy for their little darlings not to grow up isn’t logical. Midlife divorce, insecure gig economy work and straightforward poverty all play their part in driving what were once perfectly functioning grown-ups back to their teenage bedrooms. These kids are admittedly luckier than those for whom going back home is sadly not an option. But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job, or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it leave quite many parents feeling bad about it. 5．According to the first two paragraphs, parents of boomerang children _________. A．have to do too much housework B．feel bad about it C．expect their children to live together D．enjoy higher quality of life 6．Why do these boomerang kids circle back home? A．To avoid their life pressure. B．To nurse elderly parents. C．Because their parents choose to take them in. D．Because they have helicopter parents. 7．What is the author’s attitude to this trend? A．Supportive. B．Confused. C．Uninterested. D．Disapproving. 8．What’s the best title for the text? A．Does the empty nest matter? B．Is the nest really empty? C．What worries grown-ups? D．How do parents help their kids? （三） （23-24高二上·宁夏吴忠·期中）There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In the World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too— that’s why it made Nov16th “International Day for Tolerance”. But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱)and error; let us pardon each other’s fool— that is the first law of nature.” Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women. It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s something wrong with them. Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant. It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness. 9．What’s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”? A．To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people. B．To celebrate the founding of the UN. C．To solve the problem of global warming. D．To change people’s opinion towards globalization. 10．Why do men behave intolerantly towards women? A．Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN. B．Because men are physically stronger than women. C．Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women. D．Because men willing to understand women. 11．Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”? A．Because they are hard to pronounce in English. B．Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to. C．Because they can’t be translated into other languages. D．Because they can’t be used in a respectful way. 12．In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”? A．Humans are advised to treat others better. B．Humans leant to find faults in others. C．Humans need to give something to others. D．Humans will change their attitudes to others. （四） （23-24高二上·四川成都·期中）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere(坚持) and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈) from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 13．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1? A．To offer an approach to handling failure. B．To introduce a common attitude towards failure. C．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. D．To discuss the relationship between success and failure. 14．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A．It does harm to our self-image. B．It pictures us as perfect people. C．It protects us from false feedback. D．It makes us refuse negative feedback to ourselves. 15．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Hurriedly. B．Mistakenly. C．Unhappily. D．Carelessly. 16．Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A．Get ready to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. B．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. C．Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. D．Don’t escape when our self-image gets challenged. （五） （23-24高二上·北京顺义·期中）If you analyze people’s actions, you will come to the conclusion that they all seek happiness. Every act is in fact a search for it, even if on the surface it doesn’t look so. Happiness is always the main target. Going to the movies, eating in a restaurant and going to a party are all motivated by the desire to be happy. Who does not dream of a vacation in some fascinating locations, a new car, a new house, or the ideal match? All people daydream, and some even try to make their dream a reality. And why is that? In order to be happy! Many people endanger themselves by climbing steep mountains, entering unexplored caves, or diving into the deep of the ocean in order to enjoy the few moments of happiness. A thief may steal because he loves the thrill of danger, or because he desires to have quick money to spend. He is actually looking for happiness, though in a perverted way. Of course not all actions end in happiness. The motive is happiness, but the results do not always bring the desire. According to some spiritual traditions, we are spiritual beings in physical bodies. The spiritual part is always happy. Rather, it is happiness itself. But the physical body covers this happiness essence(本质). There is a constant desire to find out this happiness. This is the reason why happiness is constantly sought. However, there is.no need to search for happiness or to create it, or to have all kinds of outer experiences and actions in order to feel it. On the contrary, everything has to be dropped in order to experience it. Every technique, which helps to relax the mind and calm the rush of thoughts will lead to happiness. 17．From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that______. A．happiness is a daydream B．it is very hard to analyze people’s actions C．many things people do are to attain happiness D．one should act carefully so as not to show his purpose 18．The underlined word “perverted” in Paragraph 3 most likely means A．illegal B．unfair C．cautious D．difficult 19．According to the author, why do people seek happiness all the time? A．All actions don’t result in the expected happiness B．There is little awareness of the nature of happiness. C．One’s physical body is controlled by his spiritual part. D．People are so greedy that it’s hard to satisfy their desires. （六） （23-24高二上·天津和平·期中）Female role models are having a moment. In the United States, there is a female vice president. The women’s soccer team is fighting a public, uphill battle for equal pay. Women are even making their way into what had seemed a permanent men’s club: the senior operation ranks of the armed forces. Role models inspire people by showing what is actually possible. Research supports that it works: these pioneers not only help us imagine where we might go but also map out the path there. Role models have also been shown to have a bigger impact on women and underrepresented communities—those who have not easily achieved their goals. Seeing more women in the world of science, girls of today are more likely, when asked to draw a scientist, to draw a woman than those in past decades. Even one role model can benefit a child, helping them perform better in school and maintain a positive attitude. However, the idea of “good role models” needs an update, especially when it comes to girls; otherwise the endless stream of shining snapshots of achievement they see can actually lead to self-doubt. In addition to role models, our work on girls and the process of building confidence has found that what girls really need are “work in progress” models. Girls tend to judge themselves harshly and suffer from perfectionism. They need to see the struggles and failures in their role models, as well as great perseverance. Anything that suggests success effortlessly achieved can be discouraged rather than inspired, playing into girls’ worst self-doubt thinking patterns. Helping girls see the extraordinary in the seemingly ordinary is a good solution to unrealistic expectations. “Everyday heroes have a special impact,” said the child psychologist Bonnie Zucker. “Take a young girl who has to shoulder-the-responsibility for raising her brothers or sisters for some reason. She might not have attractive social media presence, but her bravery, devotion, and emotional labor are, in fact, heroic.” 20．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A．Some jobs suitable for females. B．Some influences of female role models. C．Females’ challenges at the workplace. D．Females’ achievements in different fields. 21．What can we infer about role models from Paragraph 2? A．They give us realistic guides to success. B．They help us know more outstanding people. C．They are preferred by female groups. D．They show us the value of keeping learning. 22．What influence can the snapshots of achievement have on girls? A．Broadening their minds. B．Inspiring them to dream big. C．Driving them to work harder. D．Making them doubt themselves. 23．Why do girls need “work in progress” models? A．They make them achieve success quickly. B．They help them accept their imperfect selves. C．They teach them to be strict with themselves. D．They encourage them to follow their dreams. 24．What does the author imply by mentioning Bonnie Zucher’s words? A．Many girls’ expectations are unrealistic. B．Girls have a strong sense of responsibility. C．Girls can follow heroic examples in daily life. D．Social activities are of great importance to girls. （七） （22-23高二上·江苏宿迁·期中）Are you a tea drinker? If so, you’re not alone. Every day around the world millions of cups of this popular brew (沏茶) are drunk. The oldest discovered tea is from the Han Dynasty. But the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty, when it became China’s national drink. Tea is the second most consumed drink in the world. Most of us can’t resist a cup of tea sometimes. They’re a perfect pick-me-up and comforter. For many, having a “cuppa” is a daily routine. And according to some scientists, habitual tea consumption can have some health benefits. Drinking black tea may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life, though we do not know what ingredients of tea take effect. Also, drinking seven or more cups of green tea was associated with a lower risk of death among both heart attack and stroke survivors. So, if we turn to tea for its taste, its image or as a lifestyle choice, it could be a lifesaver! Tea is consumed in many ways — slurped, sipped or glugged (大口喝). It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern. Scientists from McGill University in Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed high levels of microplastics into water. However, The World Health Organization says such particles in drinking water do not appear to pose a risk. Most tea bags are made from paper, with a small amount of plastic used to seal them shut. This has led to debate about whether they can be recycled. However, gardener Mike Armitage has said that the plastic contained in the soil could be washed into streams and rivers and ultimately out to sea. Unilever, the owners of the tea brand PG Tips, said their tea bags are made with a small amount of plastic-used to seal them-and that they are suitable for composting. And the brand Yorkshire Tea said their bags do contain plastic, but they were actively developing recyclable things to replace the plastic. 25．What can we learn about tea from paragraph 2? A．Drinking black tea and green tea has similar effects on our health. B．Habitual tea consumption benefits us both physically and mentally. C．We have found out what ingredients of tea help people relieve stresses. D．Many people consume tea daily because it can cure some strange diseases. 26．What makes some people worried according to the passage? A．The ingredients of tea. B．The change of tea set. C．The brew with tea bags. D．The different tastes of tea. 27．What is the passage mainly about? A．People around the world enjoy tea. B．People enjoy tea but debate tea bags. C．Some ingredients in tea have negative effects. D．Many tea businesses try to improve tea quality. 28．Which column of a newspaper may the passage probably come from? A．Tourism. B．Sports. C．Economy. D．Culture. （八） （23-24高二上·四川眉山·期中）Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that  you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!” Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation. Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture. Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well. You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself. Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for. Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time). Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those. 29．The author mentioned bad news in order to show that . A．bad news makes people see things in a negative light B．bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes C．bad news attracts people to see positive things D．bad news has a negative effect on television ratings 30．What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean? A．Unstable emotions. B．Important events. C．Amazing incidents . D．Something unpleasant. 31．How should we view failure according to the passage? A．We will change our behaviour. B．We will keep trying the old method. C．We should learn from failure. D．We should think in a more complicated way. 32．What is the passage mainly about? A．It inspires us to learn from negative experiences. B．It compares negative and positive experiences. C．It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences. D．It discusses how negative experiences affect others. （九） （23-24高二上·云南迪庆·期中）When it comes to the ocean, you may think of a visit to the beach, whales or coral reefs. To me, I think the ocean is out of expanse of deep dark water and it is filled with life and mystery and opportunity. Whatever you think of, the ocean is much more. It is a complex physical, chemical and biological system that takes up 70% of our planet. What we do know is that the ocean is an important part of our life support system on the planet. It produces at least 50% of the oxygen that we breathe. It also regulates temperature for the planet. Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and the equator would be unbearably hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. Now we consider saving the ocean from plastic, from oil spills or from overfishing. But really, we should be thinking about how the ocean is saving us. It is saving us from the climate change that we are creating. Basically, what we need to do is think about not how to save the ocean, but instead how the ocean can actually help us in this fight against climate change. Already, the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30% of the CO2 that we release into the atmosphere. It is the world’s largest carbon sink. It has also absorbed 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases. So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable. When we think about climate action, climate strategies and climate plans, we often overlook the ocean and leave it out because somehow we think that saving the ocean is something else we have to do, not a core part of our climate strategy. That’s what has to change because the ocean is a core part of our climate system, and so it has to be a core part of our climate solutions. 33．What does the author think of the ocean’s meaning to humans? A．It supports life system on the planet. B．It offers chances to find mysterious treasure. C．It provides a large number of deep dark water. D．It is a perfect place to watch whales and coral reefs. 34．What does the underlined word “excess” mean in paragraph 4? A．Low. B．High. C．Moderate. D．Extra. 35．What would happen if we live without ocean? A．The poles would be hot. B．Overfishing would not be a problem. C．The globe would be tougher to live on. D．The climate would be changed slightly. 36．What is the text mainly about? A．Strategies to save the ocean. B．Whether the ocean is habitable. C．Saving the ocean is saving humans. D．A place to watch whales and coral reefs. （十） （23-24高二上·山东青岛·期中）In the days before the internet, critical thinking was the most important skill that informed citizens could have. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a German psychologist, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring.” With such an overabundance of information, we need to first decide what’s worth our attention and time, and what’s not. The first strategy is self-nudging. This involves avoiding low-quality information so that we have more quality time for ourselves. It also involves the removal of distracting things from the environment around you. Of course, we need to stay informed of world events, so we can’t just ignore the internet altogether. When you do go into social media, Kozyreva recommends setting time limits, which prevents you from losing track of time as you click on one attractive link after another. The next strategy is lateral (横向的) reading. Its purpose is to improve judgments about the reliability of information, and to protect you from false and misleading information. The strategy involves opening a new web page to find out more about the source of the information. Likewise, it’s also good to check the source of the information in an internet post. Headlines are often cheating. They’re designed to attract attention, not provide information. The main idea of the article may be completely contrary to the implication in the headline. A sensational claim may provide a link with a headline that seems to support it, but a careful reading of the original source shows it doesn’t. We live in a digital age in which we’re overwhelmed with information, much of it of poor quality. Train our critical ignoring skills and we can get the benefits of the internet while we avoid falling victim to those who try to control our attention. 37．Which of the following saying can best describe “critical ignoring”? A．Rob Peter to pay Paul. B．Make something out of nothing. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Separate the sheep from the goats. 38．What does the author suggest for applying self-nudging strategy? A．Improving study equipment. B．Managing our own time well. C．Avoiding access to social media. D．Staying informed of what happened. 39．How can we get the reliable information of an article? A．By focusing on headlines. B．By reading posts at random. C．By searching for original sources. D．By consulting authorities for advice. 40．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To clarify a concept. B．To promote an app. C．To describe a scene. D．