专题04 阅读理解之说明文（期中真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题04 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一上·四川乐山·期中）Monkeys are considered as one of the most intelligent animals on earth. Humans often want to study their habits and behavior. But the problem is: how to know who’s who? In the past, scientists had to make marks on each of the animals to know them. But in the future, they may have an easier way to tell them apart because of facial recognition technology. A research team from China’s Northwest University is using facial recognition technology to know thousands of snub-nosed monkeys that live on Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi province. Similar to human facial recognition, the technology that is used to identify monkeys uses their facial features to create a database (数据库) that includes every monkey. “When the system is fully developed, we can connect it with cameras set up in the mountains. The system will automatically (自动地) recognize the monkeys, name them and observe their behavior,” said Zhang He, a member of the research team. “For each snub-nosed monkey, we have 700 to 800 image samples (样本), and the recognition success rate is 94 percent,” Zhang added. Compared with facial recognition technology for humans, facial recognition technology for monkeys is more difficult because monkeys have very hair y faces. The color of their hair causes them to blend (融入) into their environment. These make it harder for computers to do the job. “Monkeys do not cooperate (合作) with researchers in the same way humans do. It is difficult to take high-quality pictures and videos of them, which are needed to improve the system,” said Li Bao, leader of the research team. Now, there are about 4,000 snub-nosed monkeys living on Qinling Mountain. The team’s goal is to successfully identify every monkey that lives there. 1．What problem did scientists face while studying monkeys? A．How to cooperate with them. B．How to tell them apart. C．How to understand their behavior. D．How to use facial recognition technology. 2．What does the underlined word “identify” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Judge. B．Connect. C．Collect. D．Recognize. 3．What is among the difficulties of using facial recognition technology for monkeys? A．Monkeys are difficult to catch in the forests. B．Most monkeys look very different. C．Monkeys like to play with researchers. D．Monkeys’ faces are very hairy. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A scientific study of snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain. B．The use of facial recognition technology for studying monkeys. C．The difficulties of using facial recognition technology for monkeys. D．Different ways to recognize snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain. （二） （23-24高一上·河南信阳·期中）The American Psychological Association (APA) has issued its first guidance on teens’ social media use. What’s most surprising in its databased recommendations is how little we know about how these apps affect our kids. The relative newness of platforms like Snapchat and TikTok means little research is available about their long-term effects on teen and tween brains. Getting better data will require significant funding-and much more openness from tech companies. What little evidence we do have unsurprisingly suggests that social media trades on motivators (激励因素) that aren’t great for young brains. Many kid start using social media “at the worst possible time when it comes to brain development”, says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist and neuroscientist at the University of North Carolina(UNC). “Thing like the ‘like’ button and artificial intelligence(in general)are going to affect young people’s brains in a way that’s very different from adult brains when it comes to the desire to stay online and to say or do almost anything to get followers.” When it comes to social interactions (互动), he compares kids’ brains to a car with a huge gas pedal and weak brakes (刹车). Earlier this year, Prinstein and his UNC colleagues published the results of one of the first studies of how the teenage brain reacts to social media. The team surveyed a group of middle schoolers to understand their social media habits, and then stuck them in an MRI machine to watch their brains as they reacted to social rewards or punishments. They found that 12-year-olds who habitually checked social media had different neural patterns, with more activity over time in parts of the brain associated with motivation, salience(or where attention is focused)and cognitive (认知的) control. The team didn’t weigh in on whether those differences were good or bad, or whether the relationship was causal or correlational. But their work points to the need for more research. It should also remind parents of the need to be keenly aware of social media’s hidden influence on still-developing brains. 5．What issue regarding social media apps does the APA report highlight? A．Their effects on social connections. B．The lack of data on their influence. C．The dishonesty of their developers D．The ineffectiveness of their motivators. 6．Which word can best describe young brains in relation to social interactions? A．Uncontrolled. B．Sensitive C．Unpredictable. D．Productive 7．What did Prinstein’s team discover about teenagers who regularly usesocial media? A．They are usually highly motivated B．They find it difficult to concentrate C．They have greater cognitive control D．Their brains show unique features 8．What might be the best title for the text? A．Empowering Teens in the Digital Age B．How to Guide Teens’ Social Media Engagement C．The Importance of Healthy Social Media Habits D．The Hidden Influence of Social Media on Young Minds （三） （23-24高一上·四川成都·期中）Though the FIFA World Cup came to an end in December 2022, the people of a particular city in China were busy making soccer history of their own. Zibo in Shandong province is called “the home of soccer ball”, being the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. Modern soccer sport started in England, but cuju won recognition (认可) from FIFA, as the earliest form of soccer in 2004． “Side-flicking”, “chest down” and “shoulder stopper” are some of the key moves acquired by cuju players. Li Weipeng,34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing these skills for 18 years. Acquiring different cuju skills is not easy. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠) a ball. It was tiring,” Li said. He is now able to juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times in a row (连续地). Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi. Its moves have been adapted (改编) into dances and morning exercises. “Students show great interest in playing cuju, which encourages me to promote (推广) the ancient sport,” Li added. Moreover, cuju has also become a platform for cultural exchanges. During the World Cup in Qatar, Li introduced cuju at a China-Qatar youth exchange activity held in Doha. He led Chinese and Qatari youth players, wearing traditional cuju costumes, to experience the ancient game. Many soccer fans watched them, cheered for them and gave them the thumbs-up. Many people were curious and wanted to communicate with the cuju players. 9．Where is the birthplace of cuju? A．Zibo. B．England. C．Doha. D．Qatar. 10．How old was Li Weipeng when he began to learn cuju? A．14 years old. B．16 years old. C．18 years old. D．34 years old. 11．How did Li Weipeng feel when he first practiced juggling a ball? A．Excited. B．Curious. C．Tired. D．Confident. 12．What encourages Li to promote cuju? A．His experience in cuju. B．The popularity of soccer. C．The need of cultural exchanges. D．Students’ interest in cuju. （四） （23-24高一上·湖南株洲·期中）Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer’s Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower. “It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.” The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889 and during the later repair work, some of the original iron was cut off and preserved over time. Now, some of those preserved metal fragments have found new homes. Each new Olympic medal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron—though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形),which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut. How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves,’ ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?” When the Eiffel Tower Operating Company agreed to volunteer pieces of original iron, “the dream became reality,” adds Roncin. The medals, designed by the luxury Paris jewelry house Chaumet, make people think of the Eiffel Tower in several other ways. The pieces of iron are secured by what looks like special nails that hold the structure together, and the medals’ ribbons are decorated with patterns of the tower’s latticework structure. The iron fragments are set in recycled silver, gold and bronze disks. Over 5,000 medals are being made. 13．What does Thierry mean by saying “bring back a piece of Paris”? A．Part of the athletes’ medal is from the symbol of Paris. B．The athletes will take many photos of Paris. C．The athletes will buy souvenirs about Paris. D．The Eiffel Tower will be left in the athletes’ memory. 14．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The processing technique of the Eiffel Tower iron pieces. B．The shape and material of the Olympic medal. C．The design of the Eiffel Tower iron fragment on the medal. D．The symbolic meaning of the hexagons. 15．How did the designers get the idea of adding the waste iron? A．The Eiffel Tower Operating Company put forward the idea. B．The Olympic committee approved of this design. C．Some volunteers considered it to be a good idea. D．They got the inspiration while having discussion. 16．What can we infer about the new Olympic medals? A．They take the shape of the Eiffel Tower. B．They are innovative and typical of French feature. C．They represent a combination of different cultures. D．They illustrate the idea of sustainable development. （五） （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期中）Unique Ways to Give The feel-good reward of giving is huge. Since 2021, the rate of giving has increased all over the world. Here are four creative ways people around the world are giving back. Rice Bucket Challenge The Rice Bucket Challenge (RBC) was started in India to fight hunger. You simply give a bucket of rice to a person or family, take a photo and post it on social media through the app RBC with a message encouraging others to do the same. Or people can offer money through the app for it. To date, the Rice Bucket Challenge has given away about 35,000 kilograms of rice .Donation Fence For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg's central train station. People without home can take those bags as needed .Little Free Libraries Some places of China host Little Free Libraries. All you need to do is build (or buy) a box and fill it with books you’ve finished reading. Anyone can take, leave or exchange a book from the box. The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result. Commu App How do people wanting to volunteer connect with groups needing help? In 2021 in Finland, three young men founded Commu, an app that makes it easy for people to offer help to those in need or to ask for help in their communities. It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian. 17．Who might Donation Fence want to help? A．The librarians. B．The volunteers. C．The hungry people. D．The homeless people. 18．What is the purpose of Little Free Libraries? A．To fight hunger. B．To connect neighbors. C．To exchange books. D．To encourage reading. 19．Which language does Commu App use? A．Indian. B．Norwegian. C．Chinese. D．German. （六） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）Teenagers who talk on the cell phone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears, score worse on one type of memory test. That’s the finding of a new study. That memory impairment might be one side effect of the radiation (放射线) that phones use to keep us connected while we’re on the go. The teens took memory tests twice, one year apart. Nearly 700 Swiss teens took part in a test of figural memory. This type helps us remember abstract (抽象的) symbols and shapes, explains Milena Foerster. Each time, they had one minute to remember 13 pairs of abstract shapes. Then they were shown one item from each pair and asked to match it with one of the five choices. The study volunteers also took a test of verbal memory. That’s the ability to remember words. The two memory tests are part of an intelligence test. The researchers also surveyed the teens on how they use cell phones. And they got call records from phone companies. The researchers used those records to figure out how long the teens were using their phones. This allowed the researchers to work out how big radiation exposure (接触) each person could have got while talking. A phone user’s exposure to the radiation can differ widely. Some teens talk on their phones more than others. People also hold their phones differently. If the phone is close to the ear, more radiation may enter the body, Foerster notes. The teens’ scores in the figural memory tests were roughly the same from one year to the next. But those who normally held their phones near the right ears, and who were also exposed to higher levels of radiation, scored a little bit worse after a year. No group of teens showed big changes on the verbal memory test. Why might one type of memory be linked to cell phone use, but not another? Foerster thinks it could have to do with where different memory centers sit in the brain. The site that deals with the ability to remember shapes is near the right ear. 20．The underlined word “impairment” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean “_______ ”. A．result B．damage C．mistake D．improvement 21．Which of the following can be learned from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．The teens took two types of memory tests four times in total. B．The teens needed to report the average time spent on their phones. C．Researchers paid little attention to the teens’ habits of using phones. D．The teens’ ability of remembering words is shown in figural memory test. 22．According to the study, teens who use their phone s to their right ears a lot do worse in _____. A．matching numbers B．reading signals C．remembering shape D．learning words 23．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Cell Phone Use and Safety Warnings B．Facts About Cell Phone Use at School C．Dangerous Levels of Cell Phone Use Among Teens D．Teen’s Cell Phone Use Linked to Memory Problems （七） （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources. Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B⁺, compared to a B⁻ for those who did not. “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who'd done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test fear and performance. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don't normally get nervous in these tests.” But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 24．What do the students start worrying about before an exam? A．Whether they can pass the exam. B．What other students do during the test. C．Whether they have remembered the materials. D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper. 25．What is the solution developed by researchers? A．Making the students focused on the test. B．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test. C．Having the students write about their worries about the test. D．Asking the students to direct the attention away from the test. 26．According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test ________. A．became less nervous before the test B．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings C．were better at controlling their feelings D．did better than those who wrote about their feelings 27．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________. A．writing about our worries before an exam can work a bit B．we can only write about our worries right before an exam C．the best place to write about our worries is in the test room before an exam D．it doesn’t matter where and when we write about our worries before an exam （八） （23-24高一上·河北保定·期中）Buying shampoo can be challenging — there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair, while others promise to strengthen and add volume. But are any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all? Since long before shampoo was invented — some say in India — our bodies have been producing sebum (皮脂) which keeps our skin from getting dry, manages the health of our head skin and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if left untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become oily. There are no disadvantages to letting our hair be oily, says Eleanore Richardson, Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic, but many people choose to wash their hair regularly for aesthetic (审美的) reasons. And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfacents (表面活性剂). They grab the dirt and oil from the surface of our hair, meaning when we wash down the shampoo, we also wash away the oil and. dirt. But, as Laura Waters, who’s a Professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis in the School of Applied Sciences at Huddersfield University; points out, “some surfacents work too well” and take the natural oils out of the hair, as well. More expensive shampoos may contain less harsh surfacents, but-adds Laura Waters — the type of shampoo doesn’t really matter. It’s on our hair very briefly and gets washed away.” It’s the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the feel of our hair. Of course, the more we put onto our hair, the more we need to wash it off, creating a unhealthy circle. So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn’t expect it to be a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you’re buying shampoo, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo can bring them back to life. 28．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The advantage of sebum. B．The source of sebum. C．The type of sebum. D．The function of sebum. 29．What do we know about according to Laura Waters? A．Expensive shampoos containing less harsh surfacents is better for our hair. B．Some surfacents of shampoos can remove the natural oils out of the hair. C．It is the surfacents of shampoos that make a bigger difference to the feel of our hair. D．It’s not necessary to wash our hair regularly for aesthetic reasons. 30．What is the author’s attitude towards expensive shampoo? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Positive. D．Indifferent. 31．What is the best title of the passage? A．Shampoo — A necessity or not. B．Shampoo — An expensive product C．Shampoo — A magical cure for our hair. D．Shampoo — A challenge to buy. （九） （23-24高一上·河北邢台·期中）Children seem to care so much about their names. A study shows that most young people wish their parents had given them a different name. Some people choose to change their names when they grow up. Many people in show business don’t use the names their parents gave them. Have you ever listened to Joanne? No? The answer could be “yes” if we call her stage name instead! You may never heard of Margaret. But if we tell you her stage name, you might know her as a famous dancer. In many cultures, there are special ideas about how to choose a name. For example, many people choose a name that has been in their family for many years. It tells the child where he or she comes from. Choosing a good name isn’t easy. Many parents search books that tell them the meanings of names. They could choose a name that carries a message. For example, Edith means “valuable gift”. Amanda means “love”. And Fara means “joy”. Names like these tell family and friends how happy they are with their new baby. Other names can say something about the events during the birth of the child. In Africa, a first born son may have the name Mosi and the name Ama means “born on Saturday”. Is every boy called Curtis polite? And is every girl called Mahira quick and full of energy? No parents can tell what kind of person their child will grow up to be. Just because parents name a boy Fahim, it doesn’t mean he will be clever. All they can do is hope. 32．What can we know about the study? A．Young kids don’t care about their future. B．Most young people care about their names. C．Most girls want to change their names. D．Most parents want to rename by themselves. 33．Why is “Joanne” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To prove some people hope to be renamed. B．To introduce a famous dancer to readers. C．To introduce her true name. D．To tell the benefit of name. 34．Why is it difficult to choose a good name? A．Kids always want to rename. B．Parents want to choose a meaningful name. C．Parents aren’t sure if their kids will like the name. D．It is hard to change kids’ names. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．Names can never influence our lives B．Methods to choose a suitable name C．Love your parents, love your name D．Your parents’ wish is behind names （十） （23-24高一上·四川·期中）Have you heard of depression (抑郁)? It’s a mental illness. People who have it may feel sad all the time or do something to hurt themselves. Now, doctors can put a “happy switch” in their heads to help them. Doctors at Shanghai Ruijing hospital helped a patient Wu Xiaotian. Wu, 31, has had depression since he was 15 years old. The doctor did an operation on Wu. They put two long lines of electrodes (电极) inside his brain. The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone. When feeling down, Wu turns on the switch and the electrodes start working. He is soon cheered up. “It feels like there is power rising from the inside of my body,” Wu said. The hospital has tested the switch on 26 patients since 2020. Up to now, it has helped cut down a patient’s sad feelings by 60%, said the hospital. But is the switch safe enough? Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it. Also, doctors have to make sure that patients don’t rely on it. Healthy people shouldn’t use it, or it may be like a kind of drug for them. 36．What really makes the “happy switch” work? A．The small “box”. B．Electrodes. C．Electricity. D．An App. 37．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why people have bad feelings. B．How the “happy switch” works. C．How doctors do operations on brains. D．Who will have the switch on their brains. 38．What do we know about the switch? A．The switch still needs improving. B．