Unit 5 Languages Around the World Reading and Thinking 知识语法全覆盖讲解 讲义-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages Around The World 世界上的语言 Reading and Thinking THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。 难点词汇和常见变形 1. Civilisation（文明） · 变形：civilizations（复数形式） · 例句：The ancient civilisation of Egypt is well-known for its pyramids. 2. Continue（继续） · 变形：continues（现在时），continued（过去式和过去分词），continuing（现在分词） · 例句：The tradition continues even today despite many changes. 3. Ups and downs（波折，起伏） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：The company has experienced many ups and downs over the years. 4. Factor（因素） · 变形：factors（复数形式） · 例句：There are several factors that contribute to the success of a business. 5. Writing system（书写系统） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：The Chinese writing system is one of the oldest in the world. 短语的常见固定搭配及其用法： 1. Civilisation（文明） · Ancient civilisation: 古代文明 · 例句： The ancient civilisation of Mesopotamia is known for its early innovations in writing. · Advanced civilisation: 先进文明 · 例句： The Mayan civilisation is considered one of the most advanced of its time. · Lost civilisation: 消失的文明 · 例句： The lost civilisation of Atlantis has been the subject of many myths and legends. · Civilisation emerges: 文明出现 · 例句： The rise of agriculture led to the emergence of complex civilisations. 2. Continue（继续） · Continue to do: 继续做某事 · 例句： The company plans to continue to expand its operations globally. · Continue with: 继续进行（某事） · 例句： We will continue with the project as scheduled despite the challenges. · Continue doing: 继续做同一件某事 · 例句： She continued studying late into the night. · Continue for: 持续多久 · 例句： The concert continued for over three hours. 3. Ups and downs（波折，起伏） · Ups and downs in life: 人生的起伏 · 例句： Everyone faces ups and downs in life, but it's important to stay resilient. · Ups and downs of the economy: 经济的波动 · 例句： The ups and downs of the economy affect job stability and market conditions. · Experience ups and downs: 经历波折 · 例句： The team has experienced many ups and downs throughout the season. · Emotional ups and downs: 情绪波动 · 例句： She had to cope with the emotional ups and downs of her new job. 4. Factor（因素） · Key factor: 关键因素 · 例句： The key factor in the company's success is its innovative technology. · Contributing factor: 促进因素 · 例句： Poor diet is a contributing factor to many health issues. · Risk factor: 风险因素 · 例句： Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. · Decisive factor: 决定性因素 · 例句： The decisive factor in the election was voter turnout. 5. Writing system（书写系统） · Chinese writing system: 汉字书写系统 · 例句： The Chinese writing system is one of the oldest and most complex in the world. · Alphabetic writing system: 字母书写系统 · 例句： English uses an alphabetic writing system with 26 letters. · Develop a writing system: 发展书写系统 · 例句： Many ancient cultures developed their own writing systems to record information. · Adapt a writing system: 适应书写系统 · 例句： The Latin alphabet was adapted by many languages around the world. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. 汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些骨头和壳上面刻画简单的符号。这些符号在今天的汉字中仍可看到。 难点单词和常见变形 1. Picture-based（基于图像的） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：A picture-based writing system uses images to represent ideas or objects. 2. Dates back（追溯到） · 变形：date back (原形), dates back (现在时), dated back (过去时), dating back (现在分词) · 例句：The tradition dates back over a century. 3. Longgu（龙骨） · 变形：这个词没有常见的变形，因为它是专有名词 · 例句：Longgu were used in ancient China for divination practices. 4. Animal bones（动物骨头） · 变形：bone（单数形式），bones（复数形式） · 例句：Animal bones were used in ancient Chinese divination rituals. 5. Shells（贝壳） · 变形：shell（单数形式） · 例句：The ancient Chinese used shells as one of the materials for divination. 6. Symbols（符号） · 变形：symbol（单数形式），symbols（复数形式） · 例句：The symbols carved on the longgu were early forms of writing. 7. Carved（雕刻的） · 变形：carve（原形），carves（现在时），carved（过去式和过去分词），carving（现在分词） · 例句：The artisans carved intricate designs into the stone. 8. Ancient（古代的） · 变形：ancients（复数形式，指古人） · 例句：Ancient civilizations left behind many artifacts that provide insight into their cultures. 9. Hanzi（汉字） · 变形：此词是专有名词，通常不变形 · 例句：Hanzi are the characters used in the modern Chinese writing system. 例句和短语使用： 1. Picture-based: · Picture-based language: 基于图像的语言 · Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs are an example of a picture-based language. 2. Dates back: · Dates back to: 追溯到 · The practice dates back to the Ming Dynasty. · Date back several centuries: 追溯到几个世纪前 · The artifacts date back several centuries. 