精品解析：辽宁省五校（大连二十四中、东北育才等）2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

2022—2023学年度下学期期末考试高一年级英语试卷 第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分) 做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上, 录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man want to do in the future? A Start his own business. B. Teach in a private school. C. Work at a London restaurant. 2. What does the man probably do? A. A hotel manager. B. A bank clerk. C. A taxi driver. 3. Why is the woman unhappy with the man? A. He was late to meet her. B. He didn’t tell her his location. C. He didn’t return the book on time. 4. What does the woman probably want to buy? A. Clothes. B. Colorful lights. C. Skin care products. 5. What is the man doing? A. Walking through a forest. B. Visiting the woman’s house. C. Planting flowers in his garden. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间, 每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料, 回答第6至7题 6. What role does the woman wish to take in the school play? A. The violinist. B. The writer. C. The actress. 7. Which instrument does the man learn to play recently? A. The guitar. B. The violin. C. The guzheng. 听第7段材料, 回答第8至9题。 8. Why does the woman give up getting her car fixed? A. It is beyond repair. B. She has to spend a lot fixing it. C. Her grandfather will buy her a new one. 9. How does the woman plan to get to school? A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By bike. 听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。 10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Co-workers C. Teacher and student. 11. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Go back to college. B. Find another job. C. Study with him. 12. How could the man be described? A. Unconfident. B. Impatient. C. Warm. 听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At the man’s home. B. On a street. C. In a camera shop. 14. How many camera shops are still open in town? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 15. Why does the man think some camera shops went out of business? A. Cameras are old-fashioned. B. There are fewer photographers. C. People buy things on the Internet. 16. What will the man do this weekend? A. Go to a camera shop. B. Take care of his friend’s kids. C. Take pictures for a wedding. 听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。 17. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. His school life. B. His writing career. C. His work experience. 18 What did the speaker end up studying at university? A. Science. B. Literature. C. Journalism and communication. 19. When will the science fiction be published? A. In 6 months. B. In 8 months. C. In 14 months. 20. How can the speaker be described? A. Aimless. B. Overconfident. C. Determined. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Everything you can see around you was once an invention, but do you ever wonder who the brains behind them were? Women have made numerous contributions throughout history, leaving an ever-lasting impact on society. Here are three things that were the brainchildren of women. Spray-on skin by Dr Fiona Wood Dr Fiona Wood introduced spray-on skin to the world in the 1990s. This changed the way in which burn victims used to be treated, as spray-on skin can be directly applied to wounds to form a new layer of skin that helps healing and reduces the risk of infection. Spray-on skin proved to be a popular game-changer that allowed burns and skin injuries to be treated more effectively and with less pain, and with Dr Wood’s constant improvements over the years, is now widely used in hospitals. Modern ironing beard by Sarah Boone Would you believe that clothing used to be ironed on wooden pieces balanced between chairs? It wasn’t until dressmaker Sarah Boone came along that the modern ironing board was created in 1892. Though it seems like a simple invention, Boone put a lot of thought into it. Apart from solving the initial problem of uneven ironing, Boone also made the ironing board’s legs foldable for ease of storage. Home security system by Marie Van Brittan Brown If you have a home security system installed (安装) for peace of mind, you have Marie Van Brittan Brown to thank. Brown had worked as a nurse and often went home alone at late hours. To give herself a sense of security, she worked on the first home security system with Albert Brown, her husband. Brown’s invention laid the groundwork for modern-day CCTV, including camera images and a two-way microphone system. Needless to say, this invention was ahead of its time and yet another product of necessity. 1. What is spray-on skin used for? A. To improve victims’ health condition. B. To treat burns and skin injuries. C. To prevent skin from being injured. D. To clean and cool down the burns. 2. Which words can best describe these inventions? A. Practical and well-thought. B. Digital and effective. C. Tech-based and affordable. D. Complicated and widely-used. 3. What is the purpose of this text? A. To highlight advanced inventions. B. To encourage pioneering inventions. C. To introduce significant inventions by women. D. To sing high praises for extraordinary women. B How do you get school pupils interested in poetry? It is hard Glasgow-based performance poet Imogen Stirling has been on that mission in rural south-west Scotland over the past year or so. She admitted there had been an element of trick in her work. “I’ve learned that you just can never use the word poetry because that puts people off immediately,” she said. “To be honest, I had no interest in poetry when I was in school and I didn’t really resonate (引起共鸣) with the way that it was taught to me at all. So it did take me quite a long time from having sort of dipped into poetry at school to coming back to it because I really just didn’t think it was for me.” However, there are ways to get it across. “I think it’s more about bringing out the performative elements and the storytelling elements,” she said. “We’re really fortunate in that there are so many artists who are blending (融合) poetry and raps, which is a much more accessible art form, I think.” School visits are one part of her work in the region. “We come together once a month, to work together and help develop their skills as writers.” she said. “It is as much about skill development as it is about socializing with other writers and also locking on to see what a career in writing could look like.” Ms Stirling said poetry was more than producing work to end up in “some dusty books on a shelf”. Her own journey into performance poetry has been an indirect one after studying theater and literature. “I’d worked abroad as a musician for a couple of years, then came back to Glasgow and found that this really rich performance poetry scene existed, which had never been there to my knowledge when I’d been here studying.” she said. “I fell into that and frequented (常去) a lot of open mic nights.” Who knows, in the future, maybe some of her current students will be inspired to follow in her footsteps. 4. What did Ms Stirling think when at school? A. She would become a poet in the future. B. She hadn’t been taught poem skills. C. She was often too honest to be tricked. D. She wasn’t suitable to learn poetry at all. 5. How does Ms Stirling probably teach students to learn poetry? A. By letting them act poems out. B. By analyzing the elements of poetry. C. By turning poetry into popular raps. D. By inviting artists to talk about art. 6. What academic skills will students focus on during Ms Stirling’s visits? A. The judgment of a career in writing. B. The skills of writing poems. C. The ability to communicate with writers. D. The need to read dusty books on the shelf. 