The switch is a kind of drug. C．All patients who used it became healthy. D．It can make all sadness go away. 39．What might the writer agree with? A．The new operation is safe for humans. B．Some people may use the switch to sell drugs. C．Different kinds of people should try the switch. D．People should also care about the bad points of the switch. （十一） （23-24高一上·福建·期中）Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland. Edinburgh simply makes it with culture during its long holiday season. It is not just its famous festivals in the summer but its Christmas and Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world. Along with the tourists, Edinburgh has lots of students. They bring energy and variety to the culture of the city. Although this can be overwhelming (令人不知所措) at times, if you open your arms to the good that it brings you can get so much out of the city. The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport, we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park. We have a great collective team spirit which is very important. Whenever you go there from May to September, you will likely meet both sunshine and rain. But the wet weather can be dealt with by helping each other out, spending time in the many local cafes, catching up with your friends and having a good discussion about the rain! Without doubt my favourite place in Edinburgh is the Meadows Park. I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down. I really hope that this winter brings good snow so I can review my own childhood with my son! 40．What does Edinburgh attract visitors most? A．Its successful industry. B．Its famous festivals. C．Its rainy seasons. D．Its beautiful view. 41．Compared with driving cars, what’s the advantages of riding electric bikes for Cycling Gardeners? A．Speed. B．Comfort. C．Convenience. D．Expense. 42．What does the underlined phrase “catching up” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Getting up. B．Meeting up. C．Showing up. D．Picking up. 43．Why is the Meadows Park the author’s favorite place in Edinburgh? A．He has good memories there. B．He was born there. C．He played with his young son there. D．He met his wife there. （十二） （23-24高一上·甘肃庆阳·期中）Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while. Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍乱). However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going. Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive. 44．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2? A．Become. B．Pollute. C．Block. D．Develop. 45．How do floods help ecosystems? A．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer. B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily. C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals. D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow. 46．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems. C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods. 47．What’s the best title of this article? A．The Bad Effects of Flooding B．The Secret of Flooding C．Floods-A Disaster to Humans D．Floods — A Part of Nature （十三） （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）Welcome to our school. Now let's take a look at some interesting school publications (出版物). Columbus It is our literary magazine； the name shows the place where we live. Editorial training includes developing skills for critical evaluation of student creative writing. Published twice yearly, many student contributors are also recognized as Scholastic Writing Awards winners. Diversion It is our language publication. Published every year, it features student work presented in Mandarin, French, and Spanish: Working with advisors who teach these languages, student editors help in presenting their classmates’work including poems, essays, short stories, comic strips (连环画) and art. Diversion is often used by our language teachers in the classroom as well. The Bruner It is Trinity's yearbook. Serving the entire school, it is a yearly testament (证明) to the many aspects of Trinity life. Editorial positions are named in May, allowing editors to attend a two-day summer conference at NYU. This conference allows students to develop their capability to acquire knowledge before the start of the school year. Work on the yearbook begins immediately thereafter, as students work to create an impressive K-12 publication. The Trinity Times It is the upper school newspaper, written, edited, photographed and produced entirely by students as an after-school activity. Current sections of the paper include Arts and Innovation, Trinity Life,NY Culture, Science, Opinionand Editorial, and Sports. The editorial policy is generally determined by the editorial staff and their faculty advisor. 48．How often does Diversion come out? A．Once a month. B．Once a year. C．Twice a month. D．Twice a year. 49．What is the purpose of the summer conference at NYU? A．To make editorial policy. B．To present students’poems and essays. C．To train students’ ability to gain knowledge. D．To develop students’ skills for critical assessment. 50．Which publication are students responsible for? A．Columbus. B．Diversion. C．The Bruner. D．The Trinity Times. （十四） （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission, with Yang Liwei becoming the first Chinese astronaut to go to space. Since then, another 19 astronauts have reached for the stars. The selection of the fourth generation of astronauts began in 2022 and is now in full swing. Experts revealed how tough the training is before astronauts can fly to space. The human body is not designed for space life. Astronauts are faced with multiple challenges on a space mission. The changes in gravity can have an impact on their bodies. The sensation of confinement(封闭)living in a small spacecraft for months can damage their mental health. Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program. To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, “Eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, were set,” Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical fitness training, it also includes basic scientific theories, psychological health, and mock(模拟)missions. Among the training subjects, the most tiring one is underwater training. This training is designed for astronauts to adapt to the microgravity environment in space. According to Huang, astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time. Water resistance(阻力)and the heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng, one of the astronauts, once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang. Each astronaut receives training for at least three and a half years before having the chance to go to space. 51．How many generations of Chinese astronauts have been sent to space? A．3 B．4 C．19 D．20 52．Which of following is true according to paragraph 2? A．Human body is perfect for space exploration. B．The spacecraft has enough space for astronauts to operate. C．Astronauts ought to complete missions under huge pressure. D．The isolated condition in space benefits people’s mental health. 53．Why did Huang mention Nie Haisheng’s two-kilogram weight loss? A．To stress how challenging the training is. B．To describe Nie’s personal achievements. C．To introduce the weight limit for astronauts. D．To explain the importance of proper training. 54．What does this passage mainly about? A．Microgravity environment cause health problems. B．Astronauts need tough training to meet various challenges. C．China has completed numerous missions in space exploration. D．Experts reveals the high standards of selection process of astronauts. （十五） （23-24高一上·山西临汾·期中）If you’re someone who has been worrying about the rise of the robots—hold on there just a second, and let them help you impress your friends with some newfound skills in a foreign language. Using artificial intelligence (AI) to help us learn and improve those skills is not new—some of the online language tools we turn to every day are powered by AI. But as new technologies flood into the market, now is a great time to take advantage of the tech. And according to experts, these tools aren’t replacing teachers—they’re making their lives easier. One of the things that stops some of us from practicing speaking in a new language is a lack of self-confidence. AI can help—chatbots don’t judge you. Of course, teachers don’t either, but for some people, communicating with a bot may erase that fear of failure or shyness. The latest chatbots use something called natural language processing that allows them to understand human speech or writing, providing a human-like response right away. While chatbots are extremely useful for learners working individually, teachers can also offer course material and ask an AI system to produce personalized textbooks for groups of students. The AI can also provide feedback (反馈) in seconds—gone are the days of waiting a week for work to be graded. Past online language tools and games were able to tell you when you were wrong, but they weren’t always able to explain why. Now, not only has that changed, but the explanations are detailed and immediate. But this is not to underestimate the role of the teacher, who can use the technology to help learn more about the strengths and shortcomings of their students and personalize their teaching. So, if you want to impress your friends with your perfect speech, don’t be afraid of AI. Just think of it as a useful tool for both teachers and language learners, which will give you more time and space to enjoy learning something new! 55．What is the main idea of the article? A．The dangers of Al-robots. B．The history of online language tools. C．The benefits of AI in language learning. D．The role of teachers in the modern classroom. 56．Why might someone prefer communicating with a bot? A．Because bots grade work faster. B．Because bots provide textbooks. C．Because bots are more knowledgeable. D．Because bots may remove the fear of failure or shyness. 57．What is the benefit of AI producing personalized textbooks? A．It saves time for teachers. B．It reduces the cost of education. C．It meets individual students’ needs. D．It provides detailed lesson plans. 58．What word might replace the underlined word “shortcoming” in paragraph 4? A．weakness. B．awareness. C．witness. D．darkness. （十六） （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期中）Hang your tongue out of your mouth while your eyes look upwards. Breathe loudly and use your hands to pull your head in every way. This is yoga (瑜伽) for your face. Fumiko Takatsu, creator of the Face Yoga Method, has written six books on face yoga and has been practicing facial exercises for about 15 years. Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position. Around the same time, Takatsu said she began to notice signs of aging, but gave up using creams and beauty treatments after they became too expensive. Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu’s work. Hayashi said she had a chin implant (下巴植入体) when she was 27 years old, but took it out because it misshaped her face. “That’s why I’m so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术),” Hayashi said. Like others who practice facial exercises, Hayashi believes it can fix signs of aging and help reduce wrinkles (皱纹). The question that often pops up when someone mentions face yoga is, “Does it actually work?” A study out of Northwestern University found that the exercises may help middle-aged women. “This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of face exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging,” said Dr. Murad Alam from Northwestern University.” But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.” Medical reporter Dr. Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it. “If you feel better after trying face yoga, it may be something you should keep doing,” she said. 59．What made Takatsu decide to create the Face Yoga Method? A．An unexpected car accident. B．Great interest in doing yoga. C．Unaffordable beauty treatments. D．Unsatisfactory effects of creams. 60．What do we know about Hayashi? A．She wrote a book about face yoga. B．She followed in Takatsu’s footsteps. C．She had a plastic surgery two years ago. D．She had always admired natural beauty. 61．What can be inferred from Alam’s words? A．The study is helpful but more research is needed. B．Face yoga is more suitable for women than men. C．Face yoga needs much too exercise to bring benefits. D．The study is well-designed but the findings are worthless. 62．What does Ashton think of face yoga? A．Its key point is keeping exercising. B．It can stop all kinds of signs of aging. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．Its effectiveness depends on personal feelings. （十七） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）In an ideal world, we would be able to devote as much time to sports as we feel we need. But in reality, with growing demands in both work and family, we can only jump at the chance for our physical exercise when we can. Making the most of that time to practice Yin Yang yoga, which mixes the dynamic and slow-paced elements of yoga, helps keep you active and relaxed. Yin and Yang are the Taoist concepts representing a balance of opposite forces which are also interconnected. Yin is inactive, cooling, and negative, associated with the female force. Yang is active, warming, and positive, associated with action and movement. They are complementary to one another, as one cannot exist without the other. Yin Yang yoga is a combination of high-energy movement which builds energy, increases strength and promotes stamina (耐力), followed by the more restful practice of Yin to give us a deeper stretch (拉伸) and calm the nervous system. If you have a busy and active life you may feel more in Yang, so taking some cooler, slower Yin yoga practice into your routine may help you feel calmer and more balanced. If you are practicing for an hour, divide the time in half, Warm up with sun salutations (拜日式瑜伽), continue into a dynamic flow and then move on to some standing postures. After half an hour your heart will be pumping, muscles tighten up and you are hopefully feeling energetic, but ready for a rest. Then pick five Yin postures to hold for 3-5 minutes, or even longer if you are enjoying them! As ever with yoga, if you are a beginner or have health issues, always attend a class with a trained instructor first to guide you safely through the yoga practice and avoid injury. 63．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Most of our sports time should be spent on Yin Yang yoga. B．We’d better devote as much time to physical exercise as we can. C．Busy schedule makes it impossible for us to do any form of sports. D．Yin Yang yoga can be a choice of physical exercise when time is tight. 64．What does the underlined word “complementary” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Independent from one another. B．Competitive against one another. C．Similar to each other but unable to work together as a whole. D．Different from each other but together making a good combination. 65．Which of the following might be the benefit of Yin postures? A．Relaxing muscles. B．Building stamina. C．Strengthening the body. D．Quickening the heartbeat. 66．What suggestion does the writer give in the last two paragraphs? A．Hold each Yin posture for longer than 5 minutes. B．Do not practice yoga when you are not in good health. C．Start your yoga practice under the guidance of a trainer. D．Spare half an hour for five Yin postures in every yoga practice. （十八） （23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期中）Those of us who shop online may scan customer reviews to get a better sense of products we can't judge for ourselves at a physical store. We may check out online testimonials before booking a haircut or visiting a new restaurant. But what happens if some of those reviews can't be trusted? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently announced that it was proposing new measures to crack down on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. The commission published a proposed rule that would prohibit companies from writing or selling fake reviews, buying positive reviews, suppressing negative reviews and more. “Our proposed rule on fake reviews shows that we're using all available means to attack deceptive advertising in the digital age,” Samuel Levine, director of the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection, said in a statement. Research shows people overwhelmingly consult online reviews, but humans are also bad at telling which consumer reviews hold water and which are nonsense. That's potentially worrisome given that nearly one in every three reviews is fake, according to one estimate.         In arguing for the proposal, the FTC cited enforcement actions it had taken against companies that manipulated reviews of their products. In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer Fashion Nova to pay $4.2 million to settle allegations (指控) that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its website — the first FTC action involving a company's effort to hide negative reviews. For its part, Fashion Nova said in a statement to The New York Times that the FTC's allegations were “inaccurate” and that it only settled the charges to avoid “the distraction and legal fees”. Comments on the proposed rule have to be received within 60 days of its publication in the Federal Register, after which the FTC will decide whether to issue a revised final version. 67．What is the main purpose of the FTC's proposed rule? A．To improve the quality of products and services. B．To protect the interests of physical stores. C．To ban negative reviews from online platforms. D．To ensure true reviews are presented to customers. 68．What does the underlined phrase “hold water” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Be credible. B．Be prejudiced. C．Be official. D．Be misleading. 69．Why was Fashion Nova forced to pay $ 4.2 million in a settlement in 2022? A．To delete negative reviews of its products. B．To post customer reviews on its website. C．To resolve allegations of deceptive advertising. D．To prevent it from facing further criticism and legal fees. 70．What can be inferred about the proposed rule? A．It is well-received. B．It is still under review. C．It has proven to be effective. D．It has encountered opposition. （十九） （23-24高一上·广西贺州·期中）Gorillas (大猩猩) in films such as King Kong and Tarzan are wildly beating their chests when under threat. Researchers have tried to find out what the behavior might mean, and they doubt that the gorillas exhibit this behavior not to start fights, but to prevent themselves — and chest-beating could be used to advertise their body size to other gorillas. Scientists observed 25 wild male mountain gorillas for over 3,000 hours. The research team used audio (音频) equipment to record the sound frequency, rate, duration, and amount of chest beats. To determine each gorilla’s size, the researchers used cameras to photograph and measure each gorilla’s back. Although the rate, duration, and amount of beats did not correlate with the size of the gorillas, sound frequency did , the researchers report. The team also noticed that larger gorillas produced deeper-tone chest drumming. Previous research has shown that a gorilla’s larger body size is linked to reproductive success and social rank. The chest-beating could be a way for the gorillas to advertise their size to others and, in turn, avoid fights that could result in serious injury or death. Though gorillas can obviously observe size just by getting a good look at others, the researchers suggest chest beating is copper-bottomed when trying to communicate through a thick forest. The sounds gorillas created by beating their chests are powerful enough to travel long distance through thick forests and signal others their size and fighting ability. Animal expert Anna Nekaris says it would be interesting to see if smaller gorillas can imitate the deep tones of larger ones in future studies. Nekaris says, “For now, the researchers will continue to study chest-beating to see if the action can pass on other information, such as dominance rank, sex, and individual identity, to nearby gorillas.” 71．What is the second paragraph mainly about according to the research? A．Its findings. B．Its purpose. C．Its samples. D．Its method. 72．Why do some gorillas beat their chests? A．To declare war on other gorillas. B．To frighten other gorillas away. C．To welcome their companions. D．To celebrate their victory in a fight. 73．What does Nekaris suggest researchers’ study in the future? A．If smaller gorillas can make deep-toned chest drumming. B．If gorillas’ chest-beating contains other information. C．If larger gorillas are better at using their body influence. D．If gorillas have other communication skills. 74．Which section may the passage come from in a newspaper? A．Health. B．Entertainment. C．Science. D．Sports. （二十） （23-24高一上·广东惠州·期中）There are thousands of languages in the world. But which language is the oldest? Experts use different methods to find out the age of a language. Finding the oldest language is a challenging task, according to Danny Hieber, an expert in the study of endangered languages. “If we think that most languages can date back to an original human language, all languages are equally old,” Hieber said. However, it’s impossible to find out such language —the direct ancestor of every language in the world. Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record. Many of the earliest recorded examples of writing come from languages that used cuneiform script (楔形文字). Among these languages are Sumerian and Akkadian, both dating back at least 4,600 years. Experts have also found Egyptian hieroglyphs that date to around the same historical period. These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered. Experts generally agree that Sumerian, Akkadian and Egyptian are the oldest languages with a clear written record. All three are extinct, meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation. As for the oldest language that is still spoken, several competitors appear. Hebrew and Arabic stand out among such languages for having timelines that experts can reasonably find, according to Hieber. Although these earliest written languages only date back around 3,000 years, Hieber said, “both of them belong to the Afroasiatic language family, whose roots date back to 18, 000 to 8,000 B．C． E. , or about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Even with this wide period of time, it is widely accepted that Afroasiatic is the oldest language family. But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts. 75．