UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（配套课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 必修　第一册 内容索引 课前　自主式语基落实　　 课堂　学案式要点突破　　 随堂　层级式夯基提能　　 单元测评 自主式语基落实　精梳理、巧诊断，把握知识关 课 前 返回 ——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 重点单词　分类记忆 阅读词汇知其意 1. disaster n．　　　 ___________ 2．drought n. __________ 3．helicopter n. ______ 4．crack n. __________ vi.& vt. ________ 5．brick n. _________ 6．metal n. ______ 7．unify vi.& vt. ________________ 灾难；灾害 旱灾；久旱 直升机 裂纹；裂缝 (使)破裂 砖；砖块 金属 统一；(使)成一体 8．gas n. _________________ 9. volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os) _____ 10．typhoon n. _____ 11．hurricane n. ____________________ 12．pipe n. ____________ 13．whistle vi. ________________ vt. ______ n. ________________ 14．summary n. __________________ 气体；燃气；汽油 火山 台风 (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 管子；管道 吹口哨；发出笛声 吹口哨 哨子(声)；呼啸声 总结；概括；概要 核心词汇写其形 1. ______vi.& vt.(slid，slid) (使)滑行；滑动 2．_______ vt. 摧毁；毁灭 3．_______ n. 百分之…… adj.& adv. 每一百中 4．____ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 5．_______ n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 6．___ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 slide destroy percent trap supply tap 7．_____ n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal) 帮助；援助 8．_______ vt.& vi.(swept，swept) 打扫；清扫 9．______ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 10．________ n. 电；电能 aid sweep effort electricity 11.The old farmer was very upset because the strong winds caused great _______ (损坏) to his crops. 12．(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that _____ (涌入) into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same. 13．Yuan Longping's intense efforts that feed so many people on Earth ______ (打动) me deeply. 14．(2024·辽宁省高考联合模拟)The waiting room was filled with happiness and we were able to locate a ______ (居所) that would take the family in. damage flood strike shelter 15．The _______ (供应品) which are provided to the disaster area will be collected from around the country. 16．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but _____ (废墟)． 17．(2023·武汉市五月模拟一)Besides，our school made it a routine to have regular fire drills where we learned to face fire emergencies ______ (冷静地)． 18．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)When approaching the finish line，he burst into a big toothy smile and ______ (挥手) to me with excitement. supplies ruins calmly waved 拓展词汇通其变 1. rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 →______ n．救援者 2．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒 →______ n．振兴；复苏 3．_______ n．智慧；才智 →wise adj.明智的 →______ adv.明智地 →unwise adj.不明智的 4. ______ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 →_________ n受难；苦楚 →sufferer n．患难者；患病者 rescuer revival wisdom wisely suffer suffering 5．erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 →________ n．喷发 6．_______ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 →________ adj.强大的；强壮的 →powerless adj.无力的 7．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 →________ n．投递；送交 8．______ n．长；长度 →long adj. 长的 →________ v．(使)变长 eruption power powerful delivery length lengthen 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．People were ________ to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The _________ news ________ all the people around.(shock) 2．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of ________．Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in ________ the terrible flood and they were the only two ________．(survive) 3．The _______disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 ______ up to now.(dead) 4．Yesterday，I climbed the mountain top to _______ the fresh air.Although I became _________ when I was on the top，the _____ of fresh air was worth it.(breath) shocked shocking shocked survival surviving deaths breath breathless breathe survivors deadly ——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 重点短语　记牢用准 先写对 1. _________　　　　 严重受损；破败不堪 2．_________ 震惊；吃惊 3．_______ 建立 4．________ 像往常一样 5．________ 现有(尤指帮助) 6．_______ 挖掘 7．______________ 露天；在户外 8．___________ 消灭；彻底消除 9．______________ 结束 10．__________ 急救箱 in ruins in shock set up as usual on hand dig out in the open air sweep away come to an end first aid kit 再用准 in ruins in shock set up as usual on hand dig out in the open air sweep away come to an end first aid kit ☞点击选用短语填空 1．(2024·沈阳市质量监测三)Jogging，walking and cycling ______________ are good ways to make you energetic. 2．Everyone was in shock，thinking the world must be ________________． 3．He wants to see me now，but I have so much work _________ that I would rather he came tomorrow than today. in the open air coming to an end on hand 4．