Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 知识语法全覆盖讲解 讲义 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 自然灾害 Reading and Thinking THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP 地球的不眠之夜 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night. 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进人屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3:00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常样沉睡在梦乡。  Happen (发生) · 变形：happens, happened, happening · 例句：Strange things were happening in the countryside.  Rise (上升) · 变形：rises, rose, risen, rising · 例句：The water in the village wells rose and fell.  Fall (下降) · 变形：falls, fell, fallen, falling · 例句：The water in the village wells rose and fell.  Appear (出现) · 变形：appears, appeared, appearing · 例句：There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.  Come out (出现) · 变形：comes out, came out, coming out · 例句：Some smelly gas came out of the well.  Refuse (拒绝) · 变形：refuses, refused, refusing · 例句：Dogs refused to go inside buildings.  Run out (跑出来)（用光耗尽） · 变形：runs out, ran out, running out · 例句：Mice ran out of the fields. 知识点拓展和固定搭配：  Happen · Happen to: 发生在 · 例句：What happened to the old house? · Happen suddenly: 突然发生 · 例句：The accident happened suddenly and took everyone by surprise.  Rise · Rise and shine: 起床并精神饱满地开始一天 · 例句：It's time to rise and shine; we have a busy day ahead. · Rise to the occasion: 应对挑战，表现出色 · 例句：She really rose to the occasion during the emergency.  Fall · Fall asleep: 入睡 · 例句：I often fall asleep while reading a book. · Fall apart: 崩溃，散架 · 例句：The old building began to fall apart after years of neglect.  Appear · Appear to be: 显得，似乎 · 例句：The situation appears to be under control now. · Appear on stage: 登台 · 例句：The famous actor will appear on stage tonight.  Come out · Come out of: 从……出来 · 例句：She finally came out of her shell and spoke to the group. · Come out with: 发布，发表 · 例句：The company came out with a new product last month.  Refuse · Refuse to do: 拒绝做 · 例句：He refused to do the task because he found it unfair.  Run out · Run out of: 用尽 · 例句：We ran out of milk, so we need to go to the store. · Run out the clock: 浪费时间以确保胜利 · 例句：The team tried to run out the clock in the final minutes of the game.  Hear · Hear from: 收到消息 · 例句：I haven’t heard from her in weeks. · Hear about/of: 听说 · 例句：Did you hear about the new restaurant opening downtown? At 3：42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。  Shake (震动) · 变形：shakes, shook, shaken, shaking · 例句：At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake.  Cause (造成) · 变形：causes, caused, causing · 例句：The quake even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away.  Cut across (切穿) · 变形：cuts across, cut across, cutting across · 例句：A huge crack cut across houses, roads, and waterways.  Lay (置于) · 变形：lays, laid, laying · 例句：In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.  Leave (留下) · 变形：leaves, left, leaving · 例句：Thousands of children were left without parents.  Kill (杀死) · 变形：kills, killed, killing · 例句：The number of people who were killed or badly injured was more than 400,000. 知识点拓展和固定搭配：  Shake · Shake with: 由于……而颤抖 · 例句：Her hands shook with fear. · Shake up: 使震惊，打乱 · 例句：The news of the scandal really shook up the community.  Seem · Seem like: 看起来像 · 例句：It seems like it’s going to rain soon. · Seem to be: 似乎是 · 例句：He seems to be very tired today.  Begin · Begin with: 从……开始 · 例句：Let’s begin with a brief overview of the project. · Begin to: 开始做 · 例句：She began to cry when she heard the news.  Cause · Cause damage: 造成损害 · 例句：The storm caused damage to several buildings. · Cause a stir: 引起轰动 · 例句：The celebrity’s surprise visit caused a stir among the fans.  Feel · Feel like doing: 感觉像/想要 · 例句：It feels like summer today. · Feel sorry for: 对……感到遗憾 · 例句：I feel sorry for anyone who missed the concert.  Cut across · Cut across cultures: 跨越文化 · 例句：The film’s themes cut across cultures and resonate with audiences worldwide. · Cut across fields: 跨越领域 · 例句：Her research cuts across fields such as medicine and engineering.  Lay · Lay the foundation: 奠定基础 · 例句：The new policies lay the foundation for economic growth. · Lay blame: 归咎于 · 例句：Don’t lay the blame on others without knowing the facts.  Be · Be in charge: 负责 · 例句：She will be in charge of the project from now on. · Be aware of: 意识到 · 例句：You need to be aware of the deadlines for the assignment.  Leave · Leave a mark: 留下印记 · 例句：The experience left a mark on her that she would never forget. · Leave behind: 留下（在身后），抛弃 · 例句：He decided to leave behind his old job and start a new career.  Kill · Kill time: 打发时间 · 例句：We played games to kill time while waiting for the train. · Kill two birds with one stone: 一举两得 · 例句：By going to the conference, he killed two birds with one stone: he learned about new developments and networked with industry peers. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晩时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。  