7. What attracted Ms Stirling back to Glasgow? A. The colorful night life. B. The familiar local environment. C. The sufficient scenes to perform poetry. D. The performance chance as a musician. C Researchers at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) have created a chameleon-like (变色龙般的) material for construction that changes its infrared (红外的) color, as well as how much heat it absorbs or gives off, depending on the surrounding temperature. The material is identified as chameleons, which are recognized for their ability to adapt to their surroundings. On hot days, for example, the material can expel up to 92 percent of the infrared heat it contains, assisting in cooling the inside of a building. On colder days, the material releases only 7% of its infrared heat, which helps keep a building warm. “We’ve essentially figured out a low-energy way to treat a building like a person; you add a layer when you’re cold and take off a layer when you’re hot” said Asst. Prof. Po-Chun Hsu who led the study. “This kind of smart material lets us maintain the temperature in a building without huge amounts of energy.” Buildings are projected to use 30% of the energy produced in the world and contribute 10% of greenhouse gas emissions (排放). About half of this carbon footprint is used for heating and cooling inner spaces. “For a long time, most of us have taken our indoor temperature control for granted without thinking about how much energy it requires,” said Hsu. “If we want a carbon-negative future, I think we have to consider diverse methods to control building temperature in a more energy-efficient way.” Researchers have described how the material can quickly change between the metal and liquid states. Moreover, they demonstrated that even after 1,800 cycles, the ability to change between the two states was still effective. The team created models of their material’s potential to lower energy costs in buildings in15 different cities, and they concluded that in a typical office building, the electricity needed to control the changes in the material would account for less than 0.2 percent of the building’s total electrical consumption. However, it might reduce the facility’s annual energy use by 8.4%. 8. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 2? A. To hide. B. To give off. C. To take in. D. To consume. 9. What is one way to have a carbon-negative future according to Po-Chun Hsu? A. To develop more smart materials. B. To take off a layer of the buildings. C. To give more layers to the buildings. D. To control building temperature smartly. 10. What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. The material is metal. B. The material is liquid. C. The material is wearable. D. The material is time-proof. 11. Which may be the best title for the text? A. Great New Material That Saves Energy B. America Cuts Down the Electricity Consumption C. New Chameleon-like Building Material to Save Energy D. The Chameleon Gives Scientists Inspiration to Develop New Material D Voluntourism is a type of tourism in which travellers participate in volunteer work, usually for a charity or a non-profit, Most often, voluntourists travel for the specific purpose of volunteering in an organized way for specific causes, but others simply include volunteer aspects to a traditional vacation experience. Much like sustainable tourism as a whole, the legitimacy (合法性) or success of a voluntourism program depends highly on how it is managed. When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause. But it’s up to the individual volunteer, too, who has the added responsibility of staying informed and setting their destinations up for success. Ken Budd, author of the award-winning memoir The Voluntourist, says that countless organizations around the world create lasting results. The writer, who volunteered in at least six countries, speaks for it, such as teaching English in a Costa Rican elementary school that relied on volunteers when they couldn’t afford teachers. However, not all voluntourism programs are helping. A reporter for The New York Times wrote in 2016 about their experience with a group of people building a school in Haiti: “These people knew nothing about how to construct a building. Collectively they had spent thousands of dollars to fly here to do a job that Haitian bricklayers could have done far more quickly. Imagine how many classrooms might have been built if they had donated that money rather than spending it to fly down themselves. Perhaps those Haitian bricklayers could have found weeks of employment instead of out of a job, at least for several days.” If an organization can get free labor from an unskilled volunteer, they’re not spending money hiring locals to do the same work for a fee. In a poverty-stricken economy where residents are already struggling to find jobs, funds that go towards digging a well or building a school will have more of an impact if they stay within the local economy. Taking work from locals can prevent developing communities from self-establishment. Not to mention, volunteers who are untrained in whatever service they are providing can sometimes actually end up holding back progress. 12. How does the author introduce the topic “voluntourism”? A. By explaining its origin. B. By presenting its concept. C. By discussing its classification. D. By sorting out its causes. 13. What helps guarantee the success of a voluntourism program according to the passage? A. The purpose and legitimacy of a program. B. Participants’ previous voluntary experience. C. The degree of involvement of each volunteer. D. Proper control of the program and responsible volunteers. 14. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. Voluntourists’ donations to their destinations. B. The enthusiasm of people for rebuilding Haiti. C. The invisible problem brought by voluntourists. D. Voluntourists’ determination to make contributions. 15. What’s the author’s attitude to voluntourism? A. Objective. B. Indifferent, C. Favorable. D. Disapproving. 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine a friend has just asked how you’re feeling. You’re clearly upset but unable to express how you really feel. It’s incredibly difficult to understand how you feel and why. Yet, research shows that understanding your own emotions is essential to maintaining good mental health. ____16____ But it gets easier with practice. Practice daily self-reflection Self-reflection develops emotional awareness and is key to understanding why you feel the way you do. Activities such as journaling can be really beneficial in leaning about your thought processes. Free-writing, where you write out everything that’s on your mind without judgement, can be used to explore deeper into your thoughts and feelings. Think of it like getting into a car and just driving. ____17____ Turn to mindfulness ____18____ There are many ways to be mindful, from practising breathwork to sitting in silence Where emotional awareness is concerned, meditation (冥想), which can aid clarity, is recommended. Doing this regularly allows you to be more aware of the source of your emotions. Moreover, it enables you to come up with ways to manage them more effectively. ____19____ Sometimes what you really struggle with is putting your emotions into words. It can be difficult to feel heard by others if you don’t have the language. Try consulting The Emotion Wheel, developed by Dr Robert Plutchick in 1980. ____20____ It gives you a specific name for what you’re feeling, which is an excellent starting point for working through it. Reflecting on the messy and difficult emotions, you can not only find relief from those uncomfortable feelings but bring more joy and fulfillment into your lives too. A. Name what you’re feeling. B. Mask your real emotions. C. Go ahead, and get it all out on paper D. Being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial. E. Being honest with yourself for the first time may prove tough. F. It identifies eight primary emotions at the centre of the wheel. G. It’s a process of bringing your attention to the present moment. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A 40-year-old mom has entered the history books by becoming the first female Olympian ever to complete a full triathlon in under 8 hours — breaking the world record by over 40 minutes. Two-time Olympic Nicola Spirig ____21____ the finish line in Germany in an astonishing 7 hours, 34 minutes and 19 seconds. She accomplished the ____22____ despite earlier this year breaking three ribs and fracturing (使断裂) her collarbone in a cycling accident that almost ____23____ her career. She recovered and went on to realize this lifelong triathlon ambition on the edge of ending her 20 years of international competitions and ____24____ the sport this year. The ____25____ race in Germany was organized specifically to let two of the world’s greatest female triathletes ___26___ against each other, in a challenge to break the 8-hour barrier. ____27____ athletes broke the decade-long world record for women of 8 hours, 18 minutes and 13 seconds. Not only did Nicola beat her ____28____ record of 9 hours, 14 minutes and 7 seconds, but she crossed the line in a (n) ____29____ 7 hours, 34 minutes and 19 seconds — three minutes after Ironman champion Kat Matthews, a British army captain. “Nicola has _____30_____ the impossible and is the perfect embodiment (化身) of how the power of _____31_____ can overcome every obstacle toward fulfilling your dreams and ultimate ambition” says Feliciano Robayna. “_____32_____ your career-long dream as a 40-year-old mother of three shows there is no _____33_____ that cannot be broken.” Beyond _____34_____ seven 70.3 Ironman titles and being on the stage at each half Ironman race she has ever _____35_____— Nicola has also managed to study to become a lawyer. 21. A. approached B. crossed C. completed D. blocked 22. A. task B. journey C. distance D. achievement 23. A. launched B. impacted C. ended D. ensured 24. A. dealing with B. carrying on C. participating in D. retiring from 25. A. unique B. permanent C. typical D. smooth 26. A. protect B. compete C. charge D. threaten 27. A. All B. Many C. Both D. Most 28. A. ambitious B. temporary C. remarkable D. personal 29. A. impressive B. reasonable C. individual D. specific 30. A. ignored B. identified C. deserved D. challenged 31. A. fame B. honor C. determination D. teamwork 32. A. Quitting B. Realizing C. Concluding D. Valuing 33. A. barrier B. promise C. rule D. balance 34. A. winning B. changing C. giving D. adopting 35. A. organized B. entered C. sponsored D. advocated 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the best-preserved core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis (中轴线) is now ____36____ consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status. Stretching over a distance of 7.8 kilometers, the Beijing Central Axis ____37____ (witness) China’s history since the 13th century. ____38____ (original) established in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), this exceptional path extends from the Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north to the Yongding Gate in the south. Many of Beijing’s most significant buildings are constructed along the axis, ____39____ (consist) of three world cultural heritage sites. It is the buildings along both sides of the axis ____40____ offer a glimpse into the lives of emperors and ordinary folks in history. It is said that the celebrated architect Liang Sicheng first used the term central axis in ____41____ (refer) to Beijing’s backbone. The central axis not only serves as a splendid representation of China’s principle of “respecting the center” in urban construction, ____42____ highlights harmony between man and nature. It has been 50 years since the birth of the World Heritage Convention, during ____43____ a total of 1, 154 heritage sites have been strictly evaluated around the world. In a world of change, World Heritage is ____44____ reminder of all that unites humanity. It is a _____45_____ (share) responsibility for each and every one of us. 第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华, 你校上周举行了一次医疗急救演练 (medical emergency drill)。请你为校英文报写一篇报道, 内容包括: 1. 时间、地点及参与人员; 2. 活动内容; 3. 你对这次活动的评论。 注意: 1. 词数80左右: 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 A Medical Emergency Drill ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At the age of twenty, I began to work at the Children’s zoo. Orphaned (使……成为孤儿的) members of the local native wildlife were brought to our zoo for care. The baby seals in our care were kept in the back building. My partner Ross had been working here for three years. He taught me a lot of methods to take care of the seals. Twice a day, we would bring them out to the man-made pond and allow them to swim. The pond was at the bottom of a waterfall of fresh, cold water. One day, as I walked in the freezing water with two baby seals, visitors gathered to watch. The seals stayed close to me. From time to time, they surfaced to take a breath and look around. A few minutes later, I saw a boy pointing at one and calling to his mother to come and see. As I walked around, the boy yelled, “Hey! Where’s the other one?” While one of the seals was near my leg, my eyes searched the pond for the other, Emileo. The water was clear and it was soon obvious Emileo was not where he should be. My heart skipped a beat as I realized he had swum under the rocks, which were there to hide the drain (排水管). There was a small, fist-sized hole on one end of the rocks, and another hole, just large enough for a baby seal, on the other end. But I was quite certain that the inside area was too narrow for Emileo to turn around in. “Oh no!” yelled the boy. “The little seal is under the rocks and can’t get out!” I immediately dove under the water and felt that small hole. Sure enough, Emileo was trying to get through it. And then, Ross came to the rescue. He dove under and attempted to reach Emileo through the larger opening, but he could not even touch it. “Ok, Frederick,” he said to me. “Dive under and push him back as far as you can. I’ll try to grab him from this side. Ready? Go!” he commanded. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 I held my breath, found Emileo still near the small opening and pushed as hard as I could. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the mother was comforting the boy, Ross burst out of the water, holding Emileo in hands, which looked very weak. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2022—2023学年度下学期期末考试高一年级英语试卷 第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分) 做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上, 录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man want to do in the future? A. Start his own business. B. Teach in a private school. C. Work at a London restaurant. 2. What does the man probably do? A. A hotel manager. B. A bank clerk. C. A taxi driver. 3. Why is the woman unhappy with the man? A. He was late to meet her. B. He didn’t tell her his location. C. He didn’t return the book on time. 4. What does the woman probably want to buy? A. Clothes. B. Colorful lights. C. Skin care products. 5. What is the man doing? A. Walking through a forest. B. Visiting the woman’s house. C. Planting flowers in his garden. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间, 每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料, 回答第6至7题 6. What role does the woman wish to take in the school play? A. The violinist. B. The writer. C. The actress. 7. Which instrument does the man learn to play recently? A. The guitar. B. The violin. C. The guzheng. 听第7段材料, 回答第8至9题。 8. Why does the woman give up getting her car fixed? A. It is beyond repair. B. She has to spend a lot fixing it. C. Her grandfather will buy her a new one. 9. How does the woman plan to get to school? A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By bike. 听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。 10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Co-workers C. Teacher and student. 11. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Go back to college. B. Find another job. C. Study with him. 12. How could the man be described? A. Unconfident. B. Impatient. C. Warm. 听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At the man’s home. B. On a street. C. In a camera shop. 14. How many camera shops are still open in town? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 15. Why does the man think some camera shops went out of business? A. Cameras are old-fashioned. B. There are fewer photographers. C. People buy things on the Internet. 16. What will the man do this weekend? A. Go to a camera shop. B. Take care of his friend’s kids. C. Take pictures for a wedding. 听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。 17. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. His school life. B. His writing career. C. His work experience. 18. What did the speaker end up studying at university? A. Science. B. Literature. C. Journalism and communication. 19. When will the science fiction be published? A. In 6 months. B. In 8 months. C. In 14 months. 20. How can the speaker be described? A. Aimless. B. Overconfident. C. Determined. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Everything you can see around you was once an invention, but do you ever wonder who the brains behind them were? Women have made numerous contributions throughout history, leaving an ever-lasting impact on society. Here are three things that were the brainchildren of women. Spray-on skin by Dr Fiona Wood Dr Fiona Wood introduced spray-on skin to the world in the 1990s. This changed the way in which burn victims used to be treated, as spray-on skin can be directly applied to wounds to form a new layer of skin that helps healing and reduces the risk of infection. Spray-on skin proved to be a popular game-changer that allowed burns and skin injuries to be treated more effectively and with less pain, and with Dr Wood’s constant improvements over the years, is now widely used in hospitals. Modern ironing beard by Sarah Boone Would you believe that clothing used to be ironed on wooden pieces balanced between chairs? It wasn’t until dressmaker Sarah Boone came along that the modern ironing board was created in 1892. Though it seems like a simple invention, Boone put a lot of thought into it. Apart from solving the initial problem of uneven ironing, Boone also made the ironing board’s legs foldable for ease of storage. Home security system by Marie Van Brittan Brown If you have a home security system installed (安装) for peace of mind, you have Marie Van Brittan Brown to thank. Brown had worked as a nurse and often went home alone at late hours. To give herself a sense of security, she worked on the first home security system with Albert Brown, her husband. Brown’s invention laid the groundwork for modern-day CCTV, including camera images and a two-way microphone system. Needless to say, this invention was ahead of its time and yet another product of necessity. 1. What is spray-on skin used for? A. To improve victims’ health condition. B. To treat burns and skin injuries. C. To prevent skin from being injured. D. To clean and cool down the burns. 2. Which words can best describe these inventions? A. Practical and well-thought. B. Digital and effective. C. Tech-based and affordable. D. Complicated and widely-used. 3. What is the purpose of this text? A. To highlight advanced inventions. B. To encourage pioneering inventions. C. To introduce significant inventions by women. D. To sing high praises for extraordinary women. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍三个由女性发明或改进的事物，展示了女性在历史和技术创新中的贡献。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This changed the way in which burn victims used to be treated, as spray-on skin can be directly applied to wounds to form a new layer of skin that helps healing and reduces the risk of infection.(这改变了过去治疗烧伤患者的方式，因为皮肤喷雾可以直接涂抹在伤口上，形成一层新的皮肤，有助于愈合并降低感染的风险。)”可知，皮肤喷雾用于治疗烧伤和皮肤损伤。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spray-on skin proved to be a popular game-changer that allowed burns and skin injuries to be treated more effectively and with less pain, and with Dr Wood’s constant improvements over the years, is now widely used in hospitals.(皮肤喷雾被证明是一种流行的游戏规则改变者，它可以更有效地治疗烧伤和皮肤损伤，而且疼痛更少，随着Wood博士多年来的不断改进，现在已经在医院广泛使用。)”、第三段“Though it seems like a simple invention, Boone put a lot of thought into it. Apart from solving the initial problem of uneven ironing, Boone also made the ironing board’s legs foldable for ease of storage.(虽然这看起来是一个简单的发明，但Boone在这上面花了很多心思。除了解决最初熨烫不均匀的问题外，Boone还使熨衣板的腿可以折叠，以便于储存。)”以及第四段“Brown’s invention laid the groundwork for modern-day CCTV, including camera images and a two-way microphone system. Needless to say, this invention was ahead of its time and yet another product of necessity. (Brown的发明为现代闭路电视奠定了基础，包括摄像机图像和双向麦克风系统。不用说，这项发明超越了它的时代，又是一种必需品。)”可看出，无论是喷雾皮肤、现代熨衣板还是家庭安全系统，它们都是为了解决实际问题而设计的，并且都经过了发明者的深思熟虑和不断改进。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Everything you can see around you was once an invention, but do you ever wonder who the brains behind them were? Women have made numerous contributions throughout history, leaving an ever-lasting impact on society. Here are three things that were the brainchildren of women. (你所看到的一切都曾经是一项发明，但你有没有想过它们背后的大脑是谁？女性在历史上做出了许多贡献，对社会产生了持久的影响。这里有三件事是女性的智慧结晶。)”以及全文内容可知，文章通过介绍三个重要的发明（喷雾皮肤、现代熨衣板和家庭安全系统），强调了这些发明都是由女性创造的，从而突出了女性在历史上的贡献。故选C。 B How do you get school pupils interested in poetry? It is hard. Glasgow-based performance poet Imogen Stirling has been on that mission in rural south-west Scotland over the past year or so. She admitted there had been an element of trick in her work. “I’ve learned that you just can never use the word poetry because that puts people off immediately,” she said. “To be honest, I had no interest in poetry when I was in school and I didn’t really resonate (引起共鸣) with the way that it was taught to me at all. So it did take me quite a long time from having sort of dipped into poetry at school to coming back to it because I really just didn’t think it was for me.” However, there are ways to get it across. “I think it’s more about bringing out the performative elements and the storytelling elements,” she said. “We’re really fortunate in that there are so many artists who are blending (融合) poetry and raps, which is a much more accessible art form, I think.” School visits are one part of her work in the region. “We come together once a month, to work together and help develop their skills as writers.” she said. “It is as much about skill development as it is about socializing with other writers and also locking on to see what a career in writing could look like.” Ms Stirling said poetry was more than producing work to end up in “some dusty books on a shelf”. Her own journey into performance poetry has been an indirect one after studying theater and literature. “I’d worked abroad as a musician for a couple of years, then came back to Glasgow and found that this really rich performance poetry scene existed, which had never been there to my knowledge when I’d been here studying.” she said. “I fell into that and frequented (常去) a lot of open mic nights.” Who knows, in the future, maybe some of her current students will be inspired to follow in her footsteps. 4. What did Ms Stirling think when at school? A. She would become a poet in the future. B. She hadn’t been taught poem skills. C. She was often too honest to be tricked. D. She wasn’t suitable to learn poetry at all. 5. How does Ms Stirling probably teach students to learn poetry? A. By letting them act poems out. B. By analyzing the elements of poetry. C. By turning poetry into popular raps. D. By inviting artists to talk about art. 6. What academic skills will students focus on during Ms Stirling’s visits? A. The judgment of a career in writing. B. The skills of writing poems. C. The ability to communicate with writers. D. The need to read dusty books on the shelf. 