Their houses were __________ by the flood，so they had to build new ones. 5．It is no wonder that the whole building is now ________；it caught so big a fire last night. swept away in ruins 拓展联想　会积累 1.后缀-al名词荟萃 ①survive→survival n. 幸存；生还 ②revive→revival n. 振兴；复苏 ③arrive→arrival n. 到达 ④propose→proposal n. 提议，建议 ⑤approve→approval n. 批准，认可 2.“ABB”型动词原形、过去式、过去分词 ①sweep，swept，swept　 打扫；清扫 ②bleed，bled，bled 出血；流血 ③deal，dealt，dealt 处理；交易；对付 ④fight，fought，fought (与……)作战； 战斗 ⑤flee，fled，fled 逃走；逃避 3.“in＋名词”短语面面观 ①in trouble 在困境中 ②in danger 处于危险中 ③in return 作为回报 ④in shock 震惊；吃惊 ⑤in order 井然有序 ⑥in place 在适当的位置 ——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 重点句式　背熟巧用 句式背诵 句式仿写 句式1: too＋形容词＋to...“太……而不能……” (教材原句)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能进食，狗也不愿意进屋里去。 1.随着期末考试的临近，我太焦虑，每天直到很晚才能睡着。 With the final exam approaching，_______ ___________________ until late into the night. I am too anxious to fall asleep 句式背诵 句式仿写 句式2：as if引导的虚拟语气 (教材原句)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 2.既紧张又害怕，我感觉如坐针毡。Nervous and frightened，I felt as if I _______________________________. 句式3: be doing...when...正在做……突然…… (教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 3.他正在河边散步，突然他听见有人在喊救命。 _______________________________ he heard someone crying for help. 返回 were sitting on pins and needles He was walking along the river when 学案式要点突破　全练通、巧归纳，突破能力关 课 堂 返回 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(affection n．喜爱) ——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 核心单词　重难突破 (1)be deeply/greatly affected by... 被……深深打动 be affected with... 染上……疾病 (2)show/have an affection for... 喜欢……，喜爱…… (3)have an effect/influence on... 对……有影响　　 归纳 1 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①________ by those selfless doctors，I have developed a deep _________ for the career.(affect) (2021·天津卷短文投稿) ②得知你因患重病而回爱尔兰，我感到非常抱歉。(2020·浙江7月卷应用文写作) Learning that you have returned to Ireland because ____________________ _________________，I am terribly sorry about it. Affected affection you are affected with a serious/severe illness ③总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作) In summary，the English newspaper Youth __________________________ _______________________．________________________ countless moving stories in the newspaper. affects me greatly/has a great effect/influence on/upon me I am often deeply affected by shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊(shocked adj.感到震 惊的　shocking adj.令人震惊的) (1)be a shock to...　 对……而言是一件震惊的事 in shock 吃惊地，震惊地 (2)be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊　　 归纳 2 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①Looking at the house which lay in ruins __ shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. ②卡瑞娜被我的刻薄言辞震惊了，她惊恐地盯着我，一句话也说不出来。 (读后续写之恐惧描写) _______________________，Karina stared at me in horror and failed to say a word. in Shocked by my mean words ③The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.(2020·浙江卷读后续写) ③－1 The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，_______________ __________________________________．(定语从句) ③－2 ______________________________ the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(what引导主语从句) which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked What shocked Elli and me was that bury vt.(buried，buried，burying)埋葬；安葬 (1) 埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面　　 归纳 3 be buried in bury oneself in 练透——句式升级/一句多译 ①David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) ①－1 David still refused to look at me，________________________．(分词作状语改写) ①－2 David still refused to look at me，_________________________．(with的复合结构) ①－3 David still refused to look at me，_______________________．(独立主格) burying his head in his arms with his head buried in his arms his head buried in his arms ②我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作) ②－1 I _________________________________________________________ and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. ②－2 __________________________________________，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(分词短语作状语) bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day Buried in reading the English newspaper every day suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦　(suffering n．受苦，遭难　sufferer n．受害者；患者) suffer a lot of pain 　 遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer severe damage 损失惨重 suffer from 遭受；患病　　 归纳 4 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To our shock，he had become seriously ill，________ (suffer) great pain and discomfort. ②People of the disaster area suffered a lot _____ the typhoon，and water supplies and electricity were hard to get. ③生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之主旨升华) There are always some ups and downs in our lives，______________________ _____________________．