Unit 1 Relationships（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版2019）

学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文(体裁：投稿　话题：报纸阅读) 典例呈现 　　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.读报的经历；2.喜爱的栏目；3.期望和祝福。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 精彩范文在线 词汇学习记忆 Youth and Me For the 10th Anniversary of Youth，as a fan of Youth，I want to share my reading experience.Youth has accompanied me throughout my high school years.It covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students，leading us into the outer world as a silent friend. As a regular reader of Youth，I am fascinated by columns on teenagers where I get touched by inspiring stories and gain happiness from exciting news. I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will participate in the interaction and share their own stories. ①accompany v. 陪伴，陪同 ②cover a wide variety of topics涵盖广泛的主题 ③fascinate v. 使着迷 ④participate in参加 ⑤interaction n．互动 句型迁移运用 ①It covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students，leading us into the outer world as a silent friend.(动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语) 【仿写】 书房可以采用中国传统风格设计，为读者提供浓厚的中国文化氛围。 The study can be designed in traditional Chinese style，providing readers with a strong Chinese cultural atmosphere． ②As a regular reader of Youth，I am fascinated by columns on teenagers where I get touched by inspiring stories and gain happiness from exciting news.(关系副词引导的定语从句) 【仿写】 英语话剧社将为同学们提供一个展示才华、提升自信的舞台。 The English Drama Club will provide a stage for students where your talent can be recognized and confidence be boosted． 学生用书↓第398页 一、重点单词分类——夯基础 核心单词 1．outgoing adj. 外向的，好交际的 2．host vt. 主办；做……的东道主 n. 主人；主持人 3．grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 4．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的 5．pour vt. 灌，注，倒 6．fuel n. 燃料 7．lack vt. 缺乏 8．drag vt. 拖，拉 9．worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的 10．handle vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面) 11．upset adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的 vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱 12．raise vt. 提出，提起 13．manner n. 方式，方法 14．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的 15．barely adv. 几乎不 16．deadline n. 截止日期，最后期限 17．chase vi.&vt. 努力赢得 n. 追逐，追赶 18．intense adj. 紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的 19．delay vi.&vt. 推迟，延期 20．bend vi.&vt. 弯腰；俯身 21．extraordinary adj. 令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的 22．behalf n. 代表…… 23．topic n. 话题，题目 24．contrast n. 差异，差别 vt. 形成对比 拓展单词 1．humour n．幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的 2．passionate adj.热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→passion n．激情，热情 3．incredible adj.极好的；难以置信的→incredibly adv.难以置信地；非常地 4．occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→occasion n．机会，场合→occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的 5．emotional adj.感情上的；情感上的→emotion n．情感；情绪→emotionally adv.感情上；情绪上 6．extremely adv.极度，极其→extreme adj.极端的，极度的 7．presentation n．报告；陈述，说明→present vt.展示；颁发，呈递n.礼物 adj.当前的；出现 8．behaviour n．行为，举止→behave vi.&vt.表现；使守规矩 9．access n．进入；接触的机会→accessible adj.易到达的，易接近的；随和的，平易近人的 10．preference n．偏爱，偏好→prefer v．更喜欢；较喜欢 11．ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→shame n．羞耻，羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；不知羞耻的 12．intention n．意图，目的；打算→intend vi.&vt.打算；计划；想要 13．demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 14．effective adj.有效的→effect n．影响，结果→effectively adv.有效地 　　学生用书↓第399页 15.constantly adv.持续不断地→constant adj.持续不断的，经常发生的 16．associate vt.与某人交往→association n．联系；联盟；协会 17．distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→distract vt.使分心→distraction n．分心 18．reality n．现实；真实→real adj.真正的→really adv.真正地 19．obsess vt.使迷恋→obsession n．痴迷；使人痴迷的人(或物)→obsessive adj.痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的(含贬义)→obsessed adj.着迷的 20．dominate vi.&vt.主宰，支配，控制→dominant adj.占主导地位的→domination n．控制；支配 21．stimulation n．刺激→stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进 22．desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的→desperation n．拼命；不顾死活；绝望→desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地 23．depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→depress vt.使沮丧，使消沉→depression n．沮丧，忧愁 24．rude adj.无礼的→rudeness n．无礼，粗鲁→rudely adv.无礼地 25．complain vi.&vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；不满 26．appointment n．约定；约会→appoint v．约定；约会；任命；委任 27．invitation n．邀请→invite vt.邀请 28．organise vt.