Unit 2 Success（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版2019）

学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文(体裁：记叙文　话题：值得尊敬和爱戴的人) 典例呈现 　　(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意：1．词数100左右；2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。 精彩范文在线 词汇学习记忆 The person I respect The person I respect most is my father.My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much.He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. When I come across the problems of learning in my study，my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.He achieved a lot in his work，respected by his students.So，in my mind my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply. ①come across偶然遇见，碰上 ②overcome the difficulties克服困难 句型迁移运用 My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much.(who引导的定语从句) 【仿写】 就像一个犯了错误的孩子，她没有勇气直视丈夫的眼睛。 Like a child who made a mistake，she had no courage to look into her husband's eyes. 学生用书↓第401页 一、重点单词分类——夯基础 核心单词 1．career n. 职业，事业 2．symbol n. 象征，标志 3．ultimate adj. 最后的，最终的 4．minimum n. 最少量；最小数；最低限度 5．contract n. 合同；契约 6．ruin vt. 糟蹋，毁坏 7．skip vt. 不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 8．element n. 基本部分；要素 9．selfish adj. 自私的，自私自利的 10．sacrifice n. 牺牲 11．countless adj. 无数的，数不尽的 12．hire vt. 租用 13．boil vi.&vt. (使)沸腾，煮沸 14．enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的 15．apart adj.&adv. 分开；散开 16．outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的 17．average adj. 平庸的，普通的；平均的 n. 平均水平；平均数 18．normal adj. 正常的，平常的 19．style n. 方式，特点 20．found vt. 创立；创建 21．label n. 便签，标记 vt. 贴标签于 22．entrance n. 进入许可；入口 23．income n. 收入；收益 拓展单词 1．persistent adj.坚持的；执意的→persistence n. 坚持，坚持不懈 2．determined adj.坚定的，坚决的→determine v．下定决心→determination n．决心 3．optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的→optimism n．乐观；乐观主义→optimist n．乐观主义者 4．disciplined adj.遵守纪律的→discipline n．自制力 vt.惩罚，处罚 5．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情；热心；热衷的事物 6．ambitious adj.有抱负的，有雄心的→ambition n．抱负；雄心 7．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识；感激→appreciation n．欣赏；感激，感谢；理解；(艺术方面的)鉴定，评估 8．injury n．伤，损害→injure vt.伤，损害→injured adj.受伤的 9．cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的 10．employee n．雇员→employ vt.雇用；运用→employer n．雇用者，雇主→employment n．职业；雇用，使用 11．comfortably adv.舒服地，舒适地→comfort n．&v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的 12．fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地 13．hunger n．饥饿；饥荒→hungry adj.饥饿的 学生用书↓第402页 14.guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 15．influential adj.有影响力的→influence n．影响 v．影响；对……起作用→influenced adj.受影响的 16．devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．把……奉献(给)；把……专用于；奉献；忠诚 17．production n．生产；产量→produce vt.生产 n．农产品→product n．产品 18．reject vt.拒绝接受→rejection n．嫌弃；拒绝接受 19．motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的→motivate vt.激发，激励→motivation n．动力，积极性 20．limit vt.&n.限制，限定→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．范围；限制 21．distraction n．使人分心的事物→distract vt.使分心→distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的 22．convince vt.使信服；使确信→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的→convincing adj.有说服力的，使人信服的 23．extreme n．极端→extremely adv.极端地 24．academic adj.学术的→academically adv.学术上，学业上 25．defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的→defend v．防卫；辩解→defenc(s)e n．防卫；辩解 26．intensity n．强度；强烈→intense adj.强烈的，激烈的 27．length n．长度→lengthen v．加长，使延长→long adj.长的；久的 28．recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的→recognise vt.辨别出；承认；认可→recognition n．认出；认识 29．contribute v．捐献；促成→contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠 30．retire vi.退休；退职→retired adj.退休的→retirement n．退休 31．advanced adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的→advance n．&v.前进；进步；发展 32．reference n．推荐信；谈到，提及→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 33．faith n．相信；信任→faithful adj.忠诚的；虔诚的→faithfully adv.虔诚地 34．fashion n．时尚→fashionable adj.时尚的；时髦的 35．designer n．设计师，设计者→design n．设计；设计方案 vt.设计；筹划 36．promotion n．提升，晋升→promote v．促进，增进；推销；提升；晋升 阅读单词 1．astronaut n. 宇航员 2．millionaire n. 百万富翁 3．professor n. 教授 4．dormitory＝dorm n. 寝室，学生宿舍 5．furniture n. 家具 6．hybrid n. 混合体 7．championship n. 冠军称号，冠军地位 8．publisher n. 出版商 9．strive vi. 努力；奋斗 10．entry n. 条目 11．workout n. 训练，锻炼 12．triathlete n. 铁人三项运动员 13．rugby n. (英式)橄榄球 14．platform n. 舞台；月台 15．iron n. 铁；熨斗 16．hammer n. 榔头；锤子 17．leadership n. 领导；领导地位 18．forwards adv. 向前 19．collapse vi. 突然倒下；倒塌 20．bitterly adv. 痛苦地；愤恨地 21．bridal adj. 婚礼的；新娘的 学生用书↓第403页 二、必备短语分组——抓落实 汉译英 1．make sense 有意义；解释得通 2．drop out 退出，脱离；辍学 3．devote...to 致力于 4．apply oneself to sth 努力；专心致志于某事 5．retire from 从……退休 6．be tired of 厌烦 7．give away 泄露；失去；赠送 8．be regarded as 被认为 英译汉 9．boil down to sth 归结为；要点是 10．stay in 待在家里 11．turn one's back on 对……置之不理 12．get on 发迹；出人头地 13．check out 检验 14．search for 寻找 15．set sb/sth apart 使与众不同 三、经典句式默背——积佳句 句型公式 1．while连接并列句 He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing． 他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活，厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切而许多人一无所有的人。 2．祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Follow the five secrets and you will succeed! 遵循五个秘密，你就会成功！ 3．no matter what引导让步状语从句 Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. 你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 4．情态动词＋have done I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 单元美句 This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything. 这让我很担心，作为一个有钱人却什么都不做，我感到很内疚。 (限时20分钟，满分50分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous (巨大的). 2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love. 3．(2021·全国甲卷)We hired (租用) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 学生用书↓第129页 4．It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined (毁坏) our holiday. 5．It was the struggles and sacrifices (牺牲) of that generation that saved China． 6．Among the outstanding (杰出的) figures in Chinese history, Cao Cao is my favorite, who has a gift in strategy in military. 7．In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal (正常的) size. 8．Founded (创立) in the early 1990s，this organization has helped a great number of people achieve their dreams. 9．Tourism is the major source of income (收入) for this area，so it is seriously affected by the epidemic. 10．Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols (标志) with specific meanings onto shells or bones. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, Fan Zhongyan is the most influential (influence) in my opinion. 2．