专题03 阅读理解之议论文（期中真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期中）Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 1．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 2．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 3．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 4．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. （二） （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期中）Movie stars might think their lives are private after leaving the acting location, but they ought to know that they have much power over their audience. The power gives them an ability to change people, events, even history, making them to have the responsibility of being good role models. With time going on, movie stars become celebrities (名人) and in the process get a large number of fans. Some of them follow their deeds, dress, and act like them. In reality, they want to be like their favorite movie stars. If a movie star engages in acts that the society does not approve, those who look up to them, especially the teens, will do the same. Movie stars should be responsible for what they do and say as following the actions is now simpler because of social media. It is important to behave like a role model even when they think no one is watching. Nobody is perfect, and movie stars also have had their down moments. They may not have been good role models at the time, but they can change the narrative by doing the right things. They can also turn the past shortcomings into positives by opening up about problems and how they overcame the challenges. And their audience can learn to discuss their problems and seek help. People starring in movies are the target of companies to promote their products or services for a fee. Their celebrity status is a reason enough to think beyond the payment. A movie star should not recommend something that will influence the way teens live negatively. It would be wrong to promote something like sweetened drinks or foods without health benefits. Movie stars face problems like other people, but because of their influence, they have a responsibility to be role models in the public eye. 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Fans often follow their stars’ dress and hobbies. B．Celebrities’ actions spread fast on social media. C．Movie stars should be responsible for their fans. D．Movie stars’ acts have a great impact on their fans. 6．How should movie stars deal with their down moments? A．Lie to fans by making up a story. B．Do the right things to overcome the problems. C．Cover their problems with good movies. D．Post their problems online to seek help. 7．Which is the author’s advice to celebrities? A．Don’t tell problems to the public. B．Don’t play roles that have a negative impact on teens. C．Don’t ask for payment when promoting products. D．Don’t recommend unhealthy drinks or foods. 8．What is the author’s purpose of writing this article? A．To tell movie stars how to help people in need. B．To stress movie stars’ impact on teens. C．To call on movie stars to be good role models. D．To advise movie stars to open up about their problems. （三） （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期中）Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improves flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 9．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 10．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 11．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 12．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. （四） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期中）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 13．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 14．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 15．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces enviromental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 16．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. （五） （23-24高一上·北京顺义·期中）Is your teen time really that different from that of your parents or grandparents? Weak. Easy to be angry. Addicted to their phones. Are these what come to mind when we think of the teens of this generation (一代人)? While there may be a little of truth to this thought, there might be more to the teens of this generation than what is generally seen. Never before have the lives of any generation been as connected with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation. It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology. The popular use of social media has led to a world in which teens are responsible to join. Compared to the parents or grandparents who were likely less connected, these teens are “busy” in their social circles. It is no wonder then that the health of this generation’s teens has been damaged. Moreover, the teens today are more independent. This is quite different from the more village spirit or community thought of the parents’ and grandparents’ times. Gone is the relationship among neighbours who are friendly with one another and quick to offer a helping hand when they see another in need. In its place, we have teens who may not even know who lives in the unit next to theirs, much less offer a friendly nod or wave when they happen to cross streets with a neighbour. Yet, the influences of technology on the teens of this generation are not all bad. The very connectedness that social media brings about has led to an opening of minds and a development of dialogue among people of various cultures and backgrounds. Using social media means that one can know those people and their different ways of life. The parents or grandparents of this generation probably did not have the same chance to get to know people outside of their social circles at their age, so they may have fixed ideas of people different from them. The teens of this generation, on the other hand, has the chance to use this technology to learn more about and try to understand the various things out there. As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents. All in all, the teens of this generation are different in many ways from their elders. Every generation is a product of the events of their time and this generation therefore is different from past generations, with the changes around them at the same time. 17．Which statement is correct according to the passage? A．Most old people may not know their next-door neighbors. B．People usually think the new generation is stronger and calmer. C．Social media and technology may bring some influences to teens. D．The new generation may have fixed ideas of people different from them. 18．What does the underlined word “damaged” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Broken. B．Relieved. C．Increased. D．Developed. 19．According to the writer, which of the following words can best describe the new generation? A．Brave and smart. B．Open and independent. C．Friendly and confident. D．Responsible and patient. 20．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．The new generation is better because of their age. B．Technology has bad influences on the old generation. C．People use social media to learn different people. D．The use of social media brings some benefits to the new generation. 21．Which would be the best title (标题) for this passage? A．How Does the New Generation Change the Culture? B．How Are Teens Today Different from Past Generations? C．What Are the Weaknesses of the Old and New Generation? D．What Are the Influences of Technology on the New Generation? （六） （23-24高一上·山东威海·期中）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward.   Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system,” which uses something called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return. 22．Which can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1? A．Referring to. B．Getting rid of. C．Getting used to. D．Making use of. 23．What can serve as the “navigational tool” of printed books? A．Bookmarks. B．Fingers. C．The progress bar. D．The opening part. 24．What purpose does the example in paragraph 5 serve? A．To explain an opposing idea. B．To provide additional information. C．To support the author’s argument. D．To connect paragraph five and paragraph six. 25．What might be the best title? A．Why the Printed Book Is Back? B．How the Printed Book Benefits us? C．What Future the Printed Book Faces? D．Which Is Better, Printed Book or E-book? （七） （23-24高一上·河北秦皇岛·期中）Success is often considered to be the opposite of failure. To teenagers, it is the achievement of a goal or completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their classmates. Some schools used to agree with most parents who measured (判定) the success of their children according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships. Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can enjoy some form of success. For example, those good at speaking skills are advised to take part in speech competitions while those interested in arts are expected to perform in front of their classmates. Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs. Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work. Great efforts have to be put into project work. Doing things much later than planned should be avoided as this will lead to a mountain of work which finally makes them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed. Sticking to moral values is the key to success too. Honest teenagers will win the trust of friends leading to good relationships. Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed, for self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will and drive to perform a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement. 26．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．Their classmates. B．Some schools. C．Most parents. D．Their children. 27．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Project work makes teenagers nervous. B．Good qualities will lead to a happy life. C．Teenagers are advised to complete tasks in time. D．Taking responsibility will make work much easier. 28．What is important for making students strong minded? A．Honesty. B．Self-motivation. C．Communication. D．Friends’ trust. 29．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Value of Moral Education B．The Key to Discovering Hidden Ability C．The Meaning of Success to Teenagers D．The Way to Communicate with Others （八） （23-24高一上·辽宁辽阳·期中）When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 30．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 31．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 32．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 33．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. （九） （23-24高一上·四川凉山·期中）Editor’s note: An increasing number of Chinese people, especially the young, are more willing to celebrate Western festivals. Should we celebrate foreign festivals? Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours. Dinah (China) I enjoy the happy atmosphere of both Chinese and Western festivals. As long as it is meaningful for me, I will celebrate it with my boyfriend, and my parents! I like Western festivals and often celebrate them without even knowing the origins of them. Why? Because what I really appreciate is just the happy atmosphere. SharkMinnow (Canada) Western Festivals are more like parties or games for some Chinese. Also, spending money = good for economy. Most Chinese don’t take Western festivals as seriously as their own. It’s like a game or party in my eyes. A way to blow off steam and have fun (and spend money). Travis (UK) As an Englishman teaching here in China for two years, my friends have got used to, and enjoy when I celebrate my festivals. My school also likes it as well, although this year they asked me not to scare the teachers so much on Halloween. My Chinese friends enjoy taking part in my festivals, as they also learn more about my culture, and the history that goes with it… Leesinchina (US) Cherish your own festivals. It would be a pity if the Chinese accepted these Western days — first, because they have absolutely nothing to do with traditional Chinese culture. Second, they are a big trick by the big stores to get more money out of you. Stick to your own festivals — they actually mean something to you — rather than following western customs for no good reason. 34．What matters most according to Dinah? A．The atmosphere when celebrating festivals. B．The people with whom to celebrate festivals. C．Celebrating Chinese festivals with her family. D．Celebrating Western festivals in a good atmosphere. 35．What’s the attitude of readers 2 and 4 towards celebrating Western festivals? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Neutral. D．Negative. 36．Which can be the best topic for this text? A．How should we celebrate festivals? B．Should we celebrate foreign festivals? C．Why are more young people celebrating foreign festivals? D．Are more Chinese people willing to celebrate foreign festivals? 37．In which of the following can this text be originally found? A．A newspaper. B．A debate. C．A website. D．A text book. （十） （23-24高一上·北京东城·期中）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 38．How does the author feel about his neighbourhood? A．Unsafe. B．Confused. C．Bored. D．Upset. 39．As for international visitors, which would the author agree with? A．They prefer modern accommodation. B．They get along well with local people. C．They want to learn about culture and traditions. D．They choose destinations based on local economy. 