组织，筹划→organised adj.有组织的；有系统的→organisation n．组织 29.innovation n．革新，创新→innovative adj.新颖的，创新的→innovate v．创新 30．competitor n．选手，参赛者→compete vi.竞争→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的 31．fluency n．流畅，熟练→fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地 32．engagement n．参与→engage vi.&vt.(使)参与，(使)参加→engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的 33．sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地→sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的 34．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belongings n．所有物；财产 35．approval n．赞许；同意→approve vi.&vt.赞成，同意→disapproval n．不赞成；反对 36．defend vi.&vt.保护，防卫→defenc(s)e n．防卫；辩解→defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的 37．motivation n．动力，积极性→motivate vt.激发，激励→motivated adj.积极的，主动的→unmotivated adj.不积极的，不主动的 阅读单词 1．trait n. 特性，品质 2．niece n. 侄女，外甥女 3．nephew n. 侄子，外甥 4．flu n. 流行性感冒，流感 5．angle n. 角 6．triangle n. 三角形 7．hydrogen n. 氢 8．rocket n. 火箭 9．acid n. 酸 10．onion n. 洋葱 11．educationalist n. 教育(学)家 12．feedback n. 反馈意见 13．highlight vt. 标出；突出显示 14．tense n. 时态 15．socialise vi. 交友；交际；交往 16．laptop n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 17．app n. 应用程序 18．dorm n. 寝室，学生宿舍 19．flow n. 流动 vi. 流，流动 20．reserved adj. 含蓄的；内敛的 学生用书↓第400页 21．wired adj. 联网的；极其兴奋的 22．million n. 百万 23．mate n. 朋友，伙伴 24．scroll vi. 上下滚动 25．inch n. 英寸 26．chatter vi. 唠叨，喋喋不休 27．alcoholic n. 酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者 adj. (含)酒精的 28．clarity n. 清楚，清晰 29．progression n. 变化，发展 30．principle n. 原则；行为准则 31．politics n. 政治，政治活动 二、必备短语分组——抓落实 汉译英 1．for the first time 初次，第一次 2．pour into 投入(倒)……于某物 3．a couple of 一些，几个；一双，一对 4．used to 过去经常，曾经 5．on behalf of sb 代表某人 6．take up 占据 7．in contrast to 和……对比 8．set off 引爆；出发 9．set up 建立；启动 英译汉 10．associate with 与某人交往 11．obsess over 对……过分担心 12．chatter away 喋喋不休 13．add up to 总计达到 14．lack confidence in 对……缺乏信心 15．if only 要是……就好了 16．have access to 获许进入 17．check through 核查；仔细检查 18．chase after 追逐 三、经典句式默背——积佳句 句型公式 1．if only引导虚拟条件句 Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我想，要是我能打电话给他，征求他的意见就好了！ 2．the first day引导时间状语从句 The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored... 他第一天走进我的班级时，他的书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子…… 3．否定词置于句首的倒装 ...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. ……她一次也没有抬起头去欣赏窗外的景色。 单元美句 Education is not preparation for life；education is life itself. 教育不是为生活准备的；教育就是生活本身。 学生用书↓第117页 (限时20分钟，满分50分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．(2023·北京卷)I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner (方式). 2．(2022·全国甲卷)He poured (倒) water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 3．I would be grateful (感激的) if you could consider my request，and I'm looking forward to your early reply. 4．Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge，mainly because the corn state lacks (缺乏) geographical variation. 5．As a member, I do regard it worthwhile (值得做的) to be engaged in volunteering and I'm writing to give you my warm welcome. 6．Without thinking I got out of my car, held my hand up and bent (弯腰) down to look at the butterfly. 7．You're upset (烦恼的) and I'd like to give you some comfort and advice. 8．If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline (截止日期). 9．I was more upset than worried when I heard the news that her flight was delayed (推迟)because of the bad weather. 10．I don't feel as if I belong (适应)here. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This happened some of the time，but it wasn't the dominant (dominate) response. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog，Tiffy，and desperately (desperate) wanted to take her with them. 3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally (occasional) make salads for their entire schools. 4．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional (emotion) control issues. 5．(2023·北京卷)Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints (complain). 6．(2022·浙江1月卷)However，this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an association (associate). 7．(2022·北京卷)Fearful that he might have an intention (intend)to harm her, Helen started to run. 8．I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors (compete) and won everyone's admiration. 9．The way you learn most effectively (effective) will impact many different aspects of your life. 10．Now that you have a preference (prefer) for Chinese traditional culture，you had better not miss the chance. Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。 