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative”issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation (cooperate) and cultural exchanges. 3．(2022·浙江6月卷)Good management, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment (commit). 4．Great passion for the job paves the way for me to be determined (determine) to make it. 5．I'm appreciative (appreciate) of you for your gentleness and kindness. 6．Ever since the injury (injure), the joints in his legs have ached in the rainy weather. 7．Only in this way can we live more comfortably (comfort) and feel at home in beautiful surroundings. 8．I am convinced (convince) that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. 9．The reason why I appreciate the proverb is that it lifts me up both academically (academic) and physically. 10．If you meet with the characters you don't know，I strongly suggest that you refer to reference (refer) books or turn to others for help. Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) make sense, apply oneself to, drop out, be tired of, retire from, give away, be vital to, devote...to, be regarded as, boil down to 1．It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation. 2．Although I couldn't have a good look at the temple, it did make sense to me. 3．If you devote more time to practicing your spoken English, your spoken English will become more fluent. 4．My sister is working hard while my brother has dropped out． 5．He wrote a lot in his letter, which can boil down to it that he felt very sorry for his absence. 6．Having retired from business，he is occupied with the welfare of the disabled now. 7．Not only Tom but also I am tired of one examination after another. 8．He gave away most of his money to the homeless in the earthquake-stricken area． 学生用书↓第130页 9．Nature is often regarded as our best teacher, so it's not surprising for us to draw wisdom from it. 10. If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it. Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．上星期天杰克想去看电影，而他的表弟宁愿待在家里。(while连接并列句) Last Sunday Jack wanted to go to the cinema while his cousin would rather stay at home． 2．养成良好的学习习惯，你就会提高学习效率。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) Form good habits of learning and you will improve your learning efficiency. 3．我很感激我的朋友约翰逊。不管发生什么事，他总是站在我这边。(no matter what引导让步状语从句) I'm grateful to my friend，Johnson.No matter what happened，he always sides with me. 4．在考虑上哪所大学之前，学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度。(情态动词＋have done) Students should have had a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend. 5．他不知道如何算这个题，他向老师求助。(疑问词＋动词不定式作宾语) He didn't know how to work out the question，so he asked the teacher for help. Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的[派生词：①commit v．投入；承诺，保证；犯(错、罪)　②commitment n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺] (1)be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 (2)commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 (3)make a commitment to(doing) sth 保证/承诺做某事　　 语境辨义/一句多译 ①I strongly suggest that you (should) commit more time to this project.v.投入 ②我最钦佩的人是我的邻居，因为他致力于帮助他人。 a．The person I admire most is my neighbour who/that commits himself to giving others a helping hand．(定语从句；commit) b．My neighbour is so committed to giving others a helping hand that I admire him most.(so...that...；committed) c．Committed to giving others a helping hand，my neighbour is the person that I admire most.(分词短语作状语) [中国元素] Qu Yuan is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself.据说屈原是投河自杀的。 injury n．伤，损害(派生词：①injure vt.使受伤；损害　②injured adj.受伤的；有伤的) (1)do sb an injury/do an injury to sb 伤害某人 (2)the injured 伤员 (3)get/be injured 受伤　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之危急情况 ①He lost control of the car，crashed into the truck and got seriously injured (injure). ②The captain recovered from his injuries (injure) soon with the help of skilled doctors and nurses. 学生用书↓第131页 ③由于受了伤，被困在里面，泥水很快上涨，杰克确信自己快要死了。 Injured and trapped inside with the muddy water rising quickly, Jack was certain he was going to die. [中国元素] People make dumplings to honor Zhang Zhongjing, who invented dumplings to cure people's freezing injury. 人们包饺子是为了纪念张仲景，他发明了饺子来治疗人们的冻伤。 appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识(派生词：①appreciation n．欣赏；感激　②appreciative adj.感激的) (1)appreciate (one's) doing sth 喜欢/感激(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激。 (2)express/convey one's appreciation to sb 向某人表达感激之情　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之求助信 ①I appreciate having been given (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. ②I'm writing to convey my appreciation (appreciate) for what you did for me during my stay in London. ③如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的实用建议，我将非常感激，我期待你的早日答复。 I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical advice on how to improve my oral English and I'm looking forward to your early reply. [中国元素] The Chinese couplet (对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper for appreciation. 中国的对联是指遵循一定规则的两行诗，通常写在红纸上，用于欣赏。 devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于(派生词：①devotion n．奉献；献身；忠诚　②devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的) (1)devote...to... 把……奉献给……；专注于…… devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 (2)devotion to... 献身于…… (3)be devoted to 专心于；致力于　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①(2022·北京卷)It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ②We admire her for her devotion (devote) to giving lectures about protecting the environment. ③The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，so she has little time to care for her own daughter. →Devoted to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(动词-ed形式作状语) [名师点津] devote...to ...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 [真题衔接] ④(2021·浙江6月卷)莱斯利·尼尔森对表演的投入非常鼓舞人心。 Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. 学生用书↓第132页 limit vt.&n.限制，限定(派生词：①limited adj.有限的　②limitation n．范围；限制) (1)set a limit to/on 限制…… beyond the limit 超过限度 there is a/no limit to... 对……是有限的/无限的 (2)limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内 (3)be limited to... 受限制于……　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①(2021·浙江6月卷)Many people in China have limited (limit) exposure to English.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it. ②You are required to limit your essay to 800 words.If your essay is beyond the limit，it will not be accepted. ③我建议你限制手机的使用，并找到新的方式，如阅读和散步来放松自己。 