How do experts determine the age of a language? A．By studying its spoken dialects. B．By analyzing its basic grammar. C．By examining its written records. D．By comparing it to other languages. 76．What is the value of the Egyptian hieroglyphs? A．They’re an example of cuneiform script. B．They belong to the Afroasiatic language. C．They provide evidence of the oldest language. D．They’re the earliest-known complete sentences. 77．What does the underlined word “extinct” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Gone B．Ancient. C．Outdated. D．Active. 78．What is the main disagreement among experts regarding Hebrew and Arabic? A．The reason for their standing out. B．The exact time of their separation. C．The appearance of their competitors. D．The roots of earliest written languages. （二十一） （23-24高一上·安徽宿州·期中）Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer, the US preventive Services Task Force said in the new guidelines released Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association on June 21. Following the release of the previous guidelines in 2014, the Task Force reviewed 84 studies testing vitamins in almost 700,000 people, including 52 new studies. However, the conclusion is still the same as that of 2014: If you are a healthy adult who is not pregnant, there is not enough evidence of benefits to expand one’s life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium tablets, carotene (胡萝卜素), vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other supplements. The Task Force does not recommend taking carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular (心血管) disease or cancer, with enough evidence that it “may increase the risk of death, the death rate of cardiovascular disease and the risk of lung cancer”. Nor should people take vitamin E, “because vitamin E is not likely to be beneficial in reducing death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk,” the Task Force said. “Lifestyle recommendations for preventing chronic diseases (慢性病) should continue to focus on evidence-based methods, including balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables and physical activity,” Dr. Jeffrey Linder, Director of General Internal Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University in Chicago, wrote in an additional commentary. Take the Mediterranean diet for example. Eating the Mediterranean way, which focuses on a plant-based diet, physical activity and social engagement, can reduce the risk for high cholesterol, dementia (痴呆), memory loss, depression and breast cancer. And numerous studies found meals from the sunny Mediterranean region have also been linked to weight loss, stronger bones, a healthier heart and longer life. Another evidence-based approach is the DASH diet, which stands for “dietary approaches to stop hypertension (高血压)”. Many studies have shown that this diet successfully reduces hypertension. Both the Mediterranean and DASH diets avoid processed foods and focus on fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds. “Rather than focusing money, time, and attention on supplements, it would be better to emphasize lower-risk, higher-benefit activities...following a healthy diet, getting exercise, maintaining a health y weight, and avoiding smoking,” Linder and his colleagues wrote. However, certain groups of people do need to take specific vitamins. Some seniors may need vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplements because they absorb fewer vitamins from food as they age. Because the elderly often have less sun exposure than younger people, they may need vitamin D supplements, but the dosage must be checked by the doctor, as too much vitamin D intake can be harmful. 79．What can we learn from the Task Force? A．Vitamins must be useful to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer. B．Doctors want to control cardiovascular disease. C．It’s necessary for all people to take vitamins. D．In some regard, taking vitamins is not beneficial. 80．How many kinds of diets are mentioned to reduce death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk? A．One B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 81．According to the passage, who can take vitamins regularly? A．A 40-year-old healthy worker. B．A 15-year old healthy boy. C．A 34-year-old healthy lady. D．A 69-year-old healthy man. 82．What’s the main idea for the text? A．The history of vitamins. B．The functions of vitamins. C．Taking vitamins to prevent diseases may fail. D．People’s attitudes towards vitamins. （二十二） （22-23高一上·江苏南京·期中）In some places, people collect honey from wild bees. This is common in many parts of the world, especially South Asia. Honey hunting is a local tradition in southern India but it is not an undemanding job. The bees in southern India can grow up to the size of the smallest adult human finger. And these giant honeybees build their hives (蜂窝) on the sides of mountains! It takes many years for a honey hunter to learn to collect honey from these hives. From a young age the honey hunter learns everything about bees. He practices climbing hundreds of meters above the ground. Before the honey season, the honey hunter prepares for many days. When the day of the honey hunt season arrives, the honey hunter goes to the edge of the mountain early in the morning. He climbs down with a rope and lights some dry branches on fire. The smoke makes the bees leave the hive. With the bees flying around the honey hunter, he uses a long sharp stick to gently get pieces of the wax (蜜蜡) filled with honey. He then takes them back to the village in a box made of bamboo. Usually the hunter takes some honey and leaves some of the hive on the mountainside. He does not take the part of the hive with the baby bees in it since he does not want to destroy the home of the bees. When the honey hunter returns, the village celebrates! “They have been hunting honey in this way for more than 2,000 years. Honey was and still is an important part of their diet, cooking and medicine,” Simone Gie from the organization Slow Food International, said. 83．According to the passage, honey hunting ________. A．has a short history B．needs careful preparation C．makes some villages rich D．is often done by a young man 84．Which of the following is NOT needed during honey hunting? A．Bamboo. B．Branches. C．A rope. D．A stick. 85．What is paragraph 3 is mainly about? A．How to protect baby bees. B．The importance of honey. C．The new use for honey. D．How honey is hunted. 86．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Honey hunters B．The honey season C．Bees in South India D．Honey hunting celebrations （二十三） （23-24高一上·广东茂名·期中）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 87．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 88．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 89．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 90．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. （二十四） （23-24高一上·河南商丘·期中）A phrase “less screen time and more green time” is popular now. A study from the University of Adelaide found that more time outside and less time spent watching TV is connected with better psychological (心理的) results and school achievements among teenagers. Gardening is a great way to do so. Jim Carter, a psychologist of America, is asking for teenagers’ return to traditional values of gardening, and thinks that they need to turn off the TV and go outside to do something healthier instead. Carter even considers it important to put gardening as a usual course because it is proven to be good for mental health. “It’s physical exercise, and it teaches patience,” Carter explains. “The wait for a small sunflower seed (葵花籽) to become a six-foot plant is long.” “I’m hearing that teenagers are struggling to deal with stress, and every time they open Gardeners’ World, they talk about how gardening helps them deal with stress. They learn so much about life, and so much about themselves through gardening,” said Lee Connelly, a teacher who is carrying out his own green school programme—Gardeners’ World. “The join of gardening into the class course for schools presents a remarkable chance to change education and the benefits are far beyond the classroom, influencing mental health, behavior and developing a lifelong love for horticulture (园艺).” 91．What does Carter suggest teenagers do? A．Do exercise at home. B．Go back to gardening. C．Turn on the TV at night. D．Pay attention to psychological courses. 92．Why does Carter mention the sunflower seed? A．To prove gardening is easy. B．To say dealing with stress is difficult. C．To show green time is hard to find. D．To explain gardening develops patience. 93．What can we say about Lee Connelly’s green school programme? A．It is meaningful. B．It is useless. C．It is costly. D．It is challenging. 94．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Time to Get Close to TV B．Being Sporty, Being Healthy C．Less Screen Time, Better School Achievements D．Gardening: A Good Green Moment for Teenagers （二十五） （23-24高一上·北京昌平·期中）Whenever anyone asks me what tech I’d like to see invented, I always say the universal translator, which lets you understand and speak any language. Meta AI recently announced the start of the universal speech translator (UST) project, which aims to create AI systems that enable real-time speech-to-speech translation across all languages, even those that are spoken but not commonly written. Meta says that today’s AI translation models are focused on widely-used written languages, and that more than 40% of primarily spoken languages are not covered by such translation technologies. According to Meta, the model is the first AI-powered speech translation system for the unwritten language Hokkien (闽南语), a Chinese language spoken in southeastern China. The system allows Hokkien speakers to hold conversations with English speakers, a significant step toward bringing people together wherever they are located. To build UST, Meta AI focused on overcoming three important translation system challenges. It addressed data scarcity by getting more training data in more languages and finding new ways to use the data it had found. It solved the modeling problems that arise as models grow to serve many more languages. And it sought new ways to improve on its results. Meta AI claims that the techniques it pioneered with Hokkien can be extended to many other unwritten languages—and eventually work in real time. For this purpose, Meta has released the Speech Matrix, a large collection of speech-to-speech translations, which enables other research teams to create translation models for other languages. Artificial (人工的) speech translation could play a significant role in our world. For interactions, it will enable people from around the world to communicate with each other more smoothly, making the social net more interconnected.  For content, using artificial speech translation allows you to easily localize content. Yashar Behzadi, CEO and founder of Synthesis AI, believes that technology needs to enable more natural experiences if the digital world is to succeed.  He says that one of the current challenges for UST models is the computationally expensive training that’s needed because of the wide range and very slight differences in meaning or sound of languages. Also, to train strong AI models requires vast amounts of typical data. A significant bottleneck to building these AI models in the near future will be to ensure training data collect the privacy in agreement with rules and law. 95．What is the feature of the UST project? A．It changes spoken languages to written forms. B．It attracts wider attention to written languages in translation. C．It adds 40% of spoken languages into translation technology. D．It enables real-time speech-to-speech translation across all languages. 96．What does the word “scarcity” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Lack. B．Mistake. C．Recovery. D．Management. 97．What do we know about UST? A．It is expensive to collect typical data. B．It increases the use of a certain language. C．Its techniques are finally developed for Hokkien. D．It helps inspire interactions and content localization. 98．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．AI Translation: Make Translation Faster B．AI Translation: Meet You in All Languages C．Unwritten Language: Bring People Together D．Unwritten Language: Translation Challenge （二十六） （23-24高一上·云南昭通·期中）A study by University of Michigan researchers found that about mine out of ten people in New York City were exposed to noises that were high enough to harm their hearing. Some of the risk comes from traffic and other environmental sounds, but we suffer a lot of punishment on our ears by simply attending sports events and concerts. Listening to music through earphones and turning up the volume also do damage. Hearing aids may have seemed not comfortable to wear for some people. But today, you might not even realize that the person next to you is wearing a pair of earphones so small and thin that they’re mostly hidden inside the ears. You might be even more surprised to discover that the person can adjust those hearing aids on a phone app — to make it easier to hear what you’re saying in a crowded, noisy environment. “There’s a cool factor for hearing aids,” explains Dr. Hope Lanter. “They’re significantly (显著地) better and smaller.” Lanter is the lead audiologist (听力学家) for hear. com, an online source for hearing aids from various producers, which also offers access to a nationwide network of audiologists who can provide in-person testing and help. Hear. com has started its own product, which is named the Horizon, together with engineers from hearing aid maker Signia, according to a news report. In addition to producing clear speech, the Horizon is also designed to interact with phones and other tools, make phone calls, stream podcasts, read e-books and so on. Throughout the United States, the number of hearing aids and earphones is on the rapid increase. Though they have brought much benefit for those who have difficulty in hearing, they really do great harm to people with normal hearing when they listen to music or talk with others. 99．Why did the author mention the study in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To show the number of deaf people. C．To explain the importance of protecting hearing. D．To tell us the wide use of earphones. 100．What can we infer about hearing aids from Lanter’s words? A．Many people feel it awkward to wear hearing aids. B．More and more people are wearing hearing aids now. C．Hearing aids are getting more and more advanced. D．It’s easier to stay away from loud noises with hearing aids. 101．What’s the author’s attitude towards hearing aids and earphones? A．Unfavorable. B．Supportive. C．Confident. D．Not mentioned. 102．What’s the text mainly about? A．Loud noises in the United States. B．Different earphones producers. C．The advantages of hearing aids. D．The wide use of hearing aids and earphones. （二十七） （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期中）Here’s an all-too-familiar situation: You excitedly packed for your beach trip. Luckily, you remembered all the necessities: socks, underwear, a phone charger and your passport, etc. But upon arrival, you realized you forgot to bring your toothbrush. In a new study, researchers suggest offloading important to-do items — for example, by setting reminders on your phone — could clear brain space to better remember the little things, like your toothbrush. To prove this, the researchers developed a memory task to be played on a touch screen computer. The test was undertaken by 158 volunteers aged between 18 and 71. They were shown 12 numbered circles on the screen, and had to remember to drag some of these to the left and some to the right. The number of circles that they remembered to drag to the correct side decided their rewards at the end of the experiment. One side was “high value’, meaning that remembering to drag a circle to this side was worth 10 times as much money as remembering to drag a circle to the other “low value” side. Volunteers performed this task 16 times. They had to use their own memory to remember at half of the trials and they were allowed to set reminders on the external digital devices for the other half. The researchers found volunteers tended to use the digital devices to store details of the high-value circles. And, when they did so, their memory for those circles was improved by 18%. “What was unexpected was that their memory for low-value circles was also improved by 27%, even in those who had never set any reminders for low-value circles,” said Sam Gilbect. However, results also showed a potential cost to using reminders. When reminders were taken away, the volunteers remembered the low-value circles better than the high-value ones. “Far from causing digital dementia (痴呆), using a memory device can even improve our memory for information that we never saved. But we need to be careful that we back up the most important information. Otherwise, if a memory tool fails, we could be left with nothing but less important  information in our own memory,” Gilbert said. 103．The situation in paragraph 1 is described to show that ______. A．our memory is incorrect sometimes B．our memory has a certain preference C．our memory has an order of importance D．our memory is likely to weaken over time 104．What can we learn about the experiment? A．Volunteers’ performance was connected with their ages. B．Volunteers tended to set reminders for low-value circles. C．Volunteers were not allowed to use devices in the experiment. D．Dragging high-value circles to the correct side would win more awards. 105．What surprised the researchers? A．Digital devices did harm to the brain when used improperly. B．Volunteers tended to remember low-value information better. C．Volunteers’ memory for low-value content was improved too. D．Volunteers tended to use digital devices for high-value information. 106．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．We rely too much on to-do lists B．Digital reminders are replacing human memory C．Overuse of technology leads to digital dementia D．Using digital reminders helps improve our memory （二十八） （23-24高一上·河南南阳·期中）Traditionally, the number of meaningful social relationships one can maintain is around 150. This concept finds its roots in the natural development of the human brain. However, in the digital age, where our social connections extend far beyond the geographical boundaries (界限), we easily create more connections with the help of the rising online platforms. Then, a question arises: Does the digital age rewrite the rules of social connection? A study published in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking explored the effect of social media usage on the size of social circles and the closeness of relationships. The researchers found that more time spent on social media made for a larger number of online “friends,” but not a larger number of offline friends. Further, the findings were not linked to feelings of closeness towards online or offline friends. Another study from the European Journal of Information Systems studied the link between social media usage and “social overload” — the feeling that too much of the energy for socializing is being used up by online relationships. The authors found that social media usage directly contributed to the experience of social overload, related to digital tiredness and dissatisfaction with social media. With social media platforms rising, one’s ability to connect with people challenges the traditional concept. The brain, used to manage a limited number of relationships, now fights against the difficulties of dealing with a large number of digital connections, leading to a less attention and feeling investment (投入) in a relationship. And the online shallow connections can not develop meaningful, lasting relationships that stand the test of digital distance. Therefore, in the digital age’s social whirlwind, instead of drowning (淹没) in a sea of weak interaction (互动), choose to engage in meaningful conversations and focus on the handful of relationships that truly fit your heart. Hug the beauty of face-to-face connections, allowing the richness of human interaction to flower beyond the digital world. By doing so, we create digital and physical spaces that truly improve our well-being. 107．Why did the author mention the traditional concept in the first paragraph? A．To tell a story. B．To develop the topic. C．To show his sincerity. D．To give an example. 108．What can we learn from the first study? A．Online relationships were closer. B．Spending more time online improved one’s health. C．Social media usage had no effect on one’s social circles. D．The large online social circles didn’t mean the large number of offline friends. 109．What was the disadvantage of engaging in too many relationships? A．It resulted in one’s less attention to a relationship. B．It caused the brain to break down and damaged the health. C．It led to expression errors when one socialized with friends. D．It developed shallow connections that stand the test of distance. 110．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Offline Relationships: The Source of Well-being. B．Social Overload: Do You Have Too Many Friends? C．Social Media: The Bridge of People’s Connections? D．Online Friends: The Cause of Digital Dissatisfaction. （二十九） （23-24高一上·湖北武汉·期中）Adaptations are the currency of the movie industry. It’s common to see that the latest hit movie or thrilling drama is inspired by a novel, video game, or perhaps even a comic book. The journey of the page being adapted to the screen has been covered a lot. But little is the process spoken about in reverse.     The most well-known version of a film making its way into the publishing industry is through the classic novelization. Movie novelizations went through a popular period before the Internet existed. Fans wanted to keep learning more about the fictional worlds they had stepped. into and needed to experience the story again in a new way. They couldn’t simply google it, nor could they immediately get the production on tape. Therefore, the novelization was a great solution.     