for the first time, a couple of, have access to, chatter away, on behalf of, obsess over, in contrast to, set off, associate with, pour into 学生用书↓第118页 1．He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class for the first time． 2．I was about to set off for a meeting when someone called and told me that the meeting had been cancelled. 3．The government has poured millions into the education system. 4．Apart from smart homes, education will also benefit from technology as students will have access to interactive learning tools. 5．In order to teach better，the young teacher associates with the educationalist occasionally. 6．Let me extend a warm welcome to all the new members on behalf of the club. 7．In contrast to online chatting，I prefer face-to-face communication. 8．After a couple of hours, we finished making the lantern. 9．She spent the morning chattering away to her friends. 10．When he got a job, he obsessed over being out of work because he didn't have a passbook. Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．如果你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸很简单。 (find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) You will find paper-cutting very easy if you keep practising it. 2．她觉得只要她懂英语就可以避免这种情况。(if only引导的虚拟条件句) She felt that if only she knew English, she could avoid such situations. 3．他第一天穿上它们就赶上了一场大雨。(the first day引导时间状语从句) The first day he wore them, he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain. 4．我没有一次参加那个著名教育学家报告的机会。(否定词置于句首的倒装) Not once did I have access to attending the presentation of the famous educationalist. 5．最后我想强调的是，对你们的无私贡献，我们再怎么表达感激之情都不为过。(What...is that...) What I want to stress at last is that I can never express our thankfulness too much for your selfless contributions. Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 passionate adj.热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的(派生词：①passion n．强烈的感情，激情；盛怒，激愤 ②passionately adv.充满热情地；激动地) (1)be passionate about 对……有热情 (2)passion for 酷爱；热衷的爱好(或活动等) with passion 热情洋溢地，充满激情地　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之投稿 ①Knowing that you are a warm-hearted person, passionate (passion) about helping others, I think it a good chance to show your love and affection. ②Whatever you make up your mind to do，do it with passion and determination. ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)它不仅为我提供了一个开阔视野的平台，而且它丰富的内容也能点燃我对英语强烈的热情。 Not only does it supply me with a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich content can also spark my burning passion for English． 学生用书↓第119页 [中国元素] A traditional Chinese dance led to renewed passion among audiences for traditional Chinese art and culture. 一场中国传统舞蹈重新点燃了观众对中国传统艺术和文化的热情。 access n．进入；接触的机会(派生词：accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的；随和的，平易近人的) (1)gain/obtain/get/have access to有权进入/使用……，拥有……的机会 (2)be accessible to 可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的　　 单句语法填空/赏句猜义/应用文写作之告知信 ①He usually puts the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it will not be accessible (access) to the kids. ②Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.n.通道 ③我校体育馆对我们学生开放，我们锻炼时能很方便地使用。 Our school stadium is accessible to us students，and we can get easy access to it when taking exercise. [名师点津] access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。 [中国元素] The activity will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate their abilities of Chinese poetry appreciation. 这次活动不仅可以帮助学生获得更多的知识，还可以培养他们欣赏中国诗歌的能力。 preference n．偏爱，偏好(派生词：prefer vt.较喜欢(preferred; preferred)) (1)have/show a preference for... 对……偏爱 (2)prefer to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事 prefer sth to sth 喜欢某物而不喜欢某物　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之饮食文化 ①Instead of buying them，I prefer to learn/learning (learn) about the culture and history behind the hanfu. ②The teenage volunteer preferred (prefer) cleaning up the greenhouse of his school to playing meaningless video games. ③在中国，很多人都喜欢吃火锅，尤其是在寒冷的冬天。 In China, lots of people have a preference for hot pot，especially in cold winter. [名师点津] prefer不用于进行时；不可与比较级连用。 [真题衔接] ④(2022·全国甲卷)墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的，他们更喜欢用手吃饭。 Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils，instead preferring to use their hands． upset vt.使生气，使心烦意乱 adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的 (1)be upset about/over/at sth 为某事心烦 be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安 (2)What upsets sb is... 