I suggest that you set a limit on the use of your phone and find new ways such as reading and walking to relax yourself. [中国元素] Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage. 然而，西方人对中医的理解可能仅限于针灸、拔罐和按摩。 convince vt.说服；使确信(派生词：①convinced adj.确信的，深信的　②convincing adj.有说服力的；令人信服的) (1)convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 convince sb that... 使某人确信…… (2)be convinced of/that ... 确信……　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之神情、动作描写 ①Convinced (convince) that your advice is of great help to our good performance，I sincerely hope you can do us a favor. ②From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince) ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)然而，他确信自己能行，自信地朝我笑了笑。 However, convinced that he can do it，he smiled at me with confidence. [中国元素] The memory helped convince the farmer that rabbits would run into the stump and give him a free dinner. 这段记忆让农夫相信兔子会撞上树桩，让他有一顿免费的晚餐。 average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的 n．平均水平；平均数 (1)above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均水平 (2)on average 平均；一般地 (3)the average of... ……的平均数　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①His academic performance is well above average，but he is still modest and helpful. ②On average，an adult man burns 1，500 to 2，000 calories per day. ③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师，他中等身材，戴着一副眼镜。 The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher who is of average height and wears a pair of glasses. [真题衔接] ④(2023·北京高考)最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 学生用书↓第133页 recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的(派生词：①recognise vt.认出，识别出；承认　②recognition n．承认，认可，认出，辨别出) (1)be recognised to be/as... 被认为是…… It is recognised that... 人们认为…… (2)beyond recognition 认不出来　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognised (recognise) home of the soup dumpling. ②Since then, the beauty of hanfu has gained more and more recognition (recognise) and acceptance by common people. ③(2022·全国乙卷)人们公认看英语电影是学习英语的一种有效方法。 It is recognised that watching English movies is an effective way to learn English. [中国元素] Along with his contemporary, Du Fu, the classical Chinese poet Li Bai is recognized as one of the two greatest Chinese poets. 中国古典诗人李白与同时代的杜甫被认为是中国最伟大的两位诗人之一。 contribute vi.&vt.增进；捐献；促成(派生词：contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠) (1)contribute...to... 把……贡献给…… contribute to(to为介词) 有助于；导致；把(时间)投入到……；捐款；投稿　　 (2)make contributions/a contribution to 对……做出贡献；捐款　　 单句语法填空/语境辨义/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy. ②Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes.导致 ③(2023·全国甲卷)范仲淹因为对社会做出了巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。 Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made a great contribution/great contributions to society． [名师点津] contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 make sense有意义；解释得通 (1)make(no)sense of...(不)理解/明白…… It makes(no)sense to do sth 做某事(没)有道理/意义 (2)in a sense从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没意义　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信/句式升级 ①Your cellphone has broken down again! It makes no sense to buy (buy)the cheapest cellphone just to save some dollars. ②此外，你最好提前了解一下唐朝的历史，这可以帮助你理解要学的诗歌。 Furthermore，you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you make sense of the poems to be learned. ③You should lose heart in no sense；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. →In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句) [真题衔接] ④(2021·浙江1月卷)我听到他在解释友谊的意义和界限。 I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. 学生用书↓第134页 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 while作并列连词连接并列句 (1)while作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”； (2)while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”； (3)while还可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。　　 [教材原句]　He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活，厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切而许多人一无所有的人。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①人生主要由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐则在于奋斗。 Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness consists in struggle． ②他掐着自己的喉咙，脸涨得通红，他的朋友在拍打他的背部，心急如焚。 He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back． ③虽然我愿意提供帮助，但我没有太多的时间。 While I am willing to offer help，I don't have much time available. [真题衔接] ④(2022·浙江1月卷)我决定全身心地投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则在开发科学模型。 I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects, while he developed the scientific model． Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．determined adj.坚定的，坚决的→determine vt.决定，影响；测定，确定→determination n．坚决；果断 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 She is a determined (determine) girl, so we know that once she has determined to do (do) something，she will achieve her goal with great determination. 2．cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The workers, in cooperation with the management，have increased output by 10 percent. ②In addition, some students can have a chance to cooperate with these musicians. 3．ruin vt.毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏；n.毁坏，废墟 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. ②He made a big mistake, ruining (ruin) his chance of getting the job. ③The whole city fell into ruin after the earthquake, which made us awake all night. Ⅱ.一词多义 1．skip [对点微练]——选出skip的含义 A．vt.不参加；悄悄溜走　B．vt.不做(本来应做的事)　C．v.跳绳　D．vt.跳过；略过　E．vt.蹦跳着走 ①The girls were skipping on the playground. C ②Most obviously，the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. B ③Skipping class is of no benefit to students. A 学生用书↓第135页 ④The next day morning，my heart skipped a beat when I didn't see Spotty. D ⑤She skipped happily along beside me. E 2．average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的 n．平均水平；平均数 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①To their joy，their son's schoolwork is well above average. n.平均水平 ②There was nothing special about the meal；it was average. adj.普通的 ③The average score in English is 105，which is good news for our teachers. adj.平均的 3．advanced adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①This is the most advanced type of engine available. adj.先进的 ②Passing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course. adj.高级的 ③(熟词生义)The gentleman, despite his advanced years, helped Kathryn back to her seat. adj.高龄的 4．