7. What attracted Ms Stirling back to Glasgow? A. The colorful night life. B. The familiar local environment. C. The sufficient scenes to perform poetry. D. The performance chance as a musician. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了格拉斯哥的表演诗人Imogen Stirling如何在农村地区引导学生对诗歌产生兴趣的经历。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To be honest, I had no interest in poetry when I was in school and I didn’t really resonate (引起共鸣) with the way that it was taught to me at all. So it did take me quite a long time from having sort of dipped into poetry at school to coming back to it because I really just didn’t think it was for me.”（说实话，我在学校的时候对诗歌毫无兴趣，我也完全不认同老师教我诗歌的方式。所以我确实花了很长时间才从在学校接触诗歌到重新回到它，因为我真的不认为它适合我。）可知，Imogen Stirling在学校时认为自己不适合学习诗歌。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I think it’s more about bringing out the performative elements and the storytelling elements,” she said.”（我认为更重要的是把表演元素和讲故事的元素带出来，”她说。）可推知，Imogen Stirling可能通过让他们表演诗歌来学习诗歌。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“We come together once a month, to work together and help develop their skills as writers.” she said.（我们每月聚在一起，共同学习，帮助他们提高写作技能。）可知，学生们在Imogen Stirling的访问期间将专注于提高写诗的技能。故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“I’d worked abroad as a musician for a couple of years, then came back to Glasgow and found that this really rich performance poetry scene existed, which had never been there to my knowledge when I’d been here studying.” she said.（我在国外做了几年音乐家，然后回到格拉斯哥，发现这里有一个非常丰富的表演诗歌场景，这在我学习时从未出现过。）可推知，丰富的表演诗歌场景吸引了Imogen Stirling回到格拉斯哥。故选C。 C Researchers at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) have created a chameleon-like (变色龙般的) material for construction that changes its infrared (红外的) color, as well as how much heat it absorbs or gives off, depending on the surrounding temperature. The material is identified as chameleons, which are recognized for their ability to adapt to their surroundings. On hot days, for example, the material can expel up to 92 percent of the infrared heat it contains, assisting in cooling the inside of a building. On colder days, the material releases only 7% of its infrared heat, which helps keep a building warm. “We’ve essentially figured out a low-energy way to treat a building like a person; you add a layer when you’re cold and take off a layer when you’re hot,” said Asst. Prof. Po-Chun Hsu who led the study. “This kind of smart material lets us maintain the temperature in a building without huge amounts of energy.” Buildings are projected to use 30% of the energy produced in the world and contribute 10% of greenhouse gas emissions (排放). About half of this carbon footprint is used for heating and cooling inner spaces. “For a long time, most of us have taken our indoor temperature control for granted without thinking about how much energy it requires,” said Hsu. “If we want a carbon-negative future, I think we have to consider diverse methods to control building temperature in a more energy-efficient way.” Researchers have described how the material can quickly change between the metal and liquid states. Moreover, they demonstrated that even after 1,800 cycles, the ability to change between the two states was still effective. The team created models of their material’s potential to lower energy costs in buildings in15 different cities, and they concluded that in a typical office building, the electricity needed to control the changes in the material would account for less than 0.2 percent of the building’s total electrical consumption. However, it might reduce the facility’s annual energy use by 8.4%. 8. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 2? A. To hide. B. To give off. C. To take in. D. To consume. 9. What is one way to have a carbon-negative future according to Po-Chun Hsu? A. To develop more smart materials. B. To take off a layer of the buildings. C. To give more layers to the buildings. D. To control building temperature smartly. 10. What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. The material is metal. B. The material is liquid. C. The material is wearable. D. The material is time-proof. 11. Which may be the best title for the text? A. Great New Material That Saves Energy B. America Cuts Down the Electricity Consumption C. New Chameleon-like Building Material to Save Energy D. The Chameleon Gives Scientists Inspiration to Develop New Material 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了芝加哥大学普利茨克分子工程学院的研究人员开发出一种类似变色龙的建筑材料，这种材料可以根据周围的温度改变其红外颜色以及吸收或释放的热量，从而有助于节能。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“assisting in cooling the inside of a building.”（帮助冷却建筑物内部。）可知，在炎热的日子里，这种材料可以排出其所含的92%的红外热量，这里的”expel”意为“排出”。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段”If we want a carbon-negative future, I think we have to consider diverse methods to control building temperature in a more energy-efficient way.”（如果我们想要一个碳负增长的未来，我认为我们必须考虑多种方法以更节能的方式控制建筑温度。）可推知，Po-Chun Hsu认为控制建筑温度的智能方式是实现碳负增长未来的一种方法，故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段”Researchers have described how the material can quickly change between the metal and liquid states. Moreover, they demonstrated that even after 1,800 cycles, the ability to change between the two states was still effective.”（研究人员已经描述了这种材料如何在金属和液态之间快速变化。此外，他们证明即使经过1800个周期，两种状态之间变化能力仍然有效。）可推知，这种材料具有耐用性，故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“Researchers at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) have created a chameleon-like (变色龙般) material for construction that changes its infrared (红外的) color, as well as how much heat it absorbs or gives off, depending on the surrounding temperature.”（芝加哥大学普利兹克分子工程学院(PME)的研究人员发明了一种类似变色龙的建筑材料，这种材料可以根据周围的温度改变其红外颜色，以及吸收或释放的热量。）和最后一段“However, it might reduce the facility’s annual energy use by 8.4%.”（然而，它可能会减少该设施每年8.4%的能源消耗）可知，文章主要讲述了一种新的类似变色龙的建筑材料，这种材料可以根据周围的温度改变其红外颜色以及吸收或释放的热量，从而有助于节能。所以短文的标题为“节能的新型变色龙建筑材料”。故选C。 D Voluntourism is a type of tourism in which travellers participate in volunteer work, usually for a charity or a non-profit, Most often, voluntourists travel for the specific purpose of volunteering in an organized way for specific causes, but others simply include volunteer aspects to a traditional vacation experience. Much like sustainable tourism as a whole, the legitimacy (合法性) or success of a voluntourism program depends highly on how it is managed. When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause. But it’s up to the individual volunteer, too, who has the added responsibility of staying informed and setting their destinations up for success. Ken Budd, author of the award-winning memoir The Voluntourist, says that countless organizations around the world create lasting results. The writer, who volunteered in at least six countries, speaks for it, such as teaching English in a Costa Rican elementary school that relied on volunteers when they couldn’t afford teachers. However, not all voluntourism programs are helping. A reporter for The New York Times wrote in 2016 about their experience with a group of people building a school in Haiti: “These people knew nothing about how to construct a building. Collectively they had spent thousands of dollars to fly here to do a job that Haitian bricklayers could have done far more quickly. Imagine how many classrooms might have been built if they had donated that money rather than spending it to fly down themselves. Perhaps those Haitian bricklayers could have found weeks of employment instead of out of a job, at least for several days.” If an organization can get free labor from an unskilled volunteer, they’re not spending money hiring locals to do the same work for a fee. In a poverty-stricken economy where residents are already struggling to find jobs, funds that go towards digging a well or building a school will have more of an impact if they stay within the local economy. Taking work from locals can prevent developing communities from self-establishment. Not to mention, volunteers who are untrained in whatever service they are providing can sometimes actually end up holding back progress. 