内容正文:
2024-2025学年九年级英语全一册单元重难点专题提优训练(人教版)
Unit1 重点语法专练
by的用法
1. by+动名词 / 不带冠词的名词,表示手段、方法、方式,意为“通过;靠;用”,可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。如:
—How do you learn English?你如何学习英语?
—I learn English by reading English novels. 我通过读英语小说来学习英语。
You can book the tickets by phone. 你可以通过电话订票。
2. by+地点名词,表示方位,意为“在……旁边;靠近”。如:
The policeman is standing by the window. 那个警察正站在窗边。
3. by+交通工具或路线,意为“乘坐……”。如:
We love traveling by car. 我们喜欢开车去旅行。
They go to England by air. 他们乘飞机去英国。
4. by+反身代词,意为“独自”。如:
The boy began to ski by himself. 这个男孩开始独自滑雪了。
5. by+动作的执行者,用于被动语态,意为“被;由”。如:
The car is washed by Tom. 这车是被汤姆洗的。
6. by+时间,意为“到……为止”。如:
My younger sister has read 5 books by now. 我妹妹到现在为止已经读了5本书。
【拓展】 1. 与by相关的短语
word by word 一个字一个字地
side by side 肩并肩地
by hand 手工
by the way 顺便问一下
by mistake错误地
by accident 偶然;意外地
by, with与in的区别
比较项
用 法
举 例
by
表示用某种方式、方法、手段或使用某种交通工具
The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。
with
表示用某种具体的工具或身体某些部位及器官
He wrote the letter with a pen.他用钢笔写信。
in
表示用语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等
Please say it in English.请用英语说它。
提优训练
一、单项选择。
1.I learned to swim __________ watching videos on YouTube.
A.by B.with C.in D.through
2.—How do you usually go to school?
—______________.
A.By a bus B.By bus C.On bus D.In bus
3.We usually have lunch __________ 12:00.
A.by B.for C.on D.in
4.—Where is the city library?
—It’s __________ the school.
A.through B.by C.on D.in
5.—________ can we stop the air pollution?
—By planting more trees and living a green life.
A.When B.Where C.Why D.How
6.Things made ________ hand are usually more expensive than those made in factories.
A.on B.by C.in D.at
7.It’s really hot on summer days, so people like to set up camp ________ the lake.
A.over B.under C.by D.behind
8.________ the end of this week, more than 200 students have taken part in this event.
A.By B.At C.In D.To
9.I learn English by _________ as much as possible.
A.speak B.speaks C.speaking D.spoke
10.We can protect the environment ________ sorting the garbage.
A.of B.by C.from
11.Maria is from France. She studies English by ________ English movies.
A.watch B.watching C.to watch D.watched
12.—May I have a seat ________ the window?
—OK, this way, please.
A.in B.on C.by
13.Can you arrive at the gate of the park ________ noon?
A.in B.by C.for D.behind
14.________ the end of June, 2019, China’s civil aviation (民航) industry had realized 106 months of continuous safe flight operations.
A.On B.At C.In D.By
15.Many students memorize the new words _______ them many times.
A.by repeating B.in reading
C.to practice D.for writing
二、完成句子。
1.我是通过观察窗外的情况来做天气报道的。
I did the weather report the window.
2.现在许多人通过制作短视频或他们自己的方式来传播中国文化。
Many people spread Chinese culture short videos or their own ways now.
3.你会通过邮寄的方式收到你的礼物。
You will receive your present .
4.你可以通过多听英文歌曲来提高你的英语成绩。(by)
You can improve your English English songs a lot.
5.这位女士站在窗边,看着在外面跳舞的女孩们。
The woman stood , watching the girls dancing outside.
6.通过听录音带你能够提高听力。
You can improve your pronunciation by tapes.
7.通过大声重复来练习发音是个不错的选择。
It’s a good choice to practice your by out loud.
8.你们可以坐飞机去北京。
You can go to Beijing .
9.西方人用刀叉吃饭,而中国人用筷子。
Western people eat and forks while Chinese people use chopsticks.