让某人心烦的是…… It upsets sb to do sth/that... 做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是……　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As far as I'm concerned，there is no need to be upset about the matter. ②She was upset to know (know)that her application for the position was refused. ③凯莉不理睬我，我心烦意乱，孤独如同潮水般涌来。(读后续写之心理描写) a．Kelley just ignored me，which made me upset．Loneliness began to flood in.(非限制性定语从句) b．What upset me was that Kelley just ignored me.Loneliness began to flood in.(what引导的主语从句) [名师点津] upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其动词-ing形式为upsetting。 [真题衔接] ④(2022·全国乙卷)然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并因担心惹恼消费者而拒绝改变。 However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. 学生用书↓第120页 ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的(派生词：①shame n．惭愧；羞耻；羞愧　②shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的) (1)be ashamed to do sth 羞于/耻于做某事 feel/be ashamed of(doing) sth 为(做)某事感到羞愧 (2)It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾。　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①She lowered her head，feeling ashamed of the way she behaved at the party. ②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules，to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress. ③I felt ashamed to learn (learn) that he ran a website to help children with hearing problems. ④She was so ashamed that she could feel the blood rush to her face.(读后续写之心理描写) →So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face.(倒装句) [真题衔接] ⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)这是我掌握的唯一一个法语短语，很遗憾我对它没有太多的使用。 That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it. intention n．意图，目的；打算(派生词：intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要) (1)with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算…… (2)intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事 had intended to do sth 本来打算做某事 (3)be intended to do sth/for sth 专门为……；专门给……　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students. ②My parents had intended (intend) to buy a new truck but couldn't afford it. ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Intended (intend) to enrich students' school life，our program features the fun of English. ④我们学校组织了一场五公里的越野跑比赛，目的是增强我们的体力和脑力。(应用文写作之活动介绍) a．Our school organized a five-kilometer cross-country running race with the intention of improving our physical and mental strength．(intention) b．Our school organized a five-kilometer cross-country running race，which was intended to improve our physical and mental strength．(定语从句) desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的(派生词：①desperation n. 拼命；不顾死活；绝望　②desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；非常地) be desperate for sth 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①His survival story is a journey of desperation (desperate) and almost superhuman endurance! 学生用书↓第121页 ②After ten years of hard study，he was desperate to pass (pass)the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university. ③Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer，I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity. ④Seeing the result of the exam，I was so desperate that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.(读后续写之心理描写) →Seeing the result of the exam，so desperate was I that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.(倒装句) [名师点津] 此外desperate还有“铤而走险的，不顾一切的；非常需要的”的含义。 [真题衔接] ⑤窗户上的一声噪音引起了我的注意，于是我进去了。那是一只蜂鸟，拼命想逃跑。 (2023·浙江1月卷)A noise at a window caught my attention，so I entered it.It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟)，desperately trying to escape． complain vi.&vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚(派生词：complaint n．抱怨，投诉) (1)complain (to sb) about/of sth (向某人)抱怨某事 complain that ... 抱怨…… (2)make a complaint about ... 抱怨……　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之升华句 ①Though his work may be boring，he never complains about it and tends to be energetic. ②Their main complaint (complain) is that the prices of a wide range of daily goods have risen sharply in the past days. ③在困难的时候，我们不应该相互抱怨而是要互相理解。 In time of difficulty，we should not complain to each other but understand each other． [真题衔接] ④(2023·北京卷)But when mum got home from work, I was still complaining(complain), “Five pages! That's impossible！” appointment n．约定；约会(派生词：①appoint v．约定；约会；任命；委派　②appointed adj.