板块4 第7讲 定语从句（配套课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

板块四　五彩缤纷的句式：三大从句、并列句和特殊句式 第七讲　定语从句 语法系列三 句法篇 内容索引 语法精讲　——夯实必备知识　 语法建模　——掌握应试技巧 语法精练　——核心素养提升 ——夯实必备知识　抓细节·求精准·重难大突破 语法精讲 返回 　　在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 (一) who/whom/whose引导的定语从句 用法 示例 who和whom指人；who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略；在口语中可用who代替whom (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)A better way might be to have students practice with partners who have similar English proficiency and learning needs.一个更好的方法可能是让学生和有相似英语水平和学习需求的伙伴一起练习。 用法 示例 whose既可指人，也可指物；在从句中作定语，表示先行词的所有格，即 whose 前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。 (口诀：whose前后名，后名属前名) ①In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 中国古代有一位画家，他的画栩栩如生。 ②He lives in a house，whose window is broken. 他住在一所房子里，房子的窗户坏了。 (二) that/which/as引导的定语从句 1．只用that引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词是all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing、none等不定代词时。 If I run into anything that might interest you，I'll send it your way.如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西，我会把它寄给你。 (2)先行词被the only、any、few、no、very等修饰时。 After the fire in his house，the old car is the only thing that he owned.他家失火后，那辆旧轿车是他唯一的财产了。 (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。 (4)先行词既有人也有物时。 My mother and her old friends talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school. 我母亲和她的老朋友谈论了她们所记得的在学校里的人和事。 2．只用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。 His best movie，which won several awards，was about the life of Gandhi. 他最优秀的电影，就是荣获几项大奖的那一部，是关于甘地生平的。 (2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。 (3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。 Readers attracts so many audiences，which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 《读者》吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 ①Football，which is an interesting game，is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的运动。 ②As is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。 引导词 位置上 搭配上 意思上 which 只能放在先行词的后面 无动词的限制 这 as 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等 正如……、正像……的那样 考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系 副词 句法 功能 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time、day、year等 when 时间 状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which 表示场所的名词：park、place、country、house等 where 地点 状语 ＝at/in/on/ to which 表示理由的名词：the reason why 原因 状语 ＝for which ① We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line. 我们将永远记得我的同学李冲越过终点线的那一刻。 ②I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。 ③I'm writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time. 我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。 名师点津　1.当先行词为point、situation、case、stage等表示抽象地点的名词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句； 2．当先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where； 3．当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that、in which或省略关系词三种形式。 I have come to the point where I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。 考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 　　在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若表示人，只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物，只能用which。 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/ whom) 在从句中作状语 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 在从句中作状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John，without whose help I couldn't have finished my task. 我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。 返回 类别 句法功能 示例 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 在从句中作主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 ——掌握应试技巧　巧思维·悟真题·技法微讲解 语法建模 返回 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是定语从句 分析句子结构，设空处无提示 词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。 第二步：寻找先行词，判断属性指人还是指物，表示时间、地 点，还是原因。 【典例】　(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place 63.__________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 分析　考查定语从句　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填关系代词。 自主解答　_____________ 返回 that/which ——核心素养提升　仿真练·达标连·点对点自测 语法精练 返回 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·山东省实验中学第二次模拟)The IOC has a complete guide for those _____ want to apply to these contests. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，____ Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow”． 3．(2024·山东省潍坊市三模)The main activities of the festival，_______ include competitions for kite making，flying and fighting，are scheduled. 4．(2024·山东省淄博市一模)The Crescent Spring，_______ terrain and landscape are really distinctive，has become a romantic scenic spot. who as which whose 5．(2024·山东省滨州市二模)The barbecue craze in Zibo began on March 8，______ a group of college students rode a high-speed train to the city to eat skewers. 6．(2024·河北省唐山市二模) When the freezing cold night fell，the visitors sat around the stage _______ the fire show was performed. 7．(2024·山东省泰安市三模) It will be like having a kind and helpful teacher by your side ___________ has nearly all the world's medical knowledge. 8．(2024·衡水中学第四次素养测评)Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing，all of _______ represent distinctive local features. when where who/that which Ⅱ.不同语境中定语从句的使用 1．邀请信 典例：我写信邀请你参加我组织的徒步旅行，我们的一些同学将参加。(浙江6月卷应用文) I'm writing to invite you to participate in a hiking organized by me，which some of our classmates will take part in. 运用：我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。(全国Ⅲ卷应 用文) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I'm writing to invite you to take part in the music festival which/that will be held in our school next Saturday. 2．申请信 典例：我自五岁学习中国画，因此我很了解这门艺术，这使得我能够很好地介绍画展。(2019·全国Ⅰ卷书面表达) I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years old and I have a good knowledge of it，which makes it possible for me to introduce the exhibition well. 运用：我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。(浙江6月卷应用文) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I have a good command of English，which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely. 3．通知 典例： Growing Together这部短片主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2：00到4：00在学校大厅放映。(全国Ⅱ卷书面表达) The short movie Growing Together，which is about the development of our school，will be shown in the school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 in the afternoon on June 17th. 运用：这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。(全国Ⅲ卷书面表达) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The concert，which includes various fantastic performances played by talented students，will be held in the school hall next Sunday morning. 4．感谢信 典例：我感谢你为了提高我的英语所做的一切。(浙江6卷月应用文) I am grateful to you for everything that you did for me to improve my English. 运用：我写信是为了感谢我在英国时，你为我所做的一切。如果不是你的关心，我在那里就不会过得这么愉快了。(2021·天津6月卷书面表达) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I'm writing to convey my gratitude for everything that you did for me when I was in England. If it hadn't been your care，I wouldn't have enjoyed my stay there so much. 5．推荐信 典例：我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。(北京卷应用文) I suggest that the university you apply for is Peking University，which is one of the best universities in China. 运用：无论你是中国艺术爱好者，还是想了解更多内容的人，来欣赏这次艺术展吧。(2021·浙江6月卷应用文) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Whether you are a fan of Chinese art or someone who wants to know more about it，come and enjoy the art exhibition. 6．建议信 典例：以下是一些关于学习汉语的建议，希望能对你有帮助。(全国Ⅱ卷书面表达) Here are some tips about how to learn Chinese，which I hope will be of help to you. 运用：你提到你有两门选修课，以下是一些建议，希望能对你有好处。(2021·上海卷) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ You have mentioned that you have two optional courses. Here are some suggestions，which I hope will be beneficial to you. 7．投稿 典例：另一方面，让我们停止可能间接污染海洋的不良行为。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) For another，let's stop our bad behaviours which may indirectly pollute ocean. 运用：小部分学生通过阅读书籍和浏览网站来学习，分别占18%和12%。(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返回 A small percentage of students learn through reading books and looking through websites, which make up 18% and 12%. 谢谢观看 $$