Novelizations were usually written by authors who were not in the movie-making process. Instead, they would receive the most complete version of the screenplay to hand and would begin to write their adaptation based on that document. Although changes could be made, there were times where a novelization didn’t actually reflect what happened on the screen because scenes could be cut or replaced and the novelizations were left outdated. But there’s also an advantage. The novelizations were a small piece of movie-making history in their own right. Massive films like Star Wars, ET, Back To The Future, and Alien all received their own page adaptation. It was a completely unique experience before the films were even available to watch. For a time, they were everything for cinema lovers.     Regardless of the influences on the tales, movie adaptations provide a creative outlet for new concepts to be developed. That’s a wonderful idea. which should be encouraged for those movies that never got a chance to continue on their path. 111．What does the underlined phrase “in reverse” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Equally. B．Oppositely. C．Similarly. D．Completely. 112．Why were movie novelizations popular before the Internet existed? A．They took the place of productions on tape. B．They were adapted from up-to-date novels. C．They satisfied fans’ curiosity in a different way. D．They created a fictional world for people to first step in. 113．What is probably the disadvantage of a novelization? A．Its choosing the wrong story. B．Its missing the point of the screenplay. C．Its cutting and replacing movie scenes. D．Its failing to match the original movie. 114．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Novel-based Movies. B．Fast-developing Industries. C．Film-to-book Adaptations. D．Well-known novelizations. （三十） （23-24高一上·江苏·期中）Virtual reality is quickly becoming the new technological frontier. Tech companies everywhere seem to be racing to get their foot in the VR door. However, virtual reality has a set of challenges and hurdles that it must overcome in order to work well. It should be noted that VR is heavily dependent on being very fast, very accurate and very good-looking. If it isn’t, the viewer will feel motion sick or disconnected from the world that VR is trying to create. Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are seeing a rising interest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it? Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows for people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect. The possibilities for storytelling here are legion, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR. The question of virtual reality, though, is not how powerful it is. That is immediately apparent. The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail. Accessibility was one concern for Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications, who said that current VR technology, is pretty exclusive right now. Despite that, he said he doesn’t think the exclusivity of this technology will be a problem in the long run. “I think it’s very promising,” Hallaq said. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.” Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories. 115．Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism? A．Because it is an exclusively new tool. B．Because it is very powerful and popular. C．Because people can experience the story in person. D．Because it is very fast, accurate and good-looking. 116．According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing? A．How powerful and interesting it can be. B．Whether people will have easy access to it. C．Whether qualified VR headsets can be built. D．What new ways people will find to deliver content. 117．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology? A．Optimistic. B．Neutral. C．Pessimistic. D．Concerned. 118．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality B．The Future Development of Virtual Reality C．Challenges and Hurdles of Virtual Reality D．Virtual Reality is the Future of Storytelling （三十一） （23-24高一上·山西大同·期中）If you’ve never had hot pot, you’re absolutely missing out. Not only is it delicious, but it’s also a fantastic meal to share with friends or family. But it also generates a lot of waste oil. In fact, hot pot is reportedly responsible for 12,000 tons of waste oil per month just in the Chinese city of Chengdu alone. Instead of just throwing away that oil, one company decided to turn it into jet fuel (航空燃料). Bloomberg recently published a great article about Sichuan Jinshang Environmental Technology, a company that began exporting hot pot waste oil to be turned into biofuel that can power planes. It’s not exactly a perfect solution to the greenhouse gas emissions that the aviation (航空) industry is responsible for, but it’s a step in the right direction. “Our mission is to make waste oil fly to the sky,” Zhong Guojun, the company’s vice president, told Bloomberg. Based in Chengdu, Sichuan Jinshang Environmental Technology takes waste oil from around the city and refines it into something called industrial mixed oil. The refined oil is then exported to be turned into jet fuel or biodiesel (生物柴) by companies such as BP or Neste Oyj, the biggest producer of sustainable jet fuel in the world. And with new requirements for airlines to use more biofuel in their planes, there’s a lot of demand despite the fact that it’s still more expensive than regular jet fuel. “When there is a demand, the supply will catch up, and the demand is already here,” said Chong Cheng Tung, Associate Professor at the China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University told Bloomberg. “So either you switch your fuel to green fuel, like bio-jet fuel, or you have to meet additional payments for travelling.” Last year, Neste announced plans to spend more than $2 billion expanding its capacity to produce sustainable jet fuel. By 2026, it hopes to be able to produce 1.2 million tons of the stuff. Other companies such as Chevron, BP. and Total Energies are producing it on a smaller scale (规模) but also plan to increase their output soon. 119．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Purify. B．Add. C．Pack. D．Ruin. 120．What can we infer about the green jet fuel? A．Sichuan Jinshang Environmental Technology is the biggest producer. B．Airlines are required to use more of it or they will be fined. C．It is cheaper than regular jet fuel. D．Greenhouse gas emission can be greatly reduced by it. 121．The last paragraph aims to __________. A．tell us the plan of several companies B．show the popularity of this bio-jet fuel C．call on more companies to follow the trend and produce green jet fuel D．prove this green jet fuel is a perfect solution to greenhouse gas emission 122．Which can be the best title of this passage? A．Chinese company helps turn leftover hot pot oil into jet fuel B．How was the hot pot oil turned into green jet fuel C．A new way to produce jet fuel was discovered D．Environmental protection calls for eco-friendly jet fuel （三十二） （23-24高一上·北京丰台·期中）In the story A Christmas Carol, the wealthy miser (吝啬鬼) Ebenezer Scrooge has a magical, life-changing epiphany (顿悟). Scrooge’s eyes are opened as to how his behavior affects other people — and he goes from a selfish grump to a generous benefactor overnight, thanks to visits from ghosts. Scrooge’s transformation comes down to knowledge. But do people really want to know how their actions affect others? As behavioral scientists, we wanted to understand just how common willful ignorance is — as well as why people engage in it. Experiments were carried out to find answers. Researchers asked one member of each pair to choose between two options (选择) in one of two settings, determining the earnings for themselves and their partner. In the transparent setting, if they chose $5 for themselves, they knew their partner would also receive $5. If, however, they chose $6 for themselves, they knew their partner would receive only $1 in return. In the ambiguous setting, there were two possible situations. In one, if the decision-maker selected $6 for themselves, their partner would receive $1, and if the decision-maker chose $5, their partner would receive $5. But in the other situation, the decision-maker could pick $6 and their partner would receive $5, or the decision-maker could select $5 and their partner would receive $1. The decision-maker knew these two systems — but they were not initially aware of which situation they were in. Interestingly, the decision-maker had the opportunity to resolve that ambiguity by clicking a button. Across all studies, we found in the transparent setting 55% chose the altruistic option. In the ambiguous setting, however, 40% of participants chose to remain ignorant. 60% of people in the ignorant group chose a higher personal payout in situations where this choice came at the expense of their partner. Among those who requested more information, 36% knowingly kept a higher payout at a cost to their partner. Only 39% of people in the ambiguous setting made the choice that ultimately benefited their partner — a significant drop from 55% in the transparent condition. But how do we know if ignorance in the ambiguous setting was willful? We conducted a second analysis focused on what motivates people to seek information. In this analysis we looked at how people who obtained additional information behaved in comparison with those who were given information. We found that people who chose to receive information in the ambiguous setting were seven percentage points more likely to make the altruistic choice than people in the transparent setting. By the same token, the finding also suggests ignorance prevents people from knowing how their actions harm others. If we can avoid putting a strong moral emphasis on decisions, it may make people feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignorant. We may not have Dickensian ghosts to guide us — but there are still steps we can take. 123．The author mentions Scrooge’s change mainly to ______. A．draw a comparison B．introduce a topic C．evaluate a character D．give an example 124．If the decision-maker chose to click the button in the ambiguous setting, they would ______. A．drop out of the experiment B．know the situation they are in C．receive the additional earnings D．switch to the other situation they prefer 125．What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Inadvisable. B．Selfless. C．Fair-minded. D．Unrealistic. 126．What can we learn from the passage? A．The ignorant group tend to sacrifice their own interest. B．Moral evaluation might lead to more intentional ignorance. C．There is no common payout system shared by both settings. D．Avoiding information might make people feel like bad persons. （三十三） （23-24高一上·北京朝阳·期中）Despite decades of research, disorders of the brain have proved especially difficult to treat. There is schizophrenia (精神分裂症), which has not seen a breakthrough for more than 60 years, since the discovery of chlorpromazine — which happened largely by chance. But the story of chlorpromazine offers a powerful lesson: originally an antihistamine (抗过敏药), it was repurposed as a medicine for schizophrenia. As a scientist who has studied schizophrenia for decades, I am convinced that we could have similar successes with other medicines already on our shelves. Because an existing drug has already passed Food and Drug Administration tests(FDA-approved), successfully repurposing it could take less than half of the estimated 13 years and significantly less than the average $2-billion to $3-billion cost of developing a single drug from nothing. The thousands of FDA-approved drugs thus represent a vast resource that can possibly be adapted to target any number of conditions. But this possibility is largely unexplored, in part because drug companies always have to restructure their Research and Development (R&D) programs to look at other diseases. There are also thousands of drugs that are not FDA-approved. When a company discontinues development of a drug, whatever researchers know is locked up in that company’s files and might as well be lost. Scientists need access (使用机会) to this information. If this information could be directed into a centralized resource, it would be great news. Researchers could employ the latest tools in bio-informatics, data science and machine learning to uncover common molecular (分子的) themes among or between diseases and promising drugs. Yet many drug companies are still unwilling to reveal anything that might put their copyrights at risk. Even academics may hesitate to share with competing laboratories. To cope with this, organizations like the FDA must develop motivations for sharing data, such as by creating legal safeguards for privacy and commercial interests. These motivations could then open the floodgates for easy-to-use, open platforms for efficiently sharing and mining data. This would not have been possible five years ago. But now is a critical moment, and we have never been closer to real breakthroughs. In my lab, we are testing certain cancer drugs that restore some of the biological processes that are disturbed in schizophrenia. We want to see if the drugs have the same restorative features in the brain cells of schizophrenia patients. This is a proof of the idea that a systematic and strategic approach to drug repurposing could actually move the needle. There is no time to waste. What we need is cooperation from drug companies and academic scientists alike — and access to the lifesaving data they hold. 127．Why does the author mention chlorpromazine in the first paragraph? A．To stress the difficulty in treating brain disorders. B．To explain medical progress could happen by luck. C．To introduce a medicine breakthrough in medical history D．To show a medicine for a certain illness can treat another disease. 128．What can we learn from the passage? A．Information arising from drug development can be wasted. B．The undeveloped functions of present medicines are overvalued. C．We should treasure FDA-approved drugs more than the unapproved. D．Studying existing drugs is more likely to succeed than developing new ones. 129．As for drug companies’ being unwilling to share, the author is _______. A．supportive B．negative C．understanding D．uncertain 130．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．New Drugs from Old B．Access to Lifesaving Data C．Between Drug Companies and Scientists. D．Before and After Medical Breakthroughs （三十四） （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期中）A recent study from psychologist Sarah Kucker at Oklahoma State University suggests shyness can influence a child’s performance in language tests, depending on the level of social interaction (互动交流) required to complete the test. Shy children tend to keep quiet in everyday life, including communicating with others. The study points out that the behavior can make judging a child’s language abilities more challenging since shy children find it harder to verbally engage with testers (that’s when children are required to speak out) than during less socially demanding tests. The research by Sarah Kucker was published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, and involved 122 children between the ages of 17 and 42 months. Each child underwent a series of three language tasks that required different levels of social interaction: a looking task, a pointing task, and a verbal task. In each, the children were asked to find a known object from a set of pictures. Parents reported their child’s shyness in an early childhood behavior survey. The results showed significant differences in children’s performance across the tasks depending on shyness. Shyer children did worse in the verbal task than the less-shy children of the same age. However, all children performed well in the pointing task independent of their shyness level. The looking task produced more complicated results, meaning that shyer children were occasionally more accurate (精确的) but less likely to respond. “A child’s shyness could strongly impact how they will behave in language tasks,” said Kucker. “When children are given language ability tests, testers should take into account the child’s shyness level, perhaps using tasks that are less socially demanding for them, such as pointing tasks instead of verbal ones.” Kucker believes recognizing the impact of shyness will help to ensure language tests are more effective and provide a better understanding of a child’s language development. 131．What does the underlined word “verbally” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．In written forms. B．With chosen pictures. C．In spoken words. D．With hand gestures. 132．What do we know about the research according to the text? A．The children took one of three language tests. B．The children were asked to speak in each test. C．Shyer children did worse in most of the tests. D．Shyer children did well in less interactive tests. 133．Which of the following may Kucker agree with? A．Language test results are not accurate. B．The level of language tests is too high. C．The child’s shyness level is to be tested. D．It’s unnecessary to take a language test. 134．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Shyness Slows Down Children’s Language Development B．New Study Suggests Language Tests Should Be Changed C．Children Find it Challenging to Communicate with Testers D．Shyness Impacts Children’s Performance in Language Tests （三十五） （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）Recently, economist Francisca Antman makes a convincing case that the explosion of tea as an everyman’s drink in late 1700s England saved many lives. This would not have been because of any beneficial substances of the leaf. Instead, the simple practice of boiling water for tea, in an era before people understood that illness could be caused by water-borne pathogens (病原体), may have been enough to keep many from an early grave. Between 1761 and 1834, the annual death rate decreased considerably, but wages didn’t seem to have risen much and standards of living arguably didn’t increase. Actually, with the rise of the industrial revolution, many people crowded into towns whose sanitation (卫生条件) left much to be desired. Some historians suggested that boiling water for tea might have played a role in this decrease. “With people coming into cities to work, given the level of sanitation they have, the big killer is water.” says Antman. Using data from over 400 English districts, relating water sources and quality with death rates, she found the key date is 1785 when tea suddenly became affordable for the majority of Britons. There were many things to recommend tea as a drink of the common people: you could make a satisfying drink with just a few leaves, which could be reused for multiple pots, and tea was potentially cheaper than beer, which became expensive both by the complex making process and by a tax on malt (麦芽). She found that deaths dropped in all districts, but those with bad water saw death rates drop 18% more than those with good water. Interestingly,while there wasn’t a noticeable decrease in deaths among children aged two to five — who typically didn’t consume much tea — there was a slight fall in infant deaths, perhaps reflecting the fact that if tea-drinking parents had less diarrheal (腹泻) disease, their very young children might have been protected a bit as well. 135．What might contribute to decreased death rates according to some historians? A．Desirable sanitation. B．Less water-related disease. C．Industrial revolution. D．Beneficial substances in tea. 136．Why did the majority of Britons in 1785 turn to tea? A．Because it tasted better than beer. B．Because it was less costly and reusable. C．Because people needn’t pay any tax on it. D．Because people enjoyed its making process. 137．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Drinking tea has tittle influence on young children. B．Children can also drink tea to protect themselves from diarrheal disease. C．Parents’ tea-drinking habits may have a positive effect on their children. D．Death rates of children didn’t drop due to their lack of tea-drinking habits. 138．What is the text mainly about? A．Why people need to boil water to make tea. B．Why British develop a love for drinking tea. C．How tea gains increasing popularity in Britain. D．How Britain’s taste for tea may have saved lives. （三十六） （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）The middle child, I think, is now an “endangered species”. According to a study, in 1976, 65 percent of mothers between aged 40 and 44 had three or more children. Today, nearly two-thirds of women with children have only one or two. Middle children will soon be the tiniest. As a middle child, I am disappointed at the potential disappearance of middle children. I’m the middle of three — two boys, one girl — so I’m what’s sometimes regarded as a “classic middle child”. Being a middle child is not something you are eager for. As one middle child said to me, “There is a thing called middle-child syndrome (综合征). I certainly was always aware that the middle was not a position to be admired, even as I came to see typical middle-child features in myself. Middle children are natural mediators (和事佬); I avoid disagreements and habitually act as the family peace-maker. Middle children tend to be private but also long for love; I keep to myself but do not exactly hate attention.” According to studies, middles traditionally receive less economic and emotional support from their parents. They also typically have less close relationships with their mothers and fathers compared with other brothers or sisters, so they tend to have more friends to fill the feeling gap. In a study conducted by the City College of New York in which participants were asked to choose words they associate with the first, last, and middle kids, positive words such as caring and ambitious were cited concerning all three birth orders. Only middles, however, were described with such negative terms as overlooked and confused. More importantly, middles may be many things and they were the only birth order with which no one connected the term “overindulged”. It is true: their parents couldn’t allow them to do or have whatever they want, especially when they are old enough, and they don’t ask for everything either even if they are eager to own it occasionally. 139．Why does the author mention the study in paragraph 1? A．To inform a definition. B．To introduce the topic. C．To make a comparison. D．To support his opinion. 140．What can we learn about “middle-child syndrome”? A．It is dangerous for middles to suffer from it. B．It clearly shows the typical features of middles. C．It is what non-middle kids admire and wish for. D．It is the result of the unsuccessful parenting style. 141．Who is an overindulged kid according to paragraph 5? A．