Unit 4 Natural disasters Reading for Writing 知识语法全覆盖讲解讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 自然灾害 Reading for Writing TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6, 500 DEAD 海啸袭击亚洲：6500多人丧生 By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004 罗伯特·伍德豪斯  2004年12月27日 星期一 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed. 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6,500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7:00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1,870人死亡。  Earthquake（地震） · 变形：earthquakes（复数形式） · 例句：The earthquake caused significant damage to the infrastructure.  Tsunami（海啸） · 变形：tsunamis（复数形式） · 例句：The tsunami flooded entire coastal towns.  Coastline（海岸线） · 变形：coastlines（复数形式） · 例句：The coastlines of several countries were affected by the disaster.  Magnitude（震级） · 变形：magnitudes（复数形式） · 例句：The magnitude of the earthquake was measured at 7.5.  Strike（袭击，打击） · 变形：struck（过去式），strikes（现在时） · 例句：The earthquake struck early in the morning, causing widespread panic.  Swept away（被冲走） · 变形：swept away（过去分词） · 例句：The floodwaters swept away many homes and vehicles.  Killing（杀死，造成死亡） · 变形：killed（过去分词） · 例句：The disaster killed thousands of people across multiple countries.  Strong（强烈的） · 变形：stronger（比较级），strongest（最高级） · 例句：The earthquake was the strongest in the region's history.  Undersea（海底的） · 例句：The undersea quake triggered a massive tsunami.  Quake（地震） · 变形：quakes（复数形式） · 例句：Several quakes were felt in the aftermath of the main event.  Island（岛屿） · 变形：islands（复数形式） · 例句：Sumatra Island experienced severe damage from the quake. 常用短语：  Earthquake · Earthquake disaster: 震灾 · The earthquake disaster left thousands homeless. · Earthquake tremors: 地震震动 · Residents felt the earthquake tremors even in nearby cities. · Aftershocks of an earthquake: 地震后的余震 · The area experienced several aftershocks of the earthquake. · Seismic earthquake: 震动地震 · Seismic earthquakes are particularly damaging to poorly constructed buildings.  Tsunami · Tsunami warning: 海啸警报 · A tsunami warning was issued shortly after the earthquake. · Tsunami waves: 海啸波浪 · The tsunami waves reached the shore within minutes of the quake. · Tsunami hit: 海啸袭击 · The tsunami hit the coastal towns with devastating force. · Tsunami relief: 海啸救援 · International teams mobilized for tsunami relief efforts.  Coastline · Coastline erosion: 海岸线侵蚀 · Coastline erosion has become a serious issue due to rising sea levels. · Coastline protection: 海岸线保护 · Coastline protection measures include building sea walls and planting vegetation.  Magnitude · Magnitude of the earthquake: 地震震级 · The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded at 8.5 on the Richter scale. · Magnitude scale: 震级尺度 · The magnitude scale helps measure the energy released during an earthquake. · Magnitude of impact: 影响的程度 · The magnitude of the impact on local communities was significant. · Large magnitude: 大震级 · The large magnitude of the earthquake caused widespread destruction.  Strike · Strike a balance: 达到平衡 · It's important to strike a balance between work and leisure. · Strike a deal: 达成协议 · The two companies were able to strike a deal after lengthy negotiations. · Strike a chord: 引起共鸣 · Her speech struck a chord with many in the audience. · Strike a pose: 摆姿势 · The model struck a pose for the photographers. · Strike at (or) against: 袭击，攻击 · The earthquake struck at the heart of the city.  Swept away · Swept away by the flood: 被洪水冲走 · Many homes were swept away by the floodwaters. · Swept away by emotions: 被情感冲动所驱动 · She was swept away by emotions during the dramatic scene. · Swept away in the crowd: 在人群中被冲走 · He was swept away in the crowd at the concert. · Swept away by the current: 被水流冲走 · The strong current swept away several boats.  Killing · Killing time: 消磨时间 · She spent the afternoon killing time at the café. · Killing field: 战场，屠杀场 · The area was once a killing field during the conflict. · Killing two birds with one stone: 一石二鸟 · By attending the conference and meeting clients, he was killing two birds with one stone.  Undersea · Undersea exploration: 海底探险 · The team embarked on undersea exploration to study marine life. · Undersea earthquake: 海底地震 · The undersea earthquake triggered a tsunami that affected many coastal regions. · Undersea cable: 海底电缆 · The undersea cable is crucial for international telecommunications. · Undersea volcano: 海底火山 · An undersea volcano erupted, causing a significant geological event.  Quake · Quake activity: 地震活动 · Increased quake activity was observed along the fault line. · Quake zone: 地震带 · The region is known as a quake zone due to frequent seismic activity. · Quake damage: 地震损害 · The quake damage was extensive, with many buildings destroyed. · Quake-resistant: 抗震的 · The new construction is quake-resistant, designed to withstand strong earthquakes. In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety,” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1,600千米处，死亡人数高达2,498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1,900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1,900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说:“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。”  Death（死亡） · 变形：deaths（复数形式）die动词； dead 形容词； dying 形容词，濒死的 · 例句：The earthquake resulted in numerous deaths across several countries.  Affect（影响） · 变形：affected（过去分词），affects（现在时），affecting（现在分词） · 例句：The tsunami affected millions of people in the region.  Local（当地的） · 变形：locals（名词复数形式） · 例句：Local officials are working tirelessly to help those affected by the disaster.  Safety（安全） · 变形：safeties（复数形式，通常指安全设备）safe形容词，安全的 · 例句：The priority was to get everyone to safety as quickly as possible.  Centre（中心） · 变形：centres（复数形式）central 中心的 · 例句：The earthquake's epicenter was located in the centre of the affected region. 