label n．便签，标记 vt.贴标签于 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①We attach labels to things before we file them away. n.标签 ②The parcel was clearly labelled “Fragile”． vt.贴标签于 Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. n.熨烫 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. v.拒绝接受 3．(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. v.倒下 Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！ adj.自卫的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ①defend v．保卫，防御→defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的 ②appreciate v．欣赏，感激→appreciative adj. 感激的 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights.adj.数不尽的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ①count v．计数→countless adj.无数的，数不尽的 ②aim n. 目标→aimless adj. 无目标的 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. 学生用书↓第136页 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。动词-ing形式短语作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句；that引导定语从句。 尝试翻译：命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)I would appreciate it if you could join our next episode. 如果你能参加我们下一集的节目，我将非常感谢。 2．(2022·全国甲卷应用文写作)All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean．To protect ocean is to protect ourselves. 总而言之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。保护海洋就是保护我们自己。 Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) Tom，who is of average height, is a teacher who is optimistic，persistent，enthusiastic as well as 1．committed (commit) to his job.When he was a student，he was 2.ambitious (ambition) and dreamed of becoming an astronaut.However, as he grew up, he was ultimately determined 3.to become (become) a teacher and devote 4.himself (him) to teaching, because he appreciated his teacher's commitment 5. to the teaching career. Now，he is a volunteer teacher in a small village，convincing more people 6.to have (have)faith in the power of education.Tom has been striving to achieve his goal, which is 7.influential (influence).Because of his effective teaching style，it is normal for students in the village school to be disciplined and not to drop out of school.All the villagers are appreciative of his 8.devotion(devote) for their children's enormous academic progress. With reference to him, we can boil down to the conclusion that Tom is an outstanding and 9.motivating(motivate) teacher，applying himself to 10.training(train) more useful young people for our country without considering his income.He has contributed to many students' getting on in the future. Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．众所周知，海伦·凯勒是20世纪坚毅、乐观向上的女性之一。 It is recognised that Helen Keller is one of the persistent and optimistic women in the 20th century. 2．从小失明、失聪并没有阻止她为梦想而奋斗。 Being blind and deaf from a young age didn't discouraged her from striving her dream． 3．她努力学习本该属于她的东西。 She applied herself to learning what should have belonged to her. 4．她成功地获得了学士学位。 She succeeded and earned her Bachelor's degree. 5．她从未停止过，而是继续全身心地帮助聋哑儿童。 She never stopped, but continued to devote all herself to helping the blind and deaf children． 6．正因为如此，她的精神永远不会停止影响我，激励我更加努力地学习以实现我的目标。 Because of this, her spirits will never stop influencing me, motivating me to study harder to achieve my goal. 学生用书↓第137页 第二步　学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 It is recognised that Helen Keller is one of the persistent and optimistic women in the 20th century.Being blind and deaf from a young age didn't discouraged her from striving her dream.She applied herself to learning what should have belonged to her.She succeeded and earned her Bachelor's degree.However, she never stopped, but continued to devote all herself to helping the blind and deaf children. Because of this，her spirits will never stop influencing me, motivating me to study harder to achieve my goal. Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(失败和成功) 1．好词好句输入 单 词 failure 失败；push推动；prove证明；shame羞愧；encouragement鼓励；value价值；experience经历；hardship困难，艰难；cherish珍惜，珍视 短 语 calm me down gradually让我慢慢平静下来；find underlying meaning寻找潜在意义；cherish each moment珍惜每一刻；appreciate the present珍惜当下；the most enduring lessons最深刻的教诲 句 子 ※Having experienced so many failures one after another，she finally picked herself up. 经历了一次又一次的失败，她终于振作起来了。 ※The failure of her dream project left her feeling discouraged and defeated，with doubts about her abilities creeping in. 梦想项目的失败让她感到气馁和挫败，怀疑自己的能力。 ※With a sense of sadness and disappointment，she realized that her lifelong dream would never come true，feeling like she had failed herself. 内心充满着悲伤和失望，她意识到她的终身梦想永远无法实现，感觉自己好像失败了。 ※Struck by the scene/ her mom's words，Dora felt a mixture of shame and excitement welling up in her heart and surging through her. Only then did she realize that failure is really nothing. 朵拉被这一幕/她妈妈的话所震撼，羞愧和兴奋交织在一起，涌上心头。直到那时，她才意识到失败真的不算什么。 ※It was in hardships and failures that I came to truly understand the resilience of the human spirit and found underlying meaning in cherishing each moment life offers. 只有在困难和挫折面前，我才真正领悟到人性的韧性，也才更深切地体会生命每一刻的宝贵。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助心理动作描写烘托人物关系。 ①当他拼命跑的时候，我知道一切都完了，但是已经太晚了。 I knew everything was lost when he ran with all his might，but it was too late． ②我们错失了获得奖牌的机会。(blow one's chance) We'd blown our chance at a medal． ③结果，我空手而归，我们以为这是运气不好。(非限制性定语从句) As a result，I left the meet empty-handed，which we just assumed was bad luck． ④我为让球队失望而感到难过，但做已经做了，我们别无选择，只能接受。(心理描写，let...down，have no choice but to do) I felt terrible for letting the team down，but what was done was done，and we had no choice but to accept it． ⑤我学会了失败和成功，以及如何应对它们，我很感激这些教训。(主旨升华) I learned about failure and success and how to deal with them，and I am grateful for the lessons． (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 I knew everything was lost when he ran with all his might，but it was too late.We'd blown our chance at a medal. As a result，I left the meet empty-handed，which we just assumed was bad luck.I felt terrible for letting the team down，but what was done was done，and we had no choice but to accept it.But I learned about failure and success and how to deal with them，and I am grateful for the lessons. 