10.凯茜喜欢通过与她最好的朋友们分享的方式来解决问题。
Cathy enjoys solving a problem with her best friends.
11.——你空闲时间是如何放松的?
——通过听音乐和做运动。
—How do you relax in your free time?
— music and doing sports.
三、选词填空。
(1) 根据句意用 by, with 或 in 完成句子。
1.In order to protect the environment, many people choose to go to work subway.
2.—How do you study for a test, Eric?
—I study working with a group.
3.—How do you say it English?
—Textbook.
4.—What about going fishing this afternoon?
—I’d love to, but I have to finish my report 2:00 this afternoon.
5.My mother often tells me not to hit an empty bowl chopsticks (筷子).
(2)根据句意用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。
by oneself, go by, communicate with, by the way, word by word
1.I think you can learn better by your classmates.
2.Lisa usually reads stories , so she is a slow reader.
3.—How is the fruit salad?
—Yummy! It tastes very good. , who made it?
4.—Jenny, I can’t solve the problems . What should I do?
—Maybe working with a group is a good way.
5.As time , you will realize that nothing is more important than health.
(3)根据句意用 by,with或in完成句子。
1.In order to protect the environment, many people choose to go to work subway.
2.—How do you study for a test, Eric?
—I study working with a group.
3.—How do you say it English?
—Textbook.
4.—What about going fishing this afternoon?
—I’d love to, but I have to finish my report 2:00 this afternoon.
5.My mother often tells me not to hit an empty bowl chopsticks(筷子).
6.I could tell the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
四、完形填空
How can we practice our spoken English?
The first and the most important thing is to 1 yourself. You should always be full of confidence or you will 2 be able to improve your English. You should often 3 yourself, "Come on! Don't be afraid!"
You should never lose heart and never give up.
Maybe you are afraid of 4 face, but you should think since we are students and we're learning, there's no need to worry about anything. You must always be 5 in practicing. It's no problem that your pronunciation and intonation(语调) won't be as good as a native speaker because we are Chinese, and we haven't had the chance to live in foreign countries and talk with the people there 6 . But you must know that the main 7 of studying English is to make ourselves understood and understand other people. You should believe 8 native speakers will not laugh at you. 9 they will encourage you. So if you are 10 enough, you'll certainly make rapid progress in your spoken English. Don't be shy or afraid! Just try your best.
1.A.believe in B.care about C.look up D.take after
2.A.always B.usually C.never D.sometimes
3.A.understand B.encourage C.check D.compare
4.A.holding B.cutting C.shining D.losing
5.A.slow B.quick C.bored D.active
6.A.at times B.at one time C.all the time D.sometime
7.A.dream B.advice C.expression D.aim
8.A.if B.whether C.what D.that
9.A.So B.Instead C.Or D.Nor
10.A.brave B.excited C.busy D.tired
五、阅读理解。
Many students think that learning a new language is very hard. Now think how hard it is to learn English when your brain is only the size of a bird's brain! The following is what some birds can do.
Many different kinds of birds can copy the sounds of language. African grey parrots are the best known for this. Every December in London,the National Cage and Aviary Bird Show tries to find the best “talking” bird in the world. One bird named Prudle stood__out among the “talking birds”.She won this prize for twelve times.
Prudle was taken from her nest in Africa. She was sold to Iris Frost in England. Prudle knew almost 800 words in English. Prudle was also the oldest bird in the world that lived in a cage. Ms. Frost took care of the bird until Prudle died when it was 35 years old.
A different kind of bird named Puck was tested about the English words she knew. She knew more than 1,700 words.
If a bird can do it,anybody can do it.
1.What can African grey parrots do?
A.Speak like a person.
B.Sing like a person.
C.Copy the sounds of language.
D.Have conversations with a person.
2.What does the underlined phrase “stood out” mean in Chinese?
A.随机应变 B.挺身而出
C.站了起来 D.脱颖而出
3.How many times did Prudle win the prize for “talking birds”?