John, 3, asking his mother for dressing him. B．Mary, 8, busy in focusing on her preference. C．Paul, 12, unwilling to have breakfast by himself. D．Nancy, 17, afraid to challenge the math problems. 142．What’s the author’s opinion about middles according to the passage? A．They are always in low spirits. B．They stress the protection of privacy. C．They are ignored but independent. D．They support the family economically. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一上·四川乐山·期中）Monkeys are considered as one of the most intelligent animals on earth. Humans often want to study their habits and behavior. But the problem is: how to know who’s who? In the past, scientists had to make marks on each of the animals to know them. But in the future, they may have an easier way to tell them apart because of facial recognition technology. A research team from China’s Northwest University is using facial recognition technology to know thousands of snub-nosed monkeys that live on Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi province. Similar to human facial recognition, the technology that is used to identify monkeys uses their facial features to create a database (数据库) that includes every monkey. “When the system is fully developed, we can connect it with cameras set up in the mountains. The system will automatically (自动地) recognize the monkeys, name them and observe their behavior,” said Zhang He, a member of the research team. “For each snub-nosed monkey, we have 700 to 800 image samples (样本), and the recognition success rate is 94 percent,” Zhang added. Compared with facial recognition technology for humans, facial recognition technology for monkeys is more difficult because monkeys have very hair y faces. The color of their hair causes them to blend (融入) into their environment. These make it harder for computers to do the job. “Monkeys do not cooperate (合作) with researchers in the same way humans do. It is difficult to take high-quality pictures and videos of them, which are needed to improve the system,” said Li Bao, leader of the research team. Now, there are about 4,000 snub-nosed monkeys living on Qinling Mountain. The team’s goal is to successfully identify every monkey that lives there. 1．What problem did scientists face while studying monkeys? A．How to cooperate with them. B．How to tell them apart. C．How to understand their behavior. D．How to use facial recognition technology. 2．What does the underlined word “identify” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Judge. B．Connect. C．Collect. D．Recognize. 3．What is among the difficulties of using facial recognition technology for monkeys? A．Monkeys are difficult to catch in the forests. B．Most monkeys look very different. C．Monkeys like to play with researchers. D．Monkeys’ faces are very hairy. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A scientific study of snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain. B．The use of facial recognition technology for studying monkeys. C．The difficulties of using facial recognition technology for monkeys. D．Different ways to recognize snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文属于说明文。科学家一直在研究猴子，但是面临如何识别猴子的难题。科学家开始研究使用猴脸识别技术来识别猴子。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But the problem is: how to know who’s who?(但问题是：如何分辨谁是谁？)”和第二段“But in the future, they may have an easier way to tell them apart because of facial recognition technology.(但在未来，由于面部识别技术，他们可能有一种更容易区分的方法)”可知，科学家面临的问题是如何识别猴子。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Similar to human facial recognition”和“uses their facial features to create a database(用它们的面部特征创建一个数据库)”可知，该技术人类面部识别类似，被用于识别猴子。故划线词意思是“识别”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第七段“Compared with facial recognition technology for humans, facial recognition technology for monkeys is more difficult because monkeys have very hair y faces.(与人类的面部识别技术相比，猴子的面部识别技术难度更大，因为猴子的脸上有很多毛发)”可知，在猴子身上使用面部识别技术的困难是猴子的脸上有很多毛。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“A research team from China’s Northwest University is using facial recognition technology to know thousands of snub-nosed monkeys that live on Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi province.(中国西北大学的一个研究小组正在使用面部识别技术来了解生活在陕西省秦岭的数千只仰鼻猴)”以及本文主要讲的是科学家开始研究使用猴脸识别技术来识别猴子过程中的一些难题和目标，B选项“使用面部识别技术来研究猴子”能涵盖文章主题。故选B。 （二） （23-24高一上·河南信阳·期中）The American Psychological Association (APA) has issued its first guidance on teens’ social media use. What’s most surprising in its databased recommendations is how little we know about how these apps affect our kids. The relative newness of platforms like Snapchat and TikTok means little research is available about their long-term effects on teen and tween brains. Getting better data will require significant funding-and much more openness from tech companies. What little evidence we do have unsurprisingly suggests that social media trades on motivators (激励因素) that aren’t great for young brains. Many kid start using social media “at the worst possible time when it comes to brain development”, says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist and neuroscientist at the University of North Carolina(UNC). “Thing like the ‘like’ button and artificial intelligence(in general)are going to affect young people’s brains in a way that’s very different from adult brains when it comes to the desire to stay online and to say or do almost anything to get followers.” When it comes to social interactions (互动), he compares kids’ brains to a car with a huge gas pedal and weak brakes (刹车). Earlier this year, Prinstein and his UNC colleagues published the results of one of the first studies of how the teenage brain reacts to social media. The team surveyed a group of middle schoolers to understand their social media habits, and then stuck them in an MRI machine to watch their brains as they reacted to social rewards or punishments. They found that 12-year-olds who habitually checked social media had different neural patterns, with more activity over time in parts of the brain associated with motivation, salience(or where attention is focused)and cognitive (认知的) control. The team didn’t weigh in on whether those differences were good or bad, or whether the relationship was causal or correlational. But their work points to the need for more research. It should also remind parents of the need to be keenly aware of social media’s hidden influence on still-developing brains. 5．What issue regarding social media apps does the APA report highlight? A．Their effects on social connections. B．The lack of data on their influence. C．The dishonesty of their developers D．The ineffectiveness of their motivators. 6．Which word can best describe young brains in relation to social interactions? A．Uncontrolled. B．Sensitive C．Unpredictable. D．Productive 7．What did Prinstein’s team discover about teenagers who regularly usesocial media? A．They are usually highly motivated B．They find it difficult to concentrate C．They have greater cognitive control D．Their brains show unique features 8．What might be the best title for the text? A．Empowering Teens in the Digital Age B．How to Guide Teens’ Social Media Engagement C．The Importance of Healthy Social Media Habits D．The Hidden Influence of Social Media on Young Minds 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章重点讨论了社交媒体对青少年大脑的潜在影响。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“What’s most surprising in its databased recommendations is how little we know about how these apps affect our kids.(在其数据库推荐中，最令人惊讶的是，我们对这些应用程序如何影响我们的孩子知之甚少)”和第二段“The relative newness of platforms like Snapchat and TikTok means little research is available about their long-term effects on teen and tween brains. Getting better data will require significant funding-and much more openness from tech companies.(Snapchat和抖音等平台相对较新，这意味着关于它们对青少年大脑的长期影响的研究很少。获得更好的数据将需要大量的资金——以及科技公司更加开放的态度)”可知，APA报告中强调了我们对这些应用对青少年的影响了解甚少，即缺乏关于其影响的数据。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“When it comes to social interactions (互动), he compares kids’ brains to a car with a huge gas pedal and weak brakes (刹车).(当谈到社会互动时，他把孩子的大脑比作一辆油门踏板很大、刹车却很弱的汽车)”可知，青少年的大脑在进行社交活动时就好像汽车有一个猛油门和弱刹车，即很容易失控。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They found that 12-year-olds who habitually checked social media had different neural patterns, with more activity over time in parts of the brain associated with motivation, salience (or where attention is focused) and cognitive (认知的) control.(他们发现，习惯查看社交媒体的12岁儿童具有独特的神经模式，随着时间的推移，大脑中与动机、突出性（或注意力集中的地方）和认知控制相关的部分活动更多)”可知， Prin stein的团队发现他们大脑的结构呈现出独特的模式。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。根据第三段“What little evidence we do have unsurprisingly suggests that social media trades on motivators (激励因素) that aren’t great for young brains. Many kid start using social media “at the worst possible time when it comes to brain development”, says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist and neuroscientist at the University of North Carolina(UNC).(毫无疑问，我们所掌握的少量证据表明，社交媒体利用的激励因素对年轻人的大脑并不好。北卡罗来纳大学的心理学家和神经科学家米奇·普林斯坦说，许多孩子“在大脑发育最糟糕的时候”开始使用社交媒体)”结合文章重点讨论了社交媒体对青少年大脑的潜在影响。D选项“社交媒体对年轻人思想的潜在影响”符合文章标题。故选D。 （三） （23-24高一上·四川成都·期中）Though the FIFA World Cup came to an end in December 2022, the people of a particular city in China were busy making soccer history of their own. Zibo in Shandong province is called “the home of soccer ball”, being the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. Modern soccer sport started in England, but cuju won recognition (认可) from FIFA, as the earliest form of soccer in 2004． “Side-flicking”, “chest down” and “shoulder stopper” are some of the key moves acquired by cuju players. Li Weipeng,34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing these skills for 18 years. Acquiring different cuju skills is not easy. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠) a ball. It was tiring,” Li said. He is now able to juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times in a row (连续地). Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi. Its moves have been adapted (改编) into dances and morning exercises. “Students show great interest in playing cuju, which encourages me to promote (推广) the ancient sport,” Li added. Moreover, cuju has also become a platform for cultural exchanges. During the World Cup in Qatar, Li introduced cuju at a China-Qatar youth exchange activity held in Doha. He led Chinese and Qatari youth players, wearing traditional cuju costumes, to experience the ancient game. Many soccer fans watched them, cheered for them and gave them the thumbs-up. Many people were curious and wanted to communicate with the cuju players. 9．Where is the birthplace of cuju? A．Zibo. B．England. C．Doha. D．Qatar. 10．How old was Li Weipeng when he began to learn cuju? A．14 years old. B．16 years old. C．18 years old. D．34 years old. 11．How did Li Weipeng feel when he first practiced juggling a ball? A．Excited. B．Curious. C．Tired. D．Confident. 12．What encourages Li to promote cuju? A．His experience in cuju. B．The popularity of soccer. C．The need of cultural exchanges. D．Students’ interest in cuju. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代运动蹴鞠的传承和推广情况。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Zibo in Shandong province is called “the home of soccer ball”, being the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. (山东省淄博市素有“足球之乡”之称，是中国古代蹴鞠运动的发源地。)”可知，蹴鞠的发源地是山东省的淄博市。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Li Weipeng,34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing these skills for 18 years. (李伟鹏，34岁，淄博市临淄区人，蹴鞠第七代传承人。他已经练习这些技能 18 年了。)”可知，李伟鹏34岁，已经练习蹴鞠18年，因此他开始学习蹴鞠时是16岁。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中““At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠) a ball. It was tiring,” Li said. (“一开始，我每天花八个小时练习颠球。这很累，“李说。)”可知，李伟鹏刚开始练习颠球时感到很累。故选C项。 12．细节理解题。根据第五段中““Students show great interest in playing cuju, which encourages me to promote(推广)the ancient sport,” Li added. (“学生们对玩蹴鞠表现出极大的兴趣，这鼓励我推广这项古老的运动，”李补充说。)”可知，学生对蹴鞠的兴趣鼓励了李伟鹏去推广这项古老的运动。故选D项。 （四） （23-24高一上·湖南株洲·期中）Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer’s Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower. “It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.” The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889 and during the later repair work, some of the original iron was cut off and preserved over time. Now, some of those preserved metal fragments have found new homes. Each new Olympic medal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron—though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形),which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut. How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves,’ ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?” When the Eiffel Tower Operating Company agreed to volunteer pieces of original iron, “the dream became reality,” adds Roncin. The medals, designed by the luxury Paris jewelry house Chaumet, make people think of the Eiffel Tower in several other ways. The pieces of iron are secured by what looks like special nails that hold the structure together, and the medals’ ribbons are decorated with patterns of the tower’s latticework structure. The iron fragments are set in recycled silver, gold and bronze disks. Over 5,000 medals are being made. 13．What does Thierry mean by saying “bring back a piece of Paris”? A．Part of the athletes’ medal is from the symbol of Paris. B．The athletes will take many photos of Paris. C．The athletes will buy souvenirs about Paris. D．The Eiffel Tower will be left in the athletes’ memory. 14．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The processing technique of the Eiffel Tower iron pieces. B．The shape and material of the Olympic medal. C．The design of the Eiffel Tower iron fragment on the medal. D．The symbolic meaning of the hexagons. 15．How did the designers get the idea of adding the waste iron? A．The Eiffel Tower Operating Company put forward the idea. B．The Olympic committee approved of this design. C．Some volunteers considered it to be a good idea. D．They got the inspiration while having discussion. 16．What can we infer about the new Olympic medals? A．They take the shape of the Eiffel Tower. B．They are innovative and typical of French feature. C．They represent a combination of different cultures. D．They illustrate the idea of sustainable development. 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．D 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴黎奥运会奖牌的新颖设计、创意的来源以及其他的背景知识等。 13．词句猜测题。根据第二段““It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.””（巴黎2024年奥运会创意总监蒂埃里•雷布尔(Thierry Reboul)上周告诉记者：“对运动员来说，这是一个把巴黎的一部分带回来的机会。”“埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎和法国的绝对象征。”）可知，奖牌上有埃菲尔铁塔上面的碎铁，而埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标志性建筑，由此可知，蒂埃里说“带回一片巴黎”指的是运动员的奖牌上有一部分来自巴黎的象征。故选A项。 14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Each new Olympic medal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron—though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形),which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut.”（每一枚新的奥运奖牌上都有一块埃菲尔铁塔的铁——尽管标志性的“埃菲尔铁塔棕色”油漆已经被去掉了。这些碎片被塑造成六边形，这是“法国的形状”。此外，还有“巴黎2024”字样、奥运五环和奥运会徽，会徽看起来像一束火焰，或者是一个短发女人的脸。）可知，本段介绍了新的巴黎奥运奖牌上的埃菲尔铁塔碎片设计。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据第五段“How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves,’ ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?””（他们是怎么想到这个主意的？巴黎奥组委设计负责人约阿希姆·朗辛告诉媒体：“我们多次讨论设计方案，并意识到有一个世界闻名的标志，那就是埃菲尔铁塔。我们对自己说，“嘿，如果我们联系埃菲尔铁塔运营公司，看看是否有可能把埃菲尔铁塔的一部分融入到奖牌中呢？”）可推知，设计者们是在讨论在中得到将埃菲尔铁塔的一部分融入到奖牌中这个想法的。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据文章内容以及第一段“Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer's Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower.”（官方公布了将在今年夏季巴黎奥运会上颁发的金、银、铜牌，每一枚奖牌都有一个独特的纪念品：埃菲尔铁塔上的废铁碎片。）可知，法国把埃菲尔铁塔的碎片经过加工设计镶嵌到了奥运奖牌中，这是其他国家没有的，因此推断新的奥运奖牌是独特、新颖的。故选B项。 （五） （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期中）Unique Ways to Give The feel-good reward of giving is huge. Since 2021, the rate of giving has increased all over the world. Here are four creative ways people around the world are giving back. Rice Bucket Challenge The Rice Bucket Challenge (RBC) was started in India to fight hunger. You simply give a bucket of rice to a person or family, take a photo and post it on social media through the app RBC with a message encouraging others to do the same. Or people can offer money through the app for it. To date, the Rice Bucket Challenge has given away about 35,000 kilograms of rice .Donation Fence For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg's central train station. People without home can take those bags as needed .Little Free Libraries Some places of China host Little Free Libraries. All you need to do is build (or buy) a box and fill it with books you’ve finished reading. Anyone can take, leave or exchange a book from the box. The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result. Commu App How do people wanting to volunteer connect with groups needing help? In 2021 in Finland, three young men founded Commu, an app that makes it easy for people to offer help to those in need or to ask for help in their communities. It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian. 17．Who might Donation Fence want to help? A．The librarians. B．The volunteers. C．The hungry people. D．The homeless people. 18．What is the purpose of Little Free Libraries? A．To fight hunger. B．To connect neighbors. C．To exchange books. D．To encourage reading. 19．Which language does Commu App use? A．Indian. B．Norwegian. C．Chinese. D．German. 【答案】17．D 18．D 19．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了世界各地人们回馈社会的四种创造性方式。 17．细节理解题。根据Donation Fence部分“For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg’s central train station. People without home can take those bags as needed.(在过去的六年里，德国汉堡的Donation Fence鼓励当地居民在汉堡中央火车站附近的围栏上悬挂装有干净衣服、牙刷和睡袋的袋子。无家可归的人可以根据需要带上这些袋子)”可知，Donation Fence想要帮助那些无家可归的人，故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据Little Free Libraries部分中“The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result.(目标是提倡阅读，但当邻居们联系起来，社区建设是一个令人愉快的意想不到的结果。)”可知，Little Free Libraries的目标是鼓励阅读，故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据Commu App部分中“It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian.(它还支持英语、乌克兰语和挪威语)”可知，Commu App使用挪威语，故选B。 （六） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）Teenagers who talk on the cell phone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears, score worse on one type of memory test. That’s the finding of a new study. That memory impairment might be one side effect of the radiation (放射线) that phones use to keep us connected while we’re on the go. The teens took memory tests twice, one year apart. Nearly 700 Swiss teens took part in a test of figural memory. This type helps us remember abstract (抽象的) symbols and shapes, explains Milena Foerster. Each time, they had one minute to remember 13 pairs of abstract shapes. Then they were shown one item from each pair and asked to match it with one of the five choices. The study volunteers also took a test of verbal memory. That’s the ability to remember words. The two memory tests are part of an intelligence test. The researchers also surveyed the teens on how they use cell phones. And they got call records from phone companies. The researchers used those records to figure out how long the teens were using their phones. This allowed the researchers to work out how big radiation exposure (接触) each person could have got while talking. A phone user’s exposure to the radiation can differ widely. Some teens talk on their phones more than others. People also hold their phones differently. If the phone is close to the ear, more radiation may enter the body, Foerster notes. The teens’ scores in the figural memory tests were roughly the same from one year to the next. But those who normally held their phones near the right ears, and who were also exposed to higher levels of radiation, scored a little bit worse after a year. No group of teens showed big changes on the verbal memory test. Why might one type of memory be linked to cell phone use, but not another? Foerster thinks it could have to do with where different memory centers sit in the brain. The site that deals with the ability to remember shapes is near the right ear. 20．The underlined word “impairment” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean “_______ ”. A．result B．damage C．mistake D．improvement 21．Which of the following can be learned from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．The teens took two types of memory tests four times in total. B．The teens needed to report the average time spent on their phones. C．Researchers paid little attention to the teens’ habits of using phones. D．The teens’ ability of remembering words is shown in figural memory test. 22．According to the study, teens who use their phone s to their right ears a lot do worse in _____. A．matching numbers B．reading signals C．remembering shape D．learning words 23．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Cell Phone Use and Safety Warnings B．Facts About Cell Phone Use at School C．Dangerous Levels of Cell Phone Use Among Teens D．Teen’s Cell Phone Use Linked to Memory Problems 【答案】20．B 21．A 22．C 23．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，经常打电话、把手机举到右耳的青少年在一种记忆测试中得分更低，这种记忆损伤可能是手机辐射的副作用所导致。文章同时说明了研究的过程以及影响受到辐射程度的因素。 20．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Teenagers who talk on the cell phone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears, score worse on one type of memory test.(在一项记忆力测试中，经常打电话并把手机举到右耳前的青少年得分更低。)”可知，手机辐射会造成记忆的损伤。故可推测划线单词impairment的意思为“破坏，损坏”，和damage意思相近。故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The teens took memory tests twice, one year apart. Nearly 700 Swiss teens took part in a test of figural memory.(这些青少年进行了两次记忆测试，间隔一年。近700名瑞士青少年参加了一项数字记忆测试。)”和“The study volunteers also took a test of verbal memory.(参与研究的志愿者还进行了口头记忆测试。)”可知，这些青少年总共接受了四次两种类型的记忆测试。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The site that deals with the ability to remember shapes is near the right ear.(处理形状记忆能力的部位在右耳附近。)”可知，根据这项研究，使用手机对着右耳的青少年在记忆形状方面做得更差。故选C。 23．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“Teenagers who talk on the cell phone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears, score worse on one type of memory test.(在一项记忆力测试中，经常打电话并把手机举到右耳前的青少年得分更低。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，经常将手机举到右耳前打电话的青少年在图形记忆测试中的得分较低，这一现象可能与手机辐射对大脑右侧记忆中心的潜在影响有关，因此本文最好的题目是D选项“Teen’s Cell Phone Use Linked to Memory Problems(青少年使用手机与记忆问题有关)”。故选D。 （七） （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources. Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B⁺, compared to a B⁻ for those who did not. “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who'd done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test fear and performance. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don't normally get nervous in these tests.” But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 24．What do the students start worrying about before an exam? A．Whether they can pass the exam. B．What other students do during the test. C．Whether they have remembered the materials. D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper. 25．What is the solution developed by researchers? A．Making the students focused on the test. B．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test. C．Having the students write about their worries about the test. D．Asking the students to direct the attention away from the test. 26．According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test ________. A．became less nervous before the test B．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings C．were better at controlling their feelings D．did better than those who wrote about their feelings 27．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________. A．writing about our worries before an exam can work a bit B．we can only write about our worries right before an exam C．the best place to write about our worries is in the test room before an exam D．it doesn’t matter where and when we write about our worries before an exam 【答案】24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，在考试前写下自己对考试的担忧可以缓解考前焦虑，提高考试成绩。文章对此进行了介绍。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The students start worrying about the results.(学生们开始担心考试结果。)”可知，学生在考试之前会开始担心是否能通过考试。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.(贝洛克教授和另一位研究员赫拉尔多·拉米雷斯提出了一种可能的解决方案。考试前，高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧。)”可知，研究人员开发的解决方案是让学生写下他们对考试的担忧。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.(研究人员在一组20名焦虑的大学生身上测试了这个想法。他们给了他们两个简短的数学测试。在第一次测试之后，他们要求学生们要么安静地坐着，要么写下他们对即将到来的第二次测试的感受。)”和第四段前两句“Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%.(贝洛克教授说，那些安静地坐着的学生在第二次测试中的平均得分要低12%。但是那些写下自己恐惧的学生的成绩平均提高了5%。)”可知，根据贝洛克教授的说法，那些思考与测试无关的事情的人比那些写下自己感受的人表现得更差。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.(但是，如果学生没有机会在考试前立即写下他们的恐惧呢？贝洛克教授说，学生们可以在家里或图书馆自己尝试，仍然可以提高他们的成绩。)”可知，在考试前，我们在何时何地写下我们的担忧并不重要。故选D。 （八） （23-24高一上·河北保定·期中）Buying shampoo can be challenging — there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair, while others promise to strengthen and add volume. But are any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all? Since long before shampoo was invented — some say in India — our bodies have been producing sebum (皮脂) which keeps our skin from getting dry, manages the health of our head skin and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if left untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become oily. There are no disadvantages to letting our hair be oily, says Eleanore Richardson, Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic, but many people choose to wash their hair regularly for aesthetic (审美的) reasons. And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfacents (表面活性剂). They grab the dirt and oil from the surface of our hair, meaning when we wash down the shampoo, we also wash away the oil and. dirt. But, as Laura Waters, who’s a Professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis in the School of Applied Sciences at Huddersfield University; points out, “some surfacents work too well” and take the natural oils out of the hair, as well. More expensive shampoos may contain less harsh surfacents, but-adds Laura Waters — the type of shampoo doesn’t really matter. It’s on our hair very briefly and gets washed away.” It’s the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the feel of our hair. Of course, the more we put onto our hair, the more we need to wash it off, creating a unhealthy circle. So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn’t expect it to be a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you’re buying shampoo, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo can bring them back to life. 28．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The advantage of sebum. B．The source of sebum. C．The type of sebum. D．The function of sebum. 29．What do we know about according to Laura Waters? A．Expensive shampoos containing less harsh surfacents is better for our hair. B．Some surfacents of shampoos can remove the natural oils out of the hair. C．It is the surfacents of shampoos that make a bigger difference to the feel of our hair. D．It’s not necessary to wash our hair regularly for aesthetic reasons. 30．What is the author’s attitude towards expensive shampoo? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Positive. D．Indifferent. 31．What is the best title of the passage? A．Shampoo — A necessity or not. B．Shampoo — An expensive product C．Shampoo — A magical cure for our hair. D．Shampoo — A challenge to buy. 【答案】28．D 29．B 30．A 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是洗发水品牌会让人应接不暇，并且对此有各种说法，作者认为，下次购买洗发水的时候，要记住，头发是由死亡的蛋白质细胞组成的，即使是最昂贵的洗发水也无法让它们复活，这样你能做出更好的决定。 28．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Since long before shampoo was invented—some say in India—our bodies have been producing sebum (皮脂) which keeps our skin from getting dry, manages the health of our head skin and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if left untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become oily. (早在洗发水发明之前很久——有人说是印度——我们的身体就开始产生皮脂，它能防止我们的皮肤变干，管理头皮健康，使我们的头发有光泽。但它也会收集污垢，如果长时间不处理，皮脂会导致我们的头发变得油腻)可知，本段主要讲述了皮脂的功能。故选D项。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段“And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfacents (表面活性剂). They grab the dirt and oil from the surface of our hair, meaning when we wash down the shampoo, we also wash away the oil and dirt. But, as Laura Waters, who’s a Professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis in the School of Applied Sciences at Huddersfield University; points out, “some surfacents work too well” and take the natural oils out of the hair, as well.(于是我们伸手去拿洗发水。洗发水中含有一组称为表面活性剂的化学物质。它们从我们头发的表面抓取污垢和油脂，这意味着当我们冲洗洗发水时，我们也洗掉了油脂和污垢。但是，哈德斯菲尔德大学应用科学学院药物分析学教授Laura Waters指出，“有些表面活性剂效果太好”，也能把头发中的天然油脂带走)可知，根据Laura Waters的说法，洗发水中的某些表面活性剂会把头发中的天然油脂去除掉。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“More expensive shampoos may contain less harsh surfacents, but-adds Laura Waters-the type of shampoo doesn’t really matter. It’s on our hair very briefly and gets washed away. (更贵的洗发水可能含有刺激性较小的表面活性剂，但Laura Waters补充说，洗发水的类型并不重要。它在我们的头发上停留的时间非常短，然后就被冲走了)”以及最后一段“And, finally, next time you’re buying shampoo, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo can bring them back to life( 最后，下次你在洗发水货架时，请记住头发是由死去的蛋白质细胞组成的，遗憾的是，即使是最昂贵的洗发水也无法让它们起死回生)”可推知，作者对于昂贵的洗发水持不赞成的态度。故选A项。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Buying shampoo can be challenging—there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair, while others promise to strengthen and add volume. But are any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all?(购买洗发水可能是一项挑战——有如此多的品牌可供选择，价格范围巨大。一些品牌承诺修复和滋养我们的头发，而另一些品牌则承诺增强头发并增加蓬松度。但这些说法是真的吗？我们真的需要洗发水吗？)”以及最后一段“So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn’t expect it to be a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you’re in a shampoo aisle, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo can bring them back to life.(所以，是的，我们似乎确实需要洗发水，但我们也不应期望它是一种灵丹妙药。 最后，下次你在洗发水货架时，请记住头发是由死去的蛋白质细胞组成的，遗憾的是，即使是最昂贵的洗发水也无法让它们起死回生)”可知，本文主要探讨了洗发水是否是必需品这一问题。故选A项。 （九） （23-24高一上·河北邢台·期中）Children seem to care so much about their names. A study shows that most young people wish their parents had given them a different name. Some people choose to change their names when they grow up. Many people in show business don’t use the names their parents gave them. Have you ever listened to Joanne? No? The answer could be “yes” if we call her stage name instead! You may never heard of Margaret. But if we tell you her stage name, you might know her as a famous dancer. In many cultures, there are special ideas about how to choose a name. For example, many people choose a name that has been in their family for many years. It tells the child where he or she comes from. Choosing a good name isn’t easy. Many parents search books that tell them the meanings of names. They could choose a name that carries a message. For example, Edith means “valuable gift”. Amanda means “love”. And Fara means “joy”. Names like these tell family and friends how happy they are with their new baby. Other names can say something about the events during the birth of the child. In Africa, a first born son may have the name Mosi and the name Ama means “born on Saturday”. Is every boy called Curtis polite? And is every girl called Mahira quick and full of energy? No parents can tell what kind of person their child will grow up to be. Just because parents name a boy Fahim, it doesn’t mean he will be clever. All they can do is hope. 32．What can we know about the study? A．Young kids don’t care about their future. B．Most young people care about their names. C．Most girls want to change their names. D．Most parents want to rename by themselves. 33．Why is “Joanne” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To prove some people hope to be renamed. B．To introduce a famous dancer to readers. C．To introduce her true name. D．To tell the benefit of name. 34．Why is it difficult to choose a good name? A．Kids always want to rename. B．Parents want to choose a meaningful name. C．Parents aren’t sure if their kids will like the name. D．It is hard to change kids’ names. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．Names can never influence our lives B．Methods to choose a suitable name C．Love your parents, love your name D．Your parents’ wish is behind names 【答案】32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了孩子们对自己名字的在意以及名字的选择和含义。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Children seem to care so much about their names. A study shows that most young people wish their parents had given them a different name. (孩子们似乎很在意自己的名字。一项研究表明，大多数年轻人希望父母给他们起个不同的名字)”可知，大多数年轻人都很在意自己的名字。故选B项。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Some people choose to change their names when they grow up. Many people in show business don’t use the names their parents gave them. Have you ever listened to Joanne? No? The answer could be “yes” if we call her stage name instead! (有些人长大后选择改名。演艺圈的很多人都不用父母给他们起的名字。你听过Joanne的歌吗没有？如果我们叫她的艺名，答案可能是“是”)”可知，此处先提到有些人长大后选择改名的现象，然后提到Joanne这个名字，说明她用其他的名字作为艺名。由此可知，提到Joanne是为了证明有些人希望改名。故选A项。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Choosing a good name isn’t easy. Many parents search books that tell them the meanings of names. They could choose a name that carries a message. (选一个好名字并不容易。许多父母会找一些书来告诉他们名字的含义。他们可以选择一个承载信息的名字)”可知，很难选择一个好名字是因为父母想要选择一个有意义的名字。故选B项。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了孩子们对自己名字的在意以及名字的选择和含义。研究发现，许多年轻人希望父母给他们起不同的名字，有些人甚至长大后选择改名。在不同文化中，选择名字有其特殊的方式，而父母总是想为孩子选择一个有意义的名字，寄托他们的美好愿望。比较选项可知，D项“名字背后是你父母的愿望”更契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （十） （23-24高一上·四川·期中）Have you heard of depression (抑郁)? It’s a mental illness. People who have it may feel sad all the time or do something to hurt themselves. Now, doctors can put a “happy switch” in their heads to help them. Doctors at Shanghai Ruijing hospital helped a patient Wu Xiaotian. Wu, 31, has had depression since he was 15 years old. The doctor did an operation on Wu. They put two long lines of electrodes (电极) inside his brain. The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone. When feeling down, Wu turns on the switch and the electrodes start working. He is soon cheered up. “It feels like there is power rising from the inside of my body,” Wu said. The hospital has tested the switch on 26 patients since 2020. Up to now, it has helped cut down a patient’s sad feelings by 60%, said the hospital. But is the switch safe enough? Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it. Also, doctors have to make sure that patients don’t rely on it. Healthy people shouldn’t use it, or it may be like a kind of drug for them. 36．What really makes the “happy switch” work? A．The small “box”. B．Electrodes. C．Electricity. D．An App. 37．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why people have bad feelings. B．How the “happy switch” works. C．How doctors do operations on brains. D．Who will have the switch on their brains. 38．What do we know about the switch? A．The switch still needs improving. B．The switch is a kind of drug. C．All patients who used it became healthy. D．It can make all sadness go away. 39．What might the writer agree with? A．The new operation is safe for humans. B．Some people may use the switch to sell drugs. C．Different kinds of people should try the switch. D．People should also care about the bad points of the switch. 【答案】36．B 37．B 38．A 39．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抑郁症及其一种新型治疗方法——“快乐开关”。 36．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone.(这16个电极被用来在大脑的不同部位释放电流，这可以改变病人的感觉。吴可以通过手机上的应用程序控制“快乐开关”。)”可知，电极使“快乐开关”起作用。故选B。 37．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“They put two long lines of electrodes (电极) inside his brain. The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone. When feeling down, Wu turns on the switch and the electrodes start working. He is soon cheered up. “It feels like there is power rising from the inside of my body,” Wu said.(他们在他的大脑里放了两长串电极。这16个电极被用来在大脑的不同部位释放电流，这可以改变病人的感觉。吴可以通过手机上的应用程序控制“快乐开关”。情绪低落时，吴打开开关，电极开始工作。他很快就振作起来了。“感觉就像有一股力量从我的身体里升起，”吴说。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了“快乐开关”是如何工作的。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it.(虽然像吴这样的病人使用它感觉很好，但实际上这个手术很危险。医生们仍在努力改善它。)”可知，这种开关还需要改进。故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But is the switch safe enough? Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it. Also, doctors have to make sure that patients don’t rely on it. Healthy people shouldn’t use it, or it may be like a kind of drug for them.(但是这个开关足够安全吗?虽然像吴这样的病人使用它感觉很好，但实际上这个手术很危险。医生们仍在努力改善它。此外，医生必须确保病人不会依赖它。健康的人不应该使用它，否则它对他们来说可能就像一种药物。)”可推知，作者可能会同意人们也应该关心开关的缺点。故选D。 （十一） （23-24高一上·福建·期中）Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland. Edinburgh simply makes it with culture during its long holiday season. It is not just its famous festivals in the summer but its Christmas and Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world. Along with the tourists, Edinburgh has lots of students. They bring energy and variety to the culture of the city. Although this can be overwhelming (令人不知所措) at times, if you open your arms to the good that it brings you can get so much out of the city. The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport, we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park. We have a great collective team spirit which is very important. Whenever you go there from May to September, you will likely meet both sunshine and rain. But the wet weather can be dealt with by helping each other out, spending time in the many local cafes, catching up with your friends and having a good discussion about the rain! Without doubt my favourite place in Edinburgh is the Meadows Park. I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down. I really hope that this winter brings good snow so I can review my own childhood with my son! 40．What does Edinburgh attract visitors most? A．Its successful industry. B．Its famous festivals. C．Its rainy seasons. D．Its beautiful view. 41．Compared with driving cars, what’s the advantages of riding electric bikes for Cycling Gardeners? A．Speed. B．Comfort. C．Convenience. D．Expense. 42．What does the underlined phrase “catching up” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Getting up. B．Meeting up. C．Showing up. D．Picking up. 43．Why is the Meadows Park the author’s favorite place in Edinburgh? A．He has good memories there. B．He was born there. C．He played with his young son there. D．He met his wife there. 【答案】40．B 41．C 42．B 43．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。由于毗邻英格兰、成功的旅游业和多元文化的人口，爱丁堡是苏格兰一个相当特殊的城市。文章对其进行了详细介绍。 40．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It is not just its famous festivals in the summer but its Christmas and Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world.(这里不仅有夏季著名的节日，还有圣诞节和新年庆祝活动，这些活动吸引了来自世界各地的游客。)”可知，爱丁堡最吸引游客的是其著名的节日。故选B。 41．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park.(通过使用电动自行车，我们让自己的生活变得更轻松，而且我们经常在交通中击败汽车，找地方停车也没有问题。)”可知，与开车相比，骑电动自行车对自行车爱好者来说更方便。故选C。 42．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“and having a good discussion about the rain!(好好讨论了一下下雨的事)”和“spending time in the many local cafes(在当地的咖啡馆消磨时间)”可知，此处是指和朋友小聚，所以catch up意为“朋友小聚”。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down.(我出生在俯瞰它的医院里，在它周围的建筑里长大。我童年的大部分时光都是在那里度过的。我在那里遇到了我的妻子，我带着我年幼的儿子去那里玩。下雪的时候堆雪人是我最快乐的回忆。)”可知，因为在梅多斯公园有很多作者美好的回忆，所以那里是作者在爱丁堡最喜欢的地方。故选A。 （十二） （23-24高一上·甘肃庆阳·期中）Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while. Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍乱). However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going. Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive. 44．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2? A．Become. B．Pollute. C．Block. D．Develop. 45．How do floods help ecosystems? A．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer. B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily. C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals. D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow. 46．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems. C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods. 47．What’s the best title of this article? A．The Bad Effects of Flooding B．The Secret of Flooding C．Floods-A Disaster to Humans D．Floods — A Part of Nature 【答案】44．C 45．A 46．B 47．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。 44．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Too much dirt will”以及后文“rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing”可知，太多的污垢会堵塞河流和小溪，阻止河流流动。故划线词意思是“堵塞”。故选C。 45．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.(有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长)”可知，洪水携带的养分可以使土壤更肥沃，从而帮助生态系统。故选A。 46．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.(然而，并非所有关于洪水的事情都是不好的。有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长。洪水对一些动物也很重要。例如，一些动物把洪水看作是交配或迁徙的信号。洪水在河床上留下沉积物，幼鱼可以在河床上生长，并携带营养物质供水中的小动物食用。此外，在干旱季节，水可能会干涸，但洪水有助于补充湿地，保持生态系统的运转)”可知，第三段的主旨是洪水对生态系统的好处。故选B。 47．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它们会破坏生物和环境。但有些生态系统需要洪水才能生存)”结合文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。可知，D选项“洪水——自然的一部分”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （十三） （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）Welcome to our school. Now let's take a look at some interesting school publications (出版物). Columbus It is our literary magazine； the name shows the place where we live. Editorial training includes developing skills for critical evaluation of student creative writing. Published twice yearly, many student contributors are also recognized as Scholastic Writing Awards winners. Diversion It is our language publication. Published every year, it features student work presented in Mandarin, French, and Spanish: Working with advisors who teach these languages, student editors help in presenting their classmates’work including poems, essays, short stories, comic strips (连环画) and art. Diversion is often used by our language teachers in the classroom as well. The Bruner It is Trinity's yearbook. Serving the entire school, it is a yearly testament (证明) to the many aspects of Trinity life. Editorial positions are named in May, allowing editors to attend a two-day summer conference at NYU. This conference allows students to develop their capability to acquire knowledge before the start of the school year. Work on the yearbook begins immediately thereafter, as students work to create an impressive K-12 publication. The Trinity Times It is the upper school newspaper, written, edited, photographed and produced entirely by students as an after-school activity. Current sections of the paper include Arts and Innovation, Trinity Life,NY Culture, Science, Opinionand Editorial, and Sports. The editorial policy is generally determined by the editorial staff and their faculty advisor. 48．How often does Diversion come out? A．Once a month. B．Once a year. C．Twice a month. D．Twice a year. 49．What is the purpose of the summer conference at NYU? A．To make editorial policy. B．To present students’poems and essays. C．To train students’ ability to gain knowledge. D．To develop students’ skills for critical assessment. 50．Which publication are students responsible for? A．Columbus. B．Diversion. C．The Bruner. D．The Trinity Times. 【答案】48．B 49．C 50．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了学校的一些出版物，包括文学杂志Columbus、语言杂志Diversion、年鉴The Bruner和校报The Trinity Times。 48．细节理解题。根据“Diversion”部分中的“Published every year, it features student work presented in Mandarin, French, and Spanish: Working with advisors who teach these languages, student editors help in presenting their classmates’work including poems, essays, short stories, comic strips（连环画）and art. (它每年出版一期，收录了用中文、法语和西班牙语呈现的学生作品：在教授这些语言的导师的帮助下，学生编辑们协助展示同学们的作品，这些作品包括诗歌、散文、短篇小说、连环画和艺术作品)”可知，《Diversion》是每年出版一次的。故选B项。 49．细节理解题。根据“The Bruner”部分中的“This conference allows students to develop their capability to acquire knowledge before the start of the school year.(这个会议允许学生在学年开始前发展他们获取知识的能力。)”可知，NYU的夏季会议的目的是训练学生获取知识的能力。故选C项。 50．细节理解题。根据“The Trinity Times”部分中的“It is the upper school newspaper, written, edited, photographed and produced entirely by students as an after-school activity.(这是高中报纸，完全由学生作为课后活动来编写、编辑、摄影和制作。)”可知，《The Trinity Times》是由学生负责的出版物。故选D项。 （十四） （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission, with Yang Liwei becoming the first Chinese astronaut to go to space. Since then, another 19 astronauts have reached for the stars. The selection of the fourth generation of astronauts began in 2022 and is now in full swing. Experts revealed how tough the training is before astronauts can fly to space. The human body is not designed for space life. Astronauts are faced with multiple challenges on a space mission. The changes in gravity can have an impact on their bodies. The sensation of confinement(封闭)living in a small spacecraft for months can damage their mental health. Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program. To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, “Eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, were set,” Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical fitness training, it also includes basic scientific theories, psychological health, and mock(模拟)missions. Among the training subjects, the most tiring one is underwater training. This training is designed for astronauts to adapt to the microgravity environment in space. According to Huang, astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time. Water resistance(阻力)and the heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng, one of the astronauts, once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang. Each astronaut receives training for at least three and a half years before having the chance to go to space. 51．How many generations of Chinese astronauts have been sent to space? A．3 B．4 C．19 D．20 52．Which of following is true according to paragraph 2? A．Human body is perfect for space exploration. B．The spacecraft has enough space for astronauts to operate. C．Astronauts ought to complete missions under huge pressure. D．The isolated condition in space benefits people’s mental health. 53．Why did Huang mention Nie Haisheng’s two-kilogram weight loss? A．To stress how challenging the training is. B．To describe Nie’s personal achievements. C．To introduce the weight limit for astronauts. D．To explain the importance of proper training. 54．What does this passage mainly about? A．Microgravity environment cause health problems. B．Astronauts need tough training to meet various challenges. C．China has completed numerous missions in space exploration. D．Experts reveals the high standards of selection process of astronauts. 【答案】51．A 52．C 53．A 54．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宇航员在训练中要面临各种挑战和困难。 51．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The selection of the fourth generation of astronauts began in 2022 and is now in full swing. (第四代宇航员的选拔工作从2022年开始，目前正在全面展开。)”可知，第四代宇航员选拔开始于2022年并且现在还在进行中，所以到目前为止已经有三代的宇航员进入了太空。故选A。 52．细节理解题。 根据第二段的“Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. (任务期间的紧急情况挑战了他们在巨大压力下解决问题的知识和能力。)”可知，宇航员应该在巨大的压力下完成太空中的工作。故选C。 53．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Among the training subjects, the most tiring one is underwater training. (在训练科目中，最累人的是水下训练。)”和“Water resistance and the heavy suit make every move exhausting. (水的阻力和厚重的套装让每一步都筋疲力尽。)”可知，水下训练是最消耗体能的，所以下文举聂海胜的例子是为了进一步强调水下训练具有挑战性。故选A。 54．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段的“Experts revealed how tough the training is before astronauts can fly to space. (专家透露了宇航员在飞向太空之前的训练有多么艰苦。)”引出宇航员的训练艰辛，第二段的“The human body is not designed for space life. Astronauts are faced with multiple challenges on a space mission. The changes in gravity can have an impact on their bodies. The sensation of confinement living in a small spacecraft for months can damage their mental health. Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program.(人体不是为太空生活而设计的。宇航员在太空任务中面临着多重挑战。重力的变化会对他们的身体产生影响。在小型宇宙飞船中生活数月的禁闭感会损害他们的精神健康。任务期间的紧急情况挑战了他们在巨大压力下解决问题的知识和能力。因此，宇航员必须达到极高的标准，并经历严格的训练计划也就不足为奇了。)”及后续详细展开宇航员在训练中要面临的困难和挑战。由此可知，B选项“Astronauts need tough training to meet various challenges. (宇航员需要艰苦的训练来应对各种挑战)”能够概括文章主旨。故选B。 （十五） （23-24高一上·山西临汾·期中）If you’re someone who has been worrying about the rise of the robots—hold on there just a second, and let them help you impress your friends with some newfound skills in a foreign language. Using artificial intelligence (AI) to help us learn and improve those skills is not new—some of the online language tools we turn to every day are powered by AI. But as new technologies flood into the market, now is a great time to take advantage of the tech. And according to experts, these tools aren’t replacing teachers—they’re making their lives easier. One of the things that stops some of us from practicing speaking in a new language is a lack of self-confidence. AI can help—chatbots don’t judge you. Of course, teachers don’t either, but for some people, communicating with a bot may erase that fear of failure or shyness. The latest chatbots use something called natural language processing that allows them to understand human speech or writing, providing a human-like response right away. While chatbots are extremely useful for learners working individually, teachers can also offer course material and ask an AI system to produce personalized textbooks for groups of students. The AI can also provide feedback (反馈) in seconds—gone are the days of waiting a week for work to be graded. Past online language tools and games were able to tell you when you were wrong, but they weren’t always able to explain why. Now, not only has that changed, but the explanations are detailed and immediate. But this is not to underestimate the role of the teacher, who can use the technology to help learn more about the strengths and shortcomings of their students and personalize their teaching. So, if you want to impress your friends with your perfect speech, don’t be afraid of AI. Just think of it as a useful tool for both teachers and language learners, which will give you more time and space to enjoy learning something new! 55．What is the main idea of the article? A．The dangers of Al-robots. B．The history of online language tools. C．The benefits of AI in language learning. D．The role of teachers in the modern classroom. 56．Why might someone prefer communicating with a bot? A．Because bots grade work faster. B．Because bots provide textbooks. C．Because bots are more knowledgeable. D．Because bots may remove the fear of failure or shyness. 57．What is the benefit of AI producing personalized textbooks? A．It saves time for teachers. B．It reduces the cost of education. C．It meets individual students’ needs. D．It provides detailed lesson plans. 58．What word might replace the underlined word “shortcoming” in paragraph 4? A．weakness. B．awareness. C．witness. D．darkness. 【答案】55．C 56．D 57．C 58．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是人工智能在语言学习中带给人们的好处。 55．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Using articial itelligence (AI) to help us leam and improve those skills is not new—some of the online language tools we turn to every day are powered by AL.(使用人工智能(AI)来帮助我们学习和提高这些技能并不是什么新鲜事，我们每天使用的一些在线语言工具就是由人工智能驱动的。)”以及最后一段“So, if you want to impress your friends with your perfect speech, don’t be afraid of AI. Just think of it as a useful tool for both teachers and language learners, which will give you more time and space to enjoy learning something new!(所以，如果你想用你完美的演讲给你的朋友留下深刻印象，不要害怕AI。只要认为它是一个对老师和语言学习者都有用的工具，它会给你更多的时间和空间来享受学习一些新的东西！)”以及其他段落的内容可知，本文主要围绕着人工智能在语言学习中带给人们的好处来展开，因此C项The benefits of AI in language learning. (人工智能在语言学习中的好处。) 最能概括全文内容。故选C项。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One of the things that stops some of us from practicing speaking in a new language is a lack of self-confidence. Al can nelp—chatbots don’t judge you. Of course, teachers don’t either, but for some people, communicating with a bot may erase that fear of failure or shyness.(阻止我们中的一些人练习说一种新的语言的原因之一是缺乏自信。聊天机器人不会评判你。当然，老师也不知道，但对一些人来说，与机器人交流可能会消除对失败或害羞的恐惧。)”可知，有人更喜欢和机器人交流是因为机器人可以消除对失败的恐惧或害羞。故选D项。 57．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While chatbots are extremely useful for learners working individually, teachers can also offer course material and ask an AI system to produce personalized textbooks for groups of students. (虽然聊天机器人对于单独工作的学习者非常有用，但教师也可以提供课程材料，并要求智能系统为学生群体制作个性化的教科书。)” 可知，人工智能制作个性化教科书的好处是它可以满足学生的个性化需求。故选C项。 58．词句猜测题。根据划线词之前“But this is not to underestimate the role of the teacher, who can use the technology to help learn more about the strengths and(但这并不是要低估了教师的角色，他可以利用技术来帮助更多了解学生的优势和)”以及划线词之后“of their students and personalize their teaching.(并个性化他们的教学。)”可知老师能够对学生进行个性化教学是因为老师在技术的帮助下已经了解了学生的优点和短处，由并列连词and可知划线词与strengths(优点)构成并列关系，由此可推知划线词意思应为不足，与A项weakness(不足；弱点)意思相近。故选A项。 （十六） （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期中）Hang your tongue out of your mouth while your eyes look upwards. Breathe loudly and use your hands to pull your head in every way. This is yoga (瑜伽) for your face. Fumiko Takatsu, creator of the Face Yoga Method, has written six books on face yoga and has been practicing facial exercises for about 15 years. Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position. Around the same time, Takatsu said she began to notice signs of aging, but gave up using creams and beauty treatments after they became too expensive. Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu’s work. Hayashi said she had a chin implant (下巴植入体) when she was 27 years old, but took it out because it misshaped her face. “That’s why I’m so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术),” Hayashi said. Like others who practice facial exercises, Hayashi believes it can fix signs of aging and help reduce wrinkles (皱纹). The question that often pops up when someone mentions face yoga is, “Does it actually work?” A study out of Northwestern University found that the exercises may help middle-aged women. “This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of face exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging,” said Dr. Murad Alam from Northwestern University.” But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.” Medical reporter Dr. Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it. “If you feel better after trying face yoga, it may be something you should keep doing,” she said. 59．What made Takatsu decide to create the Face Yoga Method? A．An unexpected car accident. B．Great interest in doing yoga. C．Unaffordable beauty treatments. D．Unsatisfactory effects of creams. 60．What do we know about Hayashi? A．She wrote a book about face yoga. B．She followed in Takatsu’s footsteps. C．She had a plastic surgery two years ago. D．She had always admired natural beauty. 61．What can be inferred from Alam’s words? A．The study is helpful but more research is needed. B．Face yoga is more suitable for women than men. C．Face yoga needs much too exercise to bring benefits. D．The study is well-designed but the findings are worthless. 62．What does Ashton think of face yoga? A．Its key point is keeping exercising. B．It can stop all kinds of signs of aging. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．Its effectiveness depends on personal feelings. 【答案】59．A 60．B 61．A 62．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Koko Takatsu创立的面部瑜伽法及其影响。 59．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position.(50岁的Takatsu说，她35岁时发生了一场车祸，导致她的脸失去了正确的位置，之后她萌生了面部运动的想法)”可知，Takatsu在35岁的时候遭遇了一场车祸，这使她萌生了进行面部锻炼的想法，随后便创造了面部瑜伽方法。故选A。 60．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu’s work.(39岁的Koko Hayashi是洛杉矶的一名面部瑜伽教练，她说自己是在发现Takatsu的作品时第一次听说面部瑜伽的)”以及“‘That’s why I’m so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术),’ Hayashi said.(‘这就是为什么我对自然美如此感兴趣，而不是整形手术，’Hayashi说)”可知，Hayashi是一位面部瑜伽教练，在读到Takatsu的作品后了解到面部瑜伽，并开始崇尚自然美。由此可推知，Hayashi是效仿Takatsu开始练习和教授面部瑜伽的。故选B。 61．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“‘This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of face exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging,’ said Dr. Murad Alam from Northwestern University. ‘But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.’(西北大学的Murad Alam博士说：‘这是一项初步研究，表明面部运动可能有一些因素，至少对某些患者改善某些衰老迹象有帮助。但我们需要更多的研究来更好地了解到底需要多少运动才能产生任何益处，它是否适用于不同年龄的男性和女性，以及需要多少运动才能保持这种益处。’)”可知，Alam指出，尽管他们的研究表明面部锻炼可能对某些患者有帮助，但是仍需更多的研究来更好地了解面部瑜伽的益处，故选A。 62．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Medical reporter Dr. Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it.(医学记者Jennifer Ashton博士说，她不确定面部瑜伽是否有效，任何好处都很可能取决于尝试它的人)”可知，Ashton 认为，面部瑜伽是否有效最有可能取决于尝试者自己的个人感受。故选D。 （十七） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）In an ideal world, we would be able to devote as much time to sports as we feel we need. But in reality, with growing demands in both work and family, we can only jump at the chance for our physical exercise when we can. Making the most of that time to practice Yin Yang yoga, which mixes the dynamic and slow-paced elements of yoga, helps keep you active and relaxed. Yin and Yang are the Taoist concepts representing a balance of opposite forces which are also interconnected. Yin is inactive, cooling, and negative, associated with the female force. Yang is active, warming, and positive, associated with action and movement. They are complementary to one another, as one cannot exist without the other. Yin Yang yoga is a combination of high-energy movement which builds energy, increases strength and promotes stamina (耐力), followed by the more restful practice of Yin to give us a deeper stretch (拉伸) and calm the nervous system. If you have a busy and active life you may feel more in Yang, so taking some cooler, slower Yin yoga practice into your routine may help you feel calmer and more balanced. If you are practicing for an hour, divide the time in half, Warm up with sun salutations (拜日式瑜伽), continue into a dynamic flow and then move on to some standing postures. After half an hour your heart will be pumping, muscles tighten up and you are hopefully feeling energetic, but ready for a rest. Then pick five Yin postures to hold for 3-5 minutes, or even longer if you are enjoying them! As ever with yoga, if you are a beginner or have health issues, always attend a class with a trained instructor first to guide you safely through the yoga practice and avoid injury. 63．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Most of our sports time should be spent on Yin Yang yoga. B．We’d better devote as much time to physical exercise as we can. C．Busy schedule makes it impossible for us to do any form of sports. D．Yin Yang yoga can be a choice of physical exercise when time is tight. 64．What does the underlined word “complementary” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Independent from one another. B．Competitive against one another. C．Similar to each other but unable to work together as a whole. D．Different from each other but together making a good combination. 65．Which of the following might be the benefit of Yin postures? A．Relaxing muscles. B．Building stamina. C．Strengthening the body. D．Quickening the heartbeat. 66．What suggestion does the writer give in the last two paragraphs? A．Hold each Yin posture for longer than 5 minutes. B．Do not practice yoga when you are not in good health. C．Start your yoga practice under the guidance of a trainer. D．Spare half an hour for five Yin postures in every yoga practice. 【答案】63．D 64．D 65．A 66．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了阴阳瑜伽。阴阳瑜伽是一种高能运动的结合，它能增强能量，增强力量，提高耐力。 63．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in reality, with growing demands in both work and family, we can only jump at the chance for our physical exercise when we can. Making the most of that time to practice Yin Yang yoga, which mixes the dynamic and slow-paced elements of yoga, helps keep you active and relaxed.(但在现实中，随着工作和家庭的需求不断增长，我们只能在可以的时候抓住锻炼身体的机会。充分利用这段时间来练习阴阳瑜伽，它混合了瑜伽的动态和慢节奏元素，帮助你保持活跃和放松)”可知，当时间紧张时，阴阳瑜伽是一种体育锻炼的选择。故选D。 64．词句猜测题。根据划线处上句“Yin is inactive, cooling, and negative, associated with the female force. Yang is active, warming, and positive, associated with action and movement.(阴是不活跃的、冷却的、消极的，与女性的力量有关。阳是活跃的，温暖的，积极的，与行动和运动有关)”以及后句“as one cannot exist without the other. (因为一个人离不开另一个)”可知，阴阳彼此不同，但在一起形成了一个很好的组合，故选D。 65．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“followed by the more restful practice of Yin to give us a deeper stretch (拉伸) and calm the nervous system.(然后是更安静的阴练习，给我们更深的伸展和平静的神经系统)”以及文章第四段“If you have a busy and active life you may feel more in Yang, so taking some cooler, slower Yin yoga practice into your routine may help you feel calmer and more balanced.(如果你的生活繁忙而活跃，你可能会感到更多的阳气，所以在你的日常生活中进行一些凉爽、缓慢的阴瑜伽练习可能会帮助你感觉更平静、更平衡)”可知，阴的姿势可以放松肌肉。故选A。 66．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As ever with yoga, if you are a beginner or have health issues, always attend a class with a trained instructor first to guide you safely through the yoga practice and avoid injury.(和瑜伽一样，如果你是初学者或有健康问题，一定要先参加有训练有素的教练指导你安全地进行瑜伽练习，避免受伤)”可知，作者建议在教练的指导下开始你的瑜伽练习。故选C。 （十八） （23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期中）Those of us who shop online may scan customer reviews to get a better sense of products we can't judge for ourselves at a physical store. We may check out online testimonials before booking a haircut or visiting a new restaurant. But what happens if some of those reviews can't be trusted? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently announced that it was proposing new measures to crack down on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. The commission published a proposed rule that would prohibit companies from writing or selling fake reviews, buying positive reviews, suppressing negative reviews and more. “Our proposed rule on fake reviews shows that we're using all available means to attack deceptive advertising in the digital age,” Samuel Levine, director of the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection, said in a statement. Research shows people overwhelmingly consult online reviews, but humans are also bad at telling which consumer reviews hold water and which are nonsense. That's potentially worrisome given that nearly one in every three reviews is fake, according to one estimate.         In arguing for the proposal, the FTC cited enforcement actions it had taken against companies that manipulated reviews of their products. In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer Fashion Nova to pay $4.2 million to settle allegations (指控) that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its website — the first FTC action involving a company's effort to hide negative reviews. For its part, Fashion Nova said in a statement to The New York Times that the FTC's allegations were “inaccurate” and that it only settled the charges to avoid “the distraction and legal fees”. Comments on the proposed rule have to be received within 60 days of its publication in the Federal Register, after which the FTC will decide whether to issue a revised final version. 67．What is the main purpose of the FTC's proposed rule? A．To improve the quality of products and services. B．To protect the interests of physical stores. C．To ban negative reviews from online platforms. D．To ensure true reviews are presented to customers. 68．What does the underlined phrase “hold water” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Be credible. B．Be prejudiced. C．Be official. D．Be misleading. 69．Why was Fashion Nova forced to pay $ 4.2 million in a settlement in 2022? A．To delete negative reviews of its products. B．To post customer reviews on its website. C．To resolve allegations of deceptive advertising. D．To prevent it from facing further criticism and legal fees. 70．What can be inferred about the proposed rule? A．It is well-received. B．It is still under review. C．It has proven to be effective. D．It has encountered opposition. 【答案】67．D 68．A 69．C 70．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国联邦贸易委员会发布了一项建议规则，禁止公司撰写或销售虚假评论，购买正面评论，压制负面评论，并打击虚假评论和其它误导消费者的行为。 67．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently announced that it was proposing new measures to crack down on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. (美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)最近宣布，将提出新措施，打击虚假评论和其他误导消费者的做法)”可知，联邦贸易委员会拟议规则的主要目的是确保向客户提供真实的评论。故选D项。 68．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Research shows people overwhelmingly consult online reviews, but humans are also bad at telling (研究表明，绝大多数人会查阅网上评论，但人类也不善于分辨)”以及“which are nonsense (哪些是胡说八道)”可知，此处为人类也不善于分辨哪些消费者评论站得住脚，哪些是胡说八道。由此猜测，划线短语hold water为“站得住脚，可信的”意思，与A项Be credible (是可信的)意思一致。故选A项。 69．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer Fashion Nova to pay $4.2 million to settle allegations (指控) that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its website — the first FTC action involving a company's effort to hide negative reviews. (例如，在2022年，委员会迫使在线零售商Fashion Nova支付420万美元。该公司被指控阻止负面评论在其网站上发布——这是FTC首次针对一家公司隐瞒负面评论的行为采取行动)”可知，Fashion Nova在2022年被迫支付420万美元的和解金是为了解决关于欺骗性广告的指控。故选C项。 70．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Comments on the proposed rule have to be received within 60 days of its publication in the Federal Register, after which the FTC will decide whether to issue a revised final version. (对拟议规则的评论必须在《联邦公报》(Federal Register)公布后60天内收到，之后FTC将决定是否发布修订后的最终版本)”可推知，关于拟议的规则仍在审查中。故选B项。 （十九） （23-24高一上·广西贺州·期中）Gorillas (大猩猩) in films such as King Kong and Tarzan are wildly beating their chests when under threat. Researchers have tried to find out what the behavior might mean, and they doubt that the gorillas exhibit this behavior not to start fights, but to prevent themselves — and chest-beating could be used to advertise their body size to other gorillas. Scientists observed 25 wild male mountain gorillas for over 3,000 hours. The research team used audio (音频) equipment to record the sound frequency, rate, duration, and amount of chest beats. To determine each gorilla’s size, the researchers used cameras to photograph and measure each gorilla’s back. Although the rate, duration, and amount of beats did not correlate with the size of the gorillas, sound frequency did , the researchers report. The team also noticed that larger gorillas produced deeper-tone chest drumming. Previous research has shown that a gorilla’s larger body size is linked to reproductive success and social rank. The chest-beating could be a way for the gorillas to advertise their size to others and, in turn, avoid fights that could result in serious injury or death. Though gorillas can obviously observe size just by getting a good look at others, the researchers suggest chest beating is copper-bottomed when trying to communicate through a thick forest. The sounds gorillas created by beating their chests are powerful enough to travel long distance through thick forests and signal others their size and fighting ability. Animal expert Anna Nekaris says it would be interesting to see if smaller gorillas can imitate the deep tones of larger ones in future studies. Nekaris says, “For now, the researchers will continue to study chest-beating to see if the action can pass on other information, such as dominance rank, sex, and individual identity, to nearby gorillas.” 71．What is the second paragraph mainly about according to the research? A．Its findings. B．Its purpose. C．Its samples. D．Its method. 72．Why do some gorillas beat their chests? A．To declare war on other gorillas. B．To frighten other gorillas away. C．