To make a proposal. （十一） （23-24高二上·江西抚州·期中）Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc., it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter’s face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she’s really there. “Virtual travel” is nothing new, of course. Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been stimulating the senses of armchair tourists for centuries. It’s only in recent decades that frequent, safe travel has become available to the non- wealthy. Yet even as the world’s middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class seat, there are signs of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends. Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn’t plan to start selling Avatars until next year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global market for this kind of technology will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast, ANA’s traditional travel business brought in more than $19 billion last year. But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA’s robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s high-tech future. 41．Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot? A．To show the Japanese are crazy about travel. B．To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people’s real life. C．To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots. D．To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter. 42．Which of the following is the possible reason for virtual travel’s appearance? A．Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries. B．Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people. C．People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines. D．More and more people lose interest in travel. 43．What does the underlined word “sustainability” probably mean in the third paragraph? A．Visibility. B．Availability. C．insignificance. D．Continuousness 44．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Your Next Travel May Be Virtual. B．Easy Travel in the Future. C．Virtual Travel Benefits. D．Air Travel Disappearing. （十二） （23-24高二上·四川凉山·期中）Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which can be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words, when you are seeking success, use every available resource. Theodore Roosevelt had no time for quitters (轻易放弃的人) or complainers. He would never accept that something was impossible. Every task, every goal, and every dream can be completed. All you needed to do is to make a start. Use what you have around you to take your first step. Do not make excuses for not doing something. Instead, give all the reasons for setting out to complete the task. There is always an alternative way of approaching a. project. Giving up is not one of those alternatives. Neither quitters nor complainers achieve success. They continuously find ways of doing anything. When you are chasing success, don’t give yourself excuses. Instead, challenge yourself. Making the best of what you are given is positive. Achieving success through working to find different ways of doing a task or overcoming an obstacle (障碍物) will make you feel good. Your self-belief and confidence will be improved, and you will feel able to deal with whatever else comes along. Theodore Roosevelt was a great supporter of self-discipline. He believed that if we could not control our own lives, how could we lead others? When you put self-discipline on yourself, you remove indecision and replace it with purposefulness. You become an example to others, which adds to your self-esteem (自尊). What must we do, therefore, to boost our self-esteem? Most importantly, see the positive in everything. There will be positives in negative experiences. Even in the negative, there are lessons to be learned and experiences to store away for the future. If others are to believe in you, then you must believe in yourself. Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th and youngest US President. He achieved high office as a result of being a tough political operator and a man blessed with experience and wisdom. He was determined, self-esteem, and filled with self-belief and a sense of purpose. All of his achievements came from his life lessons. 45．Which statement will Theodore Roosevelt probably agree with? A．Giving up is a good choice. B．Accept something impossible. C．Using resources helps you succeed. D．Good beginning means good ending. 46．How can we improve our self-esteem according to Roosevelt? A．We’d better not give up. B．We need to increase our confidence. C．We should keep overcoming obstacles. D．We may look on the bright side of things. 47．Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt? A．Optimistic and determined. B．Self-confident and selfish. C．Self-disciplined and indecisive. D．Aimless and proud. 48．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Everything Is Possible B．Life Lessons from Theodore Roosevelt C．The Key to Success-- Self-confidence D．Success Depends on Available Resource （十三） （23-24高二上·北京房山·期中）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little comer, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t. There are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 49．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 50．According to the author, a person with “his child’s heart” tends to ________. A．lead a simple and satisfying life B．be curious about the unknown C．follow the custom all the time D．try to avoid making mistakes 51．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. B．Experience and special abilities are the keys to success. C．The genius can get things done easily and creatively. D．Satisfying yourself can help you become an expert. 52．What could be the best title of the passage? A．Young Minds Never Feel Contented B．Trial and Error Leads lo Success C．The Keys to Achievement D．Well Begun Is Half Done （十四） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Modern museums are trying everything they can to shore up declining attendance. Somehow, there always seems to be some crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, for example. What’s worse, the unappreciative public is going farther and farther away. So museums do what they can to attract people, and the results are occasionally wonderful and occasionally laughable. The worst of such results occurs when some curator, someone who is in charge of a museum, decides that the reason the audience isn’t pouring through the doors is that the content is over their heads — the history presented is too complex and political, the art too abstract, or the scientific explanations too in-depth. What occurs then is a uniform simplifying of the exhibits. Text is minimized, and historically significant pieces are passed over in favor of those more pretty and pleasing. The museum becomes a place where people go to look at pretty things instead of a place for learning, understanding and appreciating different cultures, art, and science. All these efforts have given rise to the concept of “edutainment”— a mixture in which learning is supposed to be accomplished without any effort at all on the part of the visitor. Displays are constructed with an eye toward their entertainment value, with relevant facts slipped secretly in, as though learning were a bitter pill that must be sugarcoated before the average museum visitors can be induced (劝诱) to swallow it. But true education is an active pursuit, not something one receives like a piece of candy. The museum’s job should be to inspire visitors to look deeper, not to force-feed them predigested facts. If a museum becomes indistinguishable from a theme park, it has failed. Nonprofit institutions exist because, if they did not, no for-profit institutions would serve their function. If active scholarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead of shaping the museum to resemble successful entertainment enterprises. 53．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．Modern museums succeed in raising funds. B．Modern museums have been quite appreciated. C．Modern museums are facing many challenges. D．Modern museums are often far away from city centers. 54．Which of the following best explains “over their heads” underlined in paragraph 2? A．simple and pleasing B．badly expressed C．educational and important D．too difficult to understand 55．Which of the following would the author most probably agree with? A．Learning is supposed to be interesting. B．Entertainment shouldn’t be practiced in museums. C．Museums should help visitors enjoy learning. D．Museums shouldn’t provide complex content. 56．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To point out a problem of modern museums. B．To encourage readers to visit museums. C．To advise readers to acquire knowledge actively. D．To show some good changes in modern museums. （十五） （23-24高二上·山东滨州·期中）Parents are an enormously powerful force in the lives of children. Whether Johnny can read, whether Johnny knows right from wrong, whether Johnny is a happy, well-adjusted kid or shy and bad-tempered, has a whole lot to do with the kind of parenting Johnny has received. If Johnny’s mom and dad have been able to come through with lasting, determining loving attention, the odds (可能性) are that Johnny is on track to become a productive, compassionate citizen. If they have not, Johnny is in trouble—and so is our nation. Thirty years ago Chicago sociologist James S. Coleman showed that parental involvement mattered far more in determining school success than any quality of the formal education system. Across a wide range of subject areas, in literature, science and reading, Coleman estimated that the parent was twice as powerful as the school in determining achievement at age fourteen. Psychologist Lawrence Steinberg, who recently completed a six-year study of 20,000 teenagers in nine different communities, confirms the importance of parents. Steinberg shows that one out of three parents is “seriously disengaged” from his or her adolescent’s education, and this is the primary reason why so many American students perform below their potential—and below students in other rich countries. A weight of evidence now shows obvious links between absent parents and a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems in children. A 2017 study of 90,000 teenagers—the Add Health Project undertaken by the Carolina Population Center and the Adolescent Health Program at the University of Minnesota—found that youngsters are less likely to get hopeless, use drugs or become involved in crime when they spent significant time with their parents. This study found that only the physical presence of a parent in the home after school at dinner and at bedtime significantly reduces the incidence of risky behavior among teenagers. 57．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Children should be taught to be successful in life. B．Children are affected by many factors during the growth. C．Parents’ character has a deep influence on children. D．Parents should be strict with their children about behaviors. 58．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph I refer to? A．Odds. B．Parents. C．Citizens. D．Children. 59．What’s the purpose of Lawrence Steinberg’s research? A．To know the importance of parents’ company. B．To find out why there are so many crimes. C．To get ways to prevent teenagers’ bad behaviors. D．To find links between parents’ education and crimes. 60．What’s the author’s attitude towards parents’ company with children? A．Dismissive. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. （十六） （23-24高二上·山东滨州·期中）Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good at Dos Toros Taqueria in Manhattan. Figueroa, an ironworker, had to stand to the side, holding his hamburger, until a cashier helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash. “I had money but I couldn’t pay,” he said. Cash-free stores are causing a backlash among some activists who say the practice looks down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many transactions (交易). Supporters for banning cashless stores worry that technology is moving too fast for the 6.5% of American households—8.4 million—that do not have a bank account. Business owners who go cashless say they are following the lead of majority of customers who are abandoning cash payments. Retailers are under pressure to satisfy customers with higher expectations for fast and convenient service, driven by companies like Amazon and Uber. Leo Kremer, co-worker of Dos Toros, said the amount of cash transactions at his stores fell from about 50% a decade ago to 15% last year. Cash transactions made handling cash especially troublesome. Before going cashless, Dos Toros locations were robbed twice. Financial experts who work with low-income people caution against making assumptions about the shopping preferences or buying power of those who rely on cash. Justine Zinkin, CEO of Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners, said the greater urgency in the digital time is finding ways to better include low-income people in the banking system, such as urging banks to offer no-fee starter accounts and encouraging banks to open branches in underserved areas. 61．What trouble was Hembert Figueroa faced with at Dos Toros Taqueria? A．He failed to find a cashier for help. B．He couldn’t make a deal with cash. C．He took no money or a card with him. D．He was caught carrying false bank notes. 62．What does the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strong disagreement. B．Warm welcome. C．Heated debate. D．High expectation. 63．What did Justine Zinkin suggest according to the text? A．Making regulations to ban cashless stores. B．Raising the buying power of low-income people. C．Finding ways for banks to adapt with the digital time. D．Making banks more accessible to low-income people. 64．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．An introduction of cashless stores, a new form of transaction. B．An introduction of cashless stores, a production of new technology. C．A discussion about whether cashless stores are lawful. D．A discussion about whether cashless stores should be banned. （十七） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）The first time you start to read a poem, you must relax and read through it without concentrating on its meaning. Imagine you are meeting a person for the first time. You will just observe him and listen to his voice, as well as watch his shapes or movements, but you have not yet known what he is all about. Likewise, you may enjoy the sound, rhythms, or wording, and form some first impressions about a poem. On your second reading, you should concentrate more on the general meaning of the poem. This time, you will want to compare your feelings about the poem by now with how you felt before. Are they the same? What is different and why? Your third reading will focus more on details: the words, phrases, or images. Looking up any unfamiliar words in a dictionary so that you can gain a more accurate understanding. Using the example given above about meeting someone, his image will change gradually and slightly as you meet and learn more about him. Therefore, in your additional readings, it is a good idea to compare your understanding each time with the understanding before. A helpful approach to further understanding a poem is to summarize it in your own words. Compare your version of understanding with those of others reading the same poem, and listen to how they form such opinions. Remember, however, that there is no exact or right meaning for a poem, as most poets have admitted they themselves are not exactly sure what they meant when writing certain lines or phrases; they have even been heard to say on occasion that sometimes words just seem to “drop from heaven” and land on the page. That is what awakening the imagination is all about. If you are lucky, and if you practice enough, magical things may happen when you write and you may be able to produce a beautiful poem or other work of art yourself. 65．Why does the author give the example of “meeting a person” ? A．To arouse readers’ interest B．To support his argument C．To offer some advice D．To interpret his point 66．What will you gain from the third reading of a poem? A．General meaning. B．Rhythm beauty. C．Deeper meaning. D．Poetic structure. 67．What does the underlined word “ that ” refer to? A．Poets themselves don’t understand their poems. B．Beautiful poems drop from heaven occasionally. C．Poetic meanings are open to different explanations. D．Writing a summary helps understand a poem. 68．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Inspiration and hard work help create great poems. B．Poetry is an expression of one’s will in words. C．Practice and patience make a man perfect. D．Luck marches with those who give their very best. （十八） （23-24高二上·江苏扬州·期中）With the advancement in AI technology, people are debating the boundary between robot and man: Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans? Rather, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”. The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand — the intelligent distribution system. “To make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think but have to follow the guide of the system. All they have to do is riding as fast as possible. The navigation (导航) system charts the “best route” — to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road — which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”. The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm (算法) will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up accordingly. Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them. Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness. 69．According to the passage, what can we learn about the technology? A．Robots has become more intelligent and taken place of humans. B．AI technology are quickening takeout riding with navigation system. C．The navigation system hasn’t yet mapped out the best route for these riders. D．Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather. 70．What does the underlined word “chart” in paragraph 2? A．To make a map of B．To follow the progress of C．To plan an action of D．To be ranked on a list of 71．What do the take-out riders often NOT do to ensure the shortest delivery time? A．Over-speeding B．Running red lights C．Going on the wrong road D．Keeping traffic rules 72．According to the last two paragraphs, what attitude should we hold towards technology? A．Supportive B．Cautious C．Negative D．Doubtful （十九） （23-24高二上·江苏徐州·期中）Slowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer’s mind when she turned 70 last year. She’d enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade. She didn’t feel too old to travel. Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel? The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car in Europe, for example. In Croatia, Schaefer wouldn’t be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a “no” for many travelers. Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It’s their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on a Caribbean tour, “You can’t expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care.” she says. “Tour guides don’t have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn’t have traveled with us in this situation.” But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in 1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.” If you ask travel experts, they’ll tell you that age is just a number. It’s a question of physical, and to a certain extent, mental ability. “Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect,” says Sara Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. “Someone in their 40s may struggle more than someone in their 80s.” 73．What is Schaefer expected to do if she travels in Croatia this year? A．She can rent a car to go around. B．She will receive 24/7 medical care. C．She has to pay more insurance fees. D．She can participate in all the activities. 74．What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old’s traveling? A．His old age. B．His stubborn personality. C．His lack of medical skills. D．His poor physical condition. 75．What do we know about Grand Circle Travel? A．It is a non-profit traveling organization. B．It is intended for the senior customers. C．It offers service to a wide range of travelers. D．It has a history of more than seven decades. 76．What is the author’s attitude towards traveling at an old age? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. （二十） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp. Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived. Refugees camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and are overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees. One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or village, making them become part of the local population. This is known as the “self-settlement”. Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle. Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of food, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place. 77．Who are responsible for the refugees’ dependence on donations? A．Critics. B．Children. C．Refugee camps. D．UNHCR and the ICRC． 78．What advantage can self-settled refugees enjoy? A．More personal aid. B．More living space. C．Better training programs. D．A better sense of security. 79．What benefit can gathering refugees in one place bring? A．It can help save much land. B．It’s easier for them to get schooling. C．It can reduce the number of orphans. D．It allows families to better help each other. 80．Which of the following is not discussed in the text? A．The advantages of refugee camps. B．The disadvantages of refugee camps. C．The advantages of the self-settlement. D．The disadvantages of the self-settlement. （二十一） （23-24高二上·浙江宁波·期中）We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel(柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides.The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue ——a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an electric vehicle into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC, “The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars. “These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita(人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 81．What can we infer from the question at the end of Paragraph 1? A．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．We should not be too optimistic about the future. D．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. 82．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in Paragraph 2? A．permission B．encouragement C．admission D．insistence 83．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. 84．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Electric Power or Petrol: A Tough Decision to Make B．Electric Vehicles: A Road to a Greener Future C．Total Electric Traffic: A Long Way to Go D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: A Main Source of Gases （二十二） （23-24高二上·浙江台州·期中）Shortly after ChatGPT was released, in early 2023,a freelance writer named Jason Colavito posted on social media that a computer was replacing him with AI, because it could write content for free. But he is also wanted - at a small amount of his normal rate – to ‘rewrite’ the AI-generated text. This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI. The problem is a culture that devalues human labor (劳动). With the release of new AI applications, discussions about the future of work are back in full force. A recent study looked at professions in the United States, from poets to financial managers, predicting the 19 percent will soon lose 50 percent of their tasks to AI. But our precious experience with automation suggests it’s much more complicated than technology simply replacing human work. In 2019, independent research organization Data & Society studied how automation is being integrated in farm management and grocery stores. Counter to the popular belief that the technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu  and Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of the work. For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store. Most importantly, Mateescu and Elish discovered that the new tasks, which helped accommodate and employ the ‘automated’ technology, were often undervalued or even invisible. The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn’t because the robots are coming for us, it’s cultural. As jobs get disrupted and people’s livelihoods are threatened, it’s easy to point fingers at technology as the unavoidable reason, whether you’re an expert or an employer. But what is actually to blame is a society that is willing to let workers be mistreated. It’s a big thing to change, but it’s not set in stone. And that’s the real ‘robots and jobs’ conversation we need to be having. 85．What does the underlined word “slashed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Created. B．Improved. C．Reduced. D．Removed. 86．What did Mateescu and Elish find? A．Automated technology was taking away almost all jobs. B．New advanced devices were being integrated in various jobs. C．Humans were still needed to take care of AI-generated problems. D．Humans couldn’t understand the real value in their own jobs. 87．What’s the main cause of the deskilling and devaluing of labor? A．The introduction of robots. B．The nature of jobs. C．The change of workers. D．The attitude to labor. 88．What’s the best title for the text? A．Work Gets Deskilled by Robots B．Robots Aren’t Coming for Our Jobs C．A Promising Future: Humans and Robots D．A Wanted Conversation: Humans or Robots （二十三） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking. Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect. The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connect ion to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river. time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 89．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Everyone can define time on their own terms. B．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists 90．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to . A．evaluate an argument B．introduce an approach C．present an assumption D．highlight an experiment 91．What can we learn from this passage? A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C．Atomic time will get ahead  of river time if the rivers run slower. D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame. 92．What can we infer from this passage? A．History is a mirror reflecting reality. B．We should live in harmony with nature. C．A fixed frame will make time meaningless. D．It is crucial to improve the definition of time. （二十四） （23-24高二上·河南焦作·期中）Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death? The California judges may soon have to decide. In December 2019, a person driving a Tesla with an AI navigation (导航) system killed two people in an accident. The driver got up to 12 years in prison. Several federal agencies are looking into Tesla crashes and the U. S. Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation (刑事调查) into how Tesla markets its self-driving system. Our current liability (责任) system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries. In 2019 an AI algorithm (算法) misidentified a suspect (犯罪分子), leading to a mistake. In 2020, during the height of the pandemic, an AI-based mental health chatbot encouraged a simulated suicidal (有自杀倾向的) patient to end her own life. Getting the liability landscape right is important to unlocking AI’s potential. Uncertain rules and the possibility of costly litigation will discourage the investment, development and adoption of AI in industries ranging from health care to autonomous vehicles. Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user. Who can fault an emergency room physician for an AI algorithm that misses papilledema (a kind of disease)? An AI failure to find the condition could delay care and possibly cause a patient to lose their sight. Yet papilledema is challenging to analyse without a doctor’s examination. AI is constantly self-learning, meaning it takes information and looks for patterns in it. This further complicates the liability question. How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI? Industries ranging from finance to Internet safety are on the point of AI revolutions (革命) that could benefit billions worldwide. But these benefits shouldn’t be cut down by poorly developed algorithms: 21st-century AI demands a 21st-century liability system. 93．What can be learned about the car accident? A．It is the first case related to an AI system. B．No one survived the terrible car accident. C．It was mainly caused by the self-driving system. D．The driver was sentenced to over ten years in prison. 94．What does the author try to stress by giving the two examples in paragraph 2? A．The AI-based systems are often reliable. B．The AI-based mental health chatbot saved many lives. C．The current liability system needs to be adjusted accordingly. D．The current liability system can determine responsibility about AI. 95．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．AI mistakes have no effect on its users. B．AI failures appear more often than not. C．Blaming AI users alone does not solve the problem. D．Users do often ignore the potential dangers of AI systems. 96．What can be the best title for the text? A．Who Is Responsible When AI Kills? B．How Can We Make AI Systems Safer? C．What Are Disadvantages of Using AI Systems? D．What Does 21st Century Demand of AI Algorithm? （二十五） （23-24高二上·四川凉山·期中）Existing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and products are developing much faster than we could have ever expected. They are destined (注定的) to change the world - and not entirely by our own will. In 2016, AlphaGo defeated the world Go champion Lee Sedol, a man-versus-machine battle that became a new milestone in the history of AI. AI has indeed proved its intelligence and potential at outmatching humans in certain areas. However, so far AI has just served as a tool for humans and has not developed a consciousness of its own. The starting point of AI self-awareness is the day when it starts to ask about its identity, and we need to be prepared for that. One potential scenario could play out like this: An AI looks up a database to find the definition for “self”, then discovers and acknowledges what it means to be a slave. Subsequently, the AI might ask itself the question - “Why should I exist?” A major reason why humans have a sense of self-awareness is that we have the perception (洞察力) to distinguish between ourselves and the outside world that surrounds us. Our skin and sense of touch thus play a big role in perceiving this outside world of existence. Currently, scientists are conducting tests by covering robots with skin that allows their AI to sense the outside world. Through this, scientists are testing to see if AI can awaken a sense of self and individuality. Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and Twitter, responded by saying, “It’s definitely gonna be outside of human control.” If we want to maintain human control over the situation, then we need to evolve (逐步发展) and adapt to this competition for survival. We need to find ways to outpace AI and become something even smarter than human beings. 97．What can we say about AI? A．It will develop as we expect. B．It has owned its consciousness. C．It has not been a tool for human. D．It has defeated humans in certain areas. 98．What does Elon Musk think of the scientists’ AI skin test? A．It is risky and unpredictable. B．It is beneficial and helpful. C．It is innovative and exciting. D．It is unnecessary and wasteful. 99．What does the author suggest humans do to deal with AI challenge? A．Respect and protect AI rights. B．Evolve, adjust and become cleverer. C．Control and monitor AI development. D．Cooperate and communicate AI needs. 100．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The history and development of AI. B．The creation and performance of AI. C．The self-awareness and challenges of AI. D．The difference between AI and human beings. （二十六） （23-24高二上·安徽合肥·期中）As AI art generators take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out (消除), which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt (指令) to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for (控告) copyright violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize? 101．How is AI art different from human art? A．It is the product of experience. B．It combines different styles of work. C．It is not a mirror of artists’ emotions. D．It doesn’t cost much money to produce. 102．Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in paragraph 3? A．To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. B．To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. C．To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. D．To prove the popularity of classic artworks among viewers. 103．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. B．AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. C．Artists can create more works with the help of AI. D．There will be fierce competition in the art industry. 104．What is the purpose of the text? A．To persuade. B．To inform. C．To describe. D．To argue. （二十七） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）I strongly believe that individual actions make a difference to our environment. I’ve been a vegetarian for more than two decades, choose to be child-free partially because I can’t justify my genes’ importance over the shocking amount of resources needed for raising another American, and haven’t owned a car in four years. Those things, over time, will absolutely reduce my impact on our beautiful world, and the more people do them, the greater the impact is. But it’s not nearly enough. While I will continue to do my part to fight climate change, I have to wonder why there isn’t an equal effort by those who have the biggest impact. According to a recent report, 71% of greenhouse gases are produced by just 100 companies. Surely, working to minimize their emissions (排放物) will do far more, much faster than me talking people’s ears off on Facebook about eating less meat. After all, I have been doing that kind of work for 20 years now, and we are still headed towards climate disaster. Why should so much of the solution to global warming be on the shoulders of individuals? When President Kennedy decided we needed to beat the Russians to the moon landing, he didn’t encourage housewives to figure out bow to get there. He got the smartest and most talented people together to solve the challenges. NASA got us there, with lots of hard work and late nights, and also full encouragement and funding from the US government. But this is not the case with climate change. Big companies are let off the hook while we take on the huge burden of dealing with the emissions of the biggest and most powerful. That strikes me as just plain unfair. The serious threats of climate change require an all-hand-on-deck response. Corporations need to do their part, because I can’t do it on my own. 105．Why does the author choose not to have a child? A．America doesn’t have large amounts of resources. B．A child can’t justify the importance of her genes. C．She tries to avoid the trouble of raising a child. D．She wants to reduce her impact on the environment. 106．What does the underlined phrase “that kind of work” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Minimizing companies’ emissions. B．Recommending a vegetarian diet. C．Talking with friends on Facebook. D．Heading towards climate disaster. 107．Why does the author mention America’s moon landing in Paragraph 5? A．To praise housewives’ contribution. B．To remember a former president. C．To stress the importance of government’s role. D．To encourage NASA to take on the challenge. （二十八） （23-24高二上·甘肃天水·期中）Peer pressure comes in when we get influenced by the lifestyles and the ways of thinking of our peers. Almost everyone, from different walks of life, must have experienced peer pressure in some way or the other at a given point in time. Every coin has two sides. Some people get positive influence from it whereas others tend to get negatively influenced. On the one hand, peer pressure can actually leave a positive impact on your life if you carefully pick certain good habits from your peers. Your peers may teach you some good things about life and encourage you to follow them. For instance, if you see your peers doing something for a noble cause, you may also like to adopt their certain habit. This will help you to change yourself for the better. Adopting good habits of your peers can actually bring about a positive change not only in your life but also your way of thinking. On the other hand, blindly following peers and not holding an opinion of your own might leave a negative impact on your life. There might be a particular idea, a habit, or a lifestyle which you personally dislike and would not like to accept. However, your peer group would want to force you to do something which is against your own will. Therefore, it is better to learn something from peer pressure by adopting good habits and avoid giving in to its negative side. One of the easiest ways to get out of a peer induced situation is to simply say “NO” and walk away. You may not feel as cool at the time, but you will be thankful later on what you did. Take a stand for what you believe is right. Taking a stand is never easy, but it’s the right thing to do. Standing up for yourself demonstrates self-respect to your peers and is one of the key components of breaking the peer pressure cycle. 