A.6 times. B.12 times.
C.15 times. D.35 times.
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Prudle knew more than 800 English words.
B.Ms.Frost trained Prudle to learn English words.
C.Puck could speak English as well as a person.
D.Prudle and Puck were born to speak English well.
5.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Some birds can learn a lot of English words.
B.A bird can learn English as well as a man does.
C.Puck and Prudle are cleverer than a man in learning English.
D.A bird can be as clever as a man in learning English.
参考答案:
一、1.A
【详解】句意:我通过看YouTube上的视频学会了游泳。
考查介词辨析。by通过;with有;in在……里;through通过,后常接名词。根据空后“watching videos”可知,此处表示通过观看视频的方式来学习游泳,考查by doing sth.“通过做某事”,固定搭配。故选A。
2.B
【详解】句意:——你通常怎么去上学? ——乘公共汽车。
考查介词短语。表示乘坐某种交通工具,用“by+交通工具”或“in/on + a/the+交通工具”。By a bus表达错误,排除A;By bus“乘公共汽车”,介词短语;On bus表达错误,排除C;In bus表达错误,排除D。故选B。
3.A
【详解】句意:我们通常在12点前吃午饭。
考查介词辨析。by不迟于,在……之前;for给,为;on后常接具体的某一天;in后接年、季节、月等词。根据“We usually have lunch ... 12:00.”可知,此处是指通常在12点前吃午饭。故选A。
4.B
【详解】句意:——市图书馆在哪里? ——在学校附近。
考查介词辨析。through穿过;by靠近,在……旁边;on在……上;in在……里。根据“city library”可知,此处是指市图书馆在学校旁边,靠近学校,不会是在学校里面,应用介词by。故选B。
5.D
【详解】句意:——我们怎样才能阻止空气污染?——通过种植更多的树木和过绿色生活。
考查疑问词。When什么时候;Where在哪里;Why为什么;How如何。根据答语“By planting more trees and living a green life.”可知,此处询问的是阻止空气污染的方式,询问方式用how。故选D。
6.B
【详解】句意:手工制作的东西通常比工厂生产的要贵。
考查介词辨析和介词短语。on表示在某物表面上;by表示通过某种方式或手段;in表示在某个空间内;at表示在某个具体地点。根据“Things made... hand”可知,此处指“手工制作的东西”,应使用by hand表示“手工制作”。故选B。
7.C
【详解】句意:夏天真的很热,所以人们喜欢在湖边露营。
考查介词。over在……上方;under在……下面;by在……旁边;behind在……后面。根据“set up camp...the lake”可知,是在湖边露营,用介词by。故选C。
8.A
【详解】句意:截至本周末,已有200多名学生参加了此次活动。
考查介词辨析。by表示“到……为止”,用于表示时间的截止点;at表示具体的时间点;in表示在一段时间内;to表示方向或目的地。根据“...more than 200 students have taken part in...”可知,此处指到本周末为止,已经有200多名学生参加了此次活动,by the end of“到……为止”。故选A。
9.C
【详解】句意:我通过尽可能多地说英语来学习英语。
考查非谓语。by“通过”,介词,介词后用doing形式,故选C。
10.B
【详解】句意:我们可以通过垃圾分类来保护环境。
考查介词辨析。of属于……的;by通过;from从。根据“We can protect the environment...sorting the garbage.”可知,此处指通过垃圾分类来保护环境,表方式。故选B。
11.B
【详解】句意:玛丽亚来自法国。她通过看英语电影学习英语。
考查非谓语动词。by是介词,后面跟动名词形式。故选B。
12.C
【详解】句意:——我可以要一个靠窗的座位吗?——好的,这边请。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面;on在……上面;by在。a seat by the window“靠近窗户的座位”。故选C。
13.B
【详解】句意:你能在中午之前到达公园门口吗?
