UNIT2 MORALS AND VIRTUES（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

重点单词　分类记忆　——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 阅读词汇知其意 1．illustrate vt． (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 2．moral adj． 道德的；道义上的 n． 品行；道德；寓意 3．dilemma n． 进退两难的境地；困境 4．entrust vt． 委托；交付 5．physician n． 医师；(尤指)内科医生 6．kindergarten n． 学前班；幼儿园 7．insurance n． 保险；保险业 8．import n． 进口；进口商品 vt． 进口；输入；引进 9．export n． 出口；出口商品 vt． 出口；输出；传播 10．chain n． 一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 11．pregnant adj． 怀孕的；妊娠的 12．disguise vt． 装扮；假扮；掩盖 n． 伪装；化装用具 13．might n． 力量；威力 14．fable n． 寓言；寓言故事 15．fee n． 专业服务费；报酬 16．colleague n． 同事；同僚 核心词汇写其形 1．faint vi． 昏倒；晕厥 adj． 不清楚的；微弱的 2．hire vt． 聘任；雇用；租用 n． 租借；租用 3．staff n． 员工；全体职员 4．principle n． 道德原则；法则；原则 5．passive adj． 被动的；顺从的 6．whisper vi．& vt． 悄声说；耳语；低语 n． 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 7．midnight n． 子夜；午夜 8．bite vt．& vi．(bit，bitten) 咬；叮；蜇 n． 咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 9．chairman n． 主席；主持人；董事长 10．spill vt．& vi．(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled) (使)洒出；(使)溢出 11．despair n． 绝望 vi． 绝望；感到无望 12．income n． 收入；收益 13．flexible adj． 灵活的；可变通的 14．Jane was lost in the jungle and tears (眼泪) rolled down without control． 15．The lamb had become separated from its mother，so I jumped out of the tractor to tend (照顾) to it． 16．With the development of science and technology，whether human beings will be replaced (替代) by robots in the future is in doubt． 17．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of which were published (出版) in the 1990s． 18．As is known to us，it's a virtue (美德) to give a hand to those in need，especially in such a competitive and stressful society． 19．(2023·浙江1月卷)The activity lasted for the whole day and I felt greatly lucky to have such a precious (宝贵的) chance． 20．(2022·全国乙卷)Therefore (因此)，students should spare more time for English reading rather than watching movies or listening to music too much． 学生用书↓第109页 拓展词汇通其变 1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻 →marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 2．majority n．大部分；大多数 →major adj．主要的 vi．主修 n．主修课程；少校 3．respond vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应 →response n．反应；回答；回复 4．reject vt．拒绝接受；不录用 →rejection n．拒绝接受；否决 5．sharp adj．(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的 →sharply adv．急剧地；严厉地 →sharpen vt．削尖；磨快；使提高 6．harm n．& vt．伤害；损害 →harmful adj．有害的 →harmless adj．无害的 7．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 →tense adj．紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态 8．accident n．事故；车祸；失事 →accidental adj．意外的；偶然的 →accidentally adv．偶然地 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The resident physician often complains about his working conditions and I'm tired of his complaints．(complain) 2．Seeing the scary wolf，children were very scared，but some adults managed to scare the beast off．(scare) 3．Doctors operated on the injured person immediately and the operation was very successful．(operate) 4．When he needed someone to assist him，his assistant came to his assistance．(assist) 5．He is a man who is full of energy．Whenever I come across him，he is always energetic and in high spirits．(energy) 6．Mary and I had appointed to meet at the shopping center，but she failed to keep the appointment，so I was very angry．(appoint) 重点短语　记牢用准　——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 先写对 1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3．a great deal (of) 大量 4．pass away 去世 5．in memory of 作为对……的纪念 6．trip over 被……绊倒 7．in tears 流着泪；含着泪 8．in despair 处于绝望中 再用准 选用左栏短语填空 1．At the age of 98，the great Chinese scientist passed away，which was a great loss to our country． 2．Though their task was a difficult one，their great determination carried them through hardships． 3．With the popularity of the Internet，we tend to spend more time looking at our screens than the person in front of us． 4．The Dragon Boat Festival is held every year in memory of Qu Yuan，one of the greatest poets of ancient times． 5．Seeing Mary walk into the classroom in tears，her deskmate asked her what had happened． 1．聚焦形容词后缀-ic/-(a)tic ①energy→energetic精力充沛的 ②system→systematic系统的 ③base→basic基本的 ④organ→organic有机的 ⑤enthusiasm→enthusiastic热情的 ⑥history→historic有历史意义的 2．