3. Longgu: · Longgu inscriptions: 龙骨铭文 · Longgu inscriptions provide valuable information about early Chinese writing. 4. Animal bones: · Animal bones used in divination: 用于占卜的动物骨头 · Animal bones were used in divination rituals in ancient China. 5. Shells: · Shells used in rituals: 用于仪式的贝壳 · Shells were often used in ancient Chinese rituals. 6. Symbols: · Ancient symbols: 古代符号 · Many ancient symbols are still found in modern Chinese characters. 7. Carved: · Carved inscriptions: 雕刻的铭文 · The carved inscriptions on the bones reveal early Chinese writing practices. 8. Ancient: · Ancient times: 古代 · Many ancient times practices are still studied today. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE). 到商朝(约公元前1600年一前1046年)时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝(公元前221年一前207年)秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。 难点单词和常见变形 1. Dynasty（朝代） · 变形：dynasties（复数形式） · 例句：The Ming Dynasty is known for its contributions to art and culture. 2. Symbols（符号） · 变形：symbol（单数形式） · 例句：The ancient symbols were used for religious ceremonies. 3. Well-developed（成熟的） · 变形：此形容词短语通常不变形 · 例句：The well-developed infrastructure of the city supports its growing population. 4. Writing system（书写系统） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：The Latin alphabet is a widely used writing system. 5. Develop（发展） · 变形：develops（现在时），developed（过去式和过去分词），developing（现在分词） · 例句：The technology has developed significantly over the past decade. 6. Geographically（地理上） · 变形：此副词通常不变形 · 例句：The country is divided geographically into several regions. 7. Varieties（种类） · 变形：variety（单数形式） · 例句：The store offers a wide variety of products. 8. Dialect（方言） · 变形：dialects（复数形式） · 例句：Different regions in China have their own unique dialects. 9. Character（字符） · 变形：characters（复数形式） · 例句：Learning Chinese characters can be challenging for beginners. 10. Changed（改变） · 变形：change（原形），changes（现在时），changing（现在分词） · 例句：The policy has changed to reflect the new regulations. 11. Emperor（皇帝） · 变形：emperors（复数形式） · 例句：The emperor ruled with absolute authority over the empire. 12. Qin Dynasty（秦朝） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：The Qin Dynasty is known for unifying China and standardizing the writing system. 常见短语和例句 1. Dynasty: · Shang Dynasty: 商朝 · 例句： The Shang Dynasty is one of the earliest Chinese dynasties. · Qin Dynasty: 秦朝 · 例句： The Qin Dynasty established the first unified Chinese empire. 2. Symbols: · Ancient symbols: 古代符号 · 例句： Ancient symbols were used in various rituals and inscriptions. · Religious symbols: 宗教符号 · 例句： Religious symbols often carry significant meaning in different cultures. 3. Well-developed: · Well-developed system: 发达的系统 · 例句： The well-developed transportation network facilitates trade across the region. · Well-developed skills: 技能成熟 · 例句： She has well-developed skills in graphic design. 4. Writing system: · Complex writing system: 复杂的书写系统 · 例句： The Chinese writing system is known for its complexity. · Ancient writing system: 古代书写系统 · 例句： The ancient writing system of Sumer was one of the earliest known. 5. Develop: · Develop into: 发展成 · 例句： The small town developed into a bustling city over the decades. · Develop over time: 随着时间发展 · 例句： The technology has developed significantly over time. 6. Geographically: · Geographically divided: 地理上分割的 · 例句： The country is geographically divided into several distinct regions. · Geographically isolated: 地理上孤立的 · 例句： The remote island is geographically isolated from the mainland. 7. Varieties: · Different varieties: 不同的种类 · 例句： The market offers different varieties of fruits and vegetables. · Many varieties: 许多种类 · 例句： The bookshop stocks many varieties of literature. 8. Dialect: · Local dialect: 地方方言 · 例句： Each region has its own local dialect. · Regional dialect: 区域方言 · 例句： The regional dialects can be very different from the standard language. 9. Character: · Chinese characters: 汉字 · 例句： Learning Chinese characters requires memorizing many different symbols. · Character development: 字符开发 · 例句： Character development is crucial in writing compelling stories. 10. Changed: · Significantly changed: 显著改变 · 例句： The city has significantly changed since the new policies were implemented. · Changed under: 在……下改变 · 例句： The system changed under the new management. 11. Emperor: · Reign of the emperor: 皇帝的统治 · 例句： The reign of the emperor marked a period of great change in the empire. · Emperor’s decree: 皇帝的法令 · 例句： The emperor’s decree was enforced throughout the kingdom. 12. Qin Dynasty: · Qin Dynasty reforms: 秦朝改革 · 例句： The Qin Dynasty reforms standardized weights and measures across China. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写(汉字)进行交流。 