考查介词辨析。in 在……里;by在……之前;for为了; behind在……后面。短语by noon表示“在中午前”,符合题意。故选B。
14.D
【详解】句意:到2019年6月底,中国民航实现持续安全飞行106个月。
考查介词辨析。on后接具体一天;at后接具体时刻;in后接某年某月某;by到……为止。根据“the end of June”以及“had realized”可知,by the end of+过去的时间,与过去完成时搭配,故选D。
15.A
【详解】句意:许多学生通过多次重复来记住生词。
考查介词辨析。by通过,表示用某种方式或手段;in表示使用某种语言或材料;to到;for为了。by doing表示通过某种方式,此处表示“通过多次重复的方式来记住生词”。故选A。
二、1. by looking out of
【详解】对比中英文可知,空处表示“通过观察窗外”。by表示“通过”,介词;look out of“从……朝外看”,动词短语。介词by后用doing。故填by;looking;out;of。
2. by making
【详解】by doing sth“通过做某事”,使用动名词作宾语;make“制作”。故填by;making。
3. by post
【详解】根据中英文对比,该处少了“通过邮寄的方式”,介词短语“by post”表示“邮寄”,符合语境。故填by;post。
4.by listening to
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“通过听”,“通过”译为by,介词后接动名词;“听”译为listen to。故填by listening to。
5. by the window
【详解】名词window表示“窗户”,此处特指某个窗户用定冠词the修饰,方位介词by表示“在……旁边”。故填by;the;window。
6.listening to
【详解】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“听”;根据空后“tapes”可知,此处考查listen to“听”,动词短语;再根据空前介词by可知,这里考查by doing sth.“通过做某事”,应用动词listen的动名词形式listening。故填listening to。
7. pronunciation repeating
【详解】pronunciation“发音”,不可数名词,在动词后作宾语;repeat“重复”,by是介词,其后加动名词作宾语。故填pronunciation;repeating。
8. by air/plane
【详解】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“坐飞机”;by air/plane“乘飞机”,固定词组。故填by;air/plane。
9. with knives
【详解】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“用刀”,with“以,用”,表示方式、手段或工具等;knife“刀”,根据空后的“and forks”可知,此处应用其复数形式knives。故填with;knives。
10. by sharing it
【详解】表达“通过”用介词by,后跟名词或动名词,表达“分享”用动词share,其动名词形式为sharing,用代词it指代这件事。故填by;sharing;it。
11. By listening to
【详解】根据英汉对照可知,需要补充内容“通过听”,by“通过”;listen to music“听音乐”;根据“...and doing sports”可知,and并列两个动名词短语,空格处listen应用动名词形式listening,且句首首字母大写。故填By;listening;to。
三、(1)1.by 2.by 3.in 4.by 5.with
【解析】1.句意:为了保护环境,许多人选择乘地铁去上班。根据空后的“subway”表示交通工具可知,此处用by。故填by。
2.句意:——你如何为测验学习准备,埃里克?——我通过小组合作的方式学习。by doing sth.“通过做某事”,固定词组。故填by。
3.句意:——你如何用英语把它说出来?——Textbook(教科书)。根据空后的“English”表示语言可知,此处用in。故填in。
4.句意:——今天下午去钓鱼怎么样?——我很想去,但是我必须在今天下午2点前完成我的报告。“by+时间”表示“不迟于,在……之前”,固定词组。故填by。
5.句意:我妈妈经常告诉我不要用筷子敲打空碗。根据空后的“chopsticks”表示有形的、具体的工具可知,此处用with。故填with。
(2)1.communicating with 2.word by word 3.By the way 4.by myself 5.goes by
【解析】1.句意:我认为你可以通过与同学交流来更好地学习。根据空前的“I think you can learn better”及备选词汇可知,此处表示的是我认为你可以通过与同学交流来更好地学习,communicate with“和……沟通”符合句意;根据空前的介词“by”可知,此处应用动名词形式作介词宾语。故填communicating with。