“费用”都要考虑到 ①fare车费 ②expense花费 ③charge费用；价钱 ④fine罚款 ⑤fee专业服务费；报酬 ⑥tip小费 3．“in＋抽象名词”短语 ①in despair处于绝望中 ②in silence沉默地 ③in surprise吃惊地 ④in danger处于危险之中 ⑤in anger生气地 ⑥in doubt怀疑 学生用书↓第110页 重点句式　背熟巧用　——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句式1：抽象地点名词引导的定语从句 (教材原句)A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make． 道德困境是指你有两个或更多困难选择的情况。 1．我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己，我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。 We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves． 句式2：the＋序数词＋n．＋to do sth (教材原句)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital．她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 2．我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。 I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world． 句式3：否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 (教材原句)To a person nothing is more precious than their life． 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵的了。 3．在我看来，在生活中健康是最重要的。 As far as I'm concerned，nothing is more important than health in life． 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 majority n．大部分；大多数(major n．& v．专业；主修) (1)the majority of... 大多数…… be in the majority 大多数 (2)major in... 主修……；以……为专业 练透——单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①The majority (major) of the students would like to choose Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Club，while 25% of the students choose the Pingpong Club．(2024·福建省适应性练习) ②When I graduated from high school，I wanted to major (major) in comparative literature． ③A recent survey suggests that many students tend to learn English by listening to English songs．(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) →A recent survey suggests that the majority of students tend to learn English by listening to English songs． complain vi．& vt．抱怨；发牢骚(complaint n．抱怨，投诉) (1)complain (to sb) about (doing) sth (向某人)报怨(做)某事 complain that... 抱怨…… (2)make a complaint about... 抱怨…… 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I feel it no use complaining (complain)；instead，we should take action immediately． ②Their main complaint (complain) is that the prices of a wide range of daily goods have risen sharply in the past days． 学生用书↓第111页 ③困难的时候，我们不应该相互抱怨困难而是要互相理解。(读后续写之主旨升华) In time of difficulty，we should not complain to each other but understand each other． respond vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应 (response n．回答，回复；反应) (1)respond to 对……做出回应或反应；答复 (2)in response to 对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies． ②作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。 In response to your letter of complaint，I made the following promises． ③每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷书面表达) Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately． appoint vt．任命；委派(appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任　appointed adj．约定的；指定的) (1)appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 (2)make/have an appointment (with sb) (与某人)约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守约/违约 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the appointment (appoint) with you，and I will appoint my brother to meet (meet) you at the airport． ②得知他被任命为队长后，他抑制不住自己的兴奋并且蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。(读后续写之动作和情感细节) Learning he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house． ③由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(2021·北京卷书面表达) Having made/had an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time．(分词作状语) tend vt．照顾；照料 vi．倾向；趋于(tendency n．倾向，趋势) (1)tend to do sth 易于做某事 (2)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①While I hate to admit it，people always tend to judge (judge) a person by his or her appearance initially． ②As a Senior 3 student，it is normal that you have a tendency to get (get) anxious with time going by． ③我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信) I'm writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang who tended my mother in the hospital． 学生用书↓第112页 scare vt．惊吓；使害怕 vi．受惊吓(scared adj．害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的　scary adj．