40．What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A．The advantages of historic preservation. B．Recent progress in heritage preservation. C．The challenges historic preservation faces. D．People’s impression of preservation projects. （十一） （23-24高一上·重庆长寿·期中）These days many students like to make friends on line. Most of them think it's interesting to know an unknown person through the Internet. So, many students like to use computers to talk with those friends. And they spend too much time on it. Some of them can not do well in their school work. Their parents often don’t think the children are as good as before. So many teachers and parents are worried about their children. In fact, only very few of them can get real good friends in this way. Most of them were cheated by those unseen friends. And some of the students did wrong things on line. It’s terrible for students to use too much time to make friends and talk on line. So we should be careful of making friends on line and should not spend too much time on it. We’d better pay more attention to study. We will be happy when we do well in school and at home. 41．Many students like to make friends on line because . A．they are interested in it B．they can learn better in this way C．they always get real friends in this way D．they are friendly to each other 42．Many teachers and parents are about their children who spend much time on line. A．anxious B．confident C．careful D．excited 43． of the students can get real friends online. A．All B．Many C．Some D．Few 44．Most of them were cheated by those unseen friends. Here “cheated” means . A．聊天 B．欺骗 C．恩惠 D．鞭打 45．Which of the following is right? A．We should never make friends on line. B．It’s necessary for us to talk with our online friends every day. C．It’s really happy that we students do well in school and at home. D．Making online friends is more important than study. （十二） （23-24高一上·云南迪庆·期中）Most of us grow up taking certain things for granted. We tend to assume that experts and religious leaders tell us “The truth”. We tend to believe that things advertised on television or in newspapers can’t be bad for us. However, encouragement of critical (批判的) thinking in students is one of the goals of most colleges and universities. Few professors require students to share the professors’ own beliefs. In general, professors are more concerned that students learn to question and critically examine the arguments of others, including some of their own beliefs or values. This does not mean that professors insist that you change your beliefs, either. It does mean, however, that professors will usually ask you to support the views you express in class or in your writing. If your premises (前提) are shaky, or if your arguments are not logical, professors personally point out the false reasoning in your arguments. Most professors want you to learn to recognize the premises of your arguments, to examine whether you really accept these premises, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions. Put it this way. Professors don’t tell you what to think; they try to teach you how to think. On the other hand, if you intend to disagree with your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your ideas. Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness. 46．In the first paragraph, the writer tries to tell us that ________. A．we have strong beliefs in governments while growing up. B．we grow up through learning certain things in life. C．we are forming our views during our growth. D．we easily believe certain things without a second thought. 47．Nowadays, few professors encourage students to ________. A．criticize others. B．share the same idea as professors’. C．support their own views. D．examine his own beliefs. 48．The word “shaky” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．creative. B．firm. C．reasonable. D．weak. 49．According to the writer, the right way to argue is to ________. A．argue mainly for the sake of arguing. B．prove it with a good conclusion. C．support your ideas with a strong argument. D．examine others’ ideas critically. （十三） （23-24高一上·辽宁大连·期中）“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? One popular theory (理论) is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”—or, in other words, become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates, who clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful. However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising. Although Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, Ericsson argued that 10,000 hours was just an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice were also significant. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. Deliberate practice is said to be much more effective, though more tiring. Many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many other factors contribute to people becoming experts. Natural talent is an important factor, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. Besides, IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive factors, too. It is also important to note that becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success. Success also relies on social factors, environmental factors, and even just being in the right place at the right time! In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. 50．Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph? A．To make a comparison. B．To highlight his opinion. C．To inspire a reflection. D．To give a definition. 51．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Gladwell’s theory is easy to understand. B．Gladwell misinterprets Ericsson’s research. C．Ericsson objects to deliberate practice. D．Ericsson believes quality outweighs number. 52．What makes many American baseball players outstanding? A．Their personality. B．Their physical talent. C．Their identity. D．Their deliberate practice. 53．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Attitude is everything. B．Patience determines success. C．Talent counts most. D．Practice makes a difference. （十四） （23-24高一上·云南玉溪·期中）Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a humorous photograph or sound. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us. Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes need a good dose of laughter. I know that in my workplace, a bit of hilarity can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend eight or so hours a day. Seeing the funny side of things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing. Maybe we should get inspiration from Steve Carlisle, president of General Motors of Canada. When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff. He says, “It can help people feel more relaxed, more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too. It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning. But we have to be careful; not everyone laughs at the same things. While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student for their clever and well-told joke, others may consider them sarcastic (讽刺的), offensive or just an idiot! According to Professor Schweitzer, from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School, a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is seen as both confident and competent, which in turn increases his or her status. He says, “Being funny is taking a risk, and being risky shows confidence.” 54．What does the underlined word “hilarity” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Humour. B．Horror. C．Stress. D．Time-off. 55．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bad jokes can have positive effects. B．People are always admired for their jokes. C．Humour can help employees get more effective. D．Seriousness can have a bad impact on your health. 56．What do we know about Steve Carlisle? A．He likes telling jokes to his employees. B．He uses his humour to break ice with students. C．He often leaves his office to watch over his staff. D．He considers humour a reflection of confidence and competence. 57．In which column will you probably find the text in a magazine? A．History. B．Lifestyle. C．Travel. D．Sport. （十五） （23-24高一上·四川遂宁·期中）People who are at your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they influence you on your decision or action, it’s called peer pressure. All of us, at some point in our lives, have had to deal with peer pressure. Recent studies have shown that peer pressure might cause an upside to you. It can make you reflect on your actions and make changes to your ways to become a better one. Observing others working hard to reach their goals will definitely encourage you to make a great effort to achieve something positive. When a teen knows that his teammates are practicing hard to become better players then it will directly affect his own performance. He will put in twice the time and energy to raise the level of his game and ensure he has a place on the team. Having a group that brings positive peer pressure can also help you pick up healthy habits that can shape both your personality and your future. For example, when a child knows that some of his friends regularly read storybooks, he may get into the habit of reading. Seeing that his friends exercise daily, even he may take up the habit. Just as some influences can be positive, some can be negative too. Peer pressure sometimes can make a fall in your self-confidence. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, or because they worry that others might make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. The idea that “everyone’s doing it” can influence them to leave their better judgment behind. Besides, it is common for teenagers to think that nobody understands them and that the whole world is against them. The influence of peer pressure is such that it keeps them completely away from their family and friends who mean well. They just shut themselves off and fall into bad company. It’s likely that you’ve experienced the impact of peer pressure in different areas, ranging from the clothes you wear to the music you listen to. Sometimes it can be hard to resist(抵抗) and you may feel forced to do something you’re uncomfortable with. So being aware of and carefully choosing the influence of peers that will lead to healthy and happy experiences is a lifelong process. 58．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A quick reaction. B．A positive influence. C．A serious challenge. D．A possible conflict 59．What can we learn from Paragraph 4 ?. A．Peer pressure can get teenagers to become less self-confident B．Peer pressure can provide a positive model for teammates C．Peer pressure can get teenagers to make fun of their peers. D．Peer pressure can help teenagers improve relationship with family members 60．What does the author advise us to do about peer pressure? A．Just follow the trends ranging from clothes to music. B．Accept it all because it is hard to resist. C．Stay clear-minded and choose the influence wisely. D．Fit into a healthy and happy lifestyle. 61．Which section is the text probably taken from? A．Science. B．History. C．Opinion. D．Entertainment. （十六） （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life. In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues(问题). Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you. However, if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially ________. Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed assignments(作业). Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test. 62．According to the passage, getting along well with your teachers will make you ________. A．have no problems with study B．get a better seat in the classroom C．get the best scores in the exams D．have more pleasant time in the classroom 63．The underlined word “that” in the fourth paragraph refers to “________”. A．the happy time you have in the classroom B．getting along very well with classmates C．a better relationship between you and your teacher D．the disappearance of personality differences 64．Which of the following can be filled in the blank? A．if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities as a student B．if you are thought of as a good student C．if you know some basic social skills D．if you are easy­going and helpful 65．The passage is written for ________. A．teachers B．students C．advisers D．parents （十七） （23-24高一上·甘肃金昌·期中）It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 66．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 67．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 68．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 69．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. （十八） （23-24高一上·福建宁德·期中）There’s something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a physical newspaper. You turned the page, and here it is, with few annoyances or distractions, in an ultra-high-definition(超高清的)typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. Or—wait—are you reading this on a phone? Did you follow a link from Twitter, or Facebook? Or maybe you’re on a train, or a plane, or you’re trying to use your laptop on your cousin’s bad Wi-Fi connection out in the countryside somewhere. In the case, there’s a pretty good chance that even getting this far is some kind of minor miracle. When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No.1 isn’t to get the news to you. Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder. This happens every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone. An almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts, cookies and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you. That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy and just general creepiness(毛骨悚然)—the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for instance, they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks. But whether or not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology. Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. The move to greater privacy protection might help slow the pace at which such technologies are adopted. But there’s no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the terrible experience of the mobile web, you’ll only have one choice—which is to start reading your articles natively, in the Facebook or Apple News app. But it won’t be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. It’ll be ad tech. 70．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce various reading styles. B．To lead to the topic to be talked about. C．To show the advantages of physical newspapers. D．To compare physical newspapers with electronic reading. 71．Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A．The reader’s demand is satisfied. B．The reader’s interest is motivated. C．The reader is cheated by the design. D．The reader is taken advantage of. 72．What is the author’s attitude towards the economics of online publishing according to the passage? A．Tolerant. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 73．What could be learned from the last paragraph? A．Online ads have become less troublesome. B．Silicon Valley is as famous as Facebook. C．Ad tech is a good solution to privacy protection. D．It is tough to keep away from the annoyances brought about by ads. （十九） （23-24高一上·北京石景山·期中）The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A lot of my friends and classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age. On the other hand, I hesitated. I only knew the basics, but was foreign to some words on social media. All throughout middle school, I stuck with the same thinking. And now, as a freshman in college, I am looking back and wondering why I, unlike my classmates, have never been naturally interested in social media. Scanning Instagram, you ought to find dozens of pictures of people in beautiful countries, taking part in exciting activities, and spending time with friends and family, among many other things. The thought of doing this has never related to me. I respect and understand those who do believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives with others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same. In my eyes, when not shared with others, family gatherings and friend get-togethers are just as meaningful, if not more so. Most people have experienced feeling insecure (不安全) and unconfident on social media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways. Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed about all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I’ve never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life. I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted (使分心) by social media.While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages. With homework and after-class activities consuming the majority of my day, I cannot wait to finish every task on my to-do list, so I can finally spend time with my family or have some time for myself to relax from my busy day. 74．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Social media are popular in schools. B．Young pupils suffer from social media. C．The author has no access to social media. D．Social media contribute to students’ study. 75．From paragraph 3, we can know that ________. A．students get easily distracted by social media B．pictures of people taking part in exciting activities are not real C．family gatherings are not meaningful if not shared with others D．the author never shares aspects of his lives with others on social media 76．Why do people using social media might feel insecure? A．They post their images on social media. B．They follow other people’s beauty standards totally. C．Social media change the way they look at themselves. D．Social media encourage them to be a unique individual. 77．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．A to-do list can stop people using social media. B．Social media can waste people’s valuable time. C．Spending time with family always enjoys first priority. D．Students pay more attention to social media than to study. （二十） （23-24高一上·上海·期中）The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones(温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water. We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong. There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms, Droughts are not unknown to the UK, of course, and too many parts of the world are certainly familiar with far more severe versions. But increasingly they are occurring in the context of a climate emergency, and record-breaking heat. And the beauty of a false autumn, specifically, has an emotional effect, a deep weirdness, something mysteriously suggestive of evil or danger Cultures across the world contain ceremonies for the propitiation(宽恕) of the weather; a sense of responsibility for the natural world—and the belief that it will punish us if we fail it—is as old as humanity. One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross(信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun. We may not understand the mechanism, but at an instinctual(本能的) level it feels right. And in a similar way it has not really been a surprise to hear that birds are struggling. In London,  young swifts (雨燕) were seen falling out of the sky. Fewer—and too early—nuts and berries mean some animals will not live through this winter. Older trees, with their longer roots, will hopefully survive, but young trees may not—all that promises further warming. There will always be a degree of uncertainty about the causes of specific weather events, but we cannot deny that we have not taken care of the albatross. Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days are pot an autumn of autumns. 78．According to the passage, what is a disturbing sign of “a false autumn”? A．Tree leaves are turning orange and fall gradually in winter. B．Birds are struggling to fall out of the sky in London. C．People worldwide are careless of droughts and heat in the UK. D．Nuts and berries-ripen earlier but yield less than before. 79．Why is Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner so effective? A．Because people across the world sympathize with the albatross. B．Because it directly links destruction of wildlife to extreme weather. C．Because we are certain about how the weather shifts instinctually. D．Because he is an established Romantic poet curious about nature. 80．Which of the following is implied by the underlined sentence (Line 6, Paragraph 4)? A．This autumn must be seen as a warning to take instant action. B．Plants and animals are bound to survive in spite of their fear. C．The writer appreciates and looks forward to such golden days. D．Abundant environmental protection has already been ensured. 81．What is the overall tone of the passage? A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Humorous. D．Ironic. （二十一） （23-24高一上·北京丰台·期中）Certainly, a well-rounded(全面的) education is the foundation(基础)from which all of us spring forth. I am grateful to the many great teachers who have inspired me to do greater things, and have fired my enthusiasm(热情)for everlasting learning! But, sometimes I wonder if the outline of our educational plan is lacking (缺少)something. I watched the movie Easy A with my daughter. The main character's parents were loving, supportive, and built great confidence in their children and developed their ability to handle their own problems. There was a scene where the mother was speaking to the younger child who announced that he received an "A" on his spelling test. She replied, "That's great, honey, but everything has. spell check these days. "It was funny…. but TRUE! I don't mean that we shouldn't teach our children how to spell, but maybe some of our time should be spent educating them about the dangers of posting things on Facebook. Maybe we might want to spend time showing them how real life works—the credit card(信用卡)isn't free money—you will have to pay it back at sometime. Oh, and get this—they charge you for borrowing that money. Perhaps, we should spend some time on interpersonal relationships. I worry that our kids do not know how to relate to one another. Choosing a career(职业)is a daunting task. My daughter is in her second year in college and has changed her major(主修课程)twice. It's not that she didn't know what she wanted to do. What she "wanted to do" and the course she chose did not match. I have learned many college students do not know what they want to do because they haven't seen what it looks like in the real world. Being a journalist (记者)in the real world looks very different from writing stories. Maybe if we spent some time exposing them to real life experience—maybe two or three courses in areas of interest in high school that give them a feel "for what that particular field would look like, they might be better prepared. I do not know the solution, but it seems that it should at least be a topic of discussion. 82．Why does the author mention the movie Easy A? A．To share the movie with readers. B．To show parents' love for their children. C．To lead to the topic he is going to talk about. D．To prove the importance of being supportive. 83．The author believes that________. A．parents and school should work together B．there is no need for students to learn spelling C．children are able to handle their own problems D．it is important to help students understand real world 84．The underlined word "daunting" in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．special B．discouraging C．unimportant D．simple 85．What is mainly discussed in the passage? A．Schools should prepare students for their future life. B．Foundation is important for a well-rounded education. C．Life experience is more important than school education. D．Students should take part-time jobs to get working experience. （二十二） （23-24高一上·湖南衡阳·期中）Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should  regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 86．What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2? A．ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. B．There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. C．Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. D．There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. 87．How does ChatGPT write poems? A．ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. B．ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. C．ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. D．ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. 88．Why does the author mention Dickinson and cloud in paragraph 4? A．He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. B．He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. C．He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. D．He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. 89．Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI poetry? A．Acceptable and favorable B．Amazed and admiring C．Indifferent and uncaring D．Doubtful and uneasy 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期中）Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 1．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 2．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 3．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 4．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中噪音干扰的问题以及人们使用降噪技术的现象。文章指出，虽然降噪技术在市场上大受欢迎，但过度使用可能带来身体和社会方面的负面影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts.(无论你走到哪里，人们似乎都在用某种东西来减少生活中的噪音。他们在公共交通工具上、长途飞行中或在开放式办公室里戴着戴耳式耳机，或者在音乐会上使用彩色耳塞)”和第二段中“Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control.(降噪技术最早是在20世纪50年代发展起来的，目的是为飞行员减少驾驶舱的噪音。今天的耳机使用了一种被称为主动噪声控制的技术)”可推知，降噪耳机是用于减少生活中的噪音，在嘈杂的环境中创造一种安静的感觉。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example.(例如，研究发现，适度的背景噪音(约70分贝)可以提高创造性任务的表现)”可知，适度的背景噪声可以提高创造性任务的表现，故“Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise.”是正确表述。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office.(有些人可以在buzzy的咖啡馆甚至机场高效地工作，但他们却无法在办公室里保持同样的专注)”中“cafes(咖啡馆)”和常识可推知，咖啡馆是喧闹的，故buzzy与lively同义，意为“热闹的”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine.(过度依赖降噪技术未必是解决问题的办法，麦卡尔平说)”可推知，McAlpine对过度依赖降噪技术持否定态度。故选A项。 （二） （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期中）Movie stars might think their lives are private after leaving the acting location, but they ought to know that they have much power over their audience. The power gives them an ability to change people, events, even history, making them to have the responsibility of being good role models. With time going on, movie stars become celebrities (名人) and in the process get a large number of fans. Some of them follow their deeds, dress, and act like them. In reality, they want to be like their favorite movie stars. If a movie star engages in acts that the society does not approve, those who look up to them, especially the teens, will do the same. Movie stars should be responsible for what they do and say as following the actions is now simpler because of social media. It is important to behave like a role model even when they think no one is watching. Nobody is perfect, and movie stars also have had their down moments. They may not have been good role models at the time, but they can change the narrative by doing the right things. They can also turn the past shortcomings into positives by opening up about problems and how they overcame the challenges. And their audience can learn to discuss their problems and seek help. People starring in movies are the target of companies to promote their products or services for a fee. Their celebrity status is a reason enough to think beyond the payment. A movie star should not recommend something that will influence the way teens live negatively. It would be wrong to promote something like sweetened drinks or foods without health benefits. Movie stars face problems like other people, but because of their influence, they have a responsibility to be role models in the public eye. 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Fans often follow their stars’ dress and hobbies. B．Celebrities’ actions spread fast on social media. C．Movie stars should be responsible for their fans. D．Movie stars’ acts have a great impact on their fans. 6．How should movie stars deal with their down moments? A．Lie to fans by making up a story. B．Do the right things to overcome the problems. C．Cover their problems with good movies. D．Post their problems online to seek help. 7．Which is the author’s advice to celebrities? A．Don’t tell problems to the public. B．Don’t play roles that have a negative impact on teens. C．Don’t ask for payment when promoting products. D．Don’t recommend unhealthy drinks or foods. 8．What is the author’s purpose of writing this article? A．To tell movie stars how to help people in need. B．To stress movie stars’ impact on teens. C．To call on movie stars to be good role models. D．To advise movie stars to open up about their problems. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了电影明星有责任为公众树立一个良好的榜样，尤其是青少年。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“With time going on, movie stars become celebrities (名人) and in the process get a large number of fans. Some of them follow their deeds, dress, and act like them. In reality, they want to be like their favorite movie stars. If a movie star engages in acts that the society does not approve, those who look up to them, especially the teens, will do the same. Movie stars should be responsible for what they do and say as following the actions is now simpler because of social media. It is important to behave like a role model even when they think no one is watching. (随着时间的流逝，电影明星成为名人，并在此过程中获得了大量的粉丝。他们中的一些人遵循他们的行为，穿着和行为都像他们一样。实际上，他们想像自己喜欢的电影明星一样。如果一个电影明星从事社会不认可的行为，那些仰慕他们的人，尤其是青少年，也会这样做。电影明星应该对自己的言行负责，因为社交媒体现在更简单了。即使他们认为没有人在看，也要表现得像一个榜样，这一点很重要。)”可知，本段主要讲述了电影明星的行为对他们的粉丝有很大的影响，改选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“They may not have been good role models at the time, but they can change the narrative by doing the right things. They can also turn the past shortcomings into positives by opening up about problems and how they overcame the challenges. (他们当时可能不是好的榜样，但他们可以通过做正确的事情来改变。他们还可以通过敞开心扉谈论问题以及他们如何克服挑战，将过去的缺点转化为积极的一面。)”可知，电影明星可以通过做正确的事来克服问题、战胜困难，故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“It would be wrong to promote something like sweetened drinks or foods without health benefits. (推广甜味饮料或对健康没有好处的食物是错误的。)”可知，作者认为电影明星推销含糖饮料或不利于健康的食品是错误的，即作者建议电影明星们不要去推销此类产品。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“The power gives them an ability to change people, events, even history, making them to have the responsibility of being good role models. (这种力量赋予他们改变人、事件甚至历史的能力，使他们有责任成为好榜样。)”及最后一段中“Movie stars face problems like other people, but because of their influence, they have a responsibility to be role models in the public eye. (电影明星像其他人一样面临问题，但由于他们的影响力，他们有责任成为公众眼中的榜样。)”可知，作者通过本文想要呼吁电影明星为公众树立良好的榜样，这是他们的责任，故选C项。 （三） （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期中）Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improves flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 9．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 10．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 11．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 12．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。 9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)?(武术应该成为学校课程的一部分吗？)”可知，本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).(武术不仅提供了一种身体锻炼，而且还提供了一个发展自卫技能的机会，同时训练身体和心灵自律和警觉。研究表明，练习武术和自尊之间存在着重要的联系)”可知，把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。 11．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out.(他们认为这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的情况，没有必修的武术课程，那些擅长武术的人可能永远不会在武术馆)”可知，chicken和egg是缺乏训练师，没有必修的武术课程。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).(但一项新的研究表明，第一世界的肥胖水平仍在以惊人的速度上升，一些人认为，武术可能有助于对抗肥胖，也有助于孩子们在自卫和自律方面更好地适应更广阔的世界)”和最后一段“However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge.(然而，一些人敏锐地指出，是的，每个学校开武术课很棒，但是找到那些受过训练并有资格教授武术的人可能会被证明是一个挑战)”可知，本文只是客观陈述人们对武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点，并没有表明自己的观点，所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不清楚的。故选A。 （四） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期中）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 13．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 14．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 15．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces enviromental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 16．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．C 16．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们对保护遗产的看法。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living.(我小时候所熟悉的社区，到处都是美丽的老建筑，现在大部分都消失了，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。这是有充分理由的。居民们想要现代生活的一切便利)”可知，是人们对现代舒适的渴望驱使人们用新建筑取代旧建筑。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The renovation (修缮)and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world.(对历史街区的改造和保护可以成为一个经济引擎，吸引游客和小企业来到该地区。例如，在迪拜，历史悠久的Al bastikiya区每年吸引成千上万来自世界各地的游客)”可知，举Al bastikiya的例子表明：文物保护带来经济效益。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren't very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built.(而且，尽管人们经常声称老建筑的环境足迹比新建筑更大，因为它们不是很节能，但建筑师和环境专家坚持认为，最环保的建筑是已经建成的建筑)”可推知，翻新旧建筑减少了对环境的影响。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered.(历史保护是一种提供多种可能性的选择；相反，拆迁是不可逆转的。一旦这些宝藏失去，它们就永远失去了，这是我们遗产中一个永远无法恢复的重要环节)”可推知，作者对历史保护的态度是积极的和支持的。故选A项。 （五） （23-24高一上·北京顺义·期中）Is your teen time really that different from that of your parents or grandparents? Weak. Easy to be angry. Addicted to their phones. Are these what come to mind when we think of the teens of this generation (一代人)? While there may be a little of truth to this thought, there might be more to the teens of this generation than what is generally seen. Never before have the lives of any generation been as connected with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation. It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology. The popular use of social media has led to a world in which teens are responsible to join. Compared to the parents or grandparents who were likely less connected, these teens are “busy” in their social circles. It is no wonder then that the health of this generation’s teens has been damaged. Moreover, the teens today are more independent. This is quite different from the more village spirit or community thought of the parents’ and grandparents’ times. Gone is the relationship among neighbours who are friendly with one another and quick to offer a helping hand when they see another in need. In its place, we have teens who may not even know who lives in the unit next to theirs, much less offer a friendly nod or wave when they happen to cross streets with a neighbour. Yet, the influences of technology on the teens of this generation are not all bad. The very connectedness that social media brings about has led to an opening of minds and a development of dialogue among people of various cultures and backgrounds. Using social media means that one can know those people and their different ways of life. The parents or grandparents of this generation probably did not have the same chance to get to know people outside of their social circles at their age, so they may have fixed ideas of people different from them. The teens of this generation, on the other hand, has the chance to use this technology to learn more about and try to understand the various things out there. As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents. All in all, the teens of this generation are different in many ways from their elders. Every generation is a product of the events of their time and this generation therefore is different from past generations, with the changes around them at the same time. 17．Which statement is correct according to the passage? A．Most old people may not know their next-door neighbors. B．People usually think the new generation is stronger and calmer. C．Social media and technology may bring some influences to teens. D．The new generation may have fixed ideas of people different from them. 18．What does the underlined word “damaged” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Broken. B．Relieved. C．Increased. D．Developed. 19．According to the writer, which of the following words can best describe the new generation? A．Brave and smart. B．Open and independent. C．Friendly and confident. D．Responsible and patient. 20．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．The new generation is better because of their age. B．Technology has bad influences on the old generation. C．People use social media to learn different people. D．The use of social media brings some benefits to the new generation. 21．Which would be the best title (标题) for this passage? A．How Does the New Generation Change the Culture? B．How Are Teens Today Different from Past Generations? C．What Are the Weaknesses of the Old and New Generation? D．What Are the Influences of Technology on the New Generation? 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D 21．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了当代青少年与他们父母或祖父母的生活方式和价值观之间的差异。作者指出了当今青少年普遍使用手机和社交媒体的情况，以及这种现代科技带来的影响。尽管现代科技给青少年带来了一些问题，但它也促进了跨文化交流和开放思维。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Never before have the lives of any generation been as connected with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation. It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology.(在此之前，没有任何一代人的生活像这一代青少年那样与移动技术和社交媒体紧密相连。因此，这个新技术时代将会产生一些问题)”可知，正确的一项是C选项“Social media and technology may bring some influences to teens.(社交媒体和科技可能会给青少年带来一些影响)”。故选C。 18．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology. The popular use of social media has led to a world in which teens are responsible to join. Compared to the parents or grandparents who were likely less connected, these teens are “busy” in their social circles.(因此，这个新技术时代将会产生一些问题。社交媒体的广泛使用导致了一个青少年有责任加入的世界。与那些与社会联系较少的父母或祖父母相比，这些青少年在他们的社交圈中很“忙碌”)”可知，青少年沉浸于他们的社交圈中，所以他们的健康会受到损害，划线词damaged的意思是“损害，破坏”，和A选项意思相近，故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据第四段“Moreover, the teens today are more independent.(此外，现在的青少年更加独立)”和第五段“As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents.(因此，这可能就是为什么这一代的青少年通常比他们的父母和祖父母更开放)”可知，可以用开放和独立来描述新一代，即open和independent。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据第五段“The very connectedness that social media brings about has led to an opening of minds and a development of dialogue among people of various cultures and backgrounds. Using social media means that one can know those people and their different ways of life.(社交媒体带来的连通性使得不同文化和背景的人之间思想的开放和对话的发展。使用社交媒体意味着人们可以了解这些人以及他们不同的生活方式)”和“The teens of this generation, on the other hand, has the chance to use this technology to learn more about and try to understand the various things out there. As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents.(另一方面，这一代的青少年，有机会使用这项技术来学习更多的东西，并试图理解各种各样的事情。因此，这可能就是为什么这一代的青少年通常比他们的父母和祖父母更开放)”可推知，社交媒体的使用给新一代带来了一些好处。故选D。 21．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Is your teen time really that different from that of your parents or grandparents?(你的青少年时期真的和你的父母或祖父母有那么大的不同吗？)”可知，本文探讨了当代青少年与他们父母或祖父母的生活方式和价值观之间的差异。由此可知，最好的标题是B选项“How Are Teens Today Different from Past Generations?(今天的青少年与过去的几代人有什么不同？)”。故选B。 （六） （23-24高一上·山东威海·期中）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward.   Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system,” which uses something called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return. 22．Which can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1? A．Referring to. B．Getting rid of. C．Getting used to. D．Making use of. 23．What can serve as the “navigational tool” of printed books? A．Bookmarks. B．Fingers. C．The progress bar. D．The opening part. 24．What purpose does the example in paragraph 5 serve? A．To explain an opposing idea. B．To provide additional information. C．To support the author’s argument. D．To connect paragraph five and paragraph six. 25．What might be the best title? A．Why the Printed Book Is Back? B．How the Printed Book Benefits us? C．What Future the Printed Book Faces? D．Which Is Better, Printed Book or E-book? 【答案】22．B 23．B 24．C 25．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了纸质书的时代又回来了并阐述了纸质书优于电子书的原因。 22．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers.(最近的研究表明，与阅读电子书相比，学生在阅读纸质书时记住的信息更多。一所学校对这些发现做出了回应，ditching电子阅读器)”可知，最新调查说明电子书不如纸质书，所以这里指一个学校“放弃”电子书，从而推测 ditching为“放弃”的意思。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。