12. How does the author introduce the topic “voluntourism”? A. By explaining its origin. B. By presenting its concept. C. By discussing its classification. D. By sorting out its causes. 13. What helps guarantee the success of a voluntourism program according to the passage? A. The purpose and legitimacy of a program. B. Participants’ previous voluntary experience. C. The degree of involvement of each volunteer. D. Proper control of the program and responsible volunteers. 14. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. Voluntourists’ donations to their destinations. B. The enthusiasm of people for rebuilding Haiti. C. The invisible problem brought by voluntourists. D. Voluntourists’ determination to make contributions. 15. What’s the author’s attitude to voluntourism? A. Objective. B. Indifferent, C. Favorable. D. Disapproving. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要谈论了公益旅游的概念，及其优点和可能带来的问题。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Voluntourism is a type of tourism in which travellers participate in volunteer work, usually for a charity or a non-profit.”（公益旅游是一种旅游类型，旅行者参与志愿者工作，通常是为了慈善或非营利组织。）可知，作者通过介绍其概念来引入“公益旅游”这个主题。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Much like sustainable tourism as a whole ,the legitimacy (合法性) or success of a voluntourism program depends highly on how it is managed. When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause. But it’s up to the individual volunteer, too, who has the added responsibility of staying informed and setting their destinations up for success.”（志愿者旅游项目的合法性或成功在很大程度上取决于它是如何管理的。如果做得正确，它可以帮助社区发展并真正为特定的事业提供帮助。但这也取决于每个志愿者，他们有保持了解并为他们的目的地成功做好准备的额外责任。）可知，公益旅游项目的成功取决于项目的适当管理和负责任的志愿者。故选D。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“However, not all voluntourism programs are helping. A reporter for The New York Times wrote in 2016 about their experience with a group of people building a school in Haiti: ‘These people knew nothing about how to construct a building. Collectively they had spent thousands of dollars to fly here to do a job that Haitian bricklayers could have done far more quickly. Imagine how many classrooms might have been built if they had donated that money rather than spending it to fly down themselves.’（然而，并不是所有的公益旅游项目都有帮助。2016年，《纽约时报》的一名记者写了他在海地一群人建造学校的经历：“这些人对如何建造建筑一无所知。他们总共花了几千美元飞到这里来做一件海地砌砖工人本来可以快得多的工作。想象一下，如果他们把钱捐出来，而不是把钱花在自己的飞机上，可能会建多少教室。）可住，第三段主要讨论了公益旅游可能带来的看不见的问题。故选C。 15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause.”（如果做得正确，它可以帮助社区发展，并真正为特定的事业带来好处）根据第三段“However, not all voluntourism programs are helping.”（然而，并不是所有的公益旅游项目都有帮助）可知，作者介绍了公益旅游的有点也介绍了其缺点，所以作者对公益旅游是客观的。故选A。 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine a friend has just asked how you’re feeling. You’re clearly upset but unable to express how you really feel. It’s incredibly difficult to understand how you feel and why. Yet, research shows that understanding your own emotions is essential to maintaining good mental health. ____16____ But it gets easier with practice. Practice daily self-reflection Self-reflection develops emotional awareness and is key to understanding why you feel the way you do. Activities such as journaling can be really beneficial in leaning about your thought processes. Free-writing, where you write out everything that’s on your mind without judgement, can be used to explore deeper into your thoughts and feelings. Think of it like getting into a car and just driving. ____17____ Turn to mindfulness ____18____ There are many ways to be mindful, from practising breathwork to sitting in silence Where emotional awareness is concerned, meditation (冥想), which can aid clarity, is recommended. Doing this regularly allows you to be more aware of the source of your emotions. Moreover, it enables you to come up with ways to manage them more effectively. ____19____ Sometimes what you really struggle with is putting your emotions into words. It can be difficult to feel heard by others if you don’t have the language. Try consulting The Emotion Wheel, developed by Dr Robert Plutchick in 1980. ____20____ It gives you a specific name for what you’re feeling, which is an excellent starting point for working through it. Reflecting on the messy and difficult emotions, you can not only find relief from those uncomfortable feelings but bring more joy and fulfillment into your lives too. A. Name what you’re feeling. B. Mask your real emotions. C. Go ahead, and get it all out on paper D. Being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial. E. Being honest with yourself for the first time may prove tough. F. It identifies eight primary emotions at the centre of the wheel. G. It’s a process of bringing your attention to the present moment. 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕如何理解和表达个人情绪这一主题展开，通过提供具体的建议和方法，帮助读者更好地处理和理解自己的情绪，以达到维护良好心理健康的目的。 【16题详解】 根据空后“But it gets easier with practice.(但是练习之后会更容易。)”可推测，空处指的是某件事很难。选项E“Being honest with yourself for the first time may prove tough.(第一次对自己诚实可能会很困难。)”指的是一开始对自己诚实很难，和下文内容一致，指的是随着练习，对自己诚实会容易些。故选E。 【17题详解】 根据空前内容“Activities such as journaling can be really beneficial in leaning about your thought processes. Free-writing, where you write out everything that’s on your mind without judgement, can be used to explore deeper into your thoughts and feelings. Think of it like getting into a car and just driving.(写日记之类的活动对了解你的思维过程非常有益。自由写作，就是你不加评判地写下你脑子里的一切，可以用来更深入地探索你的想法和感受。把它想象成钻进一辆车，然后开车。)”可知，上文建议可以将自己的想法写下来。选项C“Go ahead, and get it all out on paper(去吧，把这些都写在纸上)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是可以将心中的想法写下来。故选C。 【18题详解】 根据下文内容“There are many ways to be mindful, from practising breathwork to sitting in silence Where emotional awareness is concerned, meditation (冥想), which can aid clarity, is recommended. Doing this regularly allows you to be more aware of the source of your emotions.(保持正念的方法有很多，从练习呼吸法到安静地坐着，如果涉及到情绪意识，建议冥想，它可以帮助理清思路。经常这样做可以让你更清楚自己情绪的来源。)”可知，下文讲述的是正念的好处。选项G“It’s a process of bringing your attention to the present moment.(这是一个将你的注意力集中到当下的过程。)”自然引出下文内容，指的是正念可以将注意力集中到当下。故选G。 【19题详解】 空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Sometimes what you really struggle with is putting your emotions into words. It can be difficult to feel heard by others if you don’t have the language.(有时候你真正挣扎的是把你的情绪用语言表达出来。如果你不懂这种语言，别人很难听到你的声音。)”可知，本段讲述的是要用语言表达出自己的情绪。选项A“Name what you’re feeling.(说出你的感受。)”正是本段主要内容的概括。故选A。 【20题详解】 根据空前内容“Try consulting The Emotion Wheel, developed by Dr Robert Plutchick in 1980. (试着咨询一下Robert Plutchick博士在1980年开发的情绪轮。)”可知，想要表达出自己的情绪，可以试试情绪轮。选项F“It identifies eight primary emotions at the centre of the wheel.(它在轮子的中心确定了八种主要的情绪。)”中的“wheel”指的正是上文提到的“The Emotion Wheel”，与上文内容一致。故选F。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A 40-year-old mom has entered the history books by becoming the first female Olympian ever to complete a full triathlon in under 8 hours — breaking the world record by over 40 minutes. Two-time Olympic Nicola Spirig ____21____ the finish line in Germany in an astonishing 7 hours, 34 minutes and 19 seconds. She accomplished the ____22____ despite earlier this year breaking three ribs and fracturing (使断裂) her collarbone in a cycling accident that almost ____23____ her career. She recovered and went on to realize this lifelong triathlon ambition on the edge of ending her 20 years of international competitions and ____24____ the sport this year. The ____25____ race in Germany was organized specifically to let two of the world’s greatest female triathletes ___26___ against each other in a challenge to break the 8-hour barrier. ____27____ athletes broke the decade-long world record for women of 8 hours, 18 minutes and 13 seconds. Not only did Nicola beat her ____28____ record of 9 hours, 14 minutes and 7 seconds, but she crossed the line in a (n) ____29____ 7 hours, 34 minutes and 19 seconds — three minutes after Ironman champion Kat Matthews, a British army captain. “Nicola has _____30_____ the impossible and is the perfect embodiment (化身) of how the power of _____31_____ can overcome every obstacle toward fulfilling your dreams and ultimate ambition,” says Feliciano Robayna. “_____32_____ your career-long dream as a 40-year-old mother of three shows there is no _____33_____ that cannot be broken.” Beyond _____34_____ seven 70.3 Ironman titles and being on the stage at each half Ironman race she has ever _____35_____— Nicola has also managed to study to become a lawyer. 