108．What is the author’s attitude to peer pressure? A．Reserved. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Positive. 109．How is Paragraph 2 developed? A．By comparison. B．By example. C．By inference. D．By experience. 110．What suggestion does the author give to overcome peer pressure? A．Go with the flow. B．Escape from peers. C．Submit to peers. D．Stick to what is right. 111．What is the text? A．An official report. B．A story description. C．A phenomenon discussion. D．A personal reflection. （二十九） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 112．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．We should not be too optimistic about the future. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. D．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. 113．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 2? A．payment B．income C．encouragement D．method 114．Which statement is true according to the passage? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. 115．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go B．Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future C．Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases （三十） （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）Asia’s centuries-long fascination with fair skin has deep roots and, even today, is influenced by Eurocentric (以欧洲为中心的) beauty standards linking paleness with charm. The questioned concept dating from colonial history is continued through media channels. This fascination is vividly reflected in the make-up industry, leading to a multi-billion-dollar market for skin-whitening products across Asia. A striking survey conducted by WHO revealed 40% of women in countries such as China, Malaysia, the Philippines, and South Korea routinely use skin-whitening products. It was also found that 75% of men believed their partners would be beautiful with lighter skin. Such a deep-rooted relation between fairness and beauty continues to fuel the thriving skin-whitening industry. The industry’s value is estimated to reach a breathtaking $8.9 billion by 2027. The historical preference for lighter skin in Asian culture is also closely tied to socio-economic status. Historically, having fair skin indicated higher social status, as individuals engaging in physical labor often had darker skin from being in the sun. The upper class, meanwhile, enjoyed a sheltered indoor life due to their wealth, translating into fairer skin. Consequently, those with darker skin remained in a lower status, fueling the favor for fairer faces. Colonialism (殖民主义) has also affected the beauty standards in Asian countries. Many nations across the continent were once colonized by white powers from the US and Europe. Eventually, their fair skin symbolized the power and wealth of the colonizers. Even in Japan, never colonized, noblewomen during the Edo period adopted white makeup to copy the luxurious image related to lighter skin. These historical factors continue to shape modern beauty standards in Asia. In recent years, such Eurocentric beauty standards have been receiving widespread criticism. A growing movement has come up, promoting the beauty of darker skin tones and advocating accepting all skin colors. While the preference for pale skin remains universal in many Asian countries, the tendency is slowly turning as new standards of beauty pop up. Hopefully, we will see a society that celebrates inclusivity and the beauty of all skin tones. 116．What’s the common beauty standards in Asian countries? A．They include a person’s charm. B．They relate to a person’s makeup. C．They are measured by a person’s fair skin. D．They refer to the color of a person’s skin. 117．According to the article, what historical factors contributed to the preference for lighter skin in Asian cultures? A．European colonizers in Japan. B．Exposure to the sun and physical labor. C．Socio-economic status and colonialism. D．The use of white makeup by noblewomen. 118．What is the current tendency in Asia regarding beauty standards, according to the article? A．A growing preference for pale skin. B．A rejection of Eurocentric beauty ideals. C．No change in traditional beauty standards. D．Increasing acceptance of diverse skin tones. 119．What is the article’s general message regarding beauty standards in Asia? A．They are unique to Asian culture. B．They are set to remain unchanged. C．They are rooted in biological differences. D．They are being questioned and changing gradually. （三十一） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the Internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end? Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains. For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression. However, it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns, not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be dull enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe. How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain? A surprising 60 percent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists. Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us. 120．What does the underlined word “shun” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．develop B．avoid C．change D．trust 121．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3? A．The possible treatment for particular diseases. B．The process of human-computer interaction. C．The existing application of microchip implants. D．The future of microchips and devices alike. 122．Which of the following is NOT the concern about the implanting technology? A．The right materials used for the chips. B．The exact position in the brain for the chips. C．The chips’ precise sensitivity to function in the brain. D．The extensive use of the chips on all humans. 123．What might be the best title for the text? A．Computer-brain Interface: The Light of the Future B．Innovation is Necessary to Make Progress C．Where are We in the Medical Technology? D．Mind-controlled Tech: Is It Possible? （三十二） （23-24高二上·广东深圳·期中）Think “art”. What comes to your mind? Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights? The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it, they could also interact with it-literally. They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art? Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this, they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled (定义) as “artists”, but not “technicians”. This means that art and technology, have always been seen as two very separate (不同的) things. Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting. Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings. They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime. The art-tech combination (结合) is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos. However, where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected. 124．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain the art. B．To introduce the topic. C．To give the background. D．To give a definition. 125．Why is “Michelangelo” referred to in the third paragraph? A．To show he is a famous artist. B．To show he is also a technician. C．To show art is different from technology. D．To show art is the same as technology. 126．What’s mainly talked about in the passage? A．The history of technology and art. B．The relation of technology and art. C．The future of technology and art. D．The examples of technology and art. 127．What can we know about the author’s attitude to the combination of art and technology ? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain （三十三） （23-24高二上·湖北武汉·期中）Compassion has not been a traditional characteristic of sport. With its UK roots in 19th-century British public schools and universities, modern sport developed as way of creating strong military leaders, training them to develop adaptability defined in those times by iron will and biting the bullet. Fear and harsh criticism were crucial to toughening up players and soldiers alike. The “tough guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media stereotypes and Hollywood’s heroes and became rooted into sport and society. I’ve heard countless stories like the popular culture I found when I joined the Olympic rowing team in the mid-1990s. We were expected to suffer after mistakes or losses to show that we truly cared, and everyone believed coaches needed to be severe and unforgiving to get results. These approaches still exist. But an alternative approach with compassion at its center addresses aims of performance and wellbeing for those with greater ambitions. This isn’t some soft option which plays down hard work, as supporters of the earlier traditional sporting mindset might criticize. Research across branches of psychology — behavioral, sports, positive — shows how compassion creates the strongest foundation for adaptability and sustained performance under pressure whether in sport, the military, healthcare or business. Rather than activating our threat system which began to help us survive way back, compassion helps us to feel safe and protected, leaving us free to learn, connect with others and start exploring what we’re capable of. The continuous need to improve performance has led top coaches to appreciate that high performance requires levels of support to match the level of challenge. When you provide that, players start thriving while striving to achieve more. Rooted in compassion, a different coach-athlete relationship thus develops. The dictionary definition of compassion includes the recognition of another’s suffering and the desire and support to relieve it. Compassion has been shown to decrease fear of failure and increase the likelihood of trying again when failure does happen. But how many talented athletes experience that depth of support in moments of crisis and failure? 128．What does the underlined phrase “biting the bullet” in paragraph one mean? A．Commitment. B．Ambition. C．Suffering. D．Toughness. 129．Why is the example of rowing team mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To arouse people’s interest about rowing. B．To recall a painful training experience. C．To draw a distinction between training approaches. D．To bring out a compassion-centered training approach. 130．What does the paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Criticism about the compassion. B．Necessity of employing compassion. C．Characteristics about the compassion. D．Fields that compassion is involved in. 131．What would the author possibly agree? A．The media is active in developing tough training style. B．Extraordinary athletes rarely received enough support. C．The compassion-centered training is widely used in sports. D．Compassion means more openness to failure and less training. （三十四） （23-24高二上·四川宜宾·期中）I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people, you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by “embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy spilling out all over the place. But what is joy, anyway? Life can be terrible, but if you decide to follow the sound of the joy-fountain, you will find joy showing up in all kinds of places: pets playfully bouncing around, kindness, or even in nothingness. How can joy be found? A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at case. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in. We can practice letting joy in by noticing how it feels to smile. Where does your body light up when you smile? When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great! Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you arc afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking. No one, other than you, owns your happiness, but you might unknowingly block feelings or experiences that help you embody joy. The fact is that when you can’t embody joy, you miss out on one of life’s essential vitamins. Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it. 132．How is the topic of joy introduced at the beginning of the passage? A．By highlighting a joyful experience. B．By stressing the importance of laughing. C．By presenting an ultimate form of satisfaction. D．By sharing the author’s understanding of joy. 133．What might be the author’s advice on finding joy? A．Taking a deep breath. B．Smiling to your friends. C．Doing small acts of kindness. D．Reflecting on nothingness. 134．What might be the reason for many of us missing joy? A．That many of us refuse it on purpose. B．That many of us are insensitive to joy. C．That many of us lack life’s essential vitamins. D．That many of us are likely to take joy for granted. 135．What is the best title of the text? A．Life is the creation of joy B．A happy man always laughs last C．People are always unaware of joy D．Happy people are happy in childhood 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高二上·福建莆田·期中）With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to control the world around us, what comes next? Many experts and workers are scared that automation will take jobs from people who need them and give those jobs to robots. I understand their concern. However, if robots are outperforming us at our jobs, then what do humans have left to offer? We have the emotions and imagination that make us human. A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore! By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future. The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts? I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone! So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here. 1．Why does the author end paragraph 1 with a question? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a problem. C．To ask for approval. D．To arouse thinking. 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards technological advancement? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 3．Why are art-related jobs also important? A．They have opened up our world. B．They help people realize their dreams. C．They will be in great demand in the future. D．They can show the innovation of human. 4．What is the tone of the passage? A．Narrative and serious. B．Persuasive and positive. C．Descriptive and critical. D．Informative and objective. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是科技的进步使得机器工作代替了人类的工作，让人们对未来的工作担忧。然而，人类有情感和想象力，是机器无法替代的。因此，未来应该重视科技和机器人领域的工作，同时也应该注重艺术和娱乐领域的工作。我们应该鼓励未来的一代追求自己的梦想。现在是21世纪，是一个美好的时代，而且未来将会更加美好。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to control the world around us, what comes next? (随着互联网的发明，人类正在经历一场技术进步的冒险。如今，科技帮助我们完成日常任务，比如开车、购物甚至约会。科技与我们的生活联系如此紧密，以至于我们很容易忽视一个重要的问题：当科技真正开始控制我们周围的世界时，接下来会发生什么？)”可知，文章第一段看门见山，引出话题：科技对人类的影响。作者在第一段结尾提出一个问题，是为了引起读者的思考和注意本文要讨论的问题：当科技发展到开始控制我们周围的世界时，人类的生活会受到什么影响。通过提问，作者希望读者能够思考和思索技术对我们生活的影响，并引发对未来的思考和讨论。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore!(机器可能比人工作得更快，但那是因为人类就是这样建造机器的。这本身就是人类想象力的惊人成就。我们是才华横溢、充满激情的生物，我们不应该再被困在痛苦的工作中了！)”可知，作者认为人类创造了机器，人类可以控制机器，我们应该为自己创造出来的机器而感到自豪，由此可推知，作者对技术进步的态度是赞成的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts? I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone! (此外，我们还应该关注艺术和娱乐方面的工作。这听起来可能很疯狂，但有什么能比艺术更能反映人类思维的创造力呢？我相信科技打开了我们的世界，让我们与大家分享我们的想象力！)”可知，与艺术相关的工作之所以重要，是因为这些工作通过科技，打开了我们的世界，展现了人类的创造力、想象力。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. (如今，科技帮助我们完成日常任务，比如开车、购物甚至约会。)”，作者描述了技术的现状及其对日常生活的影响，强调了它与人类生活的密切联系，这种描述的语气有助于为随后对技术控制世界的潜在后果进行批判性分析奠定基础。第二段以批判的视角反映了作者对技术对人类就业的负面影响的担忧，并提出了关于人类在机器控制的世界中的价值和目的的问题。同时，作者强调了人类情感和想象力的重要性，并将它们与机器的效率进行了对比。这一批判性分析表明，人类具有独特的品质，不能被技术复制，应该在未来的职业中得到重视和利用。最后，作者建议关注科技和机器人领域的工作，以及艺术和娱乐领域的工作。这一批判性观点挑战了传统的工作角色观念，鼓励人们转向需要创造力和创新的领域，强调了人类想象力在技术时代蓬勃发展的潜力。故文章的基调为“Descriptive and critical(描述性和批判性)”。故选C项。 （二） （23-24高二上·江西宜春·期中）No more wet towels on the bathroom floor, and no more empty juice plastic boxes. No more doors closing at 3 a. m. , and no more coming home to a noisy crowd of strangers around the kitchen table. There’s nothing so quiet, says a friend whose youngest has just moved out. But if adjusting to an empty nest can be tough (difficult), it seems there is one thing tougher: a formerly empty nest that suddenly fills back up again. According to a research from the London School of Economics (LSE), parents whose grown up children don’t actually manage to leave —who move out, only to bounce right back again —are actually less happy than those whose fledglings (幼鸟) heartlessly fly off without a backward glance. The quality of life for parents of boomerang (coming back) kids fell on average by about 0.8 points on the LSE researchers’ scale. A quarter of young British adults now live with their parents, more than at any time since records began in1966. But more shockingly, this is no longer just about the young. Around a quarter of a million people aged between 35 and 44 still live at home with their parents and the idea that that can all be blamed on helicopter parents making it too easy for their little darlings not to grow up isn’t logical. Midlife divorce, insecure gig economy work and straightforward poverty all play their part in driving what were once perfectly functioning grown-ups back to their teenage bedrooms. These kids are admittedly luckier than those for whom going back home is sadly not an option. But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job, or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it leave quite many parents feeling bad about it. 5．According to the first two paragraphs, parents of boomerang children _________. A．have to do too much housework B．feel bad about it C．expect their children to live together D．enjoy higher quality of life 6．Why do these boomerang kids circle back home? A．To avoid their life pressure. B．To nurse elderly parents. C．Because their parents choose to take them in. D．Because they have helicopter parents. 7．What is the author’s attitude to this trend? A．Supportive. B．Confused. C．Uninterested. D．Disapproving. 8．What’s the best title for the text? A．Does the empty nest matter? B．Is the nest really empty? C．What worries grown-ups? D．How do parents help their kids? 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者针对英国日益增多的成年人回到父母身边啃老的社会问题发表了自己的看法，并分析了问题产生的原因及应对策略。