由文章第二段“E-books may come with ‘navigational tools,’ but it turns out the best navigational tools are the ‘devices’ at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward. (电子书可能会附带‘导航工具’，但事实证明，最好的导航工具是你手臂末端的‘设备’。你可以使用它们向前和向后翻页)”可推知，这里手臂末端的“设备”应指的是手指。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward.(诚然，电子书比纸质书更轻，但人们必须质疑这是否真的是一种优势。在中学时，我的身材实际上因每天需要背课本而发生了变化。对我和我的同学们来说，这些沉重的书会把我们的肩膀向后拉，把我们的胸部向前拉)”可推知，作者用本段中的例子来支持作者的论点——纸质书比电子书更好些。故选C项。 25．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that ‘the ease of navigation (导航)’ was greater when using a traditional book.(印刷好的书回来了。最近的研究表明，与阅读电子书相比，学生在阅读纸质书时记住的信息更多。一所学校对这些发现做出了回应，放弃了电子阅读器。学生们发现，当使用传统书籍时，‘导航的便利性’更高)”以及下文可知，文章主要论述了纸质书的时代又回来了并阐述了纸质书优于电子书的原因。故选A项。 （七） （23-24高一上·河北秦皇岛·期中）Success is often considered to be the opposite of failure. To teenagers, it is the achievement of a goal or completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their classmates. Some schools used to agree with most parents who measured (判定) the success of their children according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships. Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can enjoy some form of success. For example, those good at speaking skills are advised to take part in speech competitions while those interested in arts are expected to perform in front of their classmates. Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs. Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work. Great efforts have to be put into project work. Doing things much later than planned should be avoided as this will lead to a mountain of work which finally makes them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed. Sticking to moral values is the key to success too. Honest teenagers will win the trust of friends leading to good relationships. Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed, for self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will and drive to perform a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement. 26．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．Their classmates. B．Some schools. C．Most parents. D．Their children. 27．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Project work makes teenagers nervous. B．Good qualities will lead to a happy life. C．Teenagers are advised to complete tasks in time. D．Taking responsibility will make work much easier. 28．What is important for making students strong minded? A．Honesty. B．Self-motivation. C．Communication. D．Friends’ trust. 29．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Value of Moral Education B．The Key to Discovering Hidden Ability C．The Meaning of Success to Teenagers D．The Way to Communicate with Others 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．B 29．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文围绕“成功”这一个词展开描述，介绍了成功对于孩子们的意义，以及成功的关键。 26．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Some schools used to agree with most parents who measured (判定) the success of their children according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships.”（一些学校过去同意大多数家长根据成绩来衡量孩子的成功，但现在他们特别关注道德教育和品格建设，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方面取得成功。）可知，一些学校之前根据成绩成绩来衡量学生的成功，但现在他们特别关注道德教育和品格建设，推断出“they”指代的是上文提到的一些学校，B项“一些学校”符合句意。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Doing things much later than planned should be avoided as this will lead to a mountain of work which finally makes them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed.”（应该避免比计划晚做很多事情，因为这将导致堆积如山的工作，最终使他们紧张。另一个好的品质是责任感，这使他们记住任务必须完成。）可知，从第三段建议青少年及时完成任务。故选C项。 28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed, for self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will and drive to perform a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement.”（因为自我激励的青少年会有坚强的意志和动力去完成一项任务，并最终获得成就感。）可知，对培养学生坚强的意志自我激励是重要的。故选B项。 29．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Success is often considered to be the opposite of failure. To teenagers, it is the achievement of a goal or completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their classmates.”（成功通常被认为是失败的反面。对青少年来说，幸福是实现目标或完成他们真正需要的东西，比如取得好成绩和与同学相处融洽的能力。）、第二段“Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can enjoy some form of success.”（学校给学生机会去发现他们隐藏的能力，这样他们就能享受某种形式的成功。）、第三段“Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work.”（青少年经常被告知成功是不容易实现的，成功在于努力工作。）及第四段“Sticking to moral values is the key to success too.”（坚持道德价值观也是成功的关键。）可知，本文围绕“成功”这一个词展开描述，介绍了成功对于孩子们的意义，以及成功的关键，所以C选项“成功对青少年的意义”，符合本文标题。故选C项。 （八） （23-24高一上·辽宁辽阳·期中）When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 30．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 31．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 32．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 33．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. 【答案】30．B 31．A 32．A 33．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的)when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman.(当Gail Heyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件衣服时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条明确的最爱——一条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一款。”)”可知，文章开头，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing.(正如Heyman的经历所表明的那样，如果你为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及到你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友的感受有时会让他们失败)”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it.(如果你知道谎言会有结果，为什么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授Tali Sharot进行的一项研究发现，这是因为人们已经习惯了。)”可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth(歪曲事实) .She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers(诱因) .Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively.(Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际反应的时候这样做。把你的注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。)”可知，Sharot建议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。 （九） （23-24高一上·四川凉山·期中）Editor’s note: An increasing number of Chinese people, especially the young, are more willing to celebrate Western festivals. Should we celebrate foreign festivals? Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours. Dinah (China) I enjoy the happy atmosphere of both Chinese and Western festivals. As long as it is meaningful for me, I will celebrate it with my boyfriend, and my parents! I like Western festivals and often celebrate them without even knowing the origins of them. Why? Because what I really appreciate is just the happy atmosphere. SharkMinnow (Canada) Western Festivals are more like parties or games for some Chinese. Also, spending money = good for economy. Most Chinese don’t take Western festivals as seriously as their own. It’s like a game or party in my eyes. A way to blow off steam and have fun (and spend money). Travis (UK) As an Englishman teaching here in China for two years, my friends have got used to, and enjoy when I celebrate my festivals. My school also likes it as well, although this year they asked me not to scare the teachers so much on Halloween. My Chinese friends enjoy taking part in my festivals, as they also learn more about my culture, and the history that goes with it… Leesinchina (US) Cherish your own festivals. It would be a pity if the Chinese accepted these Western days — first, because they have absolutely nothing to do with traditional Chinese culture. Second, they are a big trick by the big stores to get more money out of you. Stick to your own festivals — they actually mean something to you — rather than following western customs for no good reason. 34．What matters most according to Dinah? A．The atmosphere when celebrating festivals. B．The people with whom to celebrate festivals. C．Celebrating Chinese festivals with her family. D．Celebrating Western festivals in a good atmosphere. 35．What’s the attitude of readers 2 and 4 towards celebrating Western festivals? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Neutral. D．Negative. 36．Which can be the best topic for this text? A．How should we celebrate festivals? B．Should we celebrate foreign festivals? C．Why are more young people celebrating foreign festivals? D．Are more Chinese people willing to celebrate foreign festivals? 37．In which of the following can this text be originally found? A．A newspaper. B．A debate. C．A website. D．A text book. 【答案】34．A 35．D 36．B 37．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章引用了论坛读者关于“我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?”这一问题的不同观点，探讨了我们是否应该庆祝外国节日。 34．细节理解题。根据Dinah (China)部分中“I enjoy the happy atmosphere of both Chinese and Western festivals.(我喜欢中国节日和西方节日的欢乐气氛)”和“I like Western festivals and often celebrate them without even knowing the origins of them. Why? Because what I really appreciate is just the happy atmosphere.(我喜欢西方的节日，经常庆祝它们，甚至不知道它们的起源。为什么?因为我真正享受的只是快乐的气氛)”可知，Dinah认为庆祝节日时的气氛最重要。故选A项。 35．细节理解题。根据SharkMinnow (Canada)部分中“Western Festivals are more like parties or games for some Chinese.(对一些中国人来说，西方节日更像是聚会或游戏)”和“Most Chinese don’t take Western festivals as seriously as their own. It’s like a game or party in my eyes. A way to blow off steam and have fun (and spend money).(大多数中国人并不像对待自己的节日那样重视西方节日。在我眼里，这就像一场游戏或派对。这就像我眼中的游戏或派对。一种发泄情绪和享受乐趣(并花钱)的方法)”可知，SharkMinnow认为中国人并没有理解西方节日，只是把它当作一种发泄情绪和享受乐趣(并花钱)的方法，由此推知，他并不太赞同中国人这样过去西方节日；根据Leesinchina (US)部分中“Cherish your own festivals. It would be a pity if the Chinese accepted these Western days(珍惜你自己的节日。如果中国人接受这些西方的日子，那将是一个遗憾)”可知，Leesinchina认为中国人庆祝西方节日是一种遗憾，对其持否定态度。故选D项。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“An increasing number of Chinese people, especially the young, are more willing to celebrate Western festivals. Should we celebrate foreign festivals? Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours.(越来越多的中国人，尤其是年轻人，更愿意庆祝西方节日。我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?论坛的读者们分享他们的观点。欢迎您添加您的)”可知，本文引用了论坛读者关于“我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?”这一问题的不同观点，探讨了我们是否应该庆祝外国节日，所以“Should we celebrate foreign festivals?(我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?)”是文章话题。故选B项。 37．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours.(论坛的读者们分享他们的观点。欢迎您添加您的)”可推知，本文出自网络论坛页面，来自一个网站。故选C项。 （十） （23-24高一上·北京东城·期中）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 38．How does the author feel about his neighbourhood? A．Unsafe. B．Confused. C．Bored. D．Upset. 39．As for international visitors, which would the author agree with? A．They prefer modern accommodation. B．They get along well with local people. C．They want to learn about culture and traditions. D．They choose destinations based on local economy. 40．What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A．The advantages of historic preservation. B．Recent progress in heritage preservation. C．The challenges historic preservation faces. D．People’s impression of preservation projects. 【答案】38．D 39．C 40．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了作者对保护遗产的看法。 38．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city.(我小时候所熟悉的街区，到处都是美丽的老建筑，现在大部分都消失了，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。如果我们继续这样下去，我们的遗产将荡然无存；很快我就认不出我的城市了。)”可知，作者担心自己所在的街区的历史遗产将会荡然无存。由此可推知，作者对他所熟悉的街区感到不安。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past.(中东有几个很好的例子。在迪拜，历史悠久的AI Bastikiya区每年吸引来自世界各地的数千名游客。它也吸引了当地人，他们渴望了解自己城市的过去。)”可推知，至于国际游客，作者同意他们想了解文化和传统。故选C。 40．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In fact, renovation of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too.(事实上，在保留原有建筑美感的同时，翻修一栋现有建筑每平方米的成本甚至比最基本的新建筑还要低40美元左右。更重要的是，环境专家认为最环保的建筑是已经建成的建筑。新建筑几乎总是有更严重的环境影响，因为它需要使用必须长途运输的全新材料，而不是已经在现场的回收材料。我们回收了很多其他的东西。我们可以也应该回收建筑。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了保护历史建筑的好处。故选A。 （十一） （23-24高一上·重庆长寿·期中）These days many students like to make friends on line. Most of them think it's interesting to know an unknown person through the Internet. So, many students like to use computers to talk with those friends. And they spend too much time on it. Some of them can not do well in their school work. Their parents often don’t think the children are as good as before. So many teachers and parents are worried about their children. In fact, only very few of them can get real good friends in this way. Most of them were cheated by those unseen friends. And some of the students did wrong things on line. It’s terrible for students to use too much time to make friends and talk on line. So we should be careful of making friends on line and should not spend too much time on it. We’d better pay more attention to study. We will be happy when we do well in school and at home. 41．Many students like to make friends on line because . A．they are interested in it B．they can learn better in this way C．they always get real friends in this way D．they are friendly to each other 42．Many teachers and parents are about their children who spend much time on line. A．anxious B．confident C．careful D．excited 43． of the students can get real friends online. A．All B．Many C．Some D．Few 44．Most of them were cheated by those unseen friends. Here “cheated” means . A．聊天 B．欺骗 C．恩惠 D．鞭打 45．Which of the following is right? A．We should never make friends on line. B．It’s necessary for us to talk with our online friends every day. C．It’s really happy that we students do well in school and at home. D．Making online friends is more important than study. 【答案】41．A 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学生在网上交朋友的现象及其可能带来的问题。 41．细节理解题。