板块3 第5讲 非谓语动词（配套课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

板块三　千变万化的动词 第五讲　非谓语动词 语法系列二 词法篇 内容索引 语法精讲　——夯实必备知识　 语法建模　——掌握应试技巧 语法精练　——核心素养提升 ——夯实必备知识　抓细节·求精准·重难大突破 语法精讲 返回 考点一　非谓语动词的时态和语态 类别 时态 形式 语态形式 主动 被动 动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing   完成式 to have done to have been done 动词-ing 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动词-ed 一般式 done   1.时态形式 根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态。 (1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。 He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。 (2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。 Having finished his homework，he went to bed.他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。 2．语态形式 非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系：与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天举行的会议非常重要。 考点二　非谓语动词作状语 　　非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。 1．动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语，常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 ①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达) Learning singing was a memorable experience for me，making me appreciate the beauty in my life artistically.学习唱歌对我来说是一段难忘的经历，让我用艺术的方式去欣赏生活中的美好。 ②Not knowing his telephone number，I can't get in touch with him.(作原因状语) 由于不知道他的电话号码，我无法和他取得联系。 2．动词-ed形式作状语 动词-ed形式作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 ①Combined with good marketing，technological innovations will promote the sales of these products.技术创新与良好的市场营销策略相结合将促进这些产品的销售。 ②Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.人们发现这个句子翻译成英语后有一种完全不同的语序。 名师点津　部分动词-ed形式作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有：located，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed/buried in，dressed in，tired of，faced with。 ①Absorbed in his study，he didn't notice his classmates had gone home.由于专注于学习，他没有注意到同学们都已经回家了。 ②He hid his face in his hands again，lost in his own thoughts. 他又用手捂住了脸，陷入了沉思。 3．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，意为“为了；以便”。 To enjoy the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。 (2)作结果状语，常用于only to do结构中。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit.她焦急地从包裹里拿出那件衣服试穿，却发现不合身。 名师点津　动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而动词-ing形式作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果。 (3)作原因状语，常用于“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。 He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.他惊讶地发现他的房间彻底打扫干净了，一切都井井有条。 名师点津　在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，而不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在此结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。 ——单句语法填空 1．(2024·河南省信阳市高三一模) The ceremony also contained elements of Liangzhu culture and the Qiantang River tides，____________ (reflect) China's long and storied history. 2．(2024·广州市综合测试二) ________ (face) with the challenge of balancing conservation and tourism，Fan knew that a solution had to be found. 3．(2024·山东省新高考联合模拟)“Customer flow has increased dramatically recently.I am very optimistic about business prospects this year，”Chung said，________ (add) that he once sold more than 200 cups of lemon tea in a single evening. reflecting Faced adding 即学即练1 4．(2023·山东省济南市三模)So far，Shandong has launched many cultural tourism projects，making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River __________ (boost) the high-quality development of the region. to boost 考点三　非谓语动词作定语 1．动词-ing形式作定语，表示主动、正在进行；若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构。 Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1，000 years ago.中国的饮茶文化有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1 000多年前。 2．动词-ed形式作定语，表示被动、完成。 The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.这所大学以其为国际学生开设的语言和文化课程而闻名。 The gardener is sweeping up fallen leaves in the park.园丁正在清扫公园里的落叶。 名师点津　作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有doing和done两种。doing 表示正在进行；done 表示已经完成。 3．不定式作定语，表示动作尚未发生。 I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to catch. 我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。 4．动名词作定语，表示被修饰词的某种用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋for＋doing”，此时动名词常置于被修饰词的前面。 No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris.没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。 5．由序数词，the only，the last，the next或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 他总是吃苦在前，享受在后。 6．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt， way 等。 It is a chance to speed up regional progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.这是一个加速实现可持续发展目标的区域进展的机会。 ——单句语法填空 1．(2024·衡水中学高三下学期一调)However，a recently __________(launch) WeChat mini program is allowing every history enthusiast to be a hero in a virtual world，where one not just climbs the Great Wall，but also protects it. 2．(2024·江苏省扬州市考前调研) To follow the market，tea chains including Hey Tea，CoCo and Chabaidao，are continuously launching new products ___________ (feature) Chinese tea or other Chinese cultural elements. 3．(2024·湖南省常德市3月模拟)After all，who could miss out the opportunity __________ (visit) such a remarkable seaside city and try out some of the best wine in all of China? launched featuring to visit 即学即练2 考点四　非谓语动词作宾语 1．只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语) (1)三个希望两答应(hope，wish，expect，agree，promise) (2)两个要求莫拒绝(demand，ask，refuse) (3)设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide/determine) (4)不要假装在选择(pretend，choose/select) (5)打算提出俩计划(intend，offer，plan，mean) (6)申请失败负担起(apply，fail，afford) (7)准备愿望又碰巧(prepare，desire，happen) (8)此外，threaten，can't wait等也要用不定式作宾语 I have decided to study engineering. 我已经决定学工程学。 名师点津　allow，permit，advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾语补足语，即allow/permit/advise doing/sb to do sth。 2．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语) (1)喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy，consider，escape，avoid) (2)不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk) (3)感激承认不否认(appreciate，admit，deny) (4)介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put off) (5)允许完成是期望(allow/permit，finish，look forward to) (6)建议继续勤操练(suggest，go on，practise) (7)致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on) (8)继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss) I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我避开提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。 名师点津　动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 ——单句语法填空 1．(2024·辽宁县级重点高中协作体一模)Even though people initially laughed at him，he finally managed _________ (give) his hometown a path available to the nearby town. 2．(2024·四川石室中学三模) The country has committed itself to ___________(finish) constructing its space by the end of this year. 3．The guide dog being denied __________ (board) is just the tip of the iceberg，compared to the various difficulties faced by the country's visually impaired population every day when they leave their home. to give finishing boarding 即学即练3 考点五　非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1．