2.句意:莉萨通常逐字逐句地读故事,所以她读得很慢。根据空后的“so she is a slow reader”及备选词汇可知,此处表示的是莉萨通常逐字逐句地读故事,word by word“逐字逐句”符合句意。故填word by word。
3.句意:——水果沙拉怎么样?——好吃的味道很好。顺便问一下,是谁做的?根据空后的“who made it?”及备选词汇可知,此处谈话的主题发生了转移,by the way“顺便问一下”,作状语,引出与主题无关或次要的话题,句首首字母大写。故填By the way。
4.句意:——珍妮,我一个人解决不了这些问题。我该怎么办?——也许与团队合作是个好办法。根据“Maybe working with a group is a good way.”及备选词汇可知,此处表示的是我一个人解决不了这些问题,by oneself“独立,独自”符合句意;根据主语为I可知,此处应用by myself“我独立地”。故填by myself。
5.句意:随着时间的推移,你会意识到没有什么比健康更重要了。As time goes by“随着时间的推移”,固定搭配。故填goes by。
(3)1.by 2.by 3.in 4.by 5.with 6.by
【解析】1.句意:为了保护环境,许多人选择乘地铁去上班。subway“地铁”是一种交通工具,“by+交通工具”表示“乘坐某种交通工具”,故填by。
2.句意:——你如何为测验学习准备,埃里克?——我通过小组合作的方式学习。by doing sth.“通过做某事”,根据“working with a group”,故填by。
3.句意:——你如何用英语把它说出来?——Textbook(教科书)。“in+语言”表示“用某种语言”,故填in。
4.句意:——今下午去钓鱼怎么样?——我很想去,但是我必须在今天下午2点前完成我的报告。“by+时间”表示“不迟于,在……之前”,根据“I have to finish my report...2:00 this afternoon”可知,今天下午2点是截止时间,故填by。
5.句意:我妈妈经常告诉我不要用筷子敲打空碗。“with+具体的工具/器官”表示“使用”,“chopsticks(筷子)”是一种具体的工具,故填with。
6.句意:通过她脸上的表情,我可以看出发生了一些令人兴奋的事情。by表示“通过……的方式”,根据“the look on her face”可知,我是通过面部表情判断,表情是抽象的,故填by。
四、1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.A
【分析】本文介绍了提高英语口语的方法。
1.句意:首先也是最重要的是相信自己。
believe in相信;care about关心;look up查阅;take after照顾。根据You should always be full of confidence可知,应该充满自信,即相信自己,故选A。
2.句意:你应该总是充满自信,否则你不能提高英语。
always总是;usually通常;never从不;sometimes有时。or表示“否则”,根据You should always be full of confidence及be able to improve your English可知,你应该充满自信,否则就很难提高英语,故选C。
3.句意:你应该经常鼓励自己,“加油!不要担心!”
understand理解;encourage鼓励;check检查;compare比较。根据"Come on! Don't be afraid!" 可知,是要经常鼓励自己,故选B。
4.句意:也许你害怕丢脸,但你应该想,既然我们是学生,我们正在学习,没有必要担心任何事情。
holding持有;cutting切断;shining闪烁;losing失去。根据but you should think since we are students and we're learning, there's no need to worry about anything可知,既然我们是学生,没有必要担心某些事情,所以此处是担心一些不好的事情,结合所给选词,此空填losing与face搭配一起表示“丢脸”,故选D。
5.句意:你必须经常积极地练习。
slow慢的;quick快的;bored无聊的;active积极的。根据How can we practice our spoken English可知,要想提高口语必须要积极地练习,故选D。
6.句意:你的发音和语调不如母语为英语的人是没关系的,因为我们是中国人,我们没有机会住在外国,也没有机会一直和那里的人交谈。
at times有时;at one time曾经;all the time一直;sometime某时。根据we haven't had the chance to live in foreign countries可知,我们没住在国外,所以没有机会一直跟那里的人交谈,故选C。
7.句意:但是你必须知道学习英语的主要目的是让别人理解我们自己,也理解别人。
dream梦想;advice建议;expression表达;aim目的。根据to make ourselves understood and understand other people可知,让别人理解我们,我们也能理解别人,这是我们学习英语的主要目的,故选D。
8.句意:你应该相信母语为英语的人不会嘲笑你,反而他们会鼓励你。