难点单词和常见变形 1. Emperor（皇帝） · 变形：emperors（复数形式） · 例句：The emperor was revered as a divine ruler in ancient China. 2. United（统一的） · 变形：unite（原形），unites（现在时），uniting（现在分词），united（过去式和过去分词） · 例句：The states were united under a single government. 3. Unified（统一的） · 变形：此形容词通常不变形 · 例句：A unified country is often stronger in both defense and economy. 4. Chinese writing system（汉字书写系统） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：The Chinese writing system is one of the oldest in the world. 5. Develop（发展） · 变形：develops（现在时），developed（过去式和过去分词），developing（现在分词） · 例句：The technology has developed rapidly in recent years. 6. Importance（重要性） · 变形：重要性的名词形式 · 例句：The importance of communication in a globalized world cannot be overstated. 7. Unite（统一） · 变形：unites（现在时），uniting（现在分词），united（过去式和过去分词） · 例句：The leader’s goal was to unite the diverse factions into a cohesive group. 8. Dialect（方言） · 变形：dialects（复数形式） · 例句：The region is home to a variety of dialects. 9. Communicate（沟通） · 变形：communicates（现在时），communicated（过去式和过去分词），communicating（现在分词），communication 名词 · 例句：We use technology to communicate with people around the world. 常见短语和例句 1. Emperor: · Emperor Qinshihuang: 秦始皇 · 例句： Emperor Qinshihuang is known for his role in unifying China. · Emperor's rule: 皇帝的统治 · 例句： The emperor’s rule was characterized by centralization and reform. 2. United: · United states: 统一的国家 · 例句： The United States was formed by the union of several colonies. · United effort: 共同努力 · 例句： A united effort from all team members is required for success. 3. Unified: · Unified country: 统一的国家 · 例句： The unified country emerged as a powerful entity on the global stage. · Unified approach: 统一的方法 · 例句： A unified approach to problem-solving helps streamline processes. 4. Chinese writing system: · Traditional Chinese writing system: 传统汉字书写系统 · 例句： The traditional Chinese writing system is still used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. · Simplified Chinese writing system: 简化汉字书写系统 · 例句： The simplified Chinese writing system is used in mainland China. 5. Develop: · Develop in one direction: 向一个方向发展 · 例句： The technology developed in one direction, focusing on user experience. · Develop over time: 随着时间发展 · 例句： The city developed over time into a major cultural and economic hub. 6. Importance: · Great importance: 极大的重要性 · 例句： The preservation of cultural heritage holds great importance for future generations. · Significance and importance: 意义和重要性 · 例句： Understanding the significance and importance of language helps in bridging cultural gaps. 7. Unite: · Unite the people: 统一人民 · 例句： The leader aimed to unite the people through shared goals and values. · Unite for a cause: 为一个事业联合 · 例句： Various organizations united for a cause to tackle climate change. 8. Dialect: · Regional dialect: 区域方言 · 例句： Each region in the country has its own regional dialect. · Dialect differences: 方言差异 · 例句： Dialect differences can sometimes create communication barriers. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 1. Means（手段） · 变形：此名词形式不变形 · 例句：Education is a means of personal and professional development. 2. Connected（连接的） · 变形：connect（原形），connects（现在时），connecting（现在分词），connected（过去式和过去分词） · 例句：The internet has connected people from all over the world. 3. Classic（经典的） · 变形：此形容词通常不变形 · 例句：The classic novel is still widely read today. 4. High regard（高度重视） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：He is held in high regard by his colleagues for his contributions. 5. Calligraphy（书法） · 变形：此名词形式不变形 · 例句：Calligraphy is an important artistic expression in many cultures. 6. Art form（艺术形式） · 变形：此短语通常不变形 · 例句：Dance is considered an art form that combines movement with emotion. 常见短语和例句 1. Means: · Means of communication: 沟通手段 · 例句： Email and social media are modern means of communication. · Means of transport: 交通工具 · 例句： Trains and buses are common means of transport in many cities. 2. Connected: · Connected with: 与……相关联 · 例句： The new policy is closely connected with the company's overall strategy. · Connected through: 通过……相连接 · 例句： They are connected through a mutual interest in technology. 3. Classic: · Classic work: 经典作品 · 例句： Shakespeare's plays are considered classic works of English literature. · Classic 例句： 经典例子 · 例句： The Mona Lisa is a classic example of Renaissance art. 4. High regard: · Hold in high regard: 对……高度重视 · 例句： The professor is held in high regard for her groundbreaking research. · Have high regard for: 对……有高度评价 · 例句： They have high regard for the company’s commitment to sustainability. 5. Calligraphy: · Chinese calligraphy: 中国书法 · 例句： Chinese calligraphy is known for its expressive brush strokes and aesthetic appeal. · Art of calligraphy: 书法艺术 · 例句： The art of calligraphy requires both skill and creativity. 