Destroy (摧毁) · 变形：destroys, destroyed, destroying · 例句：Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.  Be gone (消失，没了) · 变形：is gone, was gone, have gone · 例句：About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings were gone.  Cover (覆盖) · 变形：covers, covered, covering · 例句：Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.  Blow away (吹走) · 变形：blows away, blew away, blowing away · 例句：No wind could blow them away.  Fall (倒下) · 变形：falls, fell, fallen, falling · 例句：Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.  Be useful (有用) · 变形：is useful, was useful, are useful · 例句：The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.  Fill (填满) · 变形：fills, filled, filling · 例句：Sand now filled the wells instead of water.  Shake (震动) · 变形：shakes, shook, shaken, shaking · 例句：Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.  Fall down (倒塌) · 变形：falls down, fell down, falling down · 例句：Even more buildings fell down.  Wonder (想知道) · 变形：wonders, wondered, wondering · 例句：People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 知识点拓展和固定搭配：  Look · Look for: 寻找 · 例句：She is looking for her lost keys. · Look out: 注意，小心 · 例句：Look out for the icy patches on the road.  Destroy · Destroy completely: 完全摧毁 · 例句：The fire destroyed the building completely. · Destroy evidence: 摧毁证据 · 例句：He tried to destroy the evidence to avoid being caught.  Be gone · Be gone for good: 永远消失 · 例句：After the storm, the power was gone for good. · Be gone without a trace: 消失得无影无踪 · 例句：The missing files were gone without a trace.  Cover · Cover with: 用……覆盖 · 例句：She covered the cake with a layer of frosting. · Cover up: 掩盖，掩饰 · 例句：They tried to cover up the mistake, but it was too late.  Blow away · Blow away by: 被……吹走 · 例句：The strong winds blew away the debris. · Blow away the competition: 超越对手 · 例句：The new product really blew away the competition in the market.  Fall · Fall apart: 崩溃，散架 · 例句：The old chair began to fall apart after years of use. · Fall behind: 落后 · 例句：If you don’t keep up with the lessons, you might fall behind.  Be useful · Be useful for: 对……有用 · 例句：This tool will be useful for fixing the car. · Be of use: 有用 · 例句：His advice was of great use during the project.  Fill · Fill out: 填写（表格） · 例句：Please fill out the application form carefully. · Fill with: 被……填满 · 例句：The well filled with sand after the storm.  Shake · Shake hands: 握手 · 例句：They shook hands after signing the agreement. · Shake up: 使震惊，打乱 · 例句：The CEO’s sudden resignation shook up the entire company.  Fall down · Fall down on: 在……上失败 · 例句：The plan fell down on its execution. · Fall down from: 从……跌落 · 例句：She fell down from the ladder while cleaning the windows.  Get · Get rid of: 摆脱 · 例句：They need to get rid of all the old furniture. · Get by: 勉强过活 · 例句：With his small salary, he can only get by.  Wonder · Wonder about: 对……感到好奇 · 例句：I wonder about the future of renewable energy. · Wonder if: 想知道是否 · 例句：I wonder if she will come to the party. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派岀了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。  Dig out (挖出) · 变形：digs out, dug out, digging out · 例句：The soldiers were sent to dig out those who were trapped.  Trap (困住) · 变形：traps, trapped, trapping · 例句：Those who were trapped needed immediate help.  Bury (埋葬) · 变形：buries, buried, burying · 例句：The army worked to bury the dead.  Provide (提供) · 变形：provides, provided, providing · 例句：More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.  Destroy (摧毁) · 变形：destroys, destroyed, destroying · 例句：Survivors whose homes had been destroyed received help.  Bring (带来) · 变形：brings, brought, bringing · 例句：Water and food were brought into the city.  Breathe (呼吸) · 变形：breathes, breathed, breathing · 例句：Slowly, the city began to breathe again 知识点拓展和固定搭配：  Hope · Hold out hope: 保持希望 · 例句：Despite the setbacks, they still held out hope for a better outcome. · Lose hope: 失去希望 · 例句：After several failed attempts, she began to lose hope.  Send · Send a message: 发送信息 · 例句：She sent a message to her friend to confirm the meeting time. · Send off: 送行，发射 · 例句：They sent off the rocket successfully.  Dig out · Dig out from: 挖掘出（从某物中） · 例句：They needed to dig out from the rubble to find the trapped survivors. · Dig out information: 挖掘信息 · 例句：The journalist managed to dig out crucial information about the scandal.  Trap · Trap someone in: 使某人陷入困境 · 例句：He felt trapped in a job he didn’t enjoy. · Set a trap: 设陷阱 · 例句：The detective set a trap to catch the thief.  Bury · Bury the hatchet: 和解，息争 · 例句：After years of conflict, they finally decided to bury the hatchet. · Bury oneself in: 沉浸于 · 例句：She buried herself in her work to distract herself from personal issues.  Provide · Provide with: 提供 · 例句：The organization provided the community with essential supplies. · Provide for: 照顾，供养 · 例句：He worked hard to provide for his family.  Build · Build up: 增强，积累 · 例句：She worked hard to build up her confidence. · Build on: 基于 · 例句：They plan to build on the success of their previous project.  