不定式作宾语补足语 (1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语 常见的有：ask，invite，want，encourage，wish，expect，beg，request，require，advise，order，force，cause，allow，permit，forbid，warn，remind，teach，send，call on，wait for，would like/love/prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。 (2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 常用动词(主动语态中)有：使役动词(make，let，have)；感官动词(see，watch，observe，hear，notice)。 名师点津1.有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 2．在sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，用不定式作主语补足语。 The president was reported to have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。 2．现在分词作宾语补足语 表示主动、进行。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的有：feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，get，have，keep，leave，send，set，listen to，look at等。 I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来时，我听见钟敲了八下。 The wolf failed to get the prey.We saw it disappearing into the woods. 狼没能抓住猎物，我们看到它消失在树林里。 3．过去分词作宾语补足语 表示被动、完成。常用过去分词作宾语补足语的有：have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。 I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.我发现我被一阵强风刮到海上去了。 4．用于with复合结构 with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)/done(表示被动且完成)/to do(表示将来)。 He sat there，with his eyes looking at the sky. 他坐在那里，眼睛看着天空。 With his mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance. 他专心于工作，没有注意到我的外表。 With much work to do this afternoon，Jack left hurriedly.由于今天下午还有很多工作要做，杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。 5．常用不定式作主语补足语的句型 Sb/Sth be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done＋其他。 He is said to have gone abroad. ＝It is said that he has gone abroad. 据说他出国了。 Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 热能被认为是一种能量形式。 You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你应该在星期五前付账。 ——单句语法填空 1．Then，I reached for my daughter's hand and asked her _________(take) a walk in the field. 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) But that's how nature is—always leaving us _________ (astonish)． 3．(2024·湖南省常德市3月模拟)This unforgettable site consists of 135 hectares of vineyards，with a charming European-style castle _________ (locate) in the seemingly endless greenery. to take astonished located 即学即练4 4．(2024·山东省聊城市三模) A wind and rain bridge is a roof-covered bridge equipped with benches and pavilions (亭子) ________(shape) like palaces.It can shelter people from the wind and rain and allow them _________ (meet) and rest. 5．Instead，one activist，dressed in a full-body monkey suit，had arrived with a sign __________ (praise) the filmmakers. shaped to meet praising 考点六　非谓语动词作主语和表语 1．不定式作主语和表语 (1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。 To enter a good university for further study is my goal now. 进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。 (2)不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 (3)不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university. 我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。 2．动名词作主语和表语 (1)动名词(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。 Taking part in the English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English. 参加英语演讲比赛是学习英语的一种很有帮助的方法。 (2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth结构中。 It's no use arguing with him about the question，for he won't change his mind. 和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他是不会改变主意的。 (3)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week.(Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.) 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 3．过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特征。 I am pleased with the result of the experiment. 我对实验结果很满意。 The cup is broken.(强调杯子的状态) 杯子破了。 ——单句语法填空 1．Robert Owens felt __________ (defeat) and helpless on Sunday as he waited in Louisiana's capital city. 2．The art of Chinese calligraphy seems ____________ (fade) away gradually. 3．The lake appears _________________ (cover) as much as 80 square miles. 4．__________(map) the distribution of cave species could act as additional evidence for researchers investigating past climate conditions. 5．It took years of work ___________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 返回 defeated to be fading to have covered Mapping to reduce 即学即练5 ——掌握应试技巧　巧思维·悟真题·技法微讲解 语法建模 返回 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是否作非谓语 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 (1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式； (2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用动词-ed形式； (3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。 【典例】　(2023·全国乙卷)66.__________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产)while constantly growing. 分析　第一步：提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词was amazed，所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：结合句意及句中的状语“several times over the last 10 years”可知，visit所表示的动作 已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 之前。 自主解答　_________________ 返回 Having visited ——核心素养提升　仿真练·达标练·点对点自测 语法精练 返回 1．(2024·山东省潍坊市三月份模拟)In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation，____________ (conduct) the treatments in original place allows the sculptures to be treated in the same natural light in which they are being exhibited currently. 2．(2024·连云港市考前模拟一)It is，therefore，urgent ___________ (update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields. 3．(2024·厦门市第二次质量检测) So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ___________ (qualify)． 4．(2024·山东省烟台市、德州市一模)In fact，much remains ____________ _________ (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements. Through appreciating Chinese painting，you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese people. conducting to update qualified to be learned/to be learnt 38 5．(2023·全国乙卷) As a photographer，I have spent the last two years ___________ (record)everything I discovered. 6．(2024·山东师范大学附中考前打靶) For teenagers，some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects；some are working on a social studies project which involves ______________ (construct)a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s. 7．(2024·南通市考前练习)Although sometimes he still has trouble ________________(distinguish) between Mandarin and the dialect，he can use the local dialect to communicate with others. recording constructing distinguishing 8．(2024·山东省济宁市三模)The creativity of this mini concert is a great success: to some extent，it offers a Chinese way _____________ (preserve) the world-wide cultural relics. 9．(2024·山东青岛市一模)Despite being two goals behind South Korea in the first half，the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals ________ (score) in just five minutes. 10．(2024·连云港市模拟二)To feed the billions of people on Earth，most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy ____________ (produce) in large numbers. 返回 to preserve scored to produce 谢谢观看 $$