吓人的；恐怖的) (1)be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事 be scared to death 吓得要死 (2)scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 ]练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The moment the assistant saw the scene，he froze there，scared (scare)． ②After watching a scary (scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi． ③当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江卷读后续写) When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death． ④我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写) I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my father's cloudy face． replace vt．接替；取代；更换 (1)replace sth with/by sth 用……替换…… replace...as... 取代……而成为…… (2)take the place of 代替 take one's place 代替 (3)in place of 代替 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As far as I'm concerned，it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks． ②I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama，which came as a big shock to the class． ③喜欢其他文化并向他们学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。 ③－1 It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never replace your own culture． ③－2 It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never take the place of your own culture． assist vt．帮助；援助(assistance n．帮助；协助　assistant n．助手；助理) (1)assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 (2)come/go to one's assistance 来/去援助某人 with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us with the group's work． ②Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching assistant (assist)． ③With the assistance (assist)of their father，the twins managed to make tasty breakfast．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) 学生用书↓第113页 ④正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) When the twins were worried that they couldn't succeed in making a delicious Mother's Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance． harm n．& vt．伤害；损害(harmful adj．有害的　harmless adj．无害的；不致伤害的) (1)harm one's health/reputation 损害某人的健康/名誉 (2)do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处 (3)be harmful to... 对……有害 练透——完成句子/一句多译 ①我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。(读后续写之动作和语言描写) I cupped my hand over the phone，whispering that I meant no harm． ②众所周知，沉溺于手机有害健康。(倡议书) ②－1 What is known is that being addicted to cellphones harms/does harm to health． ②－2 It is known that being addicted to cellphones is harmful to health． tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt．撕破 (tore，torn，tearing) (1)in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 (2)tear sth apart 撕碎某物 tear sth up 把(纸/布)撕碎 练透——完成句子 ①我满腔的愤怒和失望，终于哭了起来。 With all the anger and disappointment exploding in my heart，I finally burst into tears． ②看到简(Jane)泪流满面，我很伤心。(读后续写之神态描写) I was heartbroken to see tears streaming down Jane's cheeks． ③小男孩一看到母亲，就站在那里，泪流满面地看着母亲。 The moment he caught sight of his mother，the little boy stood there，looking at his mother in tears． 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 in memory of 作为对……的纪念 in honour of... 为了向……表示敬意，纪念…… in need of 需要 in charge of 负责，管理 in search of 寻找 in favour of 赞同，支持 in terms of 就……而言 练透——补全句子/完成句子 ①As a matter of fact，headteachers and monitors who were in charge of the activity (负责这项活动) played an important role in it． ②He has made up his mind to go to Shanghai in search of a better life (寻求更好的生活)． ③In terms of the content of the competition (就比赛内容而言)，you can draw or write anything related to the Winter Olympics． ④我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念为了国家而献出生命的医生。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷书面表达) We held a series of activities in memory of the doctors who gave their lives to the country． 学生用书↓第114页 a great/good deal (of) 大量 (1)a great/good deal of只能修饰不可数名词。 (2)a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。 (3)a great deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He ran a great deal faster (fast) than the policeman and at last he escaped being caught． ②退休后，她把大部分积蓄捐给了一所幼儿园。 After she retired，she donated a great deal of her savings to a kindergarten． ③参加我们精心组织的活动，你会从中获益良多。(2024· 广东省茂名市二模) By participating in our well-organized activities，you will benefit a great deal from them． 