Destroy · Destroy evidence: 摧毁证据 · 例句：The criminal tried to destroy the evidence before the police arrived. · Destroy one's reputation: 破坏声誉 · 例句：The scandal could destroy his reputation permanently.  Help · Help out: 帮忙 · 例句：Can you help out with the preparations for the party? · Help with: 帮助 · 例句：She needs help with her math homework.  Bring · Bring about: 引起，导致 · 例句：The new policy will bring about significant changes in the industry. · Bring in: 引入，带来 · 例句：The company brought in experts to improve their processes.  Breathe · Breathe deeply: 深呼吸 · 例句：To calm down, he practiced breathing deeply. · Breathe life into: 赋予生命，激发活力 · 例句：Her ideas really breathed new life into the project. Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须同心协力，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。  Revive (复兴) · 变形：revives, revived, reviving · 例句：Tangshan started to revive itself after the earthquake.  Get back up (重新站起来) · 变形：gets back up, got back up, getting back up · 例句：The city managed to get back up on its feet with determination and effort.  Support (支持) · 变形：supports, supported, supporting · 例句：With strong support from the government, the city began to rebuild.  Effort (努力) · 变形：efforts (无动词变形，但可用于复数形式) · 例句：The tireless efforts of the city’s people played a crucial role in the reconstruction.  Build (建设) · 变形：builds, built, building · 例句：A new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.  Become (成为) · 变形：becomes, became, become, becoming · 例句：The new city has become a home to more than seven million people.  Improve (改善) · 变形：improves, improved, improving · 例句：There have been great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment.  Prove (证明) · 变形：proves, proved, proven, proving · 例句：Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that resilience is possible.  Unify (统一) · 变形：unifies, unified, unifying · 例句：In times of disaster, people must unify to overcome challenges.  Rebuild (重建) · 变形：rebuilds, rebuilt, rebuilding · 例句：The city worked hard to rebuild for a brighter future. 知识点拓展和固定搭配：  Revive · Revive interest: 重新激发兴趣 · 例句：The new marketing campaign helped revive interest in the brand. · Revive a tradition: 复兴传统 · 例句：They worked hard to revive the tradition of local festivals.  Get back up · Get back up on one's feet: 重新站起来，恢复正常 · 例句：After the setback, he managed to get back up on his feet and continue his business. · Get back up: 重新站起来（用于表示恢复） · 例句：She fell during the race but quickly got back up and finished.  Support · Offer support: 提供支持 · 例句：The community came together to offer support to those affected by the flood. · Provide support: 提供支持 · 例句：The government will provide support for small businesses affected by the new regulations.  Effort · Make an effort: 做出努力 · 例句：They will make an effort to complete the project on time. · Put effort into: 投入努力 · 例句：She put a lot of effort into preparing the presentation.  Build · Build a relationship: 建立关系 · 例句：It's important to build a strong relationship with clients. · Build on: 以……为基础 · 例句：We will build on the success of the previous campaign.  Prove · Prove to be: 证明是 · 例句：The new strategy proved to be highly effective. · Prove one's point: 证明某人的观点 · 例句：He was able to prove his point with clear evidence.  Unify · Unify efforts: 统一努力 · 例句：The teams decided to unify their efforts to tackle the project more effectively. · Unify a country: 统一一个国家 · 例句：The leader aimed to unify the country after years of division.  Show · Show support: 表示支持 · 例句：The community gathered to show support for the victims. · Show progress: 显示进展 · 例句：The recent reports show progress in reducing pollution levels.  Rebuild · Rebuild after: 在……之后重建 · 例句：The city had to rebuild after the devastating hurricane. · Rebuild trust: 重建信任 · 例句：They worked hard to rebuild trust with their customers. 语法总结： 1. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) · 用法：描述过去某一时间点正在发生的动作或情况。 · 例句：Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. 3. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense) · 用法：描述在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。 · 例句：One of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. 4. 过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous Tense) · 用法：描述过去某个时间点之前一直在进行的动作。 · 例句：This tense does not explicitly appear in the provided text, but could be used to describe ongoing actions before another past action. 5. 条件句 (Conditional Sentences) · 用法：描述假设的情况及其结果，通常使用“if”或类似的结构。 · 例句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (使用虚拟语气) 6. 被动语态 (Passive Voice) · 用法：强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。 · 例句：A huge crack was cut across houses, roads, and waterways. · 例句：Water and food were brought into the city. 7. 比较级和最高级 (Comparatives and Superlatives) · 用法：比较不同事物的特征或状态。 · 例句：One of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century (最具破坏性的地震之一) 8. 定语从句 (Relative Clauses) · 用法：用来修饰名词或代词，提供额外的信息。 · 例句：A quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. (修饰“quake”的从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$