板块2 第3讲 语法项目1 冠词（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

板块二　不可忽视的小词：冠词、代词和介词(短语) 第三讲　冠词、代词和介词(短语) 语法项目一　冠词 考点一　不定冠词的3种基本用法 及2种灵活用法 (一)3种基本用法 1．表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。 It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man． 人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学着顶天立地，像个男子汉一样去奋斗。 2．表示泛指，说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。 It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the night sky． 那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。 3．表示量指，不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。 Rome was not built in a day． 罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 (二)2种灵活用法 1．表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。 A Mr．Brown came to see you just now． 刚才有一位布朗先生来看你了。 2．“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一、再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常、很……”。 He missed the gold in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump． 他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。 考点二　定冠词的5种基本用法 1．特指某人或某事。 Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike．The bike cost him 200 yuan． 昨天约翰的父亲给他买了一辆新自行车。这辆自行车花了他200元。 2．用在含有普通名词的专有名词前，或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west． 太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。 3．用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及only、very、same等之前。 Could you give me some advice on the best way to solve the problem？你能就解决这个问题的最好办法给我一些建议吗？ 4．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour、by the day、by the week、by the dozen、by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，则其前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。 —It's said that John will get a job paying over $60，000 a year． —Right，he will also get paid by the week． ——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。 ——是的，他的工资也将会按周支付。 5．某些形容词前面加定冠词，表示某类人或物。 The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay． 受伤的人被立刻送到了最近的医院。 考点三　零冠词的3种基本用法 1．不可数名词或可数名词复数表示泛指时不用冠词。 2．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时，不用冠词。 学生用书↓第309页 Dr Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to further study at Oxford or Cambridge．”这所学校的校长彼得·斯宾塞告诉我们：“这儿五分之一的学生将到牛津大学或剑桥大学继续深造。” 3．表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。 It takes a lot of self-discipline to go jogging in winter．在冬天跑步是需要很大的自律的。 考点四　固定搭配中的冠词 1．含不定冠词的固定搭配 have a knowledge of　　 了解 have a good view of 饱览 in a hurry 匆忙地 as a result 因此 as a rule 通常 as a whole 总体上 as a matter of fact 事实上 2．含定冠词的固定搭配 make the most/best of 充分利用 in the end 最后 by the way 顺便说一下 in the distance 在远处 in the way 挡道 on the whole 总的来说 3．含零冠词的固定搭配 at present 目前 take part in 参加 in peace 平静 by chance/accident 碰巧 on purpose 故意 on second thoughts 再三考虑 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 4．常用的固定词组辨析 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是否填冠词 首先，分析句子结构，看空后是否有名词。 第二步：判断特指还是泛指 (1)若空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an； (2)若发现空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the； (3)看是不是固定搭配。 【典例】　(2023·浙江高考1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers． 【分析】　　第一步：确定填冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后有名词culture of grassroots Beijingers，应用冠词修饰。 第二步：判断特指还是泛指。根据语境可知，此处特指草根北京人的文化，所以空处填the。 自主解答　the 学生用书↓第310页 1．(2024·山东省日照市二模)Cristoforetti even gave an accurate translation of the lines，saying，“Looking up，I see the vastness of the universe．” 2．(2024·泉州市高中质量监测二)But the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind that aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant，which begins with a seed and ends with a mature plant producing new seeds． 3．(2024·泉州市高中毕业班质量监测三) The new play，Du Fu，highlights the last 15 years of the life of the master poet from the Tang Dynasty． 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious． 5．(2024·山东省滨州市高三二模)The local government is thinking about how to promote the city as a whole． 6．(2024·长沙市长郡中学二模)Poetry created during this 2，500-year period of more-or-less continuous development shows a great deal of diversity—classified by both major historical periods and dynastic periods． 7．(2024·辽宁省部分学校5月模拟) As they gain financial independence and a greater knowledge of the surrounding city，they may choose to stay close to known friends and neighbors for comfort． 8．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country． 9．(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th，2019．To celebrate the festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday． 10．These interactive events have become the city's tourism highlight，attracting a daily average of 300，000 tourists to the Grand Tang Mall since June． 学生用书↓第311页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$