21. A. approached B. crossed C. completed D. blocked 22. A. task B. journey C. distance D. achievement 23. A. launched B. impacted C. ended D. ensured 24. A. dealing with B. carrying on C. participating in D. retiring from 25. A. unique B. permanent C. typical D. smooth 26. A. protect B. compete C. charge D. threaten 27. A. All B. Many C. Both D. Most 28. A. ambitious B. temporary C. remarkable D. personal 29. A. impressive B. reasonable C. individual D. specific 30. A. ignored B. identified C. deserved D. challenged 31. A. fame B. honor C. determination D. teamwork 32. A. Quitting B. Realizing C. Concluding D. Valuing 33. A. barrier B. promise C. rule D. balance 34. A. winning B. changing C. giving D. adopting 35. A. organized B. entered C. sponsored D. advocated 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一位女性奥运选手在三项全能赛中打破世界纪录的成就。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两届奥运会选手Nicola Spirig在德国以惊人的7小时34分19秒的成绩冲过终点线。A. approached接近、解决；B. crossed穿过、勾掉；C. completed完成；D. blocked阻塞。根据空后的“the finish line”以及下文“Not only did Nicola beat her ____8____ record of 9 hours, 14 minutes and 7 seconds, but she crossed the line in a (n) ____9____ 7 hours, 34 minutes and 19 seconds-three minutes after Ironman champion Kat Matthews, a British army captain.”可知，空处指的是冲过终点线。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管今年早些时候她在一次自行车事故中摔断了三根肋骨和锁骨骨折，几乎断送了她的职业生涯，但她还是实现了这一壮举。A. task任务；B. journey旅程；C. distance距离；D. achievement成就。根据上文“A 40-year-old mom has entered the history books by becoming the first female Olympian ever to complete a full triathlon in under 8 hours—breaking the world record by over 40 minutes.”可知，这是一个伟大的成就。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管今年早些时候她在一次自行车事故中摔断了三根肋骨和锁骨骨折，几乎断送了她的职业生涯，但她还是实现了这一壮举。A. launched发起、发射；B. impacted影响；C. ended结束；D. ensured确保。根据上文“She accomplished the ____2____ despite earlier this year breaking three ribs and fracturing (使断裂) her collarbone in a cycling accident”可推测，这次事故差点断送了自己的职业生涯。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她康复后继续实现这一终生的三项全能赛梦想，并在今年结束她20年的国际比赛生涯并退役之际实现了这一梦想。A. dealing with解决、处理；B. carrying on继续进行；C. participating in参加；D. retiring from退休。根据上文“ending her 20 years of international competitions”可知，她打算退役。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国的这场独特的比赛是专为世界上两位最优秀的女子铁人三项全能选手组织的，旨在挑战打破8小时大关。A. unique独特的；B. permanent永久的；C. typical典型的；D. smooth光滑的、平稳的。根据下文“was organized specifically to let two of the world’s greatest female triathletes ___6___ against each other”可知，这次比赛是专门为两位女性而组织的，因此是很独特的比赛。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：德国的这场比赛是专为世界上两位最优秀的女子铁人三项全能选手组织的，旨在挑战打破8小时大关。A. protect保护；B. compete竞争；C. charge控告、充电；D. threaten威胁。根据上文“The ____5____ race in Germany was organized specifically to let two of the world’s greatest female triathletes”可知，这次比赛是专为两位女性而举办，因此，是让她们互相竞争。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：两位运动员都打破了长达十年的女子8小时18分13秒的世界纪录。A. All一切；B. Many许多；C. Both两者都；D. Most大多数。根据上文“The ____5____ race in Germany was organized specifically to let two of the world’s greatest female triathletes ___6___ against each other, in a challenge to break the 8-hour barrier.” 可知，这次比赛是专为两位女性而举办，因此，空处指的是“两者都”打破了纪录。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Nicola不仅打破了自己9小时14分7秒的个人纪录，而且以令人印象深刻的7小时34分19秒的成绩冲过终点线——这比英国陆军上校、铁人三项冠军Kat Matthews慢了三分钟。A. ambitious有雄心的、有抱负的；B. temporary暂时的；C. remarkable非凡的、显著的；D. personal个人的。根据空后的“record of 9 hours, 14 minutes and 7 seconds”可知，这是她的个人纪录。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Nicola不仅打破了自己9小时14分7秒的个人纪录，而且以令人印象深刻的7小时34分19秒的成绩冲过终点线——这比英国陆军上校、铁人三项冠军Kat Matthews慢了三分钟。A. impressive印象深刻的；B. reasonable合理的；C. individual单独的；D. specific明确的。根据下文“7 hours, 34 minutes and 19 seconds-three minutes after Ironman champion Kat Matthews, a British army captain.”可知，这个成绩是令人印象深刻的。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Nicola挑战了不可能的事情，她是决心的力量如何克服一切障碍，实现梦想和最终抱负的完美化身，”Feliciano Robayna说。A. ignored忽视；B. identified鉴定、识别；C. deserved值得；D. challenged挑战。根据下文“is the perfect embodiment of how the power of ____11____ can overcome every obstacle toward fulfilling your dreams and ultimate ambition”可知，Nicola挑战了看似不可能的事情。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Nicola挑战了不可能的事情，她是决心的力量如何克服一切障碍，实现梦想和最终抱负的完美化身，”Feliciano Robayna说。A. fame名声；B. honor荣誉；C. determination决心；D. teamwork合作。根据上文内容可知，Nicola在遭遇事故之后，仍然完成了这一壮举，由此可推测，她所凭借的是巨大的决心。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名40岁的三个孩子的母亲，实现你职业生涯的梦想表明没有什么障碍是不能被打破的。A. Quitting停止；B. Realizing明白、实现；C. Concluding结束；D. Valuing珍视、重视。根据空后的“your career-long dream”以及第一段“A 40-year-old mom has entered the history books by becoming the first female Olympian ever to complete a full triathlon in under 8 hours—breaking the world record by over 40 minutes.”可知，她实现了自己的梦想。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名40岁的三个孩子的母亲，实现你职业生涯的梦想表明没有什么障碍是不能被打破的。A. barrier障碍；B. promise承诺；C. rule规则；D. balance平衡。根据上文“Nicola has ____10____ the impossible and is the perfect embodiment of how the power of ____11____ can overcome every obstacle toward fulfilling your dreams and ultimate ambition”可知，Nicola的故事告诉我们，决心可以战胜一切，由此可知，她的故事告诉我们，没有什么障碍是不能打破的。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了赢得七个70.3英里铁人三项赛冠军——以及在她参加过的每一场半程铁人三项赛中登上领奖台——Nicola还设法学习成为一名律师。A. winning获得、赢得；B. changing改变；C. giving给予；D. adopting领养、采纳。根据空后的“seven 70.3 Ironman titles”可知，这些都是她赢得的称号。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了赢得七个70.3英里铁人三项赛冠军——以及在她参加过的每一场半程铁人三项赛中登上领奖台——Nicola还设法学习成为一名律师。A. organized组织；B. entered进入、参加；C. sponsored赞助；D. advocated提倡。根据空前的“half Ironman race”可知，空处指的是她所参加的半程铁人赛事。故选B。 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the best-preserved core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis (中轴线) is now ____36____ consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status. Stretching over a distance of 7.8 kilometers, the Beijing Central Axis ____37____ (witness) China’s history since the 13th century. ____38____ (original) established in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), this exceptional path extends from the Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north to the Yongding Gate in the south. Many of Beijing’s most significant buildings are constructed along the axis, ____39____ (consist) of three world cultural heritage sites. It is the buildings along both sides of the axis ____40____ offer a glimpse into the lives of emperors and ordinary folks in history. It is said that the celebrated architect Liang Sicheng first used the term central axis in ____41____ (refer) to Beijing’s backbone. The central axis not only serves as a splendid representation of China’s principle of “respecting the center” in urban construction, ____42____ highlights harmony between man and nature. It has been 50 years since the birth of the World Heritage Convention, during ____43____ a total of 1, 154 heritage sites have been strictly evaluated around the world. In a world of change, World Heritage is ____44____ reminder of all that unites humanity. It is a _____45_____ (share) responsibility for each and every one of us. 【答案】36. under 37. has witnessed 38. Originally 39. consisting 40. that 41. referring 42. but 43. which 44. a 45. shared 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了北京中轴线的历史和现实意义。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意为：作为北京旧城最保存完好的核心区，中轴线现在正被联合国教科文组织考虑列入世界遗产名录。 under consideration 为固定搭配，意为“在考虑中”，符合句意。故答案为under 。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意为：北京中轴线绵延7.8公里，自13世纪以来见证了中国的历史。