根据一段“These days many students like to make friends on line. Most of them think it's interesting to know an unknown person through the Internet. So, many students like to use computers to talk with those friends.(这些天许多学生喜欢在网上交朋友。他们中的大多数人认为通过互联网认识一个不知名的人很有趣)”可知，许多学生喜欢在网上交朋友是因为他们对此感兴趣，故选A项。 42．细节理解题。根据第一段“Their parents often don’t think the children are as good as before. So many teachers and parents are worried about their children.(他们的父母常常认为孩子们不如从前了。很多老师和家长都很担心他们的孩子)”可知，许多父母和老师对他们的孩子花费大量花时间上网感到担心，故选A项。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, only very few of them can get real good friends in this way.(事实上，只有极少数人能通过这种方式交到真正的好朋友)”可知，很少有人能通过这种方式交到真正的好朋友，故选D项。 44．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词下文“by those unseen friends(被那些看不见的朋友)”以及“And some of the students did wrong things on line(有些学生在网上做了错事)”可推理出，划线词的含义为“欺骗”，故选B项。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段“We will be happy when we do well in school and at home(当我们在学校和家里表现出色时，我们会很高兴)”可知，C项“It’s really happy that we students do well in school and at home(我们学生在学校和家里都做得很好，真的很高兴)”表达正确，故选C项。 （十二） （23-24高一上·云南迪庆·期中）Most of us grow up taking certain things for granted. We tend to assume that experts and religious leaders tell us “The truth”. We tend to believe that things advertised on television or in newspapers can’t be bad for us. However, encouragement of critical (批判的) thinking in students is one of the goals of most colleges and universities. Few professors require students to share the professors’ own beliefs. In general, professors are more concerned that students learn to question and critically examine the arguments of others, including some of their own beliefs or values. This does not mean that professors insist that you change your beliefs, either. It does mean, however, that professors will usually ask you to support the views you express in class or in your writing. If your premises (前提) are shaky, or if your arguments are not logical, professors personally point out the false reasoning in your arguments. Most professors want you to learn to recognize the premises of your arguments, to examine whether you really accept these premises, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions. Put it this way. Professors don’t tell you what to think; they try to teach you how to think. On the other hand, if you intend to disagree with your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your ideas. Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness. 46．In the first paragraph, the writer tries to tell us that ________. A．we have strong beliefs in governments while growing up. B．we grow up through learning certain things in life. C．we are forming our views during our growth. D．we easily believe certain things without a second thought. 47．Nowadays, few professors encourage students to ________. A．criticize others. B．share the same idea as professors’. C．support their own views. D．examine his own beliefs. 48．The word “shaky” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．creative. B．firm. C．reasonable. D．weak. 49．According to the writer, the right way to argue is to ________. A．argue mainly for the sake of arguing. B．prove it with a good conclusion. C．support your ideas with a strong argument. D．examine others’ ideas critically. 【答案】46．D 47．B 48．D 49．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了在大学中给学生提供批判性思考的机会是一个目标，而不仅仅是传授知识。教授们鼓励学生质疑和批判他人的观点，包括批判他们自己的观点。他们希望学生学会思考，而不是告诉他们应该怎样思考。如果学生与教授意见相左，他们需要提供有力的论据来支持自己的观点，而不是仅仅为了争论而争论。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Most of us grow up taking certain things for granted. (我们大多数人从小到大都认为某些事情是理所当然的)”可推知，我们很容易不假思索地相信某些事情。故选D。 47．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Few professors require students to share the professors’ own beliefs.(很少有教授要求学生分享自己的观点)”可知，如今很少有教授鼓励学生与他们分享相同的观点。故选B。 48．词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后面的句子“or if your arguments are not logical, professors personally point out the false reasoning in your arguments.(或者如果你的论点不符合逻辑，教授会亲自指出你论点中的错误推理)”可知，划线词所在的句子与此处构成并列，此处指出你的论点不符合逻辑，教授会亲自指出你论点中的错误推理，由此前文中并列相同的情况即你的假设是不牢固的，是脆弱的，教授会亲自指出你论点中的错误推理。因此划线词shaky意味着“脆弱的”，指的是前提不牢固，与D选项“weak.(弱的)”为同义词。故选D。 49．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“On the other hand, if you intend to disagree with your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your ideas. (另一方面，如果你打算在课堂上不同意教授的观点，你应该准备好提供有力的论据来支持你的观点)”可知，作者认为正确的争论方式是用强有力的论据支持自己的观点即正确的辩论方式是用有力的论据来支持你的观点。故选C。 （十三） （23-24高一上·辽宁大连·期中）“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? One popular theory (理论) is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”—or, in other words, become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates, who clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful. However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising. Although Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, Ericsson argued that 10,000 hours was just an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice were also significant. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. Deliberate practice is said to be much more effective, though more tiring. Many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many other factors contribute to people becoming experts. Natural talent is an important factor, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. Besides, IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive factors, too. It is also important to note that becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success. Success also relies on social factors, environmental factors, and even just being in the right place at the right time! In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. 50．Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph? A．To make a comparison. B．To highlight his opinion. C．To inspire a reflection. D．To give a definition. 51．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Gladwell’s theory is easy to understand. B．Gladwell misinterprets Ericsson’s research. C．Ericsson objects to deliberate practice. D．Ericsson believes quality outweighs number. 52．What makes many American baseball players outstanding? A．Their personality. B．Their physical talent. C．Their identity. D．Their deliberate practice. 53．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Attitude is everything. B．Patience determines success. C．Talent counts most. D．Practice makes a difference. 【答案】50．C 51．B 52．B 53．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章讨论了“熟能生巧”的观点，练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。 50．推理判断题。根据第一段中““Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally?(“熟能生巧”是一个非常流行的表达。然而，我们能从字面上理解这句话吗？)”可知，这篇文章讨论了“熟能生巧”的观点是我们所熟知的观点，但是否能够从字面上来理解这句话，由此引起读者思考，同时引出文章的主题。C选项“To inspire a reflection.(引起思考)”符合题意。故选C。 51．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising. Although Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, Ericsson argued that 10,000 hours was just an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. (然而，许多人认为Gladwell的书过于简单化和泛化。尽管Gladwell的研究工作主要基于Anders Ericsson的研究，但Ericsson认为，1万小时只是一个平均数字。例如，有些人需要的睡眠时间远少于1万个小时，而有些人则需要更多。)”以及“More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice were also significant. (更重要的是，Ericsson说，仅仅练习很多是不够的；实践的类型和质量也很重要。)”可知，Gladwell的研究工作主要基于Ericsson的研究，Gladwell认为如果一个人练习至少1万个小时，他们就会达到“完美”；但Ericsson所持有的观点与Gladwell研究观点是不同的，Ericsson说，仅仅练习很多是不够的；实践的类型和质量也很重要。因此Gladwell曲解了Ericsson的研究。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Natural talent is an important factor, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. (天赋是一个重要因素，这在体育运动中尤为明显。例如，美国的许多棒球运动员有惊人的视力，使他们能比别人更快地看到球。)”可知，美国的许多棒球运动员有惊人的视力，使他们能比别人更快地看到球，这是身体天赋使许多美国棒球运动员出类拔萃。故选B。 53．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement.( 总之，练习不一定能达到完美，但是刻意的练习已经被证明能带来显著的进步。)”可知，作者认为练习不一定能达到完美但是刻意的练习已经被证明能带来显著的进步，即熟能生巧。故选D。 （十四） （23-24高一上·云南玉溪·期中）Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a humorous photograph or sound. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us. Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes need a good dose of laughter. I know that in my workplace, a bit of hilarity can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend eight or so hours a day. Seeing the funny side of things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing. Maybe we should get inspiration from Steve Carlisle, president of General Motors of Canada. When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff. He says, “It can help people feel more relaxed, more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too. It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning. But we have to be careful; not everyone laughs at the same things. While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student for their clever and well-told joke, others may consider them sarcastic (讽刺的), offensive or just an idiot! According to Professor Schweitzer, from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School, a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is seen as both confident and competent, which in turn increases his or her status. He says, “Being funny is taking a risk, and being risky shows confidence.” 54．What does the underlined word “hilarity” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Humour. B．Horror. C．Stress. D．Time-off. 55．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bad jokes can have positive effects. B．People are always admired for their jokes. C．Humour can help employees get more effective. D．Seriousness can have a bad impact on your health. 56．What do we know about Steve Carlisle? A．He likes telling jokes to his employees. B．He uses his humour to break ice with students. C．He often leaves his office to watch over his staff. D．He considers humour a reflection of confidence and competence. 57．In which column will you probably find the text in a magazine? A．History. B．Lifestyle. C．Travel. D．Sport. 【答案】54．A 55．C 56．A 57．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过举例阐述了幽默对于学习和工作的好处，同时辩证地提到了不合适的幽默的反面作用。 54．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us.(因此，在更严肃的场合中加入一点幽默似乎对我们有好处)”；第二段“Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes need a good dose of laughter.(像毫无幽默感的办公室或紧张的教室这样的地方，有时需要一点笑声)”以及划线词后文“can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend eight or so hours a day”可知，对于严肃的办公室或者紧张的教室之类的地方，有时一剂笑声就会带来大不同，所以在上班的地方，一点点幽默就能让这个每天工作八小时的场所变得更愉快。故划线词意思是“幽默”。故选 A。 55．推理判断题。根据第三段“When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff. He says, “It can help people feel more relaxed, more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.”(当他在公司位于安大略省的总部走动时，他会分享自己的幽默感，与员工建立联系。他说：“它可以帮助人们感到更放松，更舒适，从而更有效地工作。”)”可知，幽默能帮助员工在工作中更高效。故选 C。 56．推理判断题。根据第三段“When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff.(当他在公司位于安大略省的总部走动时，他会分享自己的幽默感，与员工建立联系)”可知，Steve Carlisle 喜欢给员工讲笑话。故选 A。 57．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a humorous photograph or sound. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us.(每个人有时都喜欢笑，无论是一个有趣的笑话，一个有趣的事件或一个幽默的照片或声音。最棒的是，一旦我们开怀大笑，我们会感到更快乐。因此，在更严肃的场合中加入一点幽默似乎对我们有好处)”结合本文是谈论幽默的议论文，推测来源于杂志里的生活方式板块。故选 B。 （十五） （23-24高一上·四川遂宁·期中）People who are at your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they influence you on your decision or action, it’s called peer pressure. All of us, at some point in our lives, have had to deal with peer pressure. Recent studies have shown that peer pressure might cause an upside to you. It can make you reflect on your actions and make changes to your ways to become a better one. Observing others working hard to reach their goals will definitely encourage you to make a great effort to achieve something positive. When a teen knows that his teammates are practicing hard to become better players then it will directly affect his own performance. He will put in twice the time and energy to raise the level of his game and ensure he has a place on the team. Having a group that brings positive peer pressure can also help you pick up healthy habits that can shape both your personality and your future. For example, when a child knows that some of his friends regularly read storybooks, he may get into the habit of reading. Seeing that his friends exercise daily, even he may take up the habit. Just as some influences can be positive, some can be negative too. Peer pressure sometimes can make a fall in your self-confidence. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, or because they worry that others might make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. The idea that “everyone’s doing it” can influence them to leave their better judgment behind. Besides, it is common for teenagers to think that nobody understands them and that the whole world is against them. The influence of peer pressure is such that it keeps them completely away from their family and friends who mean well. They just shut themselves off and fall into bad company. It’s likely that you’ve experienced the impact of peer pressure in different areas, ranging from the clothes you wear to the music you listen to. Sometimes it can be hard to resist(抵抗) and you may feel forced to do something you’re uncomfortable with. So being aware of and carefully choosing the influence of peers that will lead to healthy and happy experiences is a lifelong process. 58．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A quick reaction. B．A positive influence. C．A serious challenge. D．A possible conflict 59．What can we learn from Paragraph 4 ?. A．Peer pressure can get teenagers to become less self-confident B．Peer pressure can provide a positive model for teammates C．