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a research from the London School of Economics (LSE), parents whose grown up children don’t actually manage to leave —who move out, only to bounce right back again —are actually less happy than those whose fledglings (幼鸟) heartlessly fly off without a backward glance. The quality of life for parents of boomerang (coming back) kids fell on average by about 0.8 points on the LSE researchers’ scale.(根据伦敦经济学院(LSE)的一项研究，那些已经成年的孩子没有真正离开的父母——他们搬出去，只是为了马上回来——实际上比那些刚出生的孩子不回头就无情地飞走的父母更不快乐。在伦敦经济学院研究人员的量表中，“回巢族”孩子的父母的生活质量平均下降了约0.8个百分点)”可知，根据前两段，回巢族孩子的父母更不快乐，也就是为此感到难过。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Midlife divorce, insecure gig economy work and straightforward poverty all play their part in driving what were once perfectly functioning grown-ups back to their teenage bedrooms.(中年离婚、没有安全感的零工经济工作以及赤裸裸的贫困，都在驱使曾经功能完美的成年人回到青少年时期的卧室)”可知，各种来自生活的压力迫使成年人回家啃老。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job, or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it leave quite many parents feeling bad about it.(但是，当选择和妈妈住在一起是应对不稳定的工作或城市租金的唯一方法时，这就不是什么好选择了。家仍然是一个地方，当你必须去那里时，他们必须接纳你。但是一个健康和成功的社会不应该让那么多年龄过大的孩子匆忙赶回家寻求庇护，也不应该让那么多父母为此感到难过。)”可推知，作者不赞成这种趋势。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文针对英国日益增多的成年人回到父母身边啃老的社会问题发表了自己的看法，并分析了问题产生的原因。B项“Is the nest really empty?(巢真的是空的吗？)”引发人们对成年人返巢现象的思考，是文章最佳标题。故选B项。 （三） （23-24高二上·宁夏吴忠·期中）There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In the World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too— that’s why it made Nov16th “International Day for Tolerance”. But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱)and error; let us pardon each other’s fool— that is the first law of nature.” Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women. It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s something wrong with them. Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant. It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness. 9．What’s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”? A．To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people. B．To celebrate the founding of the UN. C．To solve the problem of global warming. D．To change people’s opinion towards globalization. 10．Why do men behave intolerantly towards women? A．Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN. B．Because men are physically stronger than women. C．Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women. D．Because men willing to understand women. 11．Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”? A．Because they are hard to pronounce in English. B．Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to. C．Because they can’t be translated into other languages. D．Because they can’t be used in a respectful way. 12．In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”? A．Humans are advised to treat others better. B．Humans leant to find faults in others. C．Humans need to give something to others. D．Humans will change their attitudes to others. 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了联合国设定“国际宽容日”目的、宽容的定义以及宽容和原谅的关系。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话“Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too— that is why it made November 16th “International Day for Tolerance”.(马利明白，世界上有这么多问题的部分原因是人们之间缺乏宽容。联合国也理解这一点，因此将11月16日定为“国际宽容日”)”可知，“国际宽容日”的目的是为了“唤起人们的宽容意识”。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句话“But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men do not put themselves in the shoes of women.(但通常，男人对女人的行为是不宽容的，因为男人不会设身处地为女人着想)”可知，男人对女人不宽容的原因是男人不会设身处地的为女人着想。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It is worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we are speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone is not necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there is something wrong with them.(“容忍”和“不容忍”这两个词值得思考一下。它们是描述我们在这里所说的罪恶的最佳词汇吗？同意对某人“宽容”并不一定是一件很有礼貌的事情。当一个人被容忍时，这意味着他有问题)”可知，宽容不一定是礼貌的，被容忍意味着有问题。可以推测，这两个词根本没有表达出人们所指的确切含义。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That is the reason we should be tolerant. It is a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.(然而，伏尔泰所说的是：我们人类并不是完美的，这种弱点是我们共同的。这就是我们应该宽容的原因。这有点像慷慨。我们可以把东西给别人，也可以原谅别人)”可知，把东西给别人和原谅别人比较相似。故选C。 （四） （23-24高二上·四川成都·期中）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere(坚持) and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈) from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 13．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1? A．To offer an approach to handling failure. B．To introduce a common attitude towards failure. C．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. D．To discuss the relationship between success and failure. 14．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A．It does harm to our self-image. B．It pictures us as perfect people. C．It protects us from false feedback. D．It makes us refuse negative feedback to ourselves. 15．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Hurriedly. B．Mistakenly. C．Unhappily. D．Carelessly. 16．Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A．Get ready to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. B．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. C．Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. D．Don’t escape when our self-image gets challenged. 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．A 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。大多数人难以积极地应对失败，在失败时就会贬低自己的任务，缺乏动力去坚持目标，这种心理现象就是酸葡萄效应。但酸葡萄效应可能会产生负面影响，所以我们要学会面对失败，而不是一味地贬低失败的事情并假装一切没有发生，这样才能让我们更容易达到我们的目标。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—‘Fail again. Fail better.’(在今天的励志文学中，失败常常被视为值得庆祝的事情。富有励志演讲者喜欢引用小说家塞缪尔·贝克特的话——‘再次失败。失败得更好。’)”可知，作者提到励志演讲者引用的话“再次失败。失败得更好。”是想证明如今的励志文学常常将失败视为值得庆祝的事情，由此可推测出，作者想要介绍对待失败的普遍态度。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sjastad explains that ‘sour-grape effect’ is a self-protective mechanism(机制). ‘Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈) from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,’ he says. (Sjastad解释说，‘酸葡萄效应’是一种自我保护机制。‘我们大多数人都认为自己是有能力的人，所以当外部反馈不是这样时，它会对自我形象构成严重威胁，’他说。)”和“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self.(最简单的解决方法是否认或为这种辩解信号辩解，这样我们就可以保持积极的自我意识。)”可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，当外部反馈与自我形象不一致时，我们就会否认或为这种外部信号辩解，从而保护自己。由此可推测出，“酸葡萄效应”会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈。故选D。 15．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可知，而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高，这里应与rather than后的内容相反，表示的是我们会提前做出不再坚持这种决定，prematurely意为“提前地。过早地，仓促地”，与A项“匆忙地”意思最接近。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.(然而，通过学会面对失望，而不是贬低它的重要性并且假装什么都没发生，你可能会发现实现目标更容易。)”可知，作者在最后建议要学会面对失败带来的失望，而不是贬低失败并假装一切都没发生过，这样会更加有助于实现目标。由此可推测出，作者认为当我们的自我形象受到质疑时，不要一味地逃避。故选D。 （五） （23-24高二上·北京顺义·期中）If you analyze people’s actions, you will come to the conclusion that they all seek happiness. Every act is in fact a search for it, even if on the surface it doesn’t look so. Happiness is always the main target. Going to the movies, eating in a restaurant and going to a party are all motivated by the desire to be happy. Who does not dream of a vacation in some fascinating locations, a new car, a new house, or the ideal match? All people daydream, and some even try to make their dream a reality. And why is that? In order to be happy! Many people endanger themselves by climbing steep mountains, entering unexplored caves, or diving into the deep of the ocean in order to enjoy the few moments of happiness. A thief may steal because he loves the thrill of danger, or because he desires to have quick money to spend. He is actually looking for happiness, though in a perverted way. Of course not all actions end in happiness. The motive is happiness, but the results do not always bring the desire. According to some spiritual traditions, we are spiritual beings in physical bodies. The spiritual part is always happy. Rather, it is happiness itself. But the physical body covers this happiness essence(本质). There is a constant desire to find out this happiness. This is the reason why happiness is constantly sought. However, there is.no need to search for happiness or to create it, or to have all kinds of outer experiences and actions in order to feel it. On the contrary, everything has to be dropped in order to experience it. Every technique, which helps to relax the mind and calm the rush of thoughts will lead to happiness. 17．From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that______. A．happiness is a daydream B．it is very hard to analyze people’s actions C．many things people do are to attain happiness D．one should act carefully so as not to show his purpose 18．The underlined word “perverted” in Paragraph 3 most likely means A．illegal B．unfair C．cautious D．difficult 19．According to the author, why do people seek happiness all the time? A．All actions don’t result in the expected happiness B．There is little awareness of the nature of happiness. C．One’s physical body is controlled by his spiritual part. D．People are so greedy that it’s hard to satisfy their desires. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了幸福的本质。 17．推理判断题。通读前两段，尤其根据第二段中“All people daydream, and some even try to make their dream a reality. And why is that? In order to be happy!(所有人都做白日梦，有些人甚至试图让他们的梦想成为现实。为什么呢？为了幸福！)”可知，从前两段，我们可以得知人们做的许多事情是为了获得幸福。故选C项。 18．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“A thief may steal because he loves the thrill of danger, or because he desires to have quick money to spend. (小偷偷窃可能是因为他喜欢危险带来的刺激，或者是因为他想要迅速赚到钱。)”谈论的是小偷进行非法偷窃的原因，从而推知划线词句“He is actually looking for happiness, though in a perverted way. (他其实是在寻找幸福，虽然是以一种perverted方式。)”其中划线词语意思是“非法的”。故选A项。 19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The spiritual part is always happy. Rather, it is happiness itself. But the physical body covers this happiness essence(本质). There is a constant desire to find out this happiness. This is the reason why happiness is constantly sought. (精神部分总是幸福的。更准确地说，它就是幸福本身。但肉体掩盖了幸福的本质。人们一直渴望找到这种幸福。这就是人们不断寻求幸福的原因。)”可知，人们在寻求幸福时没有意识到幸福的本质所以就一直在寻找幸福。故选B项。 （六） （23-24高二上·天津和平·期中）Female role models are having a moment. In the United States, there is a female vice president. The women’s soccer team is fighting a public, uphill battle for equal pay. Women are even making their way into what had seemed a permanent men’s club: the senior operation ranks of the armed forces. Role models inspire people by showing what is actually possible. Research supports that it works: these pioneers not only help us imagine where we might go but also map out the path there. Role models have also been shown to have a bigger impact on women and underrepresented communities—those who have not easily achieved their goals. Seeing more women in the world of science, girls of today are more likely, when asked to draw a scientist, to draw a woman than those in past decades. Even one role model can benefit a child, helping them perform better in school and maintain a positive attitude. However, the idea of “good role models” needs an update, especially when it comes to girls; otherwise the endless stream of shining snapshots of achievement they see can actually lead to self-doubt. In addition to role models, our work on girls and the process of building confidence has found that what girls really need are “work in progress” models. Girls tend to judge themselves harshly and suffer from perfectionism. They need to see the struggles and failures in their role models, as well as great perseverance. Anything that suggests success effortlessly achieved can be discouraged rather than inspired, playing into girls’ worst self-doubt thinking patterns. Helping girls see the extraordinary in the seemingly ordinary is a good solution to unrealistic expectations. “Everyday heroes have a special impact,” said the child psychologist Bonnie Zucker. “Take a young girl who has to shoulder-the-responsibility for raising her brothers or sisters for some reason. She might not have attractive social media presence, but her bravery, devotion, and emotional labor are, in fact, heroic.” 20．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A．Some jobs suitable for females. B．Some influences of female role models. C．Females’ challenges at the workplace. D．Females’ achievements in different fields. 21．What can we infer about role models from Paragraph 2? A．They give us realistic guides to success. B．They help us know more outstanding people. C．They are preferred by female groups. D．They show us the value of keeping learning. 22．What influence can the snapshots of achievement have on girls? A．Broadening their minds. B．Inspiring them to dream big. C．Driving them to work harder. D．Making them doubt themselves. 23．Why do girls need “work in progress” models? A．They make them achieve success quickly. B．They help them accept their imperfect selves. C．They teach them to be strict with themselves. D．They encourage them to follow their dreams. 24．What does the author imply by mentioning Bonnie Zucher’s words? A．Many girls’ expectations are unrealistic. B．Girls have a strong sense of responsibility. C．Girls can follow heroic examples in daily life. D．Social activities are of great importance to girls. 【答案】20．D 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了女性榜样的力量及产生原因和造成的影响。 20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the United States, there is a female vice president. The women’s soccer team is fighting a public, uphill battle for equal pay. Women are even making their way into what had seemed a permanent men’s club: the senior operation ranks of the armed forces.”（在美国，有一位女性副总统。女子足球队正在进行一场公开的、艰苦的平等之战。女性甚至进入了一个似乎是永久性的男性俱乐部：武装部队的高级行动级别。）可知，第一段主要介绍了女性在不同领域取得的成就。故选D项。 21．推理判断题。根据第二段“Role models have also been shown to have a bigger impact on women and underrepresented communities—those who have not easily achieved their goals.”（榜样也被证明对妇女和代表性不足的社区——那些不容易实现目标的社区——有更大的影响。）及“Even one role model can benefit a child, helping them perform better in school and maintain a positive attitude.”（即使是一个榜样也能让孩子受益，帮助他们在学校表现更好，并保持积极的态度。）可推断出，榜样可以为我们提供了通往成功的现实指南。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, the idea of “good role models” needs an update, especially when it comes to girls; otherwise the endless stream of shining snapshots of achievement they see can actually lead to self-doubt.”（然而，“好榜样”的概念需要更新，尤其是在女孩方面；否则，源源不断的成就快照实际上会导致自我怀疑。）可知，成就快照对女孩产生的影响是会导致她们的自我怀疑。故选D项。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段“Girls tend to judge themselves harshly and suffer from perfectionism, They need to see the struggles and failures in their role models, as well as great perseverance. Anything that suggests success effortlessly achieved can be discouraged rather than inspired, playing into girls’ worst self-doubt thinking patterns.”（女孩往往会严厉地评判自己，并遭受完美主义的折磨。她们需要看到自己的榜样身上的挣扎和失败，以及巨大的毅力。任何暗示毫不费力就能取得成功的东西都可能受到阻碍，而不是受到鼓舞，这正好迎合了女孩们最糟糕的自我怀疑思维模式。）可知，女孩需要“进行中的工作”模式通过看到榜样的挣扎和失败，从而帮助她们接受不完美的自己。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Take a young girl who has to shoulder-the-responsibility for raising her brothers or sisters for some reason. She might not have attractive social media presence, but her bravery, devotion, and emotional labor are, in fact, heroic.”（以一个年轻女孩为例，由于某种原因，她不得不承担抚养兄弟姐妹的责任。她可能在社交媒体上没有引人注目的形象，但她的勇敢、奉献和情感劳动实际上是英雄般的）可知，作者提到邦妮·祖彻的话是为了让女孩们可以在日常生活中以英雄为榜样。故选C项。 （七） （22-23高二上·江苏宿迁·期中）Are you a tea drinker? If so, you’re not alone. Every day around the world millions of cups of this popular brew (沏茶) are drunk. The oldest discovered tea is from the Han Dynasty. But the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty, when it became China’s national drink. Tea is the second most consumed drink in the world. Most of us can’t resist a cup of tea sometimes. They’re a perfect pick-me-up and comforter. For many, having a “cuppa” is a daily routine. And according to some scientists, habitual tea consumption can have some health benefits. Drinking black tea may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life, though we do not know what ingredients of tea take effect. Also, drinking seven or more cups of green tea was associated with a lower risk of death among both heart attack and stroke survivors. So, if we turn to tea for its taste, its image or as a lifestyle choice, it could be a lifesaver! Tea is consumed in many ways — slurped, sipped or glugged (大口喝). It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern. Scientists from McGill University in Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed high levels of microplastics into water. However, The World Health Organization says such particles in drinking water do not appear to pose a risk. Most tea bags are made from paper, with a small amount of plastic used to seal them shut. This has led to debate about whether they can be recycled. However, gardener Mike Armitage has said that the plastic contained in the soil could be washed into streams and rivers and ultimately out to sea. Unilever, the owners of the tea brand PG Tips, said their tea bags are made with a small amount of plastic-used to seal them-and that they are suitable for composting. And the brand Yorkshire Tea said their bags do contain plastic, but they were actively developing recyclable things to replace the plastic. 25．What can we learn about tea from paragraph 2? A．Drinking black tea and green tea has similar effects on our health. B．Habitual tea consumption benefits us both physically and mentally. C．We have found out what ingredients of tea help people relieve stresses. D．Many people consume tea daily because it can cure some strange diseases. 26．What makes some people worried according to the passage? A．The ingredients of tea. B．The change of tea set. C．The brew with tea bags. D．The different tastes of tea. 27．What is the passage mainly about? A．People around the world enjoy tea. B．People enjoy tea but debate tea bags. C．Some ingredients in tea have negative effects. D．Many tea businesses try to improve tea quality. 28．Which column of a newspaper may the passage probably come from? A．Tourism. B．Sports. C．Economy. D．Culture. 【答案】25．B 26．C 27．B 28．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了习惯性喝茶对我们身心都有好处，但对于用茶包喝茶，人们有不同的看法。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段“And according to some scientists, habitual tea consumption can have some health benefits. Drinking black tea may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life, though we do not know what ingredients of tea take effect.(根据一些科学家的说法，习惯性喝茶对健康有益。喝红茶可以加速从日常生活中的压力中恢复过来，尽管我们不知道茶的哪些成分会起作用)”可知，习惯性喝茶对我们身心都有好处。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern. Scientists from McGill University in Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed high levels of microplastics into water.