重点短语：  Affect · Affect change: 影响改变 · Her speech had the power to affect change in public policy. · Affect the outcome: 影响结果 · The weather conditions can significantly affect the outcome of the event. · Emotionally affect: 情感上影响 · The news emotionally affected everyone in the room. · Directly affect: 直接影响 · The new regulations will directly affect the company's operations  Centre · Emergency centre: 紧急中心 · The emergency centre was established to coordinate disaster response. · Cultural centre: 文化中心 · The cultural centre hosts various events and exhibitions. · Community centre: 社区中心 · The community centre offers recreational activities for local residents. · At the centre of: 处于...的中心 · The city was at the centre of the economic boom. Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。  Expected（预期的） · 变形：expect（原形），expected（过去分词），expecting（现在分词） · 例句：The number of deaths is expected to grow in the coming days.  Foreign aid（外国援助） · 变形：foreign aids（复数形式，但常用单数形式） · 例句：Foreign aid is crucial for the recovery of tsunami-hit countries.  Organise（组织） · 变形：organise（原形），organises（现在时），organised（过去分词），organising（现在分词） · 例句：Foreign aid is being organised to assist the affected regions.  Tsunami-hit（受海啸影响的） · 变形：tsunami-hit（作为复合形容词使用，不变形） · 例句：The tsunami-hit areas are in urgent need of assistance.  Conditions（条件） · 变形：condition（单数形式） · 例句：Dangerous conditions are complicating rescue efforts.  Damaged（受损的） · 变形：damage（原形），damaged（过去分词），damaging（现在分词） · 例句：Damaged roads are making it difficult to deliver aid.  Deliver（递送） · 变形：delivers（现在时），delivered（过去分词），delivering（现在分词） · 例句：It is challenging to deliver food and supplies to the affected areas.  Supplies（供应品） · 变形：supply（单数形式） · 例句：Efforts are underway to ensure that supplies reach those in need. 重点短语：  Expected · Expected outcome: 预期结果 · The expected outcome of the experiment was achieved. · Expected growth: 预期增长 · The company is planning for the expected growth in the next quarter. · Expected delivery date: 预计交货日期 · The expected delivery date for the shipment is next Monday. · Expectedly: 按预期地 · The project was, expectedly, completed ahead of schedule.  Foreign aid · Foreign aid workers: 外国援助人员 · Foreign aid workers are on the ground providing medical assistance. · Foreign aid package: 外国援助包 · The foreign aid package included food, water, and medical supplies. · Foreign aid agency: 外国援助机构 · The foreign aid agency coordinated relief efforts in the disaster-stricken area. · Foreign aid donation: 外国援助捐款 · Foreign aid donations have helped rebuild communities affected by the earthquake.  Organise · Organise an event: 组织活动 · She was responsible for organising the charity event. · Organise a meeting: 组织会议 · We need to organise a meeting to discuss the new policy. · Organise files: 整理文件 · It's important to organise files for easy access and reference. · Organise a fundraiser: 组织筹款活动 · They decided to organise a fundraiser to support local charities.  Conditions · Weather conditions: 天气条件 · The adverse weather conditions caused flight delays. · Working conditions: 工作条件 · The company is improving working conditions for its employees. · Health conditions: 健康状况 · The doctor is concerned about his health conditions. · Conditions of entry: 入场条件 · Please review the conditions of entry before purchasing tickets.  Damaged · Damaged goods: 受损货物 · The shipment included several boxes of damaged goods. · Damaged property: 受损财产 · The storm resulted in extensive damaged property. · Damaged reputation: 受损声誉 · The company faced a damaged reputation after the scandal. · Severely damaged: 严重受损的 · The building was severely damaged by the fire.  Deliver · Deliver goods: 递送货物 · The company promised to deliver goods within three business days. · Deliver a speech: 发表演讲 · She will deliver a speech at the conference tomorrow. · Deliver results: 取得结果 · The new strategy is expected to deliver results within a month. · Deliver on promises: 履行承诺 · The company must deliver on promises made to its clients.  Supplies · Emergency supplies: 紧急供应品 · Emergency supplies were sent to the disaster-stricken area. · Office supplies: 办公用品 · The office supplies include paper, pens, and other stationery items. · Medical supplies: 医疗用品 · Medical supplies were urgently needed for the hospitals. · Food supplies: 食品供应 · Food supplies were distributed to the affected communities. 重点语法： 1. 过去时和过去完成时 · 过去时用于描述过去发生的事件和动作： · "The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami..." · "Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away..." · 过去完成时用于描述在过去的过去发生的动作，通常用于进一步解释过去某个时间点之前的情况： · "Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast." (这里使用过去完成时来强调“killed”在另一个过去的时间点之前已经发生) 2. 过去分词作状语 · 过去分词可以用作状语，描述一个动作发生的同时或之后： · "...caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people..." (这里的“killing”描述了地震引发的海啸造成的进一步影响) · "Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake..." (这里的“caused”描述了“waves”的原因) 3. 被动语态 · 被动语态用于强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者： · "The number of deaths stood at 2,498..." · "Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries." (这里强调的是“foreign aid”的组织过程，而不是具体谁在组织) 4. 定语从句 · 定语从句用于提供关于名词的更多信息： · "...a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday..." (这里的“that crashed into coastlines...”是一个定语从句，修饰“tsunami”) · "...the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0..." (这里的“that reached a magnitude...”修饰“earthquake”) 5. 时间状语从句 · 时间状语从句用于说明主句动作发生的时间： · "The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island." (这里的“Sunday”作为时间状语，说明地震发生的具体时间) 6. 非限定性定语从句 · 非限定性定语从句提供额外信息，但从句的内容不影响主句的基本意义： · "...the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days." (这里的“over the next few days”提供了关于“expected to grow”的时间背景) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$