单元测评11　Unit 2　Success (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·山东济南市高三三模) Sometimes people can find new interest in old things.For me，it was discovering a love for ballet more than 15 years after I first started training. My parents put me in ballet classes as a young girl and I just sort of kept going.I don't know I had any particular passion for it.I quitted.It felt like I was slowly closing a chapter in my life，with no particular sorrow about the matter. Years later，something，maybe boredom，led me to a decision to start classes at a studio，where I met a group of middle-aged ballet lovers，all of them starting ballet as adults. Stepping into the ballet studio again unearthed a whole set of unexpected feelings.I wasn't strong or flexible enough to accomplish moves that used to be second nature.I had to stop to adjust my breath after each combination in the center.Mostly，I felt ashamed.But those women cheered me on.The longer I watched them in class，the more I was moved.This was the point staring me right in the face—it didn't matter; they just loved to dance.Their passion for ballet helped me see it in a new light.It didn't need to be competitive; it was something people did for fun，no matter what their skill level is.Slowly，it began to feel challenging in a good way.I started having fun.I've found that when we dance，it's an exercise in directing our energy to a number of different areas. When we stepped on stage for our year-end performance，I felt the effects of that sustained attention and my body flowed through well-practiced movements.I was totally lost in bright stage lights and felt the whole world belonged to me.After the performance，one of the audience came to me and remarked，“Wow，I can tell you really like to dance！” I smiled and nodded.It was true. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者尽管小时候学过芭蕾，但是当时并没有特别的热情，直到15年以后又重拾芭蕾，并在身边一群成年后开始学习芭蕾舞的同伴们的热情鼓励下体会到了芭蕾带来的乐趣，激发出了对芭蕾的热爱。 1．What did the author think of ballet at first？(　　) A．It opened a new page in her life. B．It required great determination. C．It killed her passion for dance. D．It made little difference to her. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“My parents put me in ballet...sorrow about the matter.”可知，作者在最初接触芭蕾的时候，没什么特别的热情，就算不再继续学也没有特别的恋恋不舍，可推知，芭蕾对于作者没什么影响力。故选D项。 2．What inspired the author's interest in ballet？(　　) A．Her parents' encouragement. B．The easy atmosphere in class. C．Other dancers' love for ballet. D．Modern instruments in the studio. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，尽管作者动作不到位，还容易使自己累着，但是同伴们给了她鼓励，所以激发作者对芭蕾的兴趣的是一起上课的其他的跳舞者对芭蕾的热情，故选C项。 3．What can best describe the year-end performance？(　　) A．Satisfactory. B．Improvable. C．Regretful. D．Creative. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“When we stepped on stage...smiled and nodded.It was true.”可知，这次表演很成功，连观众都能看出作者喜欢跳舞，作者也认同，可推知，作者对于这次表演很满意。故选A项。 4．What can be learned from the text？(　　) A．Success needs enthusiasm. B．Passion can be awakened. C．Talent matters a great deal. D．Ambition is a key to growth. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“For me，it was discovering a love for ballet more than 15 years after I first started training.”可知，本文介绍了作者尽管小时候学过芭蕾，但是当时没有特别的热情，直到多年以后又重拾芭蕾，并在一群成年后开始学习芭蕾舞的同伴们的热情鼓励下体会到了芭蕾带来的乐趣。故选B项。 B (2023·东北三省三校高三第二次联考) A teenager has created “the entire known universe” in the popular computer game Minecraft over the course of two months.In the game's creative mode，players can build structures using blocks. Eighteen-year-old Christopher Slayton started by building the Earth.He used a globe to measure the exact location of every continent to perfectly copy the planet.He went on to build planets，stars，galaxies and space gas. In a video，Slayton explained that he started skydiving so he could see the planet from a different perspective，before using mathematical concepts to make sure that the universe was made to an accurate scale.In order to fit all of the planets in the universe into the simulation(模拟)，every planet would need to be 700，000 times smaller. Eventually，Slayton was working on structures that are much larger than the Earth，like the sun.He used the brightest blocks in the game to build the star，adding solar flares(光) to make it “feel alive”． Building even larger structures—such as the Pillars of Creation，elephant trunks of interstellar gas and dust in the Eagle Nebula—took Slayton two days to simply make the colors accurate，before painting the stars and their shine in the background. Many other impressive builds have been made in Minecraft.In 2020，a player created a life-size recreation of the Earth，bypassing the game's built-in height limit to recreate Mount Everest and the Grand Canyon at their full scale. The game is also a powerful learning tool for geography，history and even finance.“Minecraft exposes children to complicated financial systems，” Teacher Gaming co-founder Joel Levin told The Independent.“Perhaps the most effective experiences come from having teachers get out of the way and letting the students play on their own.With a bit of coaching，this type of experience can lead to amazing conversations about digital citizenship，online identity and responsibility，” Levin said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个青少年在游戏《我的世界》中重新创造宇宙的过程。 5．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3？(　　) A．Getting the scale right.　 B．Measuring the continents. C．Fitting the planets in.　 D．Launching skydiving. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第三段“In a video，Slayton explained that he...would need to be 700，000 times smaller.”可知，第三段主要讲述了斯雷顿如何获得正确的比例来制作模型。故选A。 6．Which of the following best describes Slayton's recreating the universe？(　　) A．Risky. B．Painstaking.　 C．Cooperative. D．Interactive. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Eighteen-year-old Christopher Slayton started by building the Earth.He used a globe to measure the exact location of every continent to perfectly copy the planet.”，第三段“In a video，Slayton explained that...the universe was made to an accurate scale.”和第五段“Building even larger structures—such as...and their shine in the background.”可知，斯雷顿在《我的世界》中创造宇宙花费了很多精力，可推知，他是非常刻苦的。故选B。 7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph？(　　) A．Conversations should happen before kids play Minecraft. B．Questions of online identity will arise after kids play Minecraft. C．Levin coaches his students about how to build universe models. D．Minecraft can be an educational experience even if children play it alone. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The game is also a powerful learning tool for geography，history and even finance...this type of experience can lead to amazing conversations about digital citizenship，online identity and responsibility，’ Levin said.”可知，即使孩子们独自玩《我的世界》也是一种教育体验。故选D。 8．