板块2 第3讲 语法项目3 介词(短语)（配套课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

板块二　不可忽视的小词：冠词、代词和介词(短语) 第三讲　冠词、代词和介词(短语) 语法项目三　介词(短语) 语法系列二 词法篇 内容索引 语法精讲　——夯实必备知识　 语法建模　——掌握应试技巧 语法精练　——核心素养提升 ——夯实必备知识　抓细节·求精准·重难大突破 语法精讲 返回 考点一　介词的基本用法 (一)with/without复合结构 “with/without＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词”在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。 1．(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)Nowadays，with smartphones and computers growing popular，an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways. 如今，随着智能手机和电脑越来越普遍，越来越多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。 2．They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他们争论了几个小时，也没作出决定。 (二)at、in、on表示“时间” 1．at表示某一时刻 at 12：00(在12点)、at noon(在中午)、at night(在夜里)、at midnight(在半夜)、at dawn/daybreak(在黎明/破晓)、at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落)、at dusk(在黄昏)。 2．in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间 in the 1980's/1980s(在20世纪80年代)、in the Qing Dynasty(在清朝)、in October(在十月份)、in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上)。 3．on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如某日、某节日、星期几等) on October 1st(在10月1日)、on a rainy day(在一个下雨天)、on National Day(在国庆节)、on the morning of July 3rd(在7月3日上午)。 5 (三)表示工具、手段、方式的介词 1．不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea、by water、by land、by rail、by air等。 2．涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike、by taxi、by plane、by ship/boat、by train、by spaceship等。 3．步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot、on horseback、on a horse、on a camel等。 4．with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。 We do not see nature with our eyes，but with our understandings and our hearts. 我们不是用眼睛看大自然，而是用我们的理解和心灵看大自然。 5．by、in、on、over、through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand、in English、in ink、on the telephone、over the radio、through the telescope等。 (四)“of＋抽象名词”的用法 1．of＋great/much＋抽象名词＝very＋抽象名词的形容词形式 2．of＋no＋抽象名词＝not＋抽象名词的形容词形式 ①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)To enrich my holiday life，I learned how to play the electronic organ this summer，which was of great benefit to me. ＝To enrich my holiday life，I learned how to play the electronic organ this summer，which was very beneficial to me. 为了丰富我的假期生活，今年夏天我学习了电子琴，这对我很有好处。 ②All our persuasion was of no use，she would not come. ＝All our persuasion was not useful，she would not come. 我们所有的劝说都没有用，她不会来的。 (五)介词but的固定搭配 have nothing to do but do... 除了做……外，无事可做 have no choice but to do... 别无选择只得做…… can't help but do...　 不得不做…… can't but do... 不得不/只能做…… can't choose but do... 别无选择只得做…… but for... 要不是…… 1．I have no choice but to do as he tells me. 我别无选择，只能照他说的做。 2．It rained hard，so they couldn't choose but stay at home.雨下得很大，所以他们别无选择，只得待在家里。 (六)名词 key、approach、solution、answer、entrance、visit、attitude等与介词to构成固定搭配 1．We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages. 我们有一种非常注重交际的语言教学方法。 2．We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.我们必须找到一个令人满意的方法来解决这个问题。 (七)介词by的用法 1．by＋地点名词：表示方位，意为“在……旁边”。 I can find two tables by the window for you. 我可以给你找两张靠窗的桌子。 2．by＋时间名词：意为“到……时(已发生某事)；最晚，不迟于……，在……之前”，此时谓语多用完成时。 Can you have your report ready for the press by next week? 你能在下周之前把你的报告准备好给媒体吗？ 考点二　介词的习惯搭配 (一)与形容词构成的搭配 1．be＋adj.＋about be anxious about　　　 对……忧虑 be curious about 对……好奇 2．be＋adj.＋at be angry at 因……生气 be good at 擅长 3．be＋adj.＋in be absorbed in 专注于…… be active in 活跃于…… be dressed in 穿着…… be engaged in 忙于…… 4．be＋adj.＋for be eager for 渴望…… be famous for 因……著名 be fit for 适合，胜任…… be ready for 准备好…… 5．be＋adj.＋from be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 6．be＋adj.＋to be close to 接近…… be devoted to 致力于…… be equal to 等同于…… be familiar to 为……所熟悉 7．be＋adj.＋of be aware of 意识到…… be fond of 喜欢…… 8．be＋adj.＋with be busy with 忙于…… be familiar with 对……熟悉 be patient with 对……有耐心 (二)与名词构成的搭配 1．at＋n. at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 2．on＋n. on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 3．by＋n. by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机 by chance 偶然 by design 故意 4．in＋n. in cash 用现金付款 in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in height 在高度上 5．of＋n. of benefit 有益处的 of use 有用的 6．out of＋n. out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 7．with＋n. with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 返回 ——掌握应试技巧　巧思维·悟真题·技法微讲解 语法建模 返回 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是否填介词 首先，分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般填介词。 第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案 分析句子结构，发现设空处在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配； 分析句子结构，发现设空处在不及物动词后名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配； 分析句子结构，发现设空处在形容词后名词前时，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。 【典例】　(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68.__________saving their environment. 分析　第一步：确定填介词。分析句子成分可知，此处考查介词的固定搭配。 第二步：确定答案。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起拯救环境的责任。此处考查固定搭配：take responsibility for“对……负责”。 自主解答　_____ 返回 for ——核心素养提升　仿真练·达标练·点对点自测 语法精练 返回 1．(2023·衡水中学第四次素养测评)In ancient times，the drums were played ____ New Year's Eve at the imperial palace to bring peace. 2．(2024·河北省唐山市高三二模)Luckily，the tradition has been listed ____ an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. 3．(2024·山东省潍坊市三模)Weifang has a long history of kite making，______ some records suggesting the first wooden kite was invented there during the Spring and Autumn period more than 2，000 years ago. 4．(2024·泉州市高中质量监测二)“We have to find a sustainable food source _____ long-term space explorations，”Zheng said. 5．(2024·泉州市毕业班质量监测三) He is the fifth president in the theater's 70-year history and the first one to come ______ an acting background. on as with for from 6．(2024·石家庄市教学质量检测一)It was a custom for people to hang peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival.Nowadays，couplets are used ____ a similar way. 7．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ____ hand rather than rolled. 8．(2024·山东省滨州市二模) Diners are served flatbreads，scallions and other dressings at the table so they are able to assemble their own barbecue parcels，____ much the same way Peking duck is eaten. in by in 9．(2024·山东省济宁市三模) Aimed ____“bringing life to the national treasures”，scientific and technological innovations have been integrated with cultural conservation in the past few years. 10．(2024·河北省部分示范性高中三模) Guests must bring foods that appeal ____ both bears and humans，such as salmon patties and honey butter. 返回 at to 谢谢观看 $$