(强调句型) suffering from but it is the suffering that but it is the suffering that survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过(survivor n．幸存者　 survival n．幸存；生还) survive on　　 靠……存活下来 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)　　 归纳 5 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the storm with just a thin coat，clearly not enough _________ (survive) the snowstorm.(2023·3月济南模拟) ②Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband ____5 years. ③We will do everything in our power to help those _________ (survive) in the tornado. ④生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句) Life isn't about ______________________；it's about learning to dance in the rain. to survive by survivors how to survive the storm effect n．影响；结果；效果 (effective adj.有效的；有影响的) take effect　　　 生效；见效 come into effect 生效 have an effect/influence/impact/on/upon 对……产生影响 put...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用　　 归纳 6 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In fact，children consider this method _______ (effect) when others use it.(2022·全国乙卷) ②李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。(介 绍信) During his lifetime，Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，____________________________________________________________．(定语从句) ③为解决这些问题，希望我的建议不久会付诸实施。(建议信) Hopefully，my recommendations will soon __________________ settle these problems. effective all of which have a great effect/impact/influence on/upon Chinese culture be put into effect to 1 (1)lie/be in ruins　　 成为废墟 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's fame 毁坏某人的声誉　　 归纳 ——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 短语句式　学以致用 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage，leaving the city in ______ (ruin)． ②He made a mistake，_______ (ruin) his chance of going abroad. ③你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。(读后续写之主旨升华) You can't change the past，but you can _______________________________ _____． ruins ruining ruin the present by worrying about the future 2 (1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb)＋to do sth 结构，表否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 (2)too...to...结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式则表肯定意义。 (3)can't/can never...too... 再怎么……也不过分。　　 归纳 句型公式：too...to...太……而不能…… (教材原句)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意进到室内去。 练透——完成句子 ①那个小女孩瘫倒在地，吓得哭不出来。(读后续写之情感描写) The little girl sank to the ground，_________________． ②他急于知道他的考试成绩。 He was ________________ the result of his examination. ③俗话说，活到老学到老。(读后续写之主旨升华) As the saying goes，_____________________． too frightened to cry too eager to know it's never too old to learn 句型公式：as if...意为“似乎/好像……” (教材原句)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3 (1)as if/though陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生的情况) (2)as if/though虚拟语气(不真实或不可能发生的情况) 虚拟现在：did 虚拟过去：had done 虚拟将来：would/might/could＋do　　 归纳 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He can speak English very fluently as if he ____ (be) a native Englishman，so you can talk to him freely. ②Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he ________ (do) something very clever. ③当他妈妈亲吻他的脸颊的时候，这个婴儿高兴极了。 When his mother kissed him on the cheek，it seemed _____________________ ___________．(读后续写之心情描写) were had done as if the baby were on top of the world ④眼泪在眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me ____________ _______________________________________，but lowered his head once again. as if he would say something/as if (he was) to say something 4 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。 when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do...when... 正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……突然…… had (just) done...when... 刚做完……这时突然……　　 归纳 句型公式：be doing...when...正在做……，这时(突然)…… (教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I _____________ (search)the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang. ②他们正要在户外搭起帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。(读后续写之情感描写) They were on the point of putting up the tent in the open air ________________ ______________． ③妈妈刚睡醒，就闻到一股食物诱人的味道。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后 续写) Mother _____________________she smelt an inviting smell of food. 返回 was searching when a loud whistle frightened them had just woken up when 层级式夯基提能　过基础、抓落实，过好素养关 随 堂 返回 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．