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text？(　　) A．Minecraft，a Good Learning Tool B．Minecraft，a Model of the Universe C．Impressive Builds Made in Minecraft D．A Teen Recreates the Universe in Minecraft 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“A teenager has created ‘the entire known universe’ in the popular computer game Minecraft over the course of two months.In the game's creative mode，players can build structures using blocks.”可知，文章主要介绍了一个青少年在游戏《我的世界》中重新创造宇宙。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题6分，共30分) (2023·安徽江淮名校高三5月联考) Successful individuals do things just a little differently than the average people. 1( ) Here are four key habits that athletes have to create success. · They get real. Don't let the professional athletes fool you.Achieving racing success is not easy，even though there are some people out there who always seem to make it look so. 2( ) They set realistic goals with each event.They equip themselves with effort，patience，and persistence(坚持) because they know the journey can sometimes be long and difficult. · They have grit (勇气). Anyone who wants to take charge of their own future must have grit.It takes courage and thick skin to become a successful athlete.Fear of failure can be very unpleasant.There will always be naysayers (爱唱反调的人). 3( ) · They believe in being their best，rather than being the best. Successful athletes know that there is always room for improvement.It's like squeezing (挤) the last bit of toothpaste out of the tube.Just when you think it's empty，you squeeze out just a little more. 4( ) Sometimes it involves a different technique，strategy，or even a different coach.It also may involve learning a new skill altogether. 5( ) Successful athletes surround themselves with positive energy and other successful people.There is a quote that says，“Surround yourself with people who support your dreams.” In order to create success，you should find those people and groups that support your goals. A．They hang out with good apples. B．The same goes for athletes as well. C．They put themselves in others' shoes. D．Successful athletes know this and plan accordingly. E．Success，therefore，is built on small sustainable changes. F．In order to do this，you must first believe in your ability to do so. G．However，you must commit to your goals and hold firm in the face of difficulties. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成功的运动员拥有的四种关键习惯。 1．答案：B 解析：根据上文“Successful individuals do things just a little differently than the average people.”和下文“Here are four key habits that athletes have to create success.”可知，空前一句提到成功人士的做事方式与普通人稍有不同，空后一句提到成功的运动员拥有四种关键习惯。由此推知，空处应说明运动员也是一样(做事方式与普通人稍有不同)。故选B。 2．答案：D 解析：根据段落主旨句“They get real.”可知，成功的运动员是现实的。上文“Achieving racing success is not easy，even though there are some people out there who always seem to make it look so.”和下文“They set realistic goals with each event.They equip themselves with effort，patience，and persistence(坚持) because they know the journey can sometimes be long and difficult.”可知，空前一句提到赢得比赛不是容易的，空后提到他们会设定现实的目标，并付出相应的努力、耐心和坚持。由此可知，空处应说明成功的运动员知道这一点并会做好相应的规划。故选D。 3．答案：G 解析：根据上文“There will always be naysayers(爱唱反调的人).”可知，总有那些让你不努力的人。结合本段主旨“They have grit(勇气).”可知，成功的运动员拥有勇气。由此推知，空处应说明你必须坚持自己的目标，在困难面前坚定不移。故选G。 4．答案：F 解析：根据主旨句“They believe in being their best，rather than being the best.”并结合上文“Successful athletes know that there is always room for improvement.It's like squeezing (挤) the last bit of toothpaste out of the tube.Just when you think it's empty，you squeeze out just a little more.”可知，做到最好并不容易。由此推知，为了做到这一点，你必须首先相信自己有能力做到。故选F。 5．答案：A 解析：空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Successful athletes surround themselves...you should find those people and groups that support your goals.”可知，成功的运动员周围都是正能量和其他成功人士。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2023·江西鹰潭市高三一模) If you have been to the cinema and watched the popular movie “The Wandering Earth Ⅱ” recently，you might 1 (impress) by the intelligent quantum computer MOSS.It has no cognitive limitations，removing the perceptual (感知的)thinking consciousness and left with the rational algorithm only.In fact，such strong AI like MOSS，does not exist in reality for 2 time being. Nevertheless，weaker AI，3 replaces human processing in a specific field，has already been imperceptibly (不知不觉地)integrated into our daily life.At present，most of the global AI level exists also at this stage.For example，Robotic Process Automation (RPA)，an office software that relieves employees by doing repetitive human tasks，simulating a range of human 4 (operate) such as on the keyboard and mouse. Furthermore，Open AI 5 (release) the language model ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) lately，making human-machine interaction much 6 humanized and intelligent than ever before.Thanks to its revolutionary user experience，ChatGPT obtained more than one million users just five days after 7 (it)release.As to 8 ChatGPT became such a hit，users think it can display simple results content according to searching keywords. Far from being a Chatbot only，ChatGPT can also realize article creation，code generating and other functions only by requesting.ChatGPT even has the 9 (capable)to write code just like a professional programmer.It also presents the strong ability in content continuation，literary creation，music creation etc.It is so powerful 10 New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能已经不知不觉地融入了我们的日常生活。 1．答案：be impressed 解析：考查动词的语态。空处在句中作谓语，表示“你可能会被智能量子计算机 MOSS 所吸引”，be impressed by“被……所吸引；对……印象深刻”。因空前有情态动词might，故填be impressed。 2．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。句意：事实上，像 MOSS 这样强大的人工智能，暂时在现实中是不存在的。for the time being“暂时”，故填the。 3．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为weaker AI，指物，空处在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，故填which。 4．答案：operations 解析：考查名词的单复数。a range of“许多”，所以空处用名词复数operations，作宾语，故填operations。 5．答案：has released 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处在句中为谓语，结合句中lately可知，时态用现在完成时；主语Open AI 为单数，所以助动词用has，故填has released。 6．答案：more 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据句中than和空前much可知，此处用比较级，表示“使得人机交互比以往任何时候都更加人性化和智能化”，故填more。 7．答案：its 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。形容词修饰名词，所以空处用形容词性物主代词its，修饰名词release，故填its。 8．答案：why 解析：考查宾语从句。as to“至于，关于”为介词短语，所以其后为宾语从句，根据句中“users think it can display simple results content according to searching keywords”解释了ChatGPT 如此受欢迎的原因，因而此处用连接副词why，故填why。 9．答案：capability 解析：考查词性转换。句意：ChatGPT 甚至有能力像专业程序员一样编写代码。