句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句 (教材原句)A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make． 道德困境是指你有两个或更多困难选择的情况。 (1)当先行词是stage，point，case，situation，position，job，business，scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，常用where引导定语。 (2)抽象名词后面的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语则用that/which来引导。 练透——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done． ②With the development of tourism，security is becoming a key point that/which tourists are concerned about． ③College provides me with a stage where I can show myself and be myself． ④Today，we'll discuss a number of cases．Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases． →Today，we'll discuss a number of cases where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly．(合并为定语从句) 句型公式：独立主格结构 (教材原句)After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head． 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 (1)用法：独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰谓语或整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。表时间、条件、原因、伴随情况、目的或结果等。 (2)结构： 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons finished (finish) for the day． ②Hands waving (wave)，I dashed towards the bird，yelling to make myself noticed．(2023·浙江1月卷读后续写) ③Many trees and flowers planted (plant)，our newly-built school looks even more beautiful． ④听到这个好消息，我高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写) Hearing the good news，I jumped for joy，tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in my eyes． 学生用书↓第115页 句型公式： see意为“见证”的拟人用法 (教材原句)The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role． 新中国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。 (1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 (2)find，witness，say，experience等词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩。 练透——完成句子 ①此外，还播放了关于三年生活的视频，这些视频见证了我们成长的整个过程。(2020·天津7月卷书面表达) What's more，videos about the three years' life，which witnessed the whole process of our growth，were played． ②不幸的是，随着我们经济的发展，近年来海洋受到污染。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) Unfortunately，as our economy advances，recent years have seen the oceans being polluted． 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．I'd like to complain to you that the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase． 2．(2023· 湖北联考协作体2月联考)The students seemed to expect another boring and dull English lesson，some dropping their eyes and some whispering (whisper)in the back rows． 3．In the view of the retired (retire) teacher，humor can make one energetic (energy) in his work，study and life． 4．I had intended to buy a gift to congratulate him on his marriage (marry)，but I was rejected (reject)． 5．We complained (complain) to the travel agency about the terrible service during the trip the other day．However，no one has responded (respond) until now． 6．John was the first person to think (think) of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money．He was convinced that he had the ability to help (help) Bernard out of the difficulty． 7．(2021·浙江6月卷)After Lincoln was elected (elect) President of the US in 1861，they rented the house and sold most of their furniture． 8．Bitten (bite) by the snake in the bush，Susan was sent back to the camp． 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．They're off on the first lap of their round-the-world tour．n．(行程中的)一段 2．(2022·全国乙卷) Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效的) across the board．n．运行；操作 3．Besides being enormously durable and flexible，it conducts away static electricity．adj．有弹性的 4．根据语境选出sharp的含义 A．adj．(增长、下跌等)急剧的　B．adj．锋利的　C．adj．突然转向的　D．adj．敏锐的　E．尖锐的 学生用书↓第116页 ①(2020·浙江7月卷读后续写)He exposed his sharp teeth，glaring at us as he ran forward． B ②Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age． D ③Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town． A ④The car made a sharp turn to the left． C ⑤(2022·全国甲卷)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it． E 维度3　完成句子 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)紧接着，当母亲品尝到双胞胎为她准备的早餐时，她又惊又喜。 The next moment saw the mother's surprise and happiness when she tasted the breakfast prepared for her by the twins． 2．得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信) Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you． 