if是否;whether是否;what什么;that无实际意义。根据句子结构,此句是一个宾语从句,从句中不缺任何成分,并且是陈述一件事情,所以此空用连词that引导宾语从句,故选D。
9.句意:你应该相信母语为英语的人不会嘲笑你,反而他们会鼓励你。
So所以;Instead反而;Or或者;Nor也不。根据You should believe that native speakers will not laugh at you及they will encourage you可知,母语为英语的人不会嘲笑你,反而会鼓励你,所以空格处填instead。故选B。
10.句意:所以如果你足够勇敢,你一定会在你的英语口语上取得快速进步。
brave勇敢的;excited兴奋的;busy忙碌的;tired疲惫的。根据Don't be shy or afraid可知,不要害羞不要担心,要足够勇敢才能在英语口语上取得进步,故选A。
五、1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A
【分析】本文主要介绍有些鸟能学会很多英语单词,普鲁多知道近800个英语单词。另一种名叫帕克的鸟对她所知道的英语单词进行了测试。她知道1700多个单词。许多学生认为学习一门新语言是非常困难的。如果一只鸟能做到,任何人都能做到。
1.题意:非洲灰鹦鹉能做什么?A. Speak like a person.像人说话;B. Sing like a person. 像人一样唱歌;C. Copy the sounds of language. 模仿人的声音;D. Have conversations with a person.和人交谈。根据第1段第4和5句Many different kinds of birds can copy the sounds of language. African grey parrots are the best known for this.(许多不同种类的鸟都能模仿语言的声音。非洲灰鹦鹉最为人所知。)可知选C。
2.题意:画线短语“stood out” 在汉语中是什么意思?A.随机应变;B.挺身而出;C.站了起来;D.脱颖而出。根据上文和此句Every December in London,the National Cage and Aviary Bird Show tries to find the best “talking” bird in the world. One bird named Prudle stood__out among the “talking birds”.(每年12月在伦敦举行的国际笼养鸟类展都要评出世上最会“说话”的鸟.一只名叫普鲁多的鸟儿在“会说话的鸟儿”中脱颖而出.)可知选D。
3.题意:普鲁多赢“会说话的鸟”奖多少次?A. 6 times.六次;B. 12 times.十二次;C. 15 times.十五次;D. 35 times.三十五次。根据第1段最后1句She won this prize for twelve times.(她得了十二次奖。)可知选B。
4.题意:根据文章,下列哪一项是正确的?A. Prudle knew more than 800 English words. 普鲁多知道800多个英语单词;根据第2段第3句Prudle knew almost 800 words in English.(普鲁多知道近800个英语单词。)可知A错误;B. Ms.Frost trained Prudle to learn English words. 弗罗斯特小姐训练普鲁多学习英语单词;根据第二段Prudle was taken from her nest in Africa. She was sold to Iris Frost in England. Prudle knew almost 800 words in English (普鲁多从她的非洲鸟巢里逮着的。她在英国被卖给了艾里斯.弗罗斯特。普鲁多知道近800个英语单词。)可知B正确;C. Puck could speak English as well as a person. 帕克的英语讲得和人一样好;文中D. Prudle and Puck were born to speak English well. 普鲁多和帕克天生能讲一口流利的英语。根据第段第4句Many different kinds of birds can copy the sounds of language.结合语境可知C和D错误,选B。
5.题意:我们能从这篇文章中了解到什么?A. Some birds can learn a lot of English words. 有些鸟能学会很多英语单词;B. A bird can learn English as well as a man does. 鸟学英语和人学英语一样好;C. Puck and are cleverer than a man in learning English. 在学习英语时,帕克和普鲁多比人聪明;D. A bird can be as clever as a man in learning English.。在学习英语时,鸟可以和人一样聪明。本文主要介绍了有些鸟能学会很多英语单词,列举了普鲁多和帕克的例子。根据本文主要内容可知选A。
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