根据空前the可知，此处用名词capability，作宾语，故填capability。 10．答案：that 解析：考查结果状语从句。本句使用了“so...that...”的结果状语从句，空处之后的内容为结果，所以此处用that，故填that。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·安徽安庆市二模) Brian Tracy is a very famous Canadian-born motivational speaker，and it is safe enough to say that he is one of the best ones out there.Brian is excellent in the fields of public speaking，leadership and success psychology.However，it did not begin for Brian like that，as he was the troublemaker of the family. Things have definitely changed for him，as he once struggled to pay the utility (公用事业) bills.Brian is the President and CEO of three multi-million dollar companies based in the United States.He is fluent in more than four languages and has one main message for everyone out there，“I believe through learning and the application of what you have learned，you can solve any problem，overcome any barrier and achieve any goal that you set for yourself.” Brian Tracy was born in Canada in 1944 and raised in the United States.His early childhood was spent in a variety of locations，including Illinois，Wisconsin，Minnesota，and California．His family moved frequently and he was often in a new school.Tracy's parents' marriage ended when he was seven years old，and he and his siblings had to live with the two different households.With his father mostly absent，Tracy and his siblings were largely raised by his mother. His mother was a hardworking single parent who held down three jobs to support the family.Tracy was often left to his own devices，which included a lot of reading.He read a wide variety of books，including biographies and books on success and personal development.His reading gave him an education that was far beyond his years.He also studied music and played sports. Although his childhood was difficult and his circumstances were sometimes difficult，Tracy's strong spirit and determination eventually led to success.His early childhood experiences helped shape his beliefs and values，and he applied them to his later life and career. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名的演说家博恩·崔西的成长经历。 1．What did Tracy do frequently before becoming famous？(　　) A．He delivered speeches in public.　 B．He learnt from excellent leaders. C．He turned to psychologists for help.　 D．He made trouble for his family. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Brian Tracy is a very famous...was the troublemaker of the family.”可知，在博恩成名之前，他是这个家庭的麻烦制造者。故选D。 2．What is the secret of mastering foreign language according to Tracy？(　　) A．Learning in order to practise.　 B．Paying attention to pronunciation. C．Setting a long-term goal.　 D．Acquiring adequate vocabulary. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is fluent in more than four languages and has one main message for everyone out there，‘I believe through learning and the application of what you have learned，you can solve any problem，overcome any barrier and achieve any goal that you set for yourself.’”可知，在Tracy看来，通过学习和应用所学知识，可以解决任何问题，克服任何障碍并实现为自己设定的任何目标，故选A。 3．What does the underlined word “siblings” mean in Paragraph 3？(　　) A．Classmates or friends.　 B．Brothers or sisters. C．Uncles or aunts.　 D．Neighbors or relatives. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前半部分“Tracy's parents' marriage ended when he was seven years old”及“had to live with the two different households”和“With his father mostly absent，Tracy and his siblings were largely raised by his mother.”可知，因为Tracy的父母离异，父亲大部分时间不在家，致使Tracy多数时间是由妈妈抚养，因而他和他的兄弟姐妹就住在母亲的家庭中。所以画线词此处指“兄弟姐妹”，故选B。 4．What is the most beneficial to Tracy's development？(　　) A．The good education.　 B．The wide reading. C．The mother's support.　 D．The tough childhood. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“His early childhood experiences helped shape his beliefs and values，and he applied them to his later life and career.”可知，对Tracy的成长而言，他的早期童年经历帮助塑造了他的信仰和价值观，并将它们应用到他后来的生活和职业生涯中。故选D。 B (2023·山东日照市高三二模) Crossing Phoenix，Arizona，are 180 miles of canals.In 1867，the city's founding father，Jack Swilling saw the remains of irrigation (灌溉) channels wandering across the landscape.He realized that，centuries before，some society had farmed this desert.Soon after，Swilling began clearing the blocked canals to bring agriculture back to the region. Three years later，Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement.The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall.Luckily，English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals.“A great race once lived here and another great race will live here in the future，” he considered.“I predict that a new city will spring，phoenix-like，from the ruins and ashes of the old.” Gary Huckleberry，a researcher，said，“In the southwest，we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water.The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it's over distributed.We've got population growth and climate change.How are we going to deal with that? I think there's something to be learned by looking at past societies who managed water for thousands of years.” That great society was the Hohokam.Between 100 and 1450 AD，they constructed 1，000 miles of canals.As the Hohokam expanded their network，they constantly repaired，cleaned and diverted the canals.“It requires cooperation，because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it，but also to maintain it，” Henderson，a scientist，said.“Users would have to agree to certain conditions to keep the entire system going.” The Hohokam committed to sharing water and put themselves on timetables. The Hohokam used canal irrigation for 3，000 years.“That，to me，is the definition of sustainable development，” Huckleberry said.“They learned how to sustainably farm，to manage water，to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.I think one of the key lessons is that you don't put all your eggs in one basket.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运河，19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运河，城市的名称由此而来，更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建造并维护运河，以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。 5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？(　　) A．The reconstruction of canals. B．The origin of the city's name Phoenix. C．The discovery of the irrigation channels. D．The agricultural development in the settlement. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过，拓荒者开会讨论了起名方案，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城(Phoenix)这个名字。故选B项。 6．