3．对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句) To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble． 4．我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信) I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study．There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job． 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1．应用文写作提分练——短文(人物介绍) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 请你以“我最敬佩的人”为主题写一篇征文，给你校英文报投稿 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1．我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。我首先想到的是李叔叔。 There are many respectable people around us．The first to come to my mind is Uncle Li． 2．从十年前起，他就被雇用为我们社区的警卫。 He has been hired as a guard in our community since a decade ago． 3．虽然他的工作可能很无聊，但他从不抱怨，总是精力充沛。 Though his work may be boring，he never complains about it and tends to be energetic． 4．他不仅坚持工作，还花了大量时间帮助需要帮助的人。 Not only does he carry on working but he also spends a great deal of time assisting those in need．(倒装句) 5．由于他的美德和贡献，他被选举为我们社区的模范。 He has been elected as a role model in our community because of his virtues and contributions． 学生用书↓第117页 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) There are many respectable people around us．The first to come to my mind is Uncle Li． He has been hired as a guard in our community since a decade ago．Though his work may be boring，he never complains about it and tends to be energetic．Not only does he carry on working but he also spends a great deal of time assisting those in need． Therefore，he has been elected as a role model in our community because of his virtues and contributions． Part 2．读后续写之人物描写——乐于助人的女士 Ⅰ．主题语境词汇 主题语境词汇 1．gentle adj． 温柔的 2．patient adj． 耐心的 3．concerned adj． 担心的 4．comfort vt． 安慰 5．sense vt． 感觉到 6．recognize vt． 辨认出 7．considerate、caring、thoughtful adj． 体贴的 8．devotion、commitment n． 奉献 9．selflessness n． 无私 10．generosity n． 慷慨 主题语境词块 1．without thinking twice 不假思索 2．in case of danger 以防危险 3．in need of extra help 需要额外的帮助 4．drop everything 放下一切 5．tears of gratitude 感激的泪水 Ⅱ．基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．朱莉娅(Julia)一听到他说的话，立刻开始担心起来。(upon doing；what引导名词性从句) Upon hearing what he said，Julia immediately became concerned． 2．她放下手中的一切，迅速拨打紧急电话，冲向男孩的家。(动词的联动) She dropped everything in hand，quickly dialed the emergency number and rushed to the boy's home． 3．从辛西娅(Cynthia)的身体状况判断，她怀疑(小男孩的)祖母可能中风了。(judging from) Judging from Cynthia's physical condition，she suspected the grandmother might be suffering from a stroke． 4．很明显，这个男孩很害怕，脸色苍白。(it is obvious that句型；独立主格结构) It was obvious that the boy was frightened，his face pale． 5．朱莉娅不假思索地开始帮助他们。(without doing) Without thinking twice，Julia set out to help them/set about helping them/got down to helping them． 6．她找了一条毯子让辛西娅暖和起来，同时温柔地和男孩说话让他平静下来。(while doing) She found a blanket to keep Cynthia warm，while talking to the boy gently to calm him down． 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇。) Upon hearing what he said，Julia immediately became concerned．Therefore，she dropped everything in hand，quickly dialed the emergency number and rushed to the boy's home．Judging from Cynthia's physical condition，she suspected the grandmother might be suffering from a stroke．Meanwhile，it was obvious that the boy was frightened，his face pale．Without thinking twice，Julia set out to help them/set about helping them/got down to helping them．She found a blanket to keep Cynthia warm，while talking to the boy gently to calm him down． 单元测评13　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (时间：30分钟　满分：45分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(本题共7个小题，每小题2．5分，共17．5分) A (2024·山东省潍坊市四县5月模拟)When you step off the elevator on the fourth floor of Kentucky Children's Hospital (KCH)，you're greeted by a magical unicorn (独角兽) in a combination of greens，blues，and purples． It is an art piece created by the staff of KCH and UK Arts in Health Care．This unicorn，roughly five feet tall and six feet wide，is made up of nothing but thousands of vial (药水瓶) caps，oral injector caps，and tubes to create an image of a unicorn，silently greeting and comforting every patient and visitor． The idea for this unicorn was inspired by Tilda Shalof，a nurse in Canada who spent nearly 30 years collecting abandoned medical plastic to create a colorful creature．