约定的) (1)appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 (2)make an appointment with sb 与某人约会 keep/break an appointment 守约/违约　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作、心理描写 ①The disabled girl is attended throughout her schooldays by a nurse appointed to guard (guard) her. ②My patient didn't turn up at the appointed time; that is，she broke an appointment．(appoint) ③得知他被任命为队长后，他激动得雀跃着进了家门。 Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house. [真题衔接] ④(2021·北京卷)非常遗憾，这个周末我不能守约和你出去了。 It's a great pity that I can't keep the appointment to go out with you this weekend. 学生用书↓第122页 engagement n．参与[派生词：①engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用　②engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的] (1)engage (oneself) in (doing) sth 参加(做)某事 (2)be engaged in (doing) sth 忙于/从事于(做)某事 be engaged to sb 与某人订婚　　 单句语法填空/赏句猜义/词汇升级/句式升级 ①He is now engaged (engage) in his second novel. ②It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.吸引 ③I am busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination, so I can't go with you. →I am engaged in preparing for the College Entrance Examination, so I can't go with you.(engage) →Engaged in preparing for the College Entrance Examination, I can't go with you.(非谓语动词作状语) [中国元素] Engaging in exploring splendid Chinese culture gives him a chance to act as a cultural messenger. 参考探索灿烂的中国文化，给了他一个充当文化信使的机会。 belong vi.应在(某处)；适应(派生词：belongings n．所有物；财物) (1)belong to 属于；归属；为……的一员 (2)a sense of belonging 归属感　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之推荐信 ①All the belongings (belong) being showed at the hall belong to the artist. ②First of all，uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. ③虽然“酸辣土豆丝”属于川菜，但这道菜现在是中国各地许多食客无法抗拒的选择。 Although the “sour and spicy shredded (细丝) potato” belongs to Sichuan cuisine, the dish now is a choice many diners can't resist all over China． [名师点津] (1)belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态； (2)belong to常用动词-ing形式作后置定语。 [中国元素] Paper-cutting has a history of over 1，500 years，belonging to traditional art in China． 剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国传统的艺术。 approval n．赞许；同意(派生词：①approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过　②approving adj.赞许的；许可的) (1)approve sth 批准某事 approve of (sb/one's) doing sth 赞同/同意(某人)做某事 (2)get one's approval 得到某人的同意 give one's approval to... 同意/批准……　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①If the plan is approved (approve)，everything will go smoothly. ②She was eager to win her father's approval，and he gave her an approving nod.(approve) ③如果您批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 a．We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal．(approve) b．We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal．(approval) 学生用书↓第123页 [真题衔接] ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)作者对Navajas研究的态度是赞同的。 The author's attitude toward Navajas' studies is approving． associate with 与某人交往 (1)associate vt. 联想；联系 associate...with... 使……与……联系起来 be associated with... 与……有关联 (2)association n. 联系；联盟；协会 in association with... 与……联合/有关联　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As long as you associate with positive-thinking people，it is certain that you are going to achieve success. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有些还和历史事件有关。 a．Almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic events．(associate) b．Almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even in association with historic events．(association) [真题衔接] ③(2022·北京卷)然而，添加了一种强烈的气味，这样当我们检测到与危险相关的气味时，我们就可以发出警报。 However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. take up 占据 (1)take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 (2)take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞 (3)take down 写下；记下；拆除 (4)take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗 (5)take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之科技利弊 ①After taking over the firm from his father，Tom took in some scientific ideas and took on some experienced and hard-working workers. ②In 1944，he met Edith Piaf，and his career took off． ③相反，智能手机不仅占用了我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康也有很大的危害。 On the contrary，smartphones not only take up our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health. [中国元素] You can sit inside a traditional teahouse and take in the classical atmosphere as you drink tea．你可以坐在传统茶馆里，一边喝茶，一边感受古典的氛围。 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (1)find＋宾语＋ (2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)　　 [教材原句]　I found it all so boring and difficult.我觉得这一切既无聊又困难。