To welcome their companions. D．To celebrate their victory in a fight. 73．What does Nekaris suggest researchers’ study in the future? A．If smaller gorillas can make deep-toned chest drumming. B．If gorillas’ chest-beating contains other information. C．If larger gorillas are better at using their body influence. D．If gorillas have other communication skills. 74．Which section may the passage come from in a newspaper? A．Health. B．Entertainment. C．Science. D．Sports. 【答案】71．D 72．B 73．A 74．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对大猩猩拍打胸部的行为进行了观察和研究，认为大猩猩表现出这种行为不是为了打架，而是为了展示自己的体型，从而避免打斗。 71．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists observed 25 wild male mountain gorillas for over 3,000 hours. The research team used audio (音频) equipment to record the sound frequency, rate, duration, and amount of chest beats. To determine each gorilla’s size, the researchers used cameras to photograph and measure each gorilla’s back.(科学家对25只野生雄性山地大猩猩进行了3000多个小时的观察。研究小组使用音频设备记录下声音的频率、频率、持续时间和胸部跳动的次数。为了确定每只大猩猩的大小，研究人员用相机拍摄并测量了每只大猩猩的背部)”可知，第二段主要介绍了科学家们开展该研究的具体方法。故选D。 72．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The chest-beating could be a way for the gorillas to advertise their size to others and, in turn, avoid fights that could result in serious injury or death.(拍打胸部可能是大猩猩向其他动物展示自己体型的一种方式，从而避免可能导致严重伤害或死亡的打斗)”可知，一些大猩猩拍打胸部是为了展示自己的体型，把其他大猩猩吓跑，避免打斗。故选B。 73．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Animal expert Anna Nekaris says it would be interesting to see if smaller gorillas can imitate the deep tones of larger ones in future studies.(动物专家Anna Nekaris说，在未来的研究中，看看小型大猩猩是否能模仿大型大猩猩的低沉音调，这将是一件有趣的事情)”可知，Nekaris建议研究人员在未来研究小一点的大猩猩是否能发出低沉的拍打胸部的声音。故选A。 74．推理判断题。根据第一段“Gorillas (大猩猩) in films such as King Kong and Tarzan are wildly beating their chests when under threat. Researchers have tried to find out what the behavior might mean, and they doubt that the gorillas exhibit this behavior not to start fights, but to prevent themselves — and chest-beating could be used to advertise their body size to other gorillas.(电影《金刚》和《人猿泰山》中的大猩猩在受到威胁时会疯狂地捶打自己的胸膛。研究人员试图找出这种行为可能意味着什么，他们怀疑大猩猩表现出这种行为不是为了打架，而是为了保护自己——而且捶胸可以用来向其他大猩猩宣传自己的体型)”结合文章围绕一项针对大猩猩拍打胸部的行为的研究展开，介绍了通过长时间的观察和研究，研究人员认为大猩猩表现出这种行为不是为了打架，而是为了展示自己的体型，从而避免打斗。因此，文章主要涉及动物科学领域，可能出自报纸的科学栏目。故选C。 （二十） （23-24高一上·广东惠州·期中）There are thousands of languages in the world. But which language is the oldest? Experts use different methods to find out the age of a language. Finding the oldest language is a challenging task, according to Danny Hieber, an expert in the study of endangered languages. “If we think that most languages can date back to an original human language, all languages are equally old,” Hieber said. However, it’s impossible to find out such language —the direct ancestor of every language in the world. Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record. Many of the earliest recorded examples of writing come from languages that used cuneiform script (楔形文字). Among these languages are Sumerian and Akkadian, both dating back at least 4,600 years. Experts have also found Egyptian hieroglyphs that date to around the same historical period. These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered. Experts generally agree that Sumerian, Akkadian and Egyptian are the oldest languages with a clear written record. All three are extinct, meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation. As for the oldest language that is still spoken, several competitors appear. Hebrew and Arabic stand out among such languages for having timelines that experts can reasonably find, according to Hieber. Although these earliest written languages only date back around 3,000 years, Hieber said, “both of them belong to the Afroasiatic language family, whose roots date back to 18, 000 to 8,000 B．C． E. , or about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Even with this wide period of time, it is widely accepted that Afroasiatic is the oldest language family. But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts. 75．How do experts determine the age of a language? A．By studying its spoken dialects. B．By analyzing its basic grammar. C．By examining its written records. D．By comparing it to other languages. 76．What is the value of the Egyptian hieroglyphs? A．They’re an example of cuneiform script. B．They belong to the Afroasiatic language. C．They provide evidence of the oldest language. D．They’re the earliest-known complete sentences. 77．What does the underlined word “extinct” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Gone B．Ancient. C．Outdated. D．Active. 78．What is the main disagreement among experts regarding Hebrew and Arabic? A．The reason for their standing out. B．The exact time of their separation. C．The appearance of their competitors. D．The roots of earliest written languages. 【答案】75．C 76．D 77．A 78．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家是如何确定语言的年龄的以及一些已经灭绝了的古老语言。 75．细节理解题。根据第二段“Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record.(因此，一些专家认为，“最古老的语言”应该属于具有完善书面记录的语言)”可知，专家通过审查书面记录来确定一种语言的年龄。故选C。 76．细节理解题。根据第三段“These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered.(这些象形文字可以翻译成“他为他的儿子——双王佩里布森统一了两块土地”，被认为是迄今为止发现的最早的完整句子)”可知，埃及象形文字的价值在于是已知最早的完整句子。故选D。 77．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation”可知，这三种语言不再被使用，也没有任何活着的追随者可以把这种语言传给下一代，即这三种语言都消失了。故划线词意思是“消失了的”。故选A。 78．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts.(但是，希伯来语和阿拉伯语从其他亚非语言中分离出来的确切时间点在专家之间存在激烈的争论)”可知，专家们对希伯来语和阿拉伯语的主要分歧是它们分离出来的确切时间。故选B。 （二十一） （23-24高一上·安徽宿州·期中）Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer, the US preventive Services Task Force said in the new guidelines released Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association on June 21. Following the release of the previous guidelines in 2014, the Task Force reviewed 84 studies testing vitamins in almost 700,000 people, including 52 new studies. However, the conclusion is still the same as that of 2014: If you are a healthy adult who is not pregnant, there is not enough evidence of benefits to expand one’s life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium tablets, carotene (胡萝卜素), vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other supplements. The Task Force does not recommend taking carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular (心血管) disease or cancer, with enough evidence that it “may increase the risk of death, the death rate of cardiovascular disease and the risk of lung cancer”. Nor should people take vitamin E, “because vitamin E is not likely to be beneficial in reducing death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk,” the Task Force said. “Lifestyle recommendations for preventing chronic diseases (慢性病) should continue to focus on evidence-based methods, including balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables and physical activity,” Dr. Jeffrey Linder, Director of General Internal Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University in Chicago, wrote in an additional commentary. Take the Mediterranean diet for example. Eating the Mediterranean way, which focuses on a plant-based diet, physical activity and social engagement, can reduce the risk for high cholesterol, dementia (痴呆), memory loss, depression and breast cancer. And numerous studies found meals from the sunny Mediterranean region have also been linked to weight loss, stronger bones, a healthier heart and longer life. Another evidence-based approach is the DASH diet, which stands for “dietary approaches to stop hypertension (高血压)”. Many studies have shown that this diet successfully reduces hypertension. Both the Mediterranean and DASH diets avoid processed foods and focus on fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds. “Rather than focusing money, time, and attention on supplements, it would be better to emphasize lower-risk, higher-benefit activities...following a healthy diet, getting exercise, maintaining a health y weight, and avoiding smoking,” Linder and his colleagues wrote. However, certain groups of people do need to take specific vitamins. Some seniors may need vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplements because they absorb fewer vitamins from food as they age. Because the elderly often have less sun exposure than younger people, they may need vitamin D supplements, but the dosage must be checked by the doctor, as too much vitamin D intake can be harmful. 79．What can we learn from the Task Force? A．Vitamins must be useful to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer. B．Doctors want to control cardiovascular disease. C．It’s necessary for all people to take vitamins. D．In some regard, taking vitamins is not beneficial. 80．How many kinds of diets are mentioned to reduce death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk? A．One B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 81．According to the passage, who can take vitamins regularly? A．A 40-year-old healthy worker. B．A 15-year old healthy boy. C．A 34-year-old healthy lady. D．A 69-year-old healthy man. 82．What’s the main idea for the text? A．The history of vitamins. B．The functions of vitamins. C．Taking vitamins to prevent diseases may fail. D．People’s attitudes towards vitamins. 【答案】79．D 80．B 81．D 82．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究表明，普通人服用维生素、矿物质和复合维生素补充剂并不能降低患病风险，也不能帮助延长寿命，建议应该关注有据可循的方法。 79．推理判断题。根据第一段“Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer, the US preventive Services Task Force said in the new guidelines released Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association on June 21.(美国预防服务工作组在6月21日发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的新指南中表示，维生素、矿物质和多种维生素补充剂不能保护你免受癌症、心脏病的侵害，也不能延长你的寿命)”和第三段中的“If you are a healthy adult who is not pregnant, there is not enough evidence of benefits to expand one’s life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium tablets, carotene(胡萝卜素), vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other supplements. The Task Force does not recommend taking carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular(心血管) disease or cancer, with enough evidence that it “may increase the risk of death, the death rate of cardiovascular disease and the risk of lung cancer”. Nor should people take vitamin E, “because vitamin E is not likely to be beneficial in reducing death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk,” the Task Force said.(如果你是一个健康且没有怀孕的成年人，那么没有足够的证据表明服用维生素E、维生素D、维生素A、钙片、胡萝卜素、维生素B3、维生素B6、维生素C和其他补充剂有助于延长寿命。工作组不建议服用胡萝卜素补充剂来预防心血管疾病或癌症，有足够的证据表明它“可能会增加死亡风险、心血管疾病死亡率和癌症风险”。工作组表示，人们也不应该服用维生素E，“因为维生素E不太可能有助于降低死亡、心血管疾病或癌症风险”。)”可推知，从某些方面来说，服用维生素并没有好处。故选D。 80．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Lifestyle recommendations for preventing chronic diseases(慢性病) should continue to focus on evidence-based methods, including balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables and physical activity(预防慢性病的生活方式建议应继续关注有据可循方法，包括富含水果和蔬菜的均衡膳食以及体育活动)”、第五段中的“Take the Mediterranean diet for example.(以地中海饮食为例。)”和第六段中的“Another evidence-based approach is the DASH diet, which stands for “dietary approaches to stop hypertension(高血压)”.(另一种循证方法是DASH饮食，它代表“阻止高血压的饮食方法”。)”可知，文中提到地中海饮食和DASH饮食两种有助于预防慢性病、减少死亡的饮食。故选B。 81．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Some seniors may need vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplements because they absorb fewer vitamins from food as they age. Because the elderly often have less sun exposure than younger people, they may need vitamin D supplements, but the dosage must be checked by the doctor, as too much vitamin D intake can be harmful.(一些老年人可能需要补充维生素B12和维生素B6，因为随着年龄的增长，他们从食物中吸收的维生素会减少。因为老年人经常比年轻人少晒太阳，他们可能需要补充维生素D，但剂量必须由医生检查，因为摄入过多的维生素D可能有害。)”可知，一些老年人需要补充维生素。故选D。 82．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer(维生素、矿物质和多种维生素补充剂不会保护你免受癌症、心脏病的侵袭，也不会帮助你活得更长)”引出主题，即维生素、矿物质和多种维生素补充剂不会帮助预防疾病和延长寿命，由此可推测出，C项“服用维生素来预防疾病可能无效”符合题意。故选C。 （二十二） （22-23高一上·江苏南京·期中）In some places, people collect honey from wild bees. This is common in many parts of the world, especially South Asia. Honey hunting is a local tradition in southern India but it is not an undemanding job. The bees in southern India can grow up to the size of the smallest adult human finger. And these giant honeybees build their hives (蜂窝) on the sides of mountains! It takes many years for a honey hunter to learn to collect honey from these hives. From a young age the honey hunter learns everything about bees. He practices climbing hundreds of meters above the ground. Before the honey season, the honey hunter prepares for many days. When the day of the honey hunt season arrives, the honey hunter goes to the edge of the mountain early in the morning. He climbs down with a rope and lights some dry branches on fire. The smoke makes the bees leave the hive. With the bees flying around the honey hunter, he uses a long sharp stick to gently get pieces of the wax (蜜蜡) filled with honey. He then takes them back to the village in a box made of bamboo. Usually the hunter takes some honey and leaves some of the hive on the mountainside. He does not take the part of the hive with the baby bees in it since he does not want to destroy the home of the bees. When the honey hunter returns, the village celebrates! “They have been hunting honey in this way for more than 2,000 years. Honey was and still is an important part of their diet, cooking and medicine,” Simone Gie from the organization Slow Food International, said. 83．According to the passage, honey hunting ________. A．has a short history B．needs careful preparation C．makes some villages rich D．is often done by a young man 84．Which of the following is NOT needed during honey hunting? A．Bamboo. B．Branches. C．A rope. D．A stick. 85．What is paragraph 3 is mainly about? A．How to protect baby bees. B．The importance of honey. C．The new use for honey. D．How honey is hunted. 86．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Honey hunters B．The honey season C．Bees in South India D．Honey hunting celebrations 【答案】83．B 84．A 85．D 86．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度南部地区的一种传统工作——猎蜜，并介绍了猎蜜人采蜜的方式。 83．细节理解题。根据第二段“It takes many years for a honey hunter to learn to collect honey from these hives. From a young age the honey hunter learns everything about bees. He practices climbing hundreds of meters above the ground. Before the honey season, the honey hunter prepares for many days. (猎蜜人要花很多年的时间才能学会从这些蜂箱中采集蜂蜜。猎蜜人从小就学习有关蜜蜂的一切。他练习攀登离地数百米的高空。在蜂蜜季节到来之前，猎蜜人要准备好几天)”可知，采蜜前需要做大量细心的准备工作。故选B。 84．细节理解题。根据第三段“He climbs down with a rope and lights some dry branches on fire. The smoke makes the bees leave the hive. With the bees flying around the honey hunter, he uses a long sharp stick to gently get pieces of the wax (蜜蜡) filled with honey. He then takes them back to the village in a box made of bamboo. (他用一根绳子爬下来，点燃一些干树枝。烟雾使蜜蜂离开蜂巢。蜜蜂在猎蜜人周围飞舞，他用一根长而尖的棍子轻轻地取出装满蜂蜜的蜂蜡。然后他把它们装在一个竹制的盒子里带回村里)”可知，猎蜜人采蜜过程中需要用到绳子、树枝和长棍，并不需要竹子，竹制的盒子是用来保存蜂蜜的。故选A。 85．主旨大意题。根据第三段“When the day of the honey hunt season arrives, the honey hunter goes to the edge of the mountain early in the morning. He climbs down with a rope and lights some dry branches on fire. The smoke makes the bees leave the hive. With the bees flying around the honey hunter, he uses a long sharp stick to gently get pieces of the wax (蜜蜡) filled with honey. He then takes them back to the village in a box made of bamboo. (当采蜜季节的一天到来时，猎蜜人一大早就来到山的边缘。他用一根绳子爬下来，点燃一些干树枝。烟雾使蜜蜂离开蜂巢。蜜蜂在猎蜜人周围飞舞，他用一根长而尖的棍子轻轻地取出装满蜂蜜的蜂蜡。然后他把它们装在一个竹制的盒子里带回村里)”可知，本段主要介绍了猎蜜人采蜜的过程。故选D。 86．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In some places, people collect honey from wild bees.(在一些地方，人们从野生蜜蜂那里采集蜂蜜)”、第二段“It takes many years for a honey hunter to learn to collect honey from these hives.(猎蜜人需要很多年才能学会从这些蜂箱中采集蜂蜜)”、第三段“He climbs down with a rope and lights some dry branches on fire. The smoke makes the bees leave the hive. With the bees flying around the honey hunter, he uses a long sharp stick to gently get pieces of the wax (蜜蜡) filled with honey. He then takes them back to the village in a box made of bamboo. (他用一根绳子爬下来，点燃一些干树枝。烟雾使蜜蜂离开蜂巢。蜜蜂在猎蜜人周围飞舞，他用一根长而尖的棍子轻轻地取出装满蜂蜜的蜂蜡。然后他把它们装在一个竹制的盒子里带回村里)”以及最后一段“They have been hunting honey in this way for more than 2, 000 years.(2000多年来，他们一直以这种方式采蜜)”可知，本文主要介绍了猎蜜人是如何完成准备工作以及如何采蜜的，所以“猎蜜人”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 （二十三） （23-24高一上·广东茂名·期中）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 87．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 88．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 89．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 90．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 【答案】87．D 88．C 89．A 90．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 87．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.(最近的一项新研究发现，平均来说，和一个人在一起大约50个小时后，你就会把他们当作普通朋友，大约90个小时后，你就会成为真正的朋友，大约200个小时后，你就会成为亲密的朋友。)”可知，研究发现与一个人在一起大约50小时会成为普通朋友，相处大约90个小时会成为真正的朋友，而相处大约200个小时后，就会成为亲密朋友。结合第二段中的“He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.(他要求他们评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和时间。)”可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。 88．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.(该研究的作者、传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔（Jeffrey Hall）邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验——一个是过去六个月刚搬到一个新城市的人，另一个是大学新生。)”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故选C项。 89．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，在一起聊天的时间或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合划线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people(花很多时间和别人在一起真的很容易)”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，划线单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系。由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。 90．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.(在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者，比如被邀请在他们家里吃午饭，更有可能与他们建立更深的关系。)”可知，在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请同事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。 （二十四） （23-24高一上·河南商丘·期中）A phrase “less screen time and more green time” is popular now. A study from the University of Adelaide found that more time outside and less time spent watching TV is connected with better psychological (心理的) results and school achievements among teenagers. Gardening is a great way to do so. Jim Carter, a psychologist of America, is asking for teenagers’ return to traditional values of gardening, and thinks that they need to turn off the TV and go outside to do something healthier instead. Carter even considers it important to put gardening as a usual course because it is proven to be good for mental health. “It’s physical exercise, and it teaches patience,” Carter explains. “The wait for a small sunflower seed (葵花籽) to become a six-foot plant is long.” “I’m hearing that teenagers are struggling to deal with stress, and every time they open Gardeners’ World, they talk about how gardening helps them deal with stress. They learn so much about life, and so much about themselves through gardening,” said Lee Connelly, a teacher who is carrying out his own green school programme—Gardeners’ World. “The join of gardening into the class course for schools presents a remarkable chance to change education and the benefits are far beyond the classroom, influencing mental health, behavior and developing a lifelong love for horticulture (园艺).” 91．What does Carter suggest teenagers do? A．Do exercise at home. B．Go back to gardening. C．Turn on the TV at night. D．Pay attention to psychological courses. 92．Why does Carter mention the sunflower seed? A．To prove gardening is easy. B．To say dealing with stress is difficult. C．To show green time is hard to find. D．To explain gardening develops patience. 93．What can we say about Lee Connelly’s green school programme? A．It is meaningful. B．It is useless. C．It is costly. D．It is challenging. 94．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Time to Get Close to TV B．Being Sporty, Being Healthy C．Less Screen Time, Better School Achievements D．Gardening: A Good Green Moment for Teenagers 【答案】91．B 92．D 93．A 94．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要通过介绍园艺活动所带来的好处说明其是进行绿色活动的最佳选择。 91．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Jim Carter, a psychologist of America, is asking for teenagers’ return to traditional values of gardening…(美国心理学家吉姆·卡特(Jim Carter)呼吁青少年回归园艺的传统价值观……)”可知，Carter建议青少年参与园艺活动。故选B。 92．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““It’s physical exercise, and it teaches patience,” Carter explains. “The wait for a small sunflower seed (葵花籽) to become a six-foot plant is long.”(“这是一种体育锻炼，它教会我们耐心，”卡特解释说。“一颗小小的葵花籽长成六英尺高的植物需要漫长的等待。”)”可知，Carter提到葵花籽是为了说明园艺活动能培养人的耐心。故选D。 93．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They learn so much about life, and so much about themselves through gardening,” said Lee Connelly, a teacher who is carrying out his own green school programme—Gardeners’ World. “The join of gardening into the class course for schools presents a remarkable chance to change education and the benefits are far beyond the classroom…(他们通过园艺学到了很多关于生活的东西，也学到了很多关于自己的东西，”李·康纳利说，他是一名教师，正在开展自己的绿色学校项目——园丁的世界。“将园艺纳入学校的课堂课程为改变教育提供了一个非凡的机会，其好处远远超出了课堂……)”可推断，Lee Connelly的绿色学校项目是有意义的。故选A。 94．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A phrase “less screen time and more green time” is popular now. A study from the University of Adelaide found that more time outside and less time spent watching TV is connected with better psychological (心理的) results and school achievements among teenagers. Gardening is a great way to do so.(“少屏幕时间，多绿色时间”这句话现在很流行。阿德莱德大学的一项研究发现，青少年多出门，少看电视，心理成绩和学业成绩都更好。园艺是一个很好的方法。)”可知，本文主要通过介绍园艺活动所带来的好处说明其是进行绿色活动的最佳选择。由此可知，D项：Gardening: A Good Green Moment for Teenagers(园艺：青少年的美好绿色时刻)是最合适的标题。故选D。 （二十五） （23-24高一上·北京昌平·期中）Whenever anyone asks me what tech I’d like to see invented, I always say the universal translator, which lets you understand and speak any language. Meta AI recently announced the start of the universal speech translator (UST) project, which aims to create AI systems that enable real-time speech-to-speech translation across all languages, even those that are spoken but not commonly written. Meta says that today’s AI translation models are focused on widely-used written languages, and that more than 40% of primarily spoken languages are not covered by such translation technologies. According to Meta, the model is the first AI-powered speech translation system for the unwritten language Hokkien (闽南语), a Chinese language spoken in southeastern China. The system allows Hokkien speakers to hold conversations with English$$