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？(　　) A．The source of water. B．The climate change. C．The population growth. D．The over-distribution of water. 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。根据第三段“In the southwest，we have some serious issues to...We've got population growth and climate change.How are we going to deal with that？”可知，因为人口增长和气候变化，水资源的问题愈发突出，需要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it's over distributed”，即水的分布过散。故选D项。 7．What does Henderson say about the Hohokam？(　　) A．They were expert in farming. B．They were poor at time management. C．They had a strong sense of team spirit. D．They fought for their rights to use water. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Henderson的话“It requires cooperation，because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it，but also to maintain it”可知，霍霍坎人在使用运河的时候共同合作，建造并维护运河，因此他们富有团队精神。故选C项。 8．Which of the following would Huckleberry agree with？(　　) A．Canal irrigation is out of date. B．Sustainable development matters. C．Farming can solve current trouble. D．The loss of soils is worse than before. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Huckleberry的话“They learned how to sustainably farm，to manage water，to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.”可知，霍霍坎人使用运河的方式恰恰体现了可持续发展的理念，这种方式是有价值的，可以帮助我们应对当今的问题。由此推知，Huckleberry会同意“可持续发展非常重要”的观点。故选B项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) (2023·安徽江淮名校高三5月联考) I checked my equipment one final time.It was my first 1 to climb the highest volcano in the world，Ojos del Salado，in South America． I'd decided to climb with a local guide.I left camp just after midnight.“You go first and I'll be behind you，” he said.As the hours passed and the terrain (地形) became more dangerous，I wondered if I'd made a huge 2 ．Looking into the 3 behind me，I listened out for the sound of my guide's steps but I was all alone.Finding my way by feel，I knew the icy conditions were merciless.Breathing heavily，I realised I'd run out of 4 soon. Back home，11，000 km away in Melbourne，my dad was following my 5 with my GPS tracker. 6 ，now alone on the side of a volcano，all I could do was to 7 my energy as I climbed higher and higher. Reaching the top was the ultimate goal，but really it was only half the 8 ．As my breathing became more laboured， 9 set in.Had I gone too far this time? I knew all too well how frightening it was to be 10 ，for I'd suffered from chronic asthma (慢性哮喘) as a child. Pushing on，I 11 made it to the top，where I took in the breathtaking views.But I only spent a few minutes taking photos before I went down the mountain.I was 12 to see my guide on the way down and it turned out that he had 13 a climber in danger and had to 14 our exploration to save him. Through blood，sweat and frozen tears，the last 10 years had taken me all over the globe.And with every high and painful low，I learnt more about myself.I'd pushed my 15 ，both in body and mind. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去攀登位于南美洲的世界上最高的火山奥霍斯德尔萨拉多山的冒险经历，体现了作者勇于探索、敢于突破自我的精神。 1．(　　)A．job　　　　　　　　 B．award C．promise D．attempt 答案：D 解析：根据下文“to climb the highest volcano in the world”可知，此处指这是“我”第一次尝试去攀登世界上最高的火山。故选D。 2．(　　)A．difference B．excuse C．mistake D．change 答案：C 解析：根据上文“As the hours passed and the terrain (地形) became more dangerous”可知，地形越来越危险，所以“我”在想是不是犯了一个重大的错误——决定来攀登火山。故选C。 3．(　　)A．volcano B．backpack C．crowd D．darkness 答案：D 解析：根据上文“I left camp just after midnight”可知，那时是半夜，所以作者是望着身后的黑暗，故选D。 4．(　　)A．patience B．time C．energy D．supply 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Breathing heavily”可知，此处指“我”喘着粗气，意识到自己很快就会精疲力尽，energy意为“力量，精力”。故选C。 5．(　　)A．guideline B．progress C．lead D．plan 答案：B 解析：根据空后的“with my GPS tracker”可知，“我”的爸爸在千里之外的家里通过“我”身上的GPS追踪器来追踪“我”攀登火山的进展情况。故选B。 6．(　　)A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Otherwise 答案：B 解析：空前提到“我”的爸爸在家里追踪“我”攀登火山的进展情况，空后“now alone on the side of a volcano”提到此刻“我”孤身一人在火山上，空处前后是转折关系。故选B。 7．(　　)A．invest B．display C．release D．conserve 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Breathing heavily，I realised I'd run out of soon.”可知，“我”意识到了自己的精力很快就会耗尽，所以再往上攀爬的时候就要保存精力了。故选D。 8．(　　)A．ambition B．satisfaction C．challenge D．intention 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Reaching the top was the ultimate goal”可知，登顶是最终目的，其本身就是一件充满挑战的事情；同时根据下文“I'd suffered from chronic asthma (慢性哮喘) as a child”可知，“我”有慢性哮喘病史，这又是“我”面临的一大挑战。所以说登顶只能算是此次挑战的一半。故选C。 9．(　　)A．fear B．curiosity C．luck D．relief 答案：A 解析：根据空前的“As my breathing became more laboured”可知，“我”的呼吸变得更加困难；再结合下文的frightening可知，此处指“我”感到害怕了。故选A。 10．(　　)A．out of sight B．out of breath C．behind the scenes D．behind the wheel 答案：B 解析：根据上文“Breathing heavily”和“for I'd suffered from chronic asthma (慢性哮喘) as a child”可知，作者的呼吸变得更加困难，下文提到“我”有慢性哮喘病史。由此可知，此处指“我”很清楚地知道喘不上气来是很可怕的。故选B。 11．(　　)A．secretly B．cautiously C．temporarily D．eventually 答案：D 解析：上文提到登顶是最终目的，根据下文“made it to the top，where I took in the breathtaking views”可知，此处指“我”最终成功登顶了。故选D。 12．(　　)A．annoyed B．embarrassed C．amused D．surprised 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“now alone on the side of a volcano”和下文“to see my guide on the way down”可知，作者原以为只有自己一个人，现在看到了向导，所以作者感到惊讶，故选D。 13．(　　)A．encountered B．convinced C．reminded D．discouraged 答案：A 解析：根据下文“to save him”可知，此处指向导在登山途中遇到了一位遇险的登山者。故选A。 14．(　　)A．examine B．weigh C．abandon D．conduct 答案：C 解析：根据上文“he had a climber in danger”及下文“to save him”可知，此处指向导为了去救那位遇险的登山者而不得不放弃了和“我”约定的火山探险。故选C。 15．(　　)A．passions B．dimensions C．limits D．sufferings 答案：C 解析：根据第一段的“climb the highest volcano in the world”和第11空后的“made it to the top”可知，作者终于登上了世界上海拔最高的火山，此处指“我”突破自己的身心极限来挑战自我。故选C。 Ⅲ.应用文写作(共30分) (2023·山东青岛市高三二模) 假定你是李华，正准备参加校英文诗歌朗诵比赛。请给外教Mr.Brown写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．介绍比赛； 2.请他推荐英文诗歌； 3.请他帮忙指导。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Mr.Brown， Yours sincerely， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr.Brown， I am preparing to participate in the school's English poetry recitation competition.The competition is aimed at providing a platform for the students to showcase their language skills，fluency，and expression. I would like to ask for your help in selecting a suitable English poem for me to recite.If it isn't too much trouble，I wanted to inquire if you would be willing to coach me in my recitation skills.I am confident that with your guidance，I would be able to improve and perform to the best of my ability. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学生用书↓第138页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$