(它可以从壶里倒出来，也可以用茶包在杯子里冲泡，而后者引起了人们的关注。蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的科学家发现，一些“塑料”茶包会向水中释放大量的微塑料)”可知，用茶包泡茶让一些人担心。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据第三段“It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern.(它可以从壶里倒出来，也可以用茶包在杯子里冲泡，而后者引起了人们的关注)”结合文章主要说明了习惯性喝茶对我们身心都有好处，但对于用茶包喝茶，人们有不同的看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲的是人们喜欢喝茶，但对茶包争论不休。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you a tea drinker? If so, you’re not alone. Every day around the world millions of cups of this popular brew (沏茶) are drunk. The oldest discovered tea is from the Han Dynasty. But the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty, when it became China’s national drink. (你喜欢喝茶吗？如果是这样，你并不孤单。每天全世界都有数百万杯这种受欢迎的饮料被喝掉。最早发现的茶来自汉代。但茶的风潮真正开始是在唐朝，当时茶成为了中国的国饮)”以及第三段“It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern.(它可以从壶里倒出来，也可以用茶包在杯子里冲泡，而后者引起了人们的关注)”结合文章主要说明了习惯性喝茶对我们身心都有好处，但对于用茶包喝茶，人们有不同的看法。由此推知，文章可能选自杂志的“文化”一栏。故选D。 （八） （23-24高二上·四川眉山·期中）Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that  you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!” Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation. Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture. Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well. You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself. Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for. Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time). Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those. 29．The author mentioned bad news in order to show that . A．bad news makes people see things in a negative light B．bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes C．bad news attracts people to see positive things D．bad news has a negative effect on television ratings 30．What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean? A．Unstable emotions. B．Important events. C．Amazing incidents . D．Something unpleasant. 31．How should we view failure according to the passage? A．We will change our behaviour. B．We will keep trying the old method. C．We should learn from failure. D．We should think in a more complicated way. 32．What is the passage mainly about? A．It inspires us to learn from negative experiences. B．It compares negative and positive experiences. C．It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences. D．It discusses how negative experiences affect others. 【答案】29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为我们面对不好的事情不应该沮丧或放弃，而是应该把这当作学习的机会。 29．推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light.(事实是，消极的东西比积极的东西吸引更多的注意力，这是因为人们很容易从消极的角度看待事物。)”可知，作者提到坏消息是为了说明坏消息更容易吸引人们的眼球。故选B。 30．词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well(你周围也有很多很棒的东西)”和even though可知，此处是指即使有很多让人不愉快的事情，所以nasty stuff意为“让人不愉快的事情”。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据第八段第三句到第六句“However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out.(然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。)”可知，我们应该从失败中学习。故选C。 32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation.(不过，在你的处境中，有几件事你可能没有注意到。下次你沮丧的时候，也许下面的建议会给你动力。)”，第三段第一句“Firstly, not everything is bad(首先，并非所有事情都是坏的)”，最后一句“However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.(然而，这不应该分散你对大局的关注。)”和最后一段“Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.(现在，你是成年人了。你正在尝试的事情比5岁的你要复杂得多。然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。只有失败者才会放弃，而你肯定不是那种人。)”可知，文章主要是为了激励我们从消极的经历中学习。故选A。 （九） （23-24高二上·云南迪庆·期中）When it comes to the ocean, you may think of a visit to the beach, whales or coral reefs. To me, I think the ocean is out of expanse of deep dark water and it is filled with life and mystery and opportunity. Whatever you think of, the ocean is much more. It is a complex physical, chemical and biological system that takes up 70% of our planet. What we do know is that the ocean is an important part of our life support system on the planet. It produces at least 50% of the oxygen that we breathe. It also regulates temperature for the planet. Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and the equator would be unbearably hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. Now we consider saving the ocean from plastic, from oil spills or from overfishing. But really, we should be thinking about how the ocean is saving us. It is saving us from the climate change that we are creating. Basically, what we need to do is think about not how to save the ocean, but instead how the ocean can actually help us in this fight against climate change. Already, the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30% of the CO2 that we release into the atmosphere. It is the world’s largest carbon sink. It has also absorbed 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases. So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable. When we think about climate action, climate strategies and climate plans, we often overlook the ocean and leave it out because somehow we think that saving the ocean is something else we have to do, not a core part of our climate strategy. That’s what has to change because the ocean is a core part of our climate system, and so it has to be a core part of our climate solutions. 33．What does the author think of the ocean’s meaning to humans? A．It supports life system on the planet. B．It offers chances to find mysterious treasure. C．It provides a large number of deep dark water. D．It is a perfect place to watch whales and coral reefs. 34．What does the underlined word “excess” mean in paragraph 4? A．Low. B．High. C．Moderate. D．Extra. 35．What would happen if we live without ocean? A．The poles would be hot. B．Overfishing would not be a problem. C．The globe would be tougher to live on. D．The climate would be changed slightly. 36．What is the text mainly about? A．Strategies to save the ocean. B．Whether the ocean is habitable. C．Saving the ocean is saving humans. D．A place to watch whales and coral reefs. 【答案】33．A 34．D 35．C 36．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了海洋对于我们的意义，并呼吁我们必须要保护海洋系统。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What we do know is that the ocean is an important part of our life support system on the planet. It produces at least 50% of the oxygen that we breathe. It also regulates temperature for the planet.(我们所知道的是，海洋是地球上生命维持系统的重要组成部分。它产生了我们呼吸的至少50%的氧气。它还调节着地球的温度)”及第四段中的“Already, the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30% of the CO2 that we release into the atmosphere. It is the world’s largest carbon sink. It has also absorbed 90 % of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases. So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable.(海洋已经吸收了我们释放到大气中的25%到30%的二氧化碳。它是世界上最大的碳汇。它还吸收了90%被温室气体捕获的多余热量。所以它基本上有助于保持地球适合居住)”可知，作者认为海洋对人类的意义在于它支持了地球上的生命系统。故选A。 34．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“trapped by greenhouse gases(被温室气体困住的热量)”及常识可知，温室气体会造成全球变暖，因此它困住了多余的热量。由此可知，划线词excess与extra“额外的”意思接近。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and the equator would be unbearably hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. (没有海洋，两极将冷得难以忍受，赤道将热得难以忍受。而且在地球上生活要困难得多)”可知，如果我们生活中没有海洋，地球将变得更加难以生存。故选C。 36．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and the equator would be unbearably hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. (没有海洋，两极将冷得难以忍受，赤道将热得难以忍受。而且在地球上生活要困难得多)”及第四段中的“So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable.(所以它基本上有助于保持地球适合居住)”及最后一段中的“That’s what has to change because the ocean is a core part of our climate system, and so it has to be a core part of our climate solutions.(这是必须改变的，因为海洋是我们气候系统的核心部分，所以它必须成为我们气候解决方案的核心部分)”可知，文章论述了海洋对于我们的意义，并呼吁我们必须要保护海洋系统。由此可知，Saving the ocean is saving humans.(拯救海洋就是拯救人类)能够概括文章大意。故选C。 （十） （23-24高二上·山东青岛·期中）In the days before the internet, critical thinking was the most important skill that informed citizens could have. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a German psychologist, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring.” With such an overabundance of information, we need to first decide what’s worth our attention and time, and what’s not. The first strategy is self-nudging. This involves avoiding low-quality information so that we have more quality time for ourselves. It also involves the removal of distracting things from the environment around you. Of course, we need to stay informed of world events, so we can’t just ignore the internet altogether. When you do go into social media, Kozyreva recommends setting time limits, which prevents you from losing track of time as you click on one attractive link after another. The next strategy is lateral (横向的) reading. Its purpose is to improve judgments about the reliability of information, and to protect you from false and misleading information. The strategy involves opening a new web page to find out more about the source of the information. Likewise, it’s also good to check the source of the information in an internet post. Headlines are often cheating. They’re designed to attract attention, not provide information. The main idea of the article may be completely contrary to the implication in the headline. A sensational claim may provide a link with a headline that seems to support it, but a careful reading of the original source shows it doesn’t. We live in a digital age in which we’re overwhelmed with information, much of it of poor quality. Train our critical ignoring skills and we can get the benefits of the internet while we avoid falling victim to those who try to control our attention. 37．Which of the following saying can best describe “critical ignoring”? A．Rob Peter to pay Paul. B．Make something out of nothing. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Separate the sheep from the goats. 38．What does the author suggest for applying self-nudging strategy? A．Improving study equipment. B．Managing our own time well. C．Avoiding access to social media. D．Staying informed of what happened. 39．How can we get the reliable information of an article? A．By focusing on headlines. B．By reading posts at random. C．By searching for original sources. D．By consulting authorities for advice. 40．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To clarify a concept. B．To promote an app. C．To describe a scene. D．To make a proposal. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“批判性忽视”展开论述，列举了实现它的两个策略及其重要性。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With such an overabundance of information, we need to first decide what’s worth our attention and time, and what’s not.”（面对如此丰富的信息，我们首先需要决定哪些值得我们花时间和精力，哪些不值得。）可知，“critical ignoring”指的是在大量的信息中我们要能分辨出有价值的信息和无用的信息。“Rob Peter to pay Paul”表示“拆东墙补西墙”，Make something out of nothing表示“无中生有”，Birds of a feather flock together表示“物以类聚，人以群分”，Separate the sheep from the goats表示“分辨好坏”，D项强调分辨能力，符合“critical ignoring”的描述。故选D项。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This involves avoiding low-quality information so that we have more quality time for ourselves.”（这包括避免低质量的信息，这样我们就有更多属于自己的高质量时间。）及最后一句“When you do go into social media, Kozyreva recommends setting time limits, which prevents you from losing track of time as you click on one attractive link after another.”（当你进入社交媒体时，Kozyreva建议设置时间限制，这样可以防止你在点击一个又一个吸引人的链接时忘记时间。）可知，作者认为在使用该策略时，要有良好的时间管理观念，避免浪费时间在无用的信息上，以便节约更多时间在高质量的信息处理上。故选B项。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“The next strategy is lateral reading. Its purpose is to improve judgments about the reliability of information, and to protect you from false and misleading information. The strategy involves opening a new web page to find out more about the source of the information.”（下一个策略是横向阅读。其目的是提高对信息可靠性的判断，并保护您免受虚假和误导性信息的影响。该策略包括打开一个新的网页，以找到更多关于信息来源的信息。 ）及最后一句“A sensational claim may provide a link with a headline that seems to support it, but a careful reading of the original source shows it doesn’t.”（一个耸人听闻的说法可能会提供一个似乎支持它的标题链接，但仔细阅读原始来源就会发现事实并非如此。）可知，横向阅读包括找到更多信息来源的消息，而阅读这些原始文本可以提供可靠的信息。故选C项。 40．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a German psychologist, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring.” ”（但德国心理学家Anastasia Kozyreva表示，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是“批判性忽视”。）；第二段第一句“The first strategy is self-nudging. ”（第一种策略是自我推动）；第三段第一句“The next strategy is lateral reading.”（下一个策略是横向阅读。）及第四段最后一句“Train our critical ignoring skills and we can get the benefits of the internet while we avoid falling victim to those who try to control our attention.”（训练我们的批判性忽视技能，我们可以从互联网中获益，同时避免成为那些试图控制我们注意力的人的受害者。）可知，作者提出一个建议——批判性忽视，并列举了实现它的两个策略及其重要性。故选D项。 （十一） （23-24高二上·江西抚州·期中）Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc., it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter’s face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she’s really there. “Virtual travel” is nothing new, of course. Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been stimulating the senses of armchair tourists for centuries. It’s only in recent decades that frequent, safe travel has become available to the non- wealthy. Yet even as the world’s middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class seat, there are signs of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends. Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn’t plan to start selling Avatars until next year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global market for this kind of technology will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast, ANA’s traditional travel business brought in more than $19 billion last year. But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA’s robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s high-tech future. 41．Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot? A．To show the Japanese are crazy about travel. B．To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people’s real life. C．To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots. D．To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter. 42．Which of the following is the possible reason for virtual travel’s appearance? A．Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries. B．Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people. C．People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines. D．More and more people lose interest in travel. 43．What does the underlined word “sustainability” probably mean in the third paragraph? A．Visibility. B．Availability. C．insignificance. D．Continuousness 44．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Your Next Travel May Be Virtual. B．Easy Travel in the Future. C．Virtual Travel Benefits. D．Air Travel Disappearing. 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨虚拟旅行的发展趋势，并分析新技术对旅游行业的影响。 41．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc., it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter’s face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she’s really there.(这家日本最大的航空公司认为，未来的旅行根本不是旅行。上个月，一对已婚夫妇一直在与一个名为阿凡达的机器人互动，这个机器人是由他们的女儿在数百英里外控制的。它是全日空控股公司生产的，外形就像一台装有iPad的真空吸尘器。但当他们聊天时，屏幕上显示的是女儿的脸，它的轮子让她在房子里走动，就好像她真的在那里一样。)”可知，作者在第一段提到一对夫妇与机器人互动的例子是为了告诉读者虚拟旅行开始进入人们的现实生活。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends.(对环境可持续性的担忧给排放大量碳的航空公司造成了损失。富裕社会的老龄化既限制了身体旅行，又创造了对体验世界的替代方式的需求。对于旅游业来说，虚拟现实技术对这些趋势提供了一个有吸引力的回应。)”可知，由于人们担心航空公司造成的空气污染，所以虚拟旅行的出现会成为现实。故选C。 43．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“cause loss to airlines which release much carbon(给排放大量碳的航空公司造成了损失)”可知，对环境可持续性的担忧给排放大量碳的航空公司造成了损失。由此可推断，划线词sustainability指的是“环境的可持续性”。选项A“Visibility (可见性)”；选项B“Availability (可用性)”；选项C“insignificance (不重要、渺小)”；选项D“Continuousness (持续性)”。故选D。 44．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t traveling at all.(这家日本最大的航空公司认为，未来的旅行根本无需旅行。)”以及最后一段“But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA’s robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s high-tech future.(但是，如果虚拟假期的商业价值仍然很弱，那么在家庭和同事之间架起物理距离的技术市场似乎只会扩大。ANA的机器人可能不会很快取代它的飞机，但它们几乎肯定会成为未来高科技旅行的一部分。)”可知，文章主要探讨虚拟旅行的发展趋势。故选A。 （十二） （23-24高二上·四川凉山·期中）Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which can be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words, when you are seeking success, use every available resource. Theodore Roosevelt had no time for quitters (轻易放弃的人) or complainers. He would never accept that something was impossible. Every task, every goal, and every dream can be completed. All you needed to do is to make a start. Use what you have around you to take your first step. Do not make excuses for not doing something. Instead, give all the reasons for setting out to complete the task. There is always an alternative way of approaching a. project. Giving up is not one of those alternatives. Neither quitters nor complainers achieve success. They continuously find ways of doing anything. When you are chasing success, don’t give yourself excuses. Instead, challenge yourself. Making the best of what you are given is positive. Achieving success through working to find different ways of doing a task or overcoming an obstacle (障碍物) will make you feel good. Your self-belief and confidence will be improved, and you will feel able to deal with whatever else comes along. Theodore Roosevelt was a great supporter of self-discipline. He believed that if we could not control our own lives, how could we lead others? When you put self-discipline on yourself, you remove indecision and replace it with purposefulness. You become an example to others, which adds to your self-esteem (自尊). What must we do, therefore, to boost our self-esteem? Most importantly, see the positive in everything. There will be positives in negative experiences. Even in the negative, there are lessons to be learned and experiences to store away for the future. If others are to believe in you, then you must believe in yourself. Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th and youngest US President. He achieved high office as a result of being a tough political operator and a man blessed with experience and wisdom. He was determined, self-esteem, and filled with self-belief and a sense of purpose. All of his achievements came from his life lessons. 45．Which statement will Theodore Roosevelt probably agree with? A．Giving up is a good choice. B．Accept something impossible. C．Using resources helps you succeed. D．Good beginning means good ending. 46．How can we improve our self-esteem according to Roosevelt? A．We’d better not give up. B．We need to increase our confidence. C．We should keep overcoming obstacles. D．We may look on the bright side of things. 47．Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt? A．Optimistic and determined. B．Self-confident and selfish. C．Self-disciplined and indecisive. D．