I went _______ three months of language training after I first arrived in this college，and now I'm a psychology student here. 2．Up to now food and water __________________ (deliver) to the disaster-stricken area，where many people ________ (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help. 3．To win an honour for his country，he didn't give up even if he got injured in the race，_______(set) a good example to others. 4．Happiness and success often come to those _____ are good at recognizing their own strengths. through have been delivered surviving setting who 5．(2024·江苏省泰州市第四次调研)Louise's dream of finding her ________ (rescue) came true and now that she'd reunited with them，she hoped to stay connected forever. 6．(2023·辽南协作校三模)The only thing that cannot be broken is our love，which is the strongest thing that can never ___________ (destroy)． 7．(2024·河北省名校联盟联合调研)________ (trap) in a net around the rock，the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air. 8．__________ (shock)，the graceful competitor just smiled ______ (calm) when she learned that no _______ (effect) measures had been taken. rescuers be destroyed Trapped Shockingly calmly effective 9．_______ (bury) in his book，the athlete didn't notice me when I ____ (slide) into the room. 10．Sometimes a smile can make a real difference to people _________ (suffer) from disasters in the ________ (affect) area. Buried slid suffering affected 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)...John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? _______________ 2．When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back. ____________ 3．She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock. ________ vt.收集；吸收 v.大量涌入 n.休克 4．根据语境选出strike 的含义 A．v.打动　B．v.使突然想起　C．n.罢工 D．v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E．v.达成(协议，妥协) F．v.敲钟 ①When I entered the room，the clock had just struck 10. ____ ②Struck by/with what he had done for me，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. ____ ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) Some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. _____ F A E A．v.打动　B．v.使突然想起　C．n.罢工 D．v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E．v.达成(协议，妥协) F．v.敲钟 ④They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. _____ ⑤A big earthquake struck the city last year，killing hundreds of people. _____ ⑥A good way to promote popcorn struck John and thus，he dashed to Bernard's home like a gust of wind. _____ C D B 维度3　完成句子/一句多译 1．(2021·浙江1月卷读后续写)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。 __________________________________ I could win first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin. 2．(2023·汕头市三模)今天，我很荣幸能在这里发表题为“劳动最美”的演讲。 Today，I'm so honored to be here and ____________________ “The Fruit of Labor Is the Sweetest”． It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that deliver the speech titled 3．尽管这个问题很难解决，但我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。 Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should ___________________________________________ Internet addiction. 4．一阵恐慌席卷了她，但她强迫自己平静地离开了房间。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) ①__________________________，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. ②___________________________，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. spare no effort to help those who are suffering from A wave of panic swept over her A burst of panic flooded over her 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1.应用文写作提分练——感谢信 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 假定你是李华，是重庆某学校的一名高中生。你校英文报现征集感谢信，感谢来自各行各业的志愿者们的增援。内容包括：1.感谢无私奉献；2.表示赞扬；3.表达愿望 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1．代表我校，我写信真诚地感谢你们的努力和帮助。否则这座城市可能会遭受更大的破坏。 On behalf of our school，I'm writing _________________________________ ________________．Otherwise，the city ____________________________． (虚拟语气) 2．令人震惊的是，重庆受高温和干旱袭击，导致烈火发生。 ，high temperature and drought _______________，_________ violent wildfires breaking out.(分词短语作结果状语) 3．你们来了，及时提供了援助。 _______________________________ to express our sincere appreciation for your efforts and aid could have suffered more damage Shockingly struck Chongqing leaving You came and offered timely rescue. 4．尽管许多志愿者极其疲惫，但依然忙于运送物资。 Extremely tired as a number of volunteers were，they ____________________ ________________． 5．正是你们不懈的努力和决心结束了这次自然灾害。 __________________________________ put an end to the natural disaster.(强调句) 6．被你们深深感动，我们决定竭尽全力使我们的城市更美好。 ___________________，we are determined to _______________________ to make our city better.