KCH nurses approached the Child Life staff about creating something analogous for their hospital．The staff agreed，and collection of plastic began． Soon the collection numbered in the thousands，but the question remained—what would this become? After many meetings and discussions，KCH staff settled on the idea of a unicorn．After all，unicorns become the source where all dreamy thoughts can blossom．Meeting a unicorn and making friends with it could be so appealing to children．More than stories about the healing (治愈) power，for children，a unicorn might even have the magic power to change anything． Lexington artist Christine Kuhn joined the team to provide guidance on the design and construction process，but the work was done entirely by KCH staff who volunteered their time．“As the unicorn started to take shape，it became even clearer that many hands were present in the artwork，” said Joey Burke，a nurse ethicist．“Several music therapists asked if they could add a guitar pick and a member of the maintenance crew added a wire nut．In the end，medical waste became fantastic as the unicorn took shape．” When completed，this grand creature needed a name，so a contest was held among KCH staff and patients．The name with the most votes was Unity “MoonPie” McSparkles． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了肯塔基儿童医院的护士Tilda Shalof收集废弃的医用塑料组成了一只神奇的独角兽，在医院四楼电梯处默默地问候和安慰每一位患者和来访者。 1．What is special about the art piece displayed in KCH? A．It is small in size and easy to carry． B．It involves many variations in color． C．It is composed entirely of hospital plastic waste． D．It is a joint effort of the Child Life staff and patients． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“This unicorn，roughly five feet tall and six feet wide，is made up of nothing but thousands of vial (药水瓶) caps，oral injector caps，and tubes to create an image of a unicorn，silently greeting and comforting every patient and visitor．”可知，这只独角兽的独特之处是完全由医院的塑料垃圾组成的，故选C项。 2．What does the underlined word “analogous” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Similar． B．Necessary． C．Meaningful． D．Challenging． 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段上文“The idea for this unicorn was inspired by Tilda Shalof，a nurse in Canada who spent nearly 30 years collecting abandoned medical plastic to create a colorful creature．KCH nurses approached the Child Life staff about creating something”可知，加拿大护士Tilda Shalof之前创造过一个五颜六色的生物，可推断出现在她要为医院创造一个差不多的东西，故画线词的含义应为“类似的”含义，故选A。 3．Why did KCH staff decide to make a unicorn? A．It inspires children's innovation． B．It symbolizes hope，healing，and magic． C．It appears in many KCH members' dreams． D．It helps strike up friendships among patients． 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“After all，unicorns become the source where all dreamy thoughts can blossom．Meeting a unicorn and making friends with it could be so appealing to children．More than stories about the healing (治愈) power，for children，a unicorn might even have the magic power to change anything．”可推断出，独角兽象征着希望、治愈和神奇，故选B。 B (2024·河北省邯郸市高考三模)Human tears could carry a flood of useful information．With just a few drops，a new technique can spot eye disease and even signs of diabetes (糖尿病)，scientists report July 20 in ACS Nano． “We wanted to demonstrate the potential of using tears to detect disease，” says Liu Fei，a biomedical engineer at Wenzhou Medical University in China．“It's possible the droplets could open a window for scientists to look closely at the entire body，”he says，“and one day even let people quickly test their tears at home．” Tears contain tiny sacs (液囊) stuffed with cellular messages．If scientists could get these microscopic mailbags，they could offer new evidence on what's happening inside the body．But collecting enough of these sacs is tricky．Unlike fluid (液体) from other body parts，just a small amount of liquid leaks from the eyes． So Liu's team invented a new way to obtain the sacs from tiny volumes of tears．First，the researchers collected tears from study participants．