根据句意可知，此处表示北京中轴线见证了中国的历史，时间状语为since the 13th century ，故时态应用现在完成时，结构为 have / has done，主语为 the Beijing Central Axis ，故用 has done , witness 的过去分词为 witnessed。故答案为has witnessed。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：最初建于元朝（1271-1368)，这条非凡的小路北起鼓楼和钟楼，南至永定门。此处应用副词修饰动词“ established ”，句首单词首字母大写。故答案为Originally。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：北京许多最重要的建筑都是沿着中轴线建造的，由三处世界文化遗产组成。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，consist of 与其逻辑主语buildings 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。故答案为consisting。 【40题详解】 考查强调句。句意：正是中轴线两侧的建筑让人们得以一窥历史上帝王和普通人的生活。此处考查强调句型“ It is ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋其他”，此处强调主语“ the buildings along both sides of the axis ”。故答案为that。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：据说，著名建筑师梁思成首次使用“中轴线”一词指的就是北京的脊梁。in后接动名词referring作宾语。故答案为 referring。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：中轴线不仅是中国城市建设"尊重中心"原则的精彩体现，也凸显了人与自然的和谐。 not only … but ( also )…为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，符合句意。故答案为 but。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：自《世界遗产公约》诞生50年来，全球共严格评估了1154处遗产地。分析句子可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词为 the World Heritage Convention ，指物，在从句中作介词during宾语，故用which 。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在一个变化的世界里，世界遗产是人类团结的一个提醒。 reminder 为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词， reminder以辅音音素开头，故用a。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是我们每个人的共同责任。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词responsibility , shared 意为“共同的”，符合句意。故答案为shared。 第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华, 你校上周举行了一次医疗急救演练 (medical emergency drill)。请你为校英文报写一篇报道, 内容包括: 1. 时间、地点及参与人员; 2. 活动内容; 3. 你对这次活动的评论。 注意: 1. 词数80左右: 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 A Medical Emergency Drill ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Medical Emergency Drill Last Monday afternoon witnessed a medical emergency drill held by our school at the Student Center, which was aimed at raising our safety awareness and developing our life-saving skills. To begin with, a medical expert was invited to give us a lecture on first aid. Then a drill was carried out. Under instructions of medical professionals, we performed CPR step by step and treated wounds with bandages on our own. The drill was highly thought of. Not only did I recognize the significance of first aid, but I had a good command of it. I do believe I can make a difference in case of an emergency. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，考生所在校上周举行了一次医疗急救演练 (medical emergency drill)。请考生为校英文报写一篇报道。 【详解】1.词汇积累 首先：to begin with→first of all 实施：carry out→ put into practice 高度评价：think highly of→praise/acclaim 重要性：significance→importance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To begin with, a medical expert was invited to give us a lecture on first aid. 拓展句：To begin with, a medical expert was invited to give us a lecture on first aid, from which we learn a lot. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Last Monday afternoon witnessed a practical first aid drill held by our school at the Student Center, which was aimed at raising our safety awareness and developing our life-saving skills.（运用了过去分词作后置定语，which引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Not only did we recognize the significance of first aid, but we had a good command of it.（运用了Not only置于句首引起的部分倒装） 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At the age of twenty, I began to work at the Children’s zoo. Orphaned (使……成为孤儿的) members of the local native wildlife were brought to our zoo for care. The baby seals in our care were kept in the back building. My partner Ross had been working here for three years. He taught me a lot of methods to take care of the seals. Twice a day, we would bring them out to the man-made pond and allow them to swim. The pond was at the bottom of a waterfall of fresh, cold water. One day, as I walked in the freezing water with two baby seals, visitors gathered to watch. The seals stayed close to me. From time to time, they surfaced to take a breath and look around. A few minutes later, I saw a boy pointing at one and calling to his mother to come and see. As I walked around, the boy yelled, “Hey! Where’s the other one?” While one of the seals was near my leg, my eyes searched the pond for the other, Emileo. The water was clear and it was soon obvious Emileo was not where he should be. My heart skipped a beat as I realized he had swum under the rocks, which were there to hide the drain (排水管). There was a small, fist-sized hole on one end of the rocks, and another hole, just large enough for a baby seal, on the other end. But I was quite certain that the inside area was too narrow for Emileo to turn around in. “Oh no!” yelled the boy. “The little seal is under the rocks and can’t get out!” I immediately dove under the water and felt that small hole. Sure enough, Emileo was trying to get through it. And then, Ross came to the rescue. He dove under and attempted to reach Emileo through the larger opening, but he could not even touch it. “Ok, Frederick,” he said to me. “Dive under and push him back as far as you can. I’ll try to grab him from this side. Ready? Go!” he commanded. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 I held my breath, found Emileo still near the small opening and pushed as hard as I could. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the mother was comforting the boy, Ross burst out of the water, holding Emileo in hands, which looked very weak. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I held my breath, found Emileo still near the small opening and pushed as hard as I could. Emileo was frightened and injured from his previous attempts. He accidentally hurt himself over the edge of the hole. Seeing this, the boy cried anxiously. My heart also ached for Emileo as I watched him struggle and noticed the fresh wounds on his sleek, silvery skin. The injuries seemed minor, but it was evident that his fear increased. Slowly, I extended a cautious hand towards him, speaking in soft tones to reassure him. Meanwhile, I was slowly pushing Emileo. Just then, my partner Ross grabbed him through the larger opening and carried him out of the hole. When the mother was comforting the boy, Ross burst out of the water, holding Emileo in hands, which looked very weak. As he reached the safety of the pond, a small crowd that had gathered at the edge of the pond rushed forward to help. With a grateful smile, Ross gently handed Emileo to a marine mammal expert who had arrived at the scene. The expert carefully examined Emileo’s injuries and concluded that he would require some medical attention to fully recover. Emileo’s journey to recovery had officially begun.With the good care of the doctor, he would receive specialized care, including treatment for his minor injuries and assistance in regaining his strength. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在儿童动物园工作时的一次救援经历，详细叙述了海豹Emileo陷入困境的情境、救援的经过以及最后的结果，同时穿插了作者与搭档、游客之间的互动，以及海豹和男孩之间的情感联系。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我屏住呼吸，发现Emileo还在那个小洞口附近，便使出全身的力气推过去。”以及第二段首句内容“当母亲在安慰男孩时，Ross从水里冲了出来，双手抱着Emileo，看起来很虚弱。”可知，第一段可描写作者和Ross终于救出了Emileo。 ②由第二段首句内容“当母亲在安慰男孩时，Ross从水里冲了出来，双手抱着Emileo，看起来很虚弱。”可知，第二段可描写Emileo得救了，并获得了及时的救助。 2.续写线索：作者使出全身力气推过去——Emileo的反应——同事Ross抱着Emileo——Emileo很虚弱——后续救治Emileo的过程 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①伸手：extend a hand/stretch out a hand ②到达：reach/arrive at/get to ③需要：require/need 情绪类 ①害怕的：frightened/scared ②焦急地：anxiously/with anxiety 【点睛】【高分句型1】My heart also ached for Emileo as I watched him struggle and noticed the fresh wounds on his sleek, silvery skin.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】As he reached the safety of the pond, a small crowd that had gathered at the edge of the pond rushed forward to help.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$