(分词短语作状语) were still buried in delivering supplies It was your efforts and determination that Deeply affected by you do everything in our power 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) Dear volunteers， On behalf of our school，I'm writing to express our sincere appreciation for your efforts and aid.Otherwise，the city could have suffered more damage. Shockingly，high temperature and drought struck Chongqing，leaving violent wildfires breaking out.Thankfully，you came and offered timely rescue.Extremely tired as a number of volunteers were，they were still buried in delivering supplies.Additionally，it was your efforts and determination that put an end to the natural disaster. Deeply affected by you，we are determined to do everything in our power to make our city better. Yours， Li Hua 主题语境词汇 Part 2.读后续写之场景描写——救人脱困 Ⅰ.主题语境词汇 1. scared、frightened、terrified adj.　 感到害怕的 2．scary、frightening、terrifying adj. 令人害怕的 3．scare、frighten、fear、terrify vt. 使害怕 4．rescue vt. 营救 5．aid、help、assist vt. 帮助 6. survive vt.　　　　 幸存 7．revive、recover vt. 恢复 8．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 主题语境词块 1. fear and nervousness　　 害怕和紧张 2．get back on one's feet 重新站起来 3．take a deep breath 深呼吸 4. calm down　　　　 镇静下来 5．keep still 保持静止 Ⅱ.基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．丹尼斯正在家熟睡的时候，突然一个很大的声音把他吵醒了。(be doing...when...) Dennis ___________ soundly at home ___________________________． 2．他从卧室的窗户向外看去，注意到一辆翻倒的车下窜出火焰。(动词-ing形式作状语) ______________________________，he noticed flames shooting out from under an upside-down vehicle. was sleeping when a loud sound woke him up Looking out of his bedroom window 3．他起床，打了一个紧急电话，抓起灭火器，跑向那辆不能动的汽车。 (动词的联动；动词-ing形式作状语) He got up，_______________________ and grabbed the fire extinguisher，_____________________． 4．接近那辆车，眼前的情况让他非常震惊，一名年轻男子被卡在车内，非常痛苦。(动词-ing形式作状语；where引导定语从句；介词短语作状语) _____________________，he ______________ the situation ______________ ____________________ in the car，________________． 5．丹尼斯毫不犹豫地开始行动。灭火器连续喷了两下，火被扑灭了。 ________________，Dennis started to act.Two good bursts from the extinguisher and ________________． made an emergency call running to the disabled car Approaching the vehicle was shocked at where a young man was stuck/trapped in extremely pain Without hesitation the fire was put out 6．他告诉年轻人不要动，以防止他伤着他的脖子。(in case引导从句) He told the young man to ______________________________． 7．不久，医生们来了，丹尼斯感到非常欣慰。(副词作状语；relieve) ___________，the doctors arrived and Dennis _________________． stay still in case he injured his neck Shortly after felt greatly relieved 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。) Dennis was sleeping soundly at home when a loud sound woke him up.Looking out of his bedroom window，he noticed flames shooting out from under an upside-down vehicle.Immediately，he got up，made an emergency call and grabbed the fire extinguisher，running to the disabled car.Approaching the vehicle，he was shocked at the situation where a young man was stuck in the car，in extremely pain.Without hesitation，Dennis started to act.Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.Then，he told the young man to stay still in case he injured his neck.Shortly after，the doctors arrived and Dennis felt greatly relieved. 返回 单 元 测 评 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2023·山东省聊城市三模)After a year of severe drought，California has seen an abundance of rain since late autumn.Abby Wines，a ranger (护林员) at Death Valley National Park in southern California，predicted that the heavy rainfall would bring us the opportunity to witness one of nature's most spectacular displays of color and life—a superbloom—in 2023. A superbloom refers to a large amount of wildflower growth that exceeds the average level for a typical spring.It is actually a rare phenomenon that usually takes place in exceptionally wet winters.Seeds that may have slept in desert soil for years finally receive enough water to blossom in more abundant numbers than you would see in a typical year. The sight of the superbloom is truly breathtaking.Fields of gold，orange，and purple flowers stretch as far as the eye can see，creating a blanket of colors that can be seen from space. However，climate change makes the phenomenon increasingly rare.In the distant past，these blooms were often excellent and enormous.As development pushes farther out，more landscapes have been changed to agriculture，and as invasive plants outcompetes the native seedlings，many of California's spring flower fields are disappearing.In addition，thousands of tourists sometimes step on the flowers and soil，which harms the plant's ability to adapt and thrive. Naomi Fraga，director of conservation at the California Botanic Garden，points out that in promoting these locations where massive blooms take place，there isn't a lot of additional information about how these are actually very fragile (脆弱的) ecosystems.Instead of promoting and sharing specific locations，it's important to educate the public about the fragility of the ecosystems and the importance of staying on trails which people are allowed to enter. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州自深秋以来的强降雨预计将在2023年带来超级盛开，这是一种罕见的现象，并解释了这种现象的原因。 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，艾比·瓦恩斯认为，绽放的关键是雨量充足。故选C。 1．What is the key to a superbloom according to Abby Wines? A．Desert soil. B．Warm climate. C．Sufficient rainfall. D．High-quality seeds. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Seeds that may have slept in desert soil for years finally receive enough water to blossom in more abundant numbers than you would see in a typical year.”并结合画线句可知，“超级盛开”指的是大量野花的生长超过了一个典型春季的平均水平。所以exceeds为“超过”之意。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “exceeds” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Equals to. B．Goes beyond. C．Cuts down. D．Sets up. √ 段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了超级开花罕见的原因。故选A。 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Reasons for the superbloom being rare. B．Factors in plants' adapting to the environment. C．The relationship between climate and plants growing. D．The effect of agricultural development on plants flowering. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断，娜奥米·弗拉加提倡引导公众更加关注生态环境。故选D。 4．What does Naomi Fraga advocate? A．Promoting local tourism by advertising superblooms. B．Recommending tourists perfect trails to enjoy a superbloom. C．Strengthening the management of California Botanic Garden. D．Leading the public to focus more on the ecological environment. √ B (2024·汕头市第二次模拟)In Jakarta，apart from the narrow，unpaved road，the two-meter-high concrete coastal wall is the only thing that separates Susan's small restaurant from the sea.Her family depends on that wall.Growing up here，Susan used to play on the beach in front of her house.But by the 2000s the beach had disappeared，and the sea frequently flooded the neighborhood. In 2002，the government built the coastal wall，to give the residents peace of mind and time—a respite (暂缓) from the steady sinking of the land under the city and the steady rising of the sea.But just five years later，in 2007，the wall proved no match for the worst floods in Jakarta's modern history. Jakarta is now sinking at a truly alarming rate—a rate that varies around the city but is up to 11 inches a year in the northern areas.About 40 percent of Jakarta is below sea level.By comparison，climate change is raising sea level by only less than an inch a year.But sinking land and rising sea both point toward the same outcome: regular flooding in Jakarta.“Jakarta is the center of administration，economy，culture，and entertainment.Over the years Jakarta has grown into a big city with no environmental support system.” says Andy，a lecturer at the University of Indonesia.Ultimately that's why it is sinking today. The situation is one reason the government announced that the nation's capital would be moved away to a new city to be built on Borneo，which is now forest.But local communities aren't so happy with the plan.They fear the project would destroy their land，forest，and livelihoods.In Jakarta，on the other hand，those who welcome the decision arguing that it will ease Jakarta's burdens of crowding and pollution. But as the government leaves the sinking capital，what is to become of the 10 million people like Susan who still live there? 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了雅加达面临土地不断下沉和海平面不断上升的问题，介绍了政府准备采取的措施和影响。 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But by the 2000s the beach had disappeared，and the sea frequently flooded the neighborhood.”和第二段中“In 2002，the government built the coastal wall，to give the residents peace of mind and time—a respite (暂缓) from the steady sinking of the land under the city and the steady rising of the sea.”可推知，海堤的作用是让居民免受洪水侵袭。 5．What is the function of the coastal wall? A．To prevent the land from sinking. B．To keep the residents from floods. C．To stop the steady rising of the sea. D．To restore the beach for the residents. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，洪水是由自然和人为造成的。 6．What can we learn about the floods from Paragraph 3? A．The floods were caused by nature and humans. B．Climate change is the primary cause of the floods. C．The rise of the sea level is the outcome of regular flooding. D．The economic development has a great impact on the floods. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The situation is one reason the government announced that the nation's capital would be moved away to a new city to be built on Borneo，which is now forest.But local communities aren't so happy with the plan.”可知，雅加达保护环境的迁都措施远不能令人 满意。 7．What can be learned from the passage about Jakarta? A．It is no longer the nation's capital now. B．It is an underdeveloped city with a large population. C．Its residents suffer a lot from the plan of the government. D．Its measures to protect the environment are far from satisfactory √ 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“But as the government leaves the sinking capital，what is to become of the 10 million people like Susan who still live there？”可推知，作者对于政府的迁都计划感到担忧。 8．What is the author's attitude to the plan of the government? A．Intolerant. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Indifferent. √ Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分) [2024·石家庄市教学质量检测(二)]The problems had started before the trip even began. It was my first time traveling to Asia.I had 1 distances and timing.I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali，not 2 there was an airport in Lombok.Arriving in Bali at 1 p．m，I was a bit 3 ．I had read online the last ferry (轮渡) left at 4 p．m.and I 4 had to take a 1.5-hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok. Upon getting in the taxi，I told the driver the situation and he 5 called his friend at the port.He told us the seas were 6 so the last ferry was leaving at 2: 30 p．m.，earlier than usual.I started to panic，but my driver was 7 to try.His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.It was 8 to see him put so much effort in for a 9 ． When we were about 10 minutes away，his friend 10 him that they would hold the boat for us—but we had to 11 ！From there on，it was 12 ．It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.So，we 13 ．The driver 14 my suitcase and started running，his shoes and uniform all wet. I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat.I've never been more thankful for someone's 15 the whole way through. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我在去旅行时因为计划失误，在当地司机及其朋友的无私帮助之下成功赶上了最后一班渡轮的故事。 根据后文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali，not ______ there was an airport in Lombok.”可知，我不知道龙目岛有飞机场所以定了机票飞到巴厘岛，由此推断出我误判了距离和时间。 1．A．recorded B．expanded C．misjudged D．changed √ 2．A．knowing B．estimating C．caring D．arguing √ 根据前文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali”可知，我计划去龙目岛但是却买了去巴厘岛的机票，说明我不知道龙目岛有机场。 根据前文“Arriving in Bali at 1 p．m.”及后文“I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p．m. and I ______ had to take a 1.5-hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.”可知，我一点到达巴厘岛还需要坐1.5小时的出租车才能到港口，而最后一班渡轮是4点开船，时间非常紧张，所以推断出我是很担忧的。 3．A．surprised B．disappointed C．worried D．embarrassed √ 我坐飞机到达巴厘岛后还要坐出租车去港口，still“仍然”表示事情没有结束，接下来还有要做的事情，符合句意。 4．A．just B．still C．always D．almost √ 5．A．cheerfully B．finally C．hesitantly D．immediately √ 根据后文“He told us the seas were ______ so the last ferry was leaving at 2: 30 p．m.，earlier than usual.”可知，司机告知我渡轮比以往要离开的早，说明司机在听完我的话后立即就给他的朋友打了电话。 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下得很大几乎没有通向港口的路，说明司机的朋友告知说船会早开是因为有暴风雨。 6．A．stormy B．deep C．cold D．broad √ 7．A．honored B．delighted C．determined D．inspired √ 根据后文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”可知，司机不断在和他的朋友沟通，可推断出司机决定送我去港口。 根据后文“I've never been more thankful for someone's ________ the whole way through.”可知，我很感激司机的善意，推断出我被司机付出的努力感动。 8．A．satisfying B．touching C．stressful D．awful √ 9．A．companion B．customer C．driver D．stranger √ 根据前文“Upon getting in the taxi，I told the driver the situation and he ________ called his friend at the port.”可知，我是一名乘客，我是坐上出租车才和司机认识的，说明对于司机来说我是一名陌生人。 根据后文“they would hold the boat for us”可知，司机的朋友将会让船等着我们，也就是说，这个消息是司机的朋友通知我们的。 10．A．informed B．reminded C．warned D．convinced √ 11．A．turn B．quit C．wait D．rush √ 根据后文“I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat.”可知，当时我去港口需要1.5小时而距离开船也需要1.5小时，说明我们需要赶时间。 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下得很大甚至都看不见路，我和司机又要赶时间去港口，说明接下来的事情是一件很疯狂的事情。 12．A．magic B．madness C．horror D．calmness √ 13．A．looked back B．turned around C．pulled over D．helped out √ 根据前文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨很大看不见道路，所以司机只能把车停在路边。 根据前文“but we had to ______”可知，我的时间很紧迫我需要赶紧登上渡轮，推断出司机也很着急，他为了让我不要误船帮我拿行李箱。 14．A．packed B．placed C．removed D．grabbed √ 返回 15．A．kindness B．trust C．comfort D．admiration √ 根据前文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”及“The driver ________ my suitcase and started running，his shoes and uniform all wet.”可知，司机不仅帮我联系他的朋友让渡轮等我，开车送我去港口的同时还在大雨中帮我拿行李箱，推断出司机的行为是善意的。 谢谢观看 $$