Then，the team added a solution containing the tears to a device and within minutes，the technique lets small molecules (分子) escape，leaving the sacs behind for analysis． The results gave scientists an eyeful．Different types of dry-eye disease leave their own molecular fingerprints in people's tears，the team found．What's more，tears could potentially help doctors monitor how a patient's diabetes is progressing． “Now，the scientists want to employ tears for evidence of other diseases as well as depression or emotional stress，”says study coauthor Luke Lee，a bioengineer at Harvard Medical School．“This is just the beginning，” he says．“Tears express something that we haven't really explored．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是中国温州医科大学生物医学工程师刘飞的研究团队发明了一种从微小体积的眼泪中获得液囊的新方法，以此来检测人类的疾病。 4．What can we learn about human tears? A．They contain many diseases． B．They are useful in detecting disease． C．They are the sign of diabetes． D．They have a deep impact on the whole body． 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Human tears could carry a flood of useful information．With just a few drops，a new technique can spot eye disease and even signs of diabetes (糖尿病)”可知，人类的眼泪在检测疾病方面很有用。 5．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A．The process of getting sacs． B．The difficulty of collecting tears． C．The method of using the device． D．The technique of analyzing tears． 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的“So Liu's team invented a new way to obtain the sacs from tiny volumes of tears...leaving the sacs behind for analysis．”可知，第四段主要讨论了得到液囊的过程。 6．What does Luke Lee think of the future of the research into tears? A．Stressful． B．Profitable． C．Challenging． D．Promising． 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘This is just the beginning，’ he says．‘Tears express something that we haven't really explored．’”可知，Luke Lee认为对眼泪研究的未来是有前景的，故选D。 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Solution to Eye Disease B．A Novel Treatment for Diabetes C．A New Technology Uses Human Teardrops to Spot Disease D．A Biomedical Engineer Finds the Potential Use of Human Tears 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段的“Human tears could carry a flood of useful information．With just a few drops，a new technique can spot eye disease and even signs of diabetes (糖尿病)，scientists report July 20 in ACS Nano．”和第四段的“So Liu's team invented a new way to obtain the sacs from tiny volumes of tears．”可知，本文主要讲的是中国温州医科大学生物医学工程师刘飞的研究团队发明了一种从微小体积的眼泪中获得液囊的新方法，以此来检测人类的疾病，故C项最适合作文章标题。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2024·石家庄市教学质量检测)Just breathe．Sound familiar？Whether trying to decrease stress，anxiety，and muscle tension or increase our focus，we are frequently encouraged to breathe． There is a good reason for this，particularly when it comes to muscle tension and pain． 1 When we are stressed，our muscles tense，and this tension can increase pain．Pain can also cause stress，increasing muscle tension and creating more pain．Also，it is common to hold our breath when we are stressed or in pain． 2 So，one helpful way to manage stress and pain is to practice relaxing our muscles and nervous system via breathing exercises．While engaging in longer relaxation exercises is beneficial，practicing brief exercises is practical． Breathe Slowly and Rhythmically 3 Imagine your breath is a wave in the ocean that is slowly coming into shore and then slowly going back into the ocean．See if you can practice breathing slowly and steadily for about two to five minutes． Lengthen the Exhale (呼) Portion of Your Breath The exhale is like a brake for our nervous system，helping it slow down．Practice making the exhale portion of the breath longer than the inhale: For example，if you naturally inhale to a count of three，practice slowly exhaling to a count of five． Breathe from Your Belly (腹部) Belly breathing tends to be the most relaxing type of breath．When you breathe using your belly，you stimulate the vagus nerve which activates the relaxation response． 4 Therefore，you feel at ease and comfortable． It is important not to wait until tension and pain increase to practice these exercises． 5 So just slow down and breathe on． A．Practice breathing in and out at a slow speed． B．Unfortunately，doing so increases pain and stress． C．