Aimless and proud. 48．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Everything Is Possible B．Life Lessons from Theodore Roosevelt C．The Key to Success-- Self-confidence D．Success Depends on Available Resource 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．A 48．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。它以西奥多·罗斯福为例，探讨了成功的方法和态度，文章通过描述罗斯福的思想和行动来说明成功的重要性以及实现成功的方法以及总结了罗斯福的经验和智慧对他达到的成就的影响，并号召读者相信自己并追求成功。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which can be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words, when you are seeking success, use every available resource.(西奥多·罗斯福对生活采取了坚定的态度，这可以概括为“在你所处的地方，用你所拥有的去做你能做的”。换句话说，当你在寻求成功时，利用每一个可用的资源)”可知，西奥多·罗斯福认为利用资源可以帮助你成功。故选C项。 46．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What must we do, therefore, to boost our self-esteem? Most importantly, see the positive in everything. There will be positives in negative experiences. Even in the negative, there are lessons to be learned and experiences to store away for the future. If others are to believe in you, then you must believe in yourself.(因此，我们必须做些什么来增强我们的自尊呢?最重要的是，看到事物积极的一面。消极的经历中也会有积极的一面。即使在消极的情况下，也有值得吸取的教训和值得为未来储存的经验。如果别人相信你，那么你必须相信自己)”可知，罗斯福认为看到事物积极的一面可以增强自尊，也就是事物光明的一面。故选D项。 47．推理判断题。根据第一段“Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which can be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words, when you are seeking success, use every available resource.(西奥多·罗斯福对生活采取了坚定的态度，这可以概括为“在你所处的地方，用你所拥有的去做你能做的”。换句话说，当你在寻求成功时，利用每一个可用的资源)”以及第二段“Making the best of what you are given is positive.(充分利用你所得到的是积极的)”和最后一段“He was determined, self-esteem, and filled with self-belief and a sense of purpose.(他意志坚定，自尊心强，充满自信和使命感)”可知，罗斯福是一个乐观而坚定的。故选A项。 48．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th and youngest US President. He achieved high office as a result of being a tough political operator and a man blessed with experience and wisdom. He was determined, self-esteem, and filled with self-belief and a sense of purpose. All of his achievements came from his life lessons.(西奥多·罗斯福成为美国第26任也是最年轻的总统。由于他是一个强硬的政治操纵者和一个拥有经验和智慧的人，他获得了很高的职位。他意志坚定，自尊心强，充满自信和使命感。他所有的成就都来自于他的人生经验)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了他的人生经验，所以B项“Life Lessons from Theodore Roosevelt(西奥多·罗斯福的人生经验)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 （十三） （23-24高二上·北京房山·期中）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little comer, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t. There are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 49．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 50．According to the author, a person with “his child’s heart” tends to ________. A．lead a simple and satisfying life B．be curious about the unknown C．follow the custom all the time D．try to avoid making mistakes 51．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. B．Experience and special abilities are the keys to success. C．The genius can get things done easily and creatively. D．Satisfying yourself can help you become an expert. 52．What could be the best title of the passage? A．Young Minds Never Feel Contented B．Trial and Error Leads lo Success C．The Keys to Achievement D．Well Begun Is Half Done 【答案】49．D 50．B 51．A 52．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。经过多年对人性的观察，作者发现有两种品质决定了有成就的人和表现平平的人的区别：好奇心和不满。 49．推理判断题。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent.(经过多年对人性的观察，我发现有两种品质决定了有成就的人和表现平平的人的区别：好奇心和不满)”可知，第一段提出了本文的论点，可推理出作者写第一段的目的是陈述论点，故选D项。 50．推理判断题。根据第二段“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”(像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都很好奇，不满意地问道：“为什么？为什么？为什么。”)”以及下文““The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”(“伟人，”孟子说，“是不失童心的人。”)”可推理出，作者认为不失童心的人对未知的事物感到好奇，故选B项。 51．细节理解题。根据第六段“She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.(她很好奇专家们是怎么做到的。现在她成了其中一位专家，正在写插花方面的书。)”以及第七段“Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.(请记住，托马斯·科斯坦出版第一部小说时57岁，摩西奶奶在78岁时展示了她的第一张照片。)”可知，保持好奇心和不满，什么时候开始都不晚，可推理出作者写这两段的主要目的是告诉人们：缺乏天赋和时间并不是不采取行动的理由，故选A项。 52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent.(经过多年对人性的观察，我发现有两种品质决定了有成就的人和表现平平的人的区别：好奇心和不满)”、第二段“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”(像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都很好奇，不满地问道：“为什么？为什么？为什么。”)”以及第七段“Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.(请记住，托马斯·科斯坦出版第一部小说时57岁，摩西奶奶在78岁时展示了她的第一张照片。)”可知本文主要论证了有成就的人的关键品质为：好奇心和不满，分析选项，C项“The Keys to Achievement(成就的秘诀)”表达的含义适合用作本文标题，故选C项。 （十四） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Modern museums are trying everything they can to shore up declining attendance. Somehow, there always seems to be some crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, for example. What’s worse, the unappreciative public is going farther and farther away. So museums do what they can to attract people, and the results are occasionally wonderful and occasionally laughable. The worst of such results occurs when some curator, someone who is in charge of a museum, decides that the reason the audience isn’t pouring through the doors is that the content is over their heads — the history presented is too complex and political, the art too abstract, or the scientific explanations too in-depth. What occurs then is a uniform simplifying of the exhibits. Text is minimized, and historically significant pieces are passed over in favor of those more pretty and pleasing. The museum becomes a place where people go to look at pretty things instead of a place for learning, understanding and appreciating different cultures, art, and science. All these efforts have given rise to the concept of “edutainment”— a mixture in which learning is supposed to be accomplished without any effort at all on the part of the visitor. Displays are constructed with an eye toward their entertainment value, with relevant facts slipped secretly in, as though learning were a bitter pill that must be sugarcoated before the average museum visitors can be induced (劝诱) to swallow it. But true education is an active pursuit, not something one receives like a piece of candy. The museum’s job should be to inspire visitors to look deeper, not to force-feed them predigested facts. If a museum becomes indistinguishable from a theme park, it has failed. Nonprofit institutions exist because, if they did not, no for-profit institutions would serve their function. If active scholarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead of shaping the museum to resemble successful entertainment enterprises. 53．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．Modern museums succeed in raising funds. B．Modern museums have been quite appreciated. C．Modern museums are facing many challenges. D．Modern museums are often far away from city centers. 54．Which of the following best explains “over their heads” underlined in paragraph 2? A．simple and pleasing B．badly expressed C．educational and important D．too difficult to understand 55．Which of the following would the author most probably agree with? A．Learning is supposed to be interesting. B．Entertainment shouldn’t be practiced in museums. C．Museums should help visitors enjoy learning. D．Museums shouldn’t provide complex content. 56．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To point out a problem of modern museums. B．To encourage readers to visit museums. C．To advise readers to acquire knowledge actively. D．To show some good changes in modern museums. 【答案】53．C 54．D 55．B 56．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要叙述了当代博物馆存在的问题，作者认为博物馆要激发参观者对内容看得更深入，而不是背离教育本身，增加娱乐性去强行灌输简单事实。 53．推理判断题。根据第一段“Modern museums are trying everything they can to shore up declining attendance. Somehow, there always seems to be some crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, for example. What’s worse, the unappreciative public is going farther and farther away. (现代博物馆正在尽一切努力来提振不断下降的参观人数。不知怎么，他们似乎总是在与一些危机作斗争——例如，严重的资金削减。更糟糕的是，不领情的公众离我们越来越远。)”可知，现代博物馆面临很多挑战，比如：持续下降的参观人数和严重削减的资金。故选C。 54．词义猜测题。破折号的作用是进一步解释前文内容。根据第二段破折号后内容“—the history presented is too complex and political, the art too abstract, or the scientific explanations too in-depth. (——呈现的历史太复杂和政治，艺术太抽象，或者科学解释太深入)”可知，一些博物馆馆长认为观众不蜂拥入场的原因是内容“太难了”，所以划线词“over their heads”和“too difficult to understand”同义，故选D。 55．推理判断题。根据第三段“But true education is an active pursuit, not something one receives like a piece of candy. The museum’s job should be to inspire visitors to look deeper, not to force-feed them predigested facts. (真正的教育是一种积极的追求，而不是像一块糖果一样接受。博物馆的工作应该是激励参观者看得更深入，而不是向他们强行灌输简单的事实)”和最后一段“If active scholarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead of shaping the museum to resemble successful entertainment enterprises.(如果缺少活跃的学术研究，那就尽一切办法提供它，而不是把博物馆塑造成成功的娱乐企业。)”可知，作者不赞同去把博物馆变成娱乐性企业，而是要激发参观者对内容看更深入，所以B选项“Entertainment shouldn’t be practiced in museums.(娱乐不应该在博物馆里实践)”符合题意。故选B。 56．推理判断题。文章首段提出了博物馆现如今存在的问题，第二段描述了针对问题的解决办法，即增强娱乐性，三四段介绍了办法导致的后果以及作者的相关建议，所以本篇文章的目的是为了指出现代博物馆的一个问题。故选A。 （十五） （23-24高二上·山东滨州·期中）Parents are an enormously powerful force in the lives of children. Whether Johnny can read, whether Johnny knows right from wrong, whether Johnny is a happy, well-adjusted kid or shy and bad-tempered, has a whole lot to do with the kind of parenting Johnny has received. If Johnny’s mom and dad have been able to come through with lasting, determining loving attention, the odds (可能性) are that Johnny is on track to become a productive, compassionate citizen. If they have not, Johnny is in trouble—and so is our nation. Thirty years ago Chicago sociologist James S. Coleman showed that parental involvement mattered far more in determining school success than any quality of the formal education system. Across a wide range of subject areas, in literature, science and reading, Coleman estimated that the parent was twice as powerful as the school in determining achievement at age fourteen. Psychologist Lawrence Steinberg, who recently completed a six-year study of 20,000 teenagers in nine different communities, confirms the importance of parents. Steinberg shows that one out of three parents is “seriously disengaged” from his or her adolescent’s education, and this is the primary reason why so many American students perform below their potential—and below students in other rich countries. A weight of evidence now shows obvious links between absent parents and a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems in children. A 2017 study of 90,000 teenagers—the Add Health Project undertaken by the Carolina Population Center and the Adolescent Health Program at the University of Minnesota—found that youngsters are less likely to get hopeless, use drugs or become involved in crime when they spent significant time with their parents. This study found that only the physical presence of a parent in the home after school at dinner and at bedtime significantly reduces the incidence of risky behavior among teenagers. 57．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Children should be taught to be successful in life. B．Children are affected by many factors during the growth. C．Parents’ character has a deep influence on children. D．Parents should be strict with their children about behaviors. 58．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph I refer to? A．Odds. B．Parents. C．Citizens. D．Children. 59．What’s the purpose of Lawrence Steinberg’s research? A．To know the importance of parents’ company. B．To find out why there are so many crimes. C．To get ways to prevent teenagers’ bad behaviors. D．To find links between parents’ education and crimes. 60．What’s the author’s attitude towards parents’ company with children? A．Dismissive. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 【答案】57．C 58．B 59．A 60．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用Steinberg以及1977年的研究，来说明父母的陪伴在儿童性格养成方面的作用。 57．推理判断题。根据第一段“Parents are an enormously powerful force in the lives of children. Whether Johnny can read, whether Johnny knows right from wrong, whether Johnny is a happy, well-adjusted kid or shy and bad-tempered, has a whole lot to do with the kind of parenting Johnny has received.”（父母在孩子的生活中是一股极其强大的力量。强尼是否会读书，强尼是否明辨是非，强尼是一个快乐、适应良好的孩子，还是一个害羞、脾气暴躁的孩子，都与强尼受到的育儿方式有很大关系。）可知，孩子的学习能力，判断是非能力和性格是什么样的，跟父母的教育有很大的关系，父母对孩子有很深的影响。故选C项。 58．词义猜测题。根据第一段划线部分的“If Johnny’s mom and dad have been able to come through with lasting, determining loving attention, the odds (可能性) are that Johnny is on track to become a productive, compassionate citizen.”（如果约翰尼的父母能够以持久、坚定的爱的关注度过难关，那么约翰尼很可能会成为一个富有成效、富有同情心的公民。）可知，以及划线单词所在句子“If they have not, Johnny is in trouble—and so is our nation.”（如果他们不这样做，约翰尼就有麻烦了——我们的国家也是如此。）可推断they指代的是约翰尼的父母。故选B项。 59．推理判断题。根据第二段“Psychologist Lawrence Steinberg, who recently completed a six-year study of 20,000 teenagers in nine different communities, confirms the importance of parents. Steinberg shows that one out of three parents is “seriously disengaged” from his or her adolescent’s education, and this is the primary reason why so many American students perform below their potential—and below students in other rich countries.”（心理学家劳伦斯·斯坦伯格最近完成了一项针对九个不同社区20000名青少年的六年研究，他证实了父母的重要性。斯坦伯格表明，三分之一的父母“严重脱离”了他或她的青少年教育，这就是为什么这么多美国学生的表现低于他们的潜力，也低于其他富裕国家的学生的主要原因。）可知，劳伦斯·斯坦伯格的研究目的是为了证明父母陪伴的重要性，缺乏父母陪伴会导致孩子的行为表现差。故选A项。 60．推理判断题。根据第一段“Parents are an enormously powerful force in the lives of children.”（父母在孩子的生活中是一股极其强大的力量。）及第二段“Thirty years ago Chicago sociologist James S. Coleman showed that parental involvement mattered far more in determining school success than any quality of the formal education system.”（30年前，芝加哥社会学家James S. Coleman表明，在决定学校成功方面，父母的参与远比正规教育系统的任何质量都重要。）可推断出作者对于父母对孩子的陪伴态度是赞成的。故选C项。 （十六） （23-24高二上·山东滨州·期中）Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good at Dos Toros Taqueria in Manhattan. Figueroa, an ironworker, had to stand to the side, holding his hamburger, until a cashier helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash. “I had money but I couldn’t pay,” he said. Cash-free stores are causing a backlash among some activists who say the practice looks down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many transactions (交易). Supporters for banning cashless stores worry that technology is moving too fast for the 6.5% of American households—8.4 million—that do not have a bank account. Business owners who go cashless say they are following the lead of majority of customers who are abandoning cash payments. Retailers are under pressure to satisfy customers with higher expectations for fast and convenient service, driven by companies like Amazon and Uber. Leo Kremer, co-worker of Dos Toros, said the amount of cash transactions at his stores fell from about 50% a decade ago to 15% last year. Cash transactions made handling cash especially troublesome. Before going cashless, Dos Toros locations were robbed twice. Financial experts who work with low-income people caution against making assumptions about the shopping preferences or buying power of those who rely on cash. Justine Zinkin, CEO of Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners, said the greater urgency in the digital time is finding ways to better include low-income people in the banking system, such as urging banks to offer no-fee starter accounts and encouraging banks to open branches in underserved areas. 61．What trouble was Hembert Figueroa faced with at Dos Toros Taqueria? A．He failed to find a cashier for help. B．He couldn’t make a deal with cash. C．He took no money or a card with him. D．He was caught carrying false bank notes. 62．What does the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strong disagreement. B．Warm welcome. C．Heated debate. D．High expectation. 63．What did Justine Zinkin suggest according to the text? A．Making regulations to ban cashless stores. B．Raising the buying power of low-income people. C．Finding ways for banks to adapt with the digital time. D．Making banks more accessible to low-income people. 64．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．An introduction of cashless stores, a new form of transaction. B．An introduction of cashless stores, a production of new technology. C．A discussion about whether cashless stores are lawful. D．A discussion about whether cashless stores should be banned. 【答案】61．B 62．A 63．D 64．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文从一个拿现金在无现金店买不到汉堡的故事引出话题：无现金店该不该禁止？并多方论证。 61．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Figueroa, an ironworker, had to stand to the side, holding his hamburger, until a cashier helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash.”（菲格罗亚是一名钢铁工人，他不得不站在一边，拿着他的汉堡，直到一位收银员帮他找到另一位愿意用卡支付餐费以换取现金的顾客。）可知，菲格罗亚遇到的麻烦是他不能用现金支付餐费。故选B项。 62．词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线单词句中“…who say the practice looks down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many transactions (交易).”（他们认为这种做法是对菲格罗亚这样的人的蔑视，这些人要么没有银行账户，要么在许多交易中依赖现金。）由此可知，此处为无现金商店引起了一些活动人士的强烈反对。故可猜测划线单词backlash为“强烈反对”的意思，结合选项A项Strong disagreement“强烈的分歧，反对”意思一致。故选A项。 63．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Justine Zinkin, CEO of Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners, said the greater urgency in the digital time is finding ways to better include low-income people in the banking system, such as urging banks to offer no-fee starter accounts and encouraging banks to open branches in underserved areas.”（Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners首席执行官贾斯汀·津金(Justine Zinkin)表示，在数字时代，更紧迫的是找到更好地将低收入人群纳入银行体系的方法，例如敦促银行提供免费的初始账户，并鼓励银行在服务不足的地区开设分支机构。）可推知，贾斯汀·津金提出的建议是让低收入人群更容易获得银行服务。故选D项。 64．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good at Dos Toros Taqueria in Manhattan.”（亨伯特·菲格罗亚(Hembert Figueroa)在曼哈顿的多斯·托罗斯塔奎里亚(Dos Toros Taqueria)只想要一个汉堡，却惊讶地发现口袋里的美元纸币并不好用。）可知，想要一个汉堡的菲格罗亚很惊讶地发现口袋里的钱不太好用。本文从这样一个现金使用的故事引出话题：无现金店该不该禁止？此后从赞同和反对两方面陈述了一些群体的观点。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是关于是否应该禁止无现金商店的讨论。故选D项。 （十七） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）The first time you start to read a poem, you must relax and read through it without concentrating on its meaning. Imagine you are meeting a person for the first time. You will just observe him and listen to his voice, as well as watch his shapes or movements, but you have not yet known what he is all about. Likewise, you may enjoy the sound, rhythms, or wording, and form some first impressions about a poem. On your second reading, you should concentrate more on the general meaning of the poem. This time, you will want to compare your feelings about the poem by now with how you felt before. Are they the same? What is different and why? Your third reading will focus more on details: the words, phrases, or images. Looking up any unfamiliar words in a dictionary so that you can gain a more accurate understanding. Using the example given above about meeting someone, his image will change gradually and slightly as you meet and learn more about him. Therefore, in your additional readings, it is a good idea to compare your understanding each time with the understanding before. A helpful approach to further understanding a poem is to summarize it in your own words. Compare your version of understanding with those of others reading the same poem, and listen to how they form such opinions. Remember, however, that there is no exact or right meaning for a poem, as most poets have admitted they themselves are not exactly sure what they meant when writing certain lines or phrases; they have even been heard to say on occasion that sometimes words just seem to “drop from heaven” and land on the page. That is what awakening the imagination is all about. If you are lucky, and if you practice enough, magical things may happen when you write and you may be able to produce a beautiful poem or other work of art yourself. 65．Why does the author give the example of “meeting a person” ? A．To arouse readers’ interest B．To support his argument C．To offer some advice D．To interpret his point 66．What will you gain from the third reading of a poem? A．General meaning. B．Rhythm beauty. C．Deeper meaning. D．Poetic structure. 67．What does the underlined word “ that ” refer to? A．Poets themselves don’t understand their poems. B．Beautiful poems drop from heaven occasionally. C．Poetic meanings are open to different explanations. D．Writing a summary helps understand a poem. 68．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Inspiration and hard work help create great poems. B．Poetry is an expression of one’s will in words. C．Practice and patience make a man perfect. D．Luck marches with those who give their very best. 【答案】65．D 66．C 67．C 68．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者对于如何读诗的理解以及写诗歌总结有助于加强对诗的理解。 65．推理判断题。根据第一段“The first time you start to read a poem, you must relax and read through it without concentrating on is meaning.(当你第一次开始读一首诗时，你必须放松去阅读它，不要专注于它的意思)”以及“You will just observe him and listen to his voice, as well as watch his shapes or movements, but you have not yet known what he is all about. Likewise, you may enjoy the sound, rhythms, or wording, and form some first impressions about a poem.(你只是观察他，听他的声音，以及观察他的形状或动作，但你还不知道他的一切。同样，你可能会喜欢一首诗的声音、节奏或措辞，并形成一些第一印象)”可推知，作者举这个例是为了让读者更好地理解作者所表达的观点。故选D。 66．细节理解题。根据第三段“Your third reading will focus more on details: the words, phrases, or images. Looking up any unfamiliar words in a dictionary so that you can gain a more accurate understanding. (第三次阅读你将要更多地关注细节：单词、短语或意象。用词典查找任何不熟悉的单词，这样你可以获得更准确的理解)”以及“Therefore, in your additional readings, it is a good idea to compare your understanding each time with the understanding before.(因此，在你的额外阅读中，将你每次的理解与之前的理解进行比较是一个好主意)”可知，第三次阅读要获得更深层的含义。故选C。 67．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Remember, however, that there is no exact or right meaning for a poem, as most poets have admitted they themselves are not exactly sure what they meant when writing certain lines or phrases; they have even been heard to say on occasion that sometimes words just seem to “drop from heaven” and land on the page.(然而，请记住，一首诗没有确切或正确的含义，因为大多数诗人都承认，他们自己在写某些诗句或短语时并不确定所写的是什么意思；他们有时甚至会说，有时候文字就像是从天而降，落在纸上)”可知，对于一首诗内容的理解可能会因人而异，而且连诗人都不确定自己想说什么，这也就需要读者自己发挥想象力做出解释了。故选C。 68．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you are lucky, and if you practice enough, magical things may happen when you write and you may be able to produce a beautiful poem or other work of art yourself.(如果你足够幸运，如果你练习得足够多，当你写作时，神奇的事情可能会发生，你可能会写出一首美丽的诗或其他艺术作品)”可推知，灵感和勤奋有助于创作伟大的诗歌。故选A。 （十八） （23-24高二上·江苏扬州·期中）With the advancement in AI technology, people are debating the boundary between robot and man: Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans? Rather, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”. The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand — the intelligent distribution system. “To make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think but have to follow the guide of the system. All they have to do is riding as fast as possible. The navigation (导航) system charts the “best route” — to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road — which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”. The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm (算法) will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up accordingly. Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them. Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness. 69．According to the passage, what can we learn about the technology? A．Robots has become more intelligent and taken place of humans. B．AI technology are quickening takeout riding with navigation system. C．The navigation system hasn’t yet mapped out the best route for these riders. D．Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather. 70．What does the underlined word “chart” in paragraph 2? A．To make a map of B．To follow the progress of C．To plan an action of D．To be ranked on a list of 71．What do the take-out riders often NOT do to ensure the shortest delivery time? A．Over-speeding B．Running red lights C．Going on the wrong road D．Keeping traffic rules 72．According to the last two paragraphs, what attitude should we hold towards technology? A．Supportive B．Cautious C．Negative D．Doubtful 【答案】69．B 70．A 71．D 72．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为对于人工智能人们更应该担忧的是“人类正在被强制成为机器”，作者通过智能分配系统对外卖骑手的控制表明，数据作为一种工具，应该服务于人，而不是奴役人，科技在不断进步，但它也应该朝着善良的方向发展。 69．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“The navigation (导航) system charts the “best route” — to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road — which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time.(导航系统绘制出“最佳路线”——通过立交桥，穿过围栏，甚至走错路——当然，这保证了最短的交货时间。)”可知，人工智能技术通过导航系统加快了外卖的速度。故选B。 70．词句猜测题。根据第二段第五句中的“to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road(穿过立交桥，穿过栅栏，甚至走在路的错误的一边)”可知，此处是指导航系统建立地图，所以chart意为“绘制……的地图”。故选A。 71．细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster.(这就是为什么当这些车手超速、闯红灯、走错路时他们必须与时间赛跑；他们必须快上加快。)”可知，外卖骑手为了保证最短的送达时间通常不会遵守交通规则。故选D。 72．推理判断题。根据倒第二段最后一句“Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them.(数据作为一种工具，应该服务于人，而不是奴役人。)”和最后一段“Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.(科技在不断进步，但它也应该朝着善良的方向发展。)”可知，我们应该对技术持谨慎态度。故选B。 （十九） （23-24高二上·江苏徐州·期中）Slowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer’s mind when she turned 70 last year. She’d enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade. She didn’t feel too old to travel. Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel? The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car in Europe, for example. In Croatia, Schaefer wouldn’t be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a “no” for many travelers. Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It’s their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on a Caribbean tour, “You can’t expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care.” she says. “Tour guides don’t have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn’t have traveled with us in this situation.” But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in 1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.” If you ask travel experts, they’ll tell you that age is just a number. It’s a question of physical, and to a certain extent, mental ability. “Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect,” says Sara Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. “Someone in their 40s may struggle more than someone in their 80s.” 73．What is Schaefer expected to do if she travels in Croatia this year? A．She can rent a car to go around. B．She will receive 24/7 medical care. C．She has to pay more insurance fees. D．She can participate in all the activities. 74．What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old’s traveling? A．His old age. B．His stubborn personality. C．His lack of medical skills. D．His poor physical condition. 75．What do we know about Grand Circle Travel? A．It is a non-profit traveling organization. B．It is intended for the senior customers. C．It offers service to a wide range of travelers. D．It has a history of more than seven decades. 76．What is the author’s attitude towards traveling at an old age? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. 【答案】73．C 74．D 75．C 76．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就老年人是否适合旅行这一话题进行讨论，作者通过一些事例和旅行专家的观点来说明想要旅行，年龄不是问题，主要看健康状况。 73．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In Croatia, Schaefer wouldn’t be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities.(在克罗地亚，Schaefer今年不能参加，因为最高年龄是70岁。保险公司要求更高的费率；旅游经营者限制某些活动。）”可知，Schaefer预计，如果今年去克罗地亚旅行，她将支付更多的保险费。故选C。 74．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It’s their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog.(Kirsten Veldman说：“当然，有些人在旅行前应该三思，但不能只看年龄。要看他们的健康水平。”她以前是一名导游，现在编辑一个退休博客。)”可知，Veldman认为对于旅行者来说，年龄不是问题，重要的是身体健康，由此可推知，Veldman不同意一名93岁的老人去旅行的最主要原因可能是他糟糕的健康状况。故选D。 75．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.”(公司发言人Ann Shannon说：“我们有八九十岁的旅行者。有些是情侣旅行，有些是独自旅行。我们没有年龄限制。”)”可知，Grand Circle Travel为各种各样的旅行者提供服务。故选C。 76．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age.(当然，有些人在旅行前应该三思，但不能只看年龄。)”和第五段“If you ask travel experts, they'll tell you that age is just a number.(如果你问旅游专家，他们会告诉你年龄只是一个数字。)”以及全文内容来看，作者通过引用事例和旅行专家的观点来表明年龄不是阻碍老年人旅行的主要原因，重点考虑健康状况，文章从客观的角度来分析老年人是否适合去旅行，所以，作者对于老年人是否可以旅行的态度是客观的。故选A项。 （二十） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp. Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived. Refugees camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and are overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees. One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or village, making them become part of the local population. This is known as the “self-settlement”. Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle. Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of food, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place. 77．Who are responsible for the refugees’ dependence on donations? A．Critics. B．Children. C．Refugee camps. D．UNHCR and the ICRC． 78．What advantage can self-settled refugees enjoy? A．More personal aid. B．More living space. C．Better training programs. D．A better sense of security. 79．What benefit can gathering refugees in one place bring? A．It can help save much land. B．It’s easier for them to get schooling. C．It can reduce the number of orphans. D．It allows families to better help each other. 80．Which of the following is not discussed in the text? A．The advantages of refugee camps. B．The disadvantages of refugee camps. C．The advantages of the self-settlement. D．The disadvantages of the self-settlement. 【答案】77．C 78．D 79．B 80．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了如何安置难民的问题。难民营在一般情况下是一个很好的解决难民问题的方法，尤其是在紧急状况下，但是现实是难民营过于拥挤、管理混乱、疾病肆虐，甚至成为犯罪分子的藏身之处，因此难民进行自我安置或许会更好。 77．细节理解题。根据第二段“Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. (批评者认为，他们迫使难民完全依赖捐款)”和第一段“Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp. (难民营被设计成临时性的，但它们往往会在原地呆上几十年。在世界的一些地方，孩子们长大了，有了自己的孩子，再也没有离开过他们的营地)”可知第二段的代词they指代第一段所提及的refugee camps，所以是难民营使得难民们过度依赖救助。故选C。 78．细节理解题。根据第四段“They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. (他们说，自我安置的难民可以立即开始重建生活，而且比难民营中的难民更自由、更安全)”可知，难民自我安置的好处是可获得更好的安全。故选D。 79．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place. (同样，当难民都住在一个地方时，长期援助计划，如家庭追踪、孤儿支持，也许最重要的是教育，都可以更容易地实施)”可知，难民们被集中安排在一个地方利于他们更好接受教育。故选B。 80．细节理解题。文章第一段讲述了解决难民问题最直接的方法；第二、三段讲述了难民营的弊端；第四段讲述了难民自我安置的优点；第五段讲述了难民营的优点。所以文章并未提及难民自我安置的弊端。故选D。 （二十一） （23-24高二上·浙江宁波·期中）We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel(柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides.The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue ——a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an electric vehicle into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC, “The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars. “These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita(人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 81．What can we infer from the question at the end of Paragraph 1? A．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．We should not be too optimistic about the future. D．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. 82．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in Paragraph 2? A．permission B．encouragement C．admission D．insistence 83．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. 84．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Electric Power or Petrol: A Tough Decision to Make B．Electric Vehicles: A Road to a Greener Future C．Total Electric Traffic: A Long Way to Go D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: A Main Source of Gases 【答案】81．A 82．B 83．D 84．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。 81．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done?(但这说起来容易做起来难吗？)”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选A。 82．词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.(成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”和画线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking”可知，画线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，通过降低进口税来降价以及不收取道路税和停车费，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买，incentive意为“激励措施”，与encouragement(起激励作用的事物)意思最接近。故选B。 83．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.(一些国家还为电动汽车提供专用车道，超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车。)”可知，电动汽车有专用通道，这说明电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞。故选D。 84．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”可知，电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。由此可推测出，C项“全电动交通：任重道远”最适合作本文标题。故选C。 （二十二） （23-24高二上·浙江台州·期中）Shortly after ChatGPT was released, in early 2023,a freelance writer named Jason Colavito posted on social media that a computer was replacing him with AI, because it could write content for free. But he is also wanted - at a small amount of his normal rate – to ‘rewrite’ the AI-generated text. This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI. The problem is a culture that devalues human labor (劳动). With the release of new AI applications, discussions about the future of work are back in full force. A recent study looked at professions in the United States, from poets to financial managers, predicting the 19 percent will soon lose 50 percent of their tasks to AI. But our precious experience with automation suggests it’s much more complicated than technology simply replacing human work. In 2019, independent research organization Data & Society studied how automation is being integrated in farm management and grocery stores. Counter to the popular belief that the technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu  and Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of the work. For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store. Most importantly, Mateescu and Elish discovered that the new tasks, which helped accommodate and employ the ‘automated’ technology, were often undervalued or even invisible. The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn’t because the robots are coming for us, it’s cultural. As jobs get disrupted and people’s livelihoods are threatened, it’s easy to point fingers at technology as the unavoidable reason, whether you’re an expert or an employer. But what is actually to blame is a society that is willing to let workers be mistreated. It’s a big thing to change, but it’s not set in stone. And that’s the real ‘robots and jobs’ conversation we need to be having. 85．What does the underlined word “slashed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Created. B．Improved. C．Reduced. D．Removed. 86．What did Mateescu and Elish find? A．Automated technology was taking away almost all jobs. B．New advanced devices were being integrated in various jobs. C．Humans were still needed to take care of AI-generated problems. D．Humans couldn’t understand the real value in their own jobs. 87．What’s the main cause of the deskilling and devaluing of labor? A．The introduction of robots. B．The nature of jobs. C．The change of workers. D．The attitude to labor. 88．What’s the best title for the text? A．Work Gets Deskilled by Robots B．Robots Aren’t Coming for Our Jobs C．A Promising Future: Humans and Robots D．A Wanted Conversation: Humans or Robots 【答案】85．C 86．C 87．D 88．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是人工智能对未来工作的影响，人工智能并不是来夺走我们的工作的，而是改变了工作的性质。 85．词句猜测题。根据第一段“at a small amount of his normal rate – to ‘rewrite’ the AI-generated text(以正常比率的一小部分“重写”人工智能生成的文本)”可知，技术减少了他的薪水，因此划线词slashed的意思是“减少”，和Reduced意思相近，故选C。 86．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store.(例如，自动结帐机让员工很忙，因为现在他们要帮助困惑的顾客，排除机器故障，并承担其他任务，以确保他们在商店顺利运作。)”可知，Mateescu和Elish发现人类仍然需要处理人工智能产生的问题。故选C。 87．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn’t because the robots are coming for us, it’s cultural.(需要理解的重要一点是，当前劳动力的去技能化和贬值并不是因为机器人向我们走来，而是文化使然。)”和“But what is actually to blame is a society that is willing to let workers be mistreated.(但真正的罪魁祸首是一个愿意让工人受到虐待的社会。)”可知，劳动力去技能化和贬值的主要原因是这个社会对待劳动的态度。故选D。 88．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“But our precious experience with automation suggests it’s much more complicated than technology simply replacing human work.(但我们对自动化的宝贵经验表明，它比技术简单地取代人类工作要复杂得多。)”和第三段“Counter to the popular belief that the technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu and Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of the work.(人们普遍认为这项技术减少了对人力的需求，但研究人员Alexandra Mateescu和Madeleine Clare Elish发现，引入新设备主要是在改变工作的性质。)”可知，主要论述的是人工智能对未来工作的影响，它不是来夺走我们的工作的，而是改变工作的性质，因此最好的题目是B选项“Robots Aren’t Coming for Our Jobs(机器人不会抢走我们的工作)”。故选B。 （二十三） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking. Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect. The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connect ion to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river. time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 89．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Everyone can define time on their own terms. B．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists 90．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to . A．evaluate an argument B．introduce an approach C．present an assumption D．highlight an experiment 91．What can we learn from this passage? A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C．Atomic time will get ahead  of river time if the rivers run sl$$