6. Art form: · Traditional art form: 传统艺术形式 · 例句： Traditional art forms often reflect the cultural heritage of a community. · Performing art form: 表演艺术形式 · 例句： Ballet is a performing art form that combines dance with theatrical performance. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 今天，汉字仍然是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 难点单词和常见变形 1. Role（角色） · 变形：roles（复数形式） · 例句：She plays a key role in the success of the project. 2. Global（全球的） · 变形：此形容词通常不变形 · 例句：Global warming is a serious issue affecting the entire planet. 3. Affairs（事务） · 变形：此名词的复数形式通常不变形 · 例句：The company is involved in various international affairs. 4. Increasing（不断增加的） · 变形：increase（原形），increases（现在时），increasing（现在分词），increased（过去式和过去分词） · 例句：There is an increasing interest in learning foreign languages. 5. Appreciate（欣赏） · 变形：appreciates（现在时），appreciated（过去式和过去分词），appreciating（现在分词） · 例句：I appreciate your help with the project. 6. Amazing（惊人的） · 变形：此形容词通常不变形 · 例句：The view from the top of the mountain was amazing. 常见短语和例句 1. Role: · Play a role: 扮演角色 · 例句： Technology plays a significant role in modern education. · Role in: 在……中的角色 · 例句： The country plays a crucial role in global trade. 2. Global: · Global affairs: 全球事务 · 例句： Global affairs often involve international diplomacy and economic policies. · Global impact: 全球影响 · 例句： Climate change has a global impact on weather patterns. 3. Affairs: · International affairs: 国际事务 · 例句： The diplomat was well-versed in international affairs and negotiations. · Business affairs: 商务事务 · 例句： The company manages its business affairs with great professionalism. 4. Increasing: · Increasing number: 不断增加的数量 · 例句： There is an increasing number of people interested in environmental issues. · Increasingly important: 越来越重要 · 例句： Digital skills are becoming increasingly important in the job market. 5. Appreciate: · Appreciate culture: 欣赏文化 · 例句： Studying abroad helps students appreciate different cultures. · Appreciate history: 欣赏历史 · 例句： Visiting historical sites can help one appreciate a country’s history. 6. Amazing: · Amazing language: 惊人的语言 · 例句： The Chinese language is amazing due to its rich history and complexity. · Amazing discovery: 惊人的发现 · 例句： The scientist made an amazing discovery that could change the field of medicine. 重点语法： 重点语法总结 1. "China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times" · 敲重点: · 被动语态（"is widely known"） · 关系从句（"which has continued all the way through into modern times"） 2. "despite the many ups and downs in its history" · 敲重点: · 介词短语（"despite"） · 名词短语（"the many ups and downs"） 3. "There are many reasons why this has been possible" · 敲重点: · 句型（"There are"）：引入存在的原因。 · 关系从句（"why this has been possible"）：解释原因。 4. "one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system" · 敲重点: · 现在完成时（"has been"）：表示过去至今的持续状态。 5. "Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi" · 敲重点: · 情态动词（"can"）：表示可能性。 · 被动语态（"can still be seen"）：强调符号的持续可见性。 6. "By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system" · 敲重点: · 过去完成时（"had become"）：表示在过去某一时间点之前的状态。 · 介词短语（"By the Shang Dynasty"）：设定历史背景。 7. "Over the years, the system developed into different forms" · 敲重点: · 介词短语（"Over the years"）：表示时间的延续。 8. "as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters" · 敲重点: · 关系从句（"when people were divided geographically"）：描述背景。 · 现在分词短语（"leading to"）：表明因果关系。 9. "This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang" · 敲重点: · 介词短语（"under Emperor Qinshihuang"）：提供背景信息。 10. "Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country" · 敲重点: · 名词短语（"one unified country"）：描述统一的结果。 11. "where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction" · 敲重点: · 关系从句（"where the Chinese writing system began to develop"）：描述背景。 12. "That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture" · 敲重点: · 名词短语（"of great importance"）：强调重要性。 13. "Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak" · 敲重点: · 副词短语（"Even today"）：强调持续性。 · 条件从句（"no matter where...live or what...speak"）：引入条件。 14. "Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past" · 敲重点: · 现在完成时（"has become"）：表示持续的意义。 · 名词短语（"an important means"）：描述书写系统的作用。 · 关系从句（"by which China’s present is connected with its past"）：解释书写系统如何连接现在与过去。 15. "People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times" · 敲重点: · 关系从句（"which were written by Chinese"）：提供经典作品的更多信息。 16. "The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form" · 敲重点: · 被动语态（"can be seen"）：强调可观察到的尊重。 · 名词短语（"The high regard"）：描述对书写系统的尊重。 · 关系从句（"as an art form"）：解释书写系统作为艺术形式的地位。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$