Peer pressure can get teenagers to make fun of their peers. D．Peer pressure can help teenagers improve relationship with family members 60．What does the author advise us to do about peer pressure? A．Just follow the trends ranging from clothes to music. B．Accept it all because it is hard to resist. C．Stay clear-minded and choose the influence wisely. D．Fit into a healthy and happy lifestyle. 61．Which section is the text probably taken from? A．Science. B．History. C．Opinion. D．Entertainment. 【答案】58．B 59．A 60．C 61．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者主要给读者讲了什么是同伴压力和同伴压力的影响，以及要选择积极的同伴压力让自己成为更好的人。 58．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“It can make you reflect on your actions and make changes to your ways to become a better one. Observing others working hard to reach their goals will definitely encourage you to make a great effort to achieve something positive. (它可以让你反思自己的行为，改变自己的方式，成为一个更好的人。观察别人努力来达到他们的目标，肯定会鼓励你做出巨大的努力来实现一些积极的事情)”可知，来自同伴的压力会让你做出积极的改变。所以划线单词所在的句子“Recent studies have shown that peer pressure might cause an upside to you.”意思是“最近的研究表明，来自同伴的压力可能会给你带来好处”，所以猜测an upside意思是“好处或者积极的影响”。故选B项。 59．细节理解题。根据第四段“Just as some influences can be positive, some can be negative too. Peer pressure sometimes can make a fall in your self-confidence. (就像有些影响可以是积极的，有些也可以是消极的。来自同伴的压力有时会使你的自信心下降)”可知，来自同辈的压力也会有降低自信这样的消极影响。故选A项。 60．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So being aware of and carefully choosing the influence of peers that will lead to healthy and happy experiences is a lifelong process.(因此，意识到并仔细选择同伴的影响将带来健康和快乐的经历，这是一个终生的过程)”可知，作者建议读者要保持清醒、选择积极的同伴影响。故选C项。 61．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章最后一句“So being aware of and carefully choosing the influence of peers that will lead to healthy and happy experiences is a lifelong process.(因此，意识到并仔细选择同伴的影响将带来健康和快乐的经历，这是一个终生的过程)”可知，作者建议大家选择积极的同伴压力让自己成为更好的人，所以文章主要介绍的是作者的观点和看法。由此推知，文章很有可能出自于“观点（看法）”栏目。故选C项。 （十六） （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life. In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues(问题). Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you. However, if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially ________. Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed assignments(作业). Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test. 62．According to the passage, getting along well with your teachers will make you ________. A．have no problems with study B．get a better seat in the classroom C．get the best scores in the exams D．have more pleasant time in the classroom 63．The underlined word “that” in the fourth paragraph refers to “________”. A．the happy time you have in the classroom B．getting along very well with classmates C．a better relationship between you and your teacher D．the disappearance of personality differences 64．Which of the following can be filled in the blank? A．if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities as a student B．if you are thought of as a good student C．if you know some basic social skills D．if you are easy­going and helpful 65．The passage is written for ________. A．teachers B．students C．advisers D．parents 【答案】62．D 63．C 64．A 65．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了和老师相处融洽不但有利于学习，还可以锻炼你的社交能力，此外本文还教你如何与老师相处。 62． 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(当然，和老师相处融洽是件好事，因为这会让你在课堂上度过的时间更愉快。)”可知，和老师相处融洽可以让你在班级更快乐。故选D项。 63． 词句猜测题。根据第四段“If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.(如果你向你的老师表明你想让情况变得更好，他或她可能会尽一切可能实现这一点。)”可知，如果你向老师表明你想让你们之间的状况更好，她或他就会尽全力让这件事发生。故推测that指代的是“to make the situation better”，即想要你们之间的状况更好。所以C项a better relationship between you and your teacher.(和老师之间有更好的关系)符合以上说法。故选C项。 64．推理判断题。根据下文提到的“Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, and completed assignments(作业). Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework or a test.(以下是其中的一些职责：上课准备学习。用合适的文具和完成的作业为上课做好准备。听老师讲话。尽你最大的努力，无论是课堂作业、家庭作业还是考试。)”可知，里面所列举的都是学生应该履行的一些责任，故推断空格处应该讲述学生应该履行的责任。A项if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities as a student(如果你履行作为学生的基本责任)与上下文连贯，符合文意。故选A项。 65．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(当然，和老师相处融洽是件好事，因为这会让你在课堂上度过的时间更愉快。)”以及2-4段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了和老师关系和谐的重要性，所以本篇文章应是写给学生的。故选B项。 （十七） （23-24高一上·甘肃金昌·期中）It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 66．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 67．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 68．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 69．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. 【答案】66．C 67．B 68．A 69．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。 66．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster. (但是场地是满的，有很多没有人需要的捐款。这架满载所需物资的飞机不得不找其他地方去。结果导致每个人的计划延迟了大约48小时，这在灾难中是非常重要的时间。)”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，导致所需供应被推迟。故选C项。 67．细节理解题。根据第三段中“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. (因此，当飓风Sandy来袭时，Rilling的团队启动了一个鼓励捐款的项目。)”可知，当飓风来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B项。 68．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete(实物) should be completely stopped. (她认为需要给予具体的东西不应该完全停止。)”可知，Meghan Hara对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A项。 69．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that. (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题。)”可知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D项。 （十八） （23-24高一上·福建宁德·期中）There’s something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a physical newspaper. You turned the page, and here it is, with few annoyances or distractions, in an ultra-high-definition(超高清的)typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. Or—wait—are you reading this on a phone? Did you follow a link from Twitter, or Facebook? Or maybe you’re on a train, or a plane, or you’re trying to use your laptop on your cousin’s bad Wi-Fi connection out in the countryside somewhere. In the case, there’s a pretty good chance that even getting this far is some kind of minor miracle. When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No.1 isn’t to get the news to you. Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder. This happens every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone. An almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts, cookies and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you. That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy and just general creepiness(毛骨悚然)—the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for instance, they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks. But whether or not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology. Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. The move to greater privacy protection might help slow the pace at which such technologies are adopted. But there’s no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the terrible experience of the mobile web, you’ll only have one choice—which is to start reading your articles natively, in the Facebook or Apple News app. But it won’t be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. It’ll be ad tech. 70．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce various reading styles. B．To lead to the topic to be talked about. C．To show the advantages of physical newspapers. D．To compare physical newspapers with electronic reading. 71．Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A．The reader’s demand is satisfied. B．The reader’s interest is motivated. C．The reader is cheated by the design. D．The reader is taken advantage of. 72．What is the author’s attitude towards the economics of online publishing according to the passage? A．Tolerant. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 73．What could be learned from the last paragraph? A．Online ads have become less troublesome. B．Silicon Valley is as famous as Facebook. C．Ad tech is a good solution to privacy protection. D．It is tough to keep away from the annoyances brought about by ads. 【答案】70．B 71．D 72．B 73．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章对智能设备进行阅读时出现广告表达不满。 70．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There’s something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a physical newspaper. You turned the page, and here it is, with few annoyances or distractions, in an ultra-high-definition(超高清的)typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. Or—wait—are you reading this on a phone? (在纸质报纸上阅读这篇专栏文章是一件非常简单的事情。你翻了一页，它就在这里，超高清字体是为愉悦阅读而定制的，几乎没有让人烦恼或分心的东西。要么——等等——你是在手机上读这篇文章吗？)”等内容可知，本段通过纸质阅读和智能设备上阅读的体验对比，来引出下文讨论的话题：对智能设备上广告阅读的不满。故选B项。 71．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No.1 isn’t to get the news to you. (当谈到在线出版的经济学时，首先要记住的是，首要任务不是把新闻传递给你。)”说明在线出版的经济学首要任务不是向读者提供新闻，结合划线词句中Rather(相反)等内容，从而推知“Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder. (相反，it is to monetize you，是通过实时将您出售给出价最高的人。)”其中短句应为“读者被出卖了，读者被利用来读新闻广告了”的意思。故选D项。 72．推理判断题。根据第二段中“An almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts, cookies and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you. (一个几乎难以想象的庞大生态系统，包括脚本、cookie和经常令人惊讶的个人信息，被用来向你展示一组品牌信息和销售宣传，这些信息几乎是为你量身定制的。)”以及最后一段中“Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are.( 随着时间的推移，在线广告从未像现在这样让人讨厌，可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的方法，移动广告也会变得更加令人讨厌。)”可知，作者对网络出版经济学的态度是批判的。故选B项。 73．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. The move to greater privacy protection might help slow the pace at which such technologies are adopted. But there’s no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the terrible experience of the mobile web, you’ll only have one choice—which is to start reading your articles natively, in the Facebook or Apple News app. But it won’t be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. It’ll be ad tech. (随着时间的推移，在线广告从未像现在这样让人讨厌，可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的方法，移动广告也会变得更加令人讨厌。加强隐私保护的举措可能有助于减缓此类技术被采用的速度。但从现在开始，网站要真正得到改善是不现实的。如果你想避免糟糕的移动网络体验，你只有一个选择，那就是开始在Facebook或Apple News应用程序中阅读你的文章。但破坏新闻品牌的不会是Facebook和苹果。它将是广告技术。)”可知，要远离广告带来的烦恼是很难的。故选D项。 （十九） （23-24高一上·北京石景山·期中）The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A lot of my friends and classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age. On the other hand, I hesitated. I only knew the basics, but was foreign to some words on social media. All throughout middle school, I stuck with the same thinking. And now, as a freshman in college, I am looking back and wondering why I, unlike my classmates, have never been naturally interested in social media. Scanning Instagram, you ought to find dozens of pictures of people in beautiful countries, taking part in exciting activities, and spending time with friends and family, among many other things. The thought of doing this has never related to me. I respect and understand those who do believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives with others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same. In my eyes, when not shared with others, family gatherings and friend get-togethers are just as meaningful, if not more so. Most people have experienced feeling insecure (不安全) and unconfident on social media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways. Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed about all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I’ve never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life. I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted (使分心) by social media.While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages. With homework and after-class activities consuming the majority of my day, I cannot wait to finish every task on my to-do list, so I can finally spend time with my family or have some time for myself to relax from my busy day. 74．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Social media are popular in schools. B．Young pupils suffer from social media. C．The author has no access to social media. D．Social media contribute to students’ study. 75．From paragraph 3, we can know that ________. A．students get easily distracted by social media B．pictures of people taking part in exciting activities are not real C．family gatherings are not meaningful if not shared with others D．the author never shares aspects of his lives with others on social media 76．Why do people using social media might feel insecure? A．They post their images on social media. B．They follow other people’s beauty standards totally. C．Social media change the way they look at themselves. D．Social media encourage them to be a unique individual. 77．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．A to-do list can stop people using social media. B．Social media can waste people’s valuable time. C．Spending time with family always enjoys first priority. D．Students pay more attention to social media than to study. 【答案】74．A 75．D 76．C 77．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要从作者对自己不喜欢社交媒体的这一心理的反思入手，针对社交媒体对当下人们的影响进行思考和论述。 74．推理判断题。文章前两段讲述了作者身边的人及作者本人对社交媒体平台的态度，结合第一段前两句“The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A lot of my friends and classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age.(我第一次听说同学们使用社交媒体是在四年级的时候。我的很多朋友和同学在很小的时候就兴奋地登上了Instagram这样的平台)”可知，在四年级的时候，作者的朋友和同学就纷纷参与到社交媒体平台，由此可推知，社交媒体很受学生欢迎。故选A项。 75．