The exhale part of the breath is the most relaxing． D．Breathing from your nose only helps you calm down． E．Physical pain and emotional stress often go hand in hand． F．They will be most effective when you are not in much pain． G．This will reduce your heart rate and blood pressure and lower stress． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过练习呼吸来缓解压力和疼痛的方法。 1．答案：E 解析：根据下文“When we are stressed，our muscles tense，and this tension can increase pain．”可知，压力和身体上的疼痛总是相伴而行。故选E。 2．答案：B 解析：根据上文“Also，it is common to hold our breath when we are stressed or in pain．”并结合下文介绍通过练习呼吸来缓解压力和疼痛推知，感到压力或疼痛时屏住呼吸这种做法是错误的。B项doing so指代上文提到的“屏住呼吸”。 3．答案：A 解析：根据主题句“Breathe Slowly and Rhythmically”可知，空处内容应与缓慢而有节奏的呼吸有关。A项“Practice breathing in and out at a slow speed．(练习慢速吸气和呼气)”符合本段主旨。 4．答案：G 解析：根据上文“When you breathe using your belly，you stimulate the vagus nerve which activates the relaxation response．”和下文“Therefore，you feel at ease and comfortable．”推知，空处应陈述用腹部呼吸会出现什么现象，从而导致人们最终放松下来。G项“This will reduce your heart rate and blood pressure and lower stress．”符合语境，This指代上文“用腹部呼吸”这件事。 5．答案：F 解析：根据上文“It is important not to wait until tension and pain increase to practice these exercises．”可知，在不太紧张和疼痛时就应该进行这样的练习，这样效果最好。F项“They will be most effective when you are not in much pain．”符合语境，选项中的They指代上文these exercises。 Ⅲ．语法填空(本题共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) A security guard who knows the Great Wall like the back of his hand is always ready to field questions from curious visitors． Hikers at the Great Wall 1． have come across Zhou Wenjun consider 2． (they) lucky．The 44-year-old is more 3． a security guard；he is a walking encyclopedia (百科全书) on the Great Wall that made it to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987． Zhou knows the differences that set each of the beacon towers (烽火台) apart，and he can fill you in on the principal 4． (feature) of ancient stones and bricks that make up the Simatai section of the Great Wall in Miyun district，northeastern Beijing．He learns 5． knowledge of history every day，so that he can answer questions from curious visitors．He often seeks expert advice to be on the top of his game． Zhou's 6． (appreciate) of the Great Wall—a type of ancient Chinese wisdom and craftsmanship—is driven by a surprising demand on the job．Ever since he joined the Simatai section as a guard in 2018，he 7． (witness) increasing footfall of intensely curious tourists． “These people are no longer 8． (satisfy) with mere sightseeing；they ask a lot of questions about the history and culture of the place．I read and learn so that I won't be anxious for answers in front of them，” says Zhou，who was born and raised in Xinchengzi，a small village that is a 15-minute drive from Simatai． Zhou's official responsibilities include 9． (keep) visitors safe and protecting the Great Wall．Every day，he walks back and forth the entire 5．7-kilometer stretch，from Jinshanling in the north to Gubeikou in the west 10． (ensure) no one wanders off the special path and into the undeveloped sections of Simatai． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对长城了如指掌的保安周文君。 1．答案：who/that 解析：句意：在长城上偶遇周文君的徒步旅行者认为自己很幸运。分析句子结构可知，此句为限制性定语从句，先行词是Hikers，从句缺少主语，故填 who/that。 2．答案：themselves 解析：句意：在长城上偶遇周文君的徒步旅行者认为自己很幸运。根据句意可知，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves。 3．答案：than 解析：句意：44岁的他不仅仅是一名保安。more than表示“不仅仅”。故填than。 4．答案：features 解析：句意：周知道每座烽火台的不同之处，他还能告诉你构成北京东北部密云区司马台长城的古代石头和砖块的主要特征。分析句意和ancient stones and bricks可知，此处应用名词复数。故填features。 5．答案：the 解析：句意：他每天学习历史知识，以便能够回答好奇的游客提出的问题。此处特指历史知识，应用定冠词修饰名词。故填the。 6．答案：appreciation 解析：句意：周对长城的欣赏——一种中国古代智慧和工艺的体现——是由一项令人惊讶的工作需求驱动的。根据空前的Zhou's可知，其后应接名词，故填 appreciation。 7．答案：has witnessed 解析：句意：自从他2018年加入司马台段担任警卫以来，他目睹了越来越多强烈好奇的游客。根据本句时间状语从句Ever since he joined可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语为单数，故填has witnessed。 8．答案：satisfied 解析：句意：这些人不再满足于仅仅观光。be satisfied with表示“对……满意”。故填satisfied。 9．答案：keeping 解析：句意：周的职责包括保护游客安全和保护长城。分析句子结构可知，并列连词and的前后结构要保持一致。根据and后protecting可知，故填keeping。 10．答案：to ensure 解析：句意：每天，他都要在这条全长5．7公里的道路上来回行走，从北部的金山岭到西部的古北口，以确保没有人偏离这条特殊的道路，进入司马台的未开发地区。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式；再结合句意可知，此处表目的，应填动词不定式。故填to ensure。 学生用书↓第118页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$