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The thought of doing this has never related to me. I respect and understand those who do believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives with others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same. In my eyes, when not shared with others, family gatherings and friend get-togethers are just as meaningful, if not more so. (我从来没想过要这么做。我尊重并理解那些相信使用社交媒体可以让他们表达自己并与他人分享生活的人。然而，我从来没有兴趣做同样的事情。在我看来，家庭聚会和朋友聚会在不与人分享的情况下，同样有意义，甚至更有意义)”可知，作者从来没有在社交媒体上分享自己与朋友和家人共度时光的照片。故选D项。 76．推理判断题。根据第四段“Most people have experienced feeling insecure and unconfident on social media.   Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways.   Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed about all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I’ve never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life.(大多数人在社交媒体上都有过不安全感和缺乏自信的经历。被改变的照片代表着不切实际的美丽标准，只有通过危险的方式才能获得。即使不使用社交媒体，我也知道使用Instagram和Facebook等应用程序会让我在所有方面都感到尴尬，而这些方面却会让我成为一个独一无二的人。我从来都不想在看到社交媒体上的帖子后，立即将自己和自己的生活与其进行比较)”可知，社交媒体平台上的图片等内容可能是经过编辑的，一些美丽标准是不容易实现的。且这些社交媒体容易让人产生对比心理，阅读者往往将博主的生活和自己的生活进行对比，使自己对自己的看法产生变化，而作者不同于他人，作者是不想这样去对比的。由此可推知，使用社交媒体的人之所以会感到不安全是因为社交媒体使人们之间产生对比，改变了人们看待自己的方式。故选C项。 77．推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted by social media. While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages.(我经常观察到我的同学很容易被社交媒体分心。在努力完成家庭作业的同时，他们有一种强烈的冲动，想打开Instagram或Facebook，看看是否有新消息)”可知，社交媒体会影响完成作业的进度，使得人们浪费宝贵的时间去关注社交动态。故选B项。 （二十） （23-24高一上·上海·期中）The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones(温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water. We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong. There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms, Droughts are not unknown to the UK, of course, and too many parts of the world are certainly familiar with far more severe versions. But increasingly they are occurring in the context of a climate emergency, and record-breaking heat. And the beauty of a false autumn, specifically, has an emotional effect, a deep weirdness, something mysteriously suggestive of evil or danger Cultures across the world contain ceremonies for the propitiation(宽恕) of the weather; a sense of responsibility for the natural world—and the belief that it will punish us if we fail it—is as old as humanity. One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross(信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun. We may not understand the mechanism, but at an instinctual(本能的) level it feels right. And in a similar way it has not really been a surprise to hear that birds are struggling. In London,  young swifts (雨燕) were seen falling out of the sky. Fewer—and too early—nuts and berries mean some animals will not live through this winter. Older trees, with their longer roots, will hopefully survive, but young trees may not—all that promises further warming. There will always be a degree of uncertainty about the causes of specific weather events, but we cannot deny that we have not taken care of the albatross. Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days are pot an autumn of autumns. 78．According to the passage, what is a disturbing sign of “a false autumn”? A．Tree leaves are turning orange and fall gradually in winter. B．Birds are struggling to fall out of the sky in London. C．People worldwide are careless of droughts and heat in the UK. D．Nuts and berries-ripen earlier but yield less than before. 79．Why is Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner so effective? A．Because people across the world sympathize with the albatross. B．Because it directly links destruction of wildlife to extreme weather. C．Because we are certain about how the weather shifts instinctually. D．Because he is an established Romantic poet curious about nature. 80．Which of the following is implied by the underlined sentence (Line 6, Paragraph 4)? A．This autumn must be seen as a warning to take instant action. B．Plants and animals are bound to survive in spite of their fear. C．The writer appreciates and looks forward to such golden days. D．Abundant environmental protection has already been ensured. 81．What is the overall tone of the passage? A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Humorous. D．Ironic. 【答案】78．A 79．B 80．A 81．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了气候变暖导致秋天变成了“虚假秋天“，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，采取措施阻止全球变暖现象进一步恶化。 78．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones(温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water.(树林正在变成橙色。一堆堆干树叶生长在森林的地面上，飞到街道的角落。从远处看，它是美丽的。但是空气仍然是温暖和夏天。在温带地区，这种转变和落叶并不是通常的渐进过冬准备，而是树木试图保存水分的应激反应。)”可知，本来秋天树叶变黄落下。现在冬天树叶变黄落下，人们误把冬天当秋天，就是虚假秋天。“虚假秋天”的令人不安的迹象是树叶在冬天逐渐变成橙色并逐渐落下。故选A。 79．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross(信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun.( 浪漫主义诗人塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) 1798年的诗歌《古水手之歌》如此有效果，原因之一是它直接将射杀信天翁——对无辜野生动物的毁灭——与可怕的天气变化联系起来:没有下雨，只有灼热的、令人死亡的太阳。)”可知，柯勒律治1798年的诗歌《古水手之歌》如此有效是因为它将野生动物的毁灭与极端天气直接联系起来。故选B。 80．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days are pot an autumn of autumns.(现在，我们必须希望我们正在做的足够多，以确保这些可怕的黄金日子成为一个真正秋天中的秋天。)”可推知，划线的句子暗示我们今年秋天必须被视为一个警告，要立即采取行动阻止气候变暖进一步恶化。故选A。 81．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong.(我们现在正处在一个由炎热和干旱造成的假秋天。这感觉不对。)”，文章第二段“There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms.( 因此，这种对熟悉节奏的形象改变令人深感不安。)”、文章第三段“Cultures across the world contain ceremonies for the propitiation of the weather; a sense of responsibility for the natural world—and the belief that it will punish us if we fail it—is as old as humanity.( 世界各地的文化都有庆祝天气平息的仪式;对自然世界的责任感——相信如果我们辜负了自然世界，自然世界就会惩罚我们——和人类一样古老。)”和文章最后一段“Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days are pot an autumn of autumns.(现在，我们必须希望我们正在做的足够多，以确保这些可怕的黄金日子成为一个真正秋天中的秋天。)”可知，文章讲述了气候变暖导致秋天变成了“假秋天”，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，采取措施阻止全球变暖进一步恶化。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的整体基调是担心的。故选B。 （二十一） （23-24高一上·北京丰台·期中）Certainly, a well-rounded(全面的) education is the foundation(基础)from which all of us spring forth. I am grateful to the many great teachers who have inspired me to do greater things, and have fired my enthusiasm(热情)for everlasting learning! But, sometimes I wonder if the outline of our educational plan is lacking (缺少)something. I watched the movie Easy A with my daughter. The main character's parents were loving, supportive, and built great confidence in their children and developed their ability to handle their own problems. There was a scene where the mother was speaking to the younger child who announced that he received an "A" on his spelling test. She replied, "That's great, honey, but everything has. spell check these days. "It was funny…. but TRUE! I don't mean that we shouldn't teach our children how to spell, but maybe some of our time should be spent educating them about the dangers of posting things on Facebook. Maybe we might want to spend time showing them how real life works—the credit card(信用卡)isn't free money—you will have to pay it back at sometime. Oh, and get this—they charge you for borrowing that money. Perhaps, we should spend some time on interpersonal relationships. I worry that our kids do not know how to relate to one another. Choosing a career(职业)is a daunting task. My daughter is in her second year in college and has changed her major(主修课程)twice. It's not that she didn't know what she wanted to do. What she "wanted to do" and the course she chose did not match. I have learned many college students do not know what they want to do because they haven't seen what it looks like in the real world. Being a journalist (记者)in the real world looks very different from writing stories. Maybe if we spent some time exposing them to real life experience—maybe two or three courses in areas of interest in high school that give them a feel "for what that particular field would look like, they might be better prepared. I do not know the solution, but it seems that it should at least be a topic of discussion. 82．Why does the author mention the movie Easy A? A．To share the movie with readers. B．To show parents' love for their children. C．To lead to the topic he is going to talk about. D．To prove the importance of being supportive. 83．The author believes that________. A．parents and school should work together B．there is no need for students to learn spelling C．children are able to handle their own problems D．it is important to help students understand real world 84．The underlined word "daunting" in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．special B．discouraging C．unimportant D．simple 85．What is mainly discussed in the passage? A．Schools should prepare students for their future life. B．Foundation is important for a well-rounded education. C．Life experience is more important than school education. D．Students should take part-time jobs to get working experience. 【答案】82．C 83．D 84．B 85．A 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学校应该为学生的未来生活做好准备。 82．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But, sometimes I wonder if the outline of our educational plan is lacking (缺少)something. I watched the movie Easy A with my daughter. The main character's parents were loving, supportive, and built great confidence in their children and developed their ability to handle their own problems.”（但是，有时我想知道我们的教育计划大纲是否缺少一些东西。我和女儿一起看了电影《轻松》。主人公的父母充满爱心，支持孩子，对孩子充满信心，并培养了他们处理自己问题的能力）结合下文提到学校应该教孩子为未来生活做好准备推知，作者提到 Easy A这部电影的目的是来引出话题。故选C。 83．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Maybe if we spent some time exposing them to real life experience—maybe two or three courses in areas of interest in high school that give them a feel "for what that particular field would look like, they might be better prepared.”(也许如果我们花一些时间让他们接触现实生活的经验，也许高中感兴趣的领域的两三门课程会让他们感觉到“这个特定领域会是什么样子”，他们可能会准备得更好)可知，作者认为帮助学生了解真实世界很重要。故选D。 84．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子之后的内容“My daughter is in her second year in college and has changed her major(主修课程)twice. It's not that she didn't know what she wanted to do. What she "wanted to do" and the course she chose did not match. （我女儿上大学二年级，已经两次换了专业。并不是说她不知道自己想做什么。她“想做的”和她选择的课程不匹配）”推知择业是一项艰巨的任务。由此可知，划线词意为“艰巨的”，与discouraging意思相近。故选A。 85．文章大意题。从最后一段第一句“I have learned many college students do not know what they want to do because they haven't seen what it looks like in the real world.”（我了解到许多大学生不知道他们想做什么，因为他们没有看到现实世界中的样子）和第三段“Maybe if we spent some time exposing them to real life experience—maybe two or three courses in areas of interest in high school that give them a feel "for what that particular field would look like, they might be better prepared.”(也许如果我们花一些时间让他们接触现实生活的经验，也许高中感兴趣的领域的两三门课程会让他们感觉到“这个特定领域会是什么样子”，他们可能会准备得更好)并结合全文可知，这篇文章主要讨论的是：学校应该为学生的未来生活做好准备。故选A。 （二十二） （23-24高一上·湖南衡阳·期中）Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should  regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 86．What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2? A．ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. B．There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. C．Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. D．There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. 87．How does ChatGPT write poems? A．ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. B．ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. C．ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. D．ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. 88．Why does the author mention Dickinson and cloud in paragraph 4? A．He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. B．He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. C．He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. D．He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. 89．Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI poetry? A．Acceptable and favorable B．Amazed and admiring C．Indifferent and uncaring D．Doubtful and uneasy 【答案】86．C 87．C 88．A 89．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从自身出发对人工智能创作诗歌这一热点问题进行探讨 86．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business.(像ChatGPT这样的工具似乎已经准备好改变诗歌世界 —— 以及其他许多领域 —— 但诗人也有很多关于人工智能的知识可以教给我们。如果算法越来越擅长写诗，部分原因是诗歌一直是一门算法生意。)”和第二段的“Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints.(即使是最叛逆的诗人也会遵循比他们愿意承认的更多的规则。当学生被教导模仿十四行诗的结构时，他们实际上是在学习遵循算法的约束。)”可知，从第一、二段来看，作者认为人工智能能够写诗部分在于诗歌本身就具有类似算法规则的诗歌规则和结构。即诗歌指南为人工智能的诗歌写作提供了可能性。故选C。 87．细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM).(它基于一种被称为大型语言模型(LLM)的新型人工智能。)”可得知，ChatGPT之所以能获得诗歌的规则，是得到了一个叫做大型语言模型的AI 的技术支持。故选C。 88．推理判断题。根据第四段前半部分“When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything.( 当狄金森的一首私人诗让我们觉得诗人直接对我们说话时，我们正在体验一种被称为语言的技术的影响。诗是由纸和墨水构成的——或者，现在是由电和光构成的。没有人“在”狄金森的诗里，就像ChatGPT的一首诗一样。当然，狄金森的每首诗都反映了她创造意义的意图。当ChatGPT把单词放在一起时，它没有任何意图。)”可得知，作者将狄金森的诗歌和 AI 诗歌进行对比，认为两者诗歌虽然都不涉及他人，但前者诗歌有创造意义的意图，而后者没有这种意图而因此是无意义的；根据第四段后半部分“Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should  regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes.(一些人认为，LLMs的作品因此没有意义，只有表面上的意义。如果我看到天空中有一朵云看起来像长颈鹿，我就会认为这是偶然的相似。同样，这种观点认为，我们应该把ChatGPT的文字仅仅看作是对真实语言的模仿，像云的形状一样毫无意义和随机。)”可得知作者认为 AI 诗歌是去模仿真正的语言，是无意义的、任意的，就如同自己将云看作长颈鹿一样是偶然相似。因此作者通过对比手法用狄金森引出AI 诗歌的无意义，后面用类比的手法用云描述AI 诗歌的无意义，因此推断作者提到狄金森和云是为了他用来形容 AI 诗歌的无意义。故选A。 89．推理判断题。根据第五段“When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar.(当我给朋友们看ChatGPT的十四行诗时，他们说这首诗“没有灵魂，贫瘠”。尽管遵循了十四行诗的所有规则，但这首诗是可以预测的。但是人类的一般十四行诗会更好吗?如果我们现在期望电脑不仅能写诗，而且能写出好诗，那么我们就设定了一个更高的标准。)”可知，作者认为 AI 诗歌尽管是没有灵魂的，贫瘠的，但是人类的诗歌也不会更好，如果我们想要更好的诗歌，我们可以设定更高的标准，因此推断作者认为AI诗歌是可接受，可欣赏的，虽称不上令人惊艳，但也算是达到人的一般水平。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$