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①在森林里逛了逛后，我们发现自己在一条陌生的小路上迷路了。 After wandering in the forest，we found ourselves lost in a strange path． 学生用书↓第124页 ②你一定会发现这个艺术展览非常有趣，并爱上艺术。 You will certainly find the art exhibition very enjoyable and fall in love with art. ③这对双胞胎觉得为母亲做早餐很愉快。 The twins found it delightful/pleasant to prepare breakfast for their mother. [真题衔接] ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)在确定了大卫想跑就能跑之后，我转过身来，发现他朝我走来，他的小身体一边摇晃着，一边摆动着他的脚。 After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. ⑤(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)在那里，你会发现小笼包的制作方式不同——饺子多，汤少。 There，you'll find xiaolongbao prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup. Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的→worth adj.值得的；有……的价值→worthy adj.值得的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，this festival is well worth experiencing (experience). ②It is really worthwhile to pay/paying (pay)a visit to the exhibition of Chinese paintings being held in our school. ③Jiuzhaigou National Park is a nature reserve that is well worthy to be visited (visit). 2．delay vi.&vt. 推迟，延期 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①He delayed telling (tell) her the bad news，waiting for the right moment. ②When the delayed (delay) flight will take off depends on the weather. ③Immediately, she jumped out of her car and ran to Sam without any delay. 3．defend vi.&vt.保护，防卫→defenc(s)e n．防卫；辩解→defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①In order to defend our country from outside attack, we must strengthen our national defenc(s)e (defend). ②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence. Ⅱ.一词多义 1．To join the cheerleading team of the Olympic Games hosted① in Paris, last week, my class held an activity titled “ Welcome the Olympic Games” which took place in the house of one of my classmates. On arrival, the host② gave us a warm welcome. However, as the host③， I was a bit nervous, because it was the first time that I had hosted④ the event in front of so many people. If only I had taken part in the cheerleading team when Beijing as a host⑤！ 为了加入巴黎奥运会的啦啦队，上周，我们班在一位同学的家里①举办了一场名为“欢迎奥运会”的活动。一进门，②主人对我们表示热烈欢迎。然而，作为③主持人，我有点紧张，因为这是我第一次在这么多人面前④主持活动。要是我在北京当⑤东道主的时候参加啦啦队就好了！ 2．Many areas were hit by the heavy rain. It was hard for the farmers to raise① the animals because their houses had been flooded. What's worse, more 学生用书↓第125页 problems were raised②. Workers in factories were strongly needed to raise③ their salary. The government took immediate measures and raised④funds to help them overcome difficulties. 许多地区受到大雨的袭击。农民们很难①饲养牲畜，因为他们的房子被洪水淹没了。更糟糕的是，更多的问题②出现了。工厂的工人迫切需要③提高工资。政府立即采取措施，④筹集资金帮助他们克服困难。 Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2023·全国乙卷)Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.v.突出；强调 2．(2021·全国乙卷)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.v.涌入 3．Things are connected.Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas.v. 激发 4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.n. 流 5．(2021·天津3月卷)Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.v.飘垂 Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.adj.具有强烈信念的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ①passion n. 激情→passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的 ②consider v. 考虑，认为→considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.adv.偶尔 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ①occasion n. 机会，场合→occasional adj. 偶然的；偶尔的→occasionally adv. 偶尔；偶然 ②condition n. 环境；条件；状况→conditional adj. 条件的；有条件的→conditionally adv. 有条件地 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。第一个that引导表语从句，其中when引导时间状语从句，第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词groups. 尝试翻译：该项研究的核心发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组，并且允许进行讨论的时候，这些小组得出的估计平均值比同样数量的独立个体的估计平均值更准确。 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)看到厨房里一片狼藉，他立刻明白发生了什么，但他并没有生气。 Seeing the mess in the kitchen, he immediately understood what had happened, but he wasn't upset． 学生用书↓第126页 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接触大自然。 As cities balloon with growth，access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) Knowing that your company is in need of an English assistant, I'm writing with the intention of 1．applying(apply) for it. I just graduated from an incredible college which I'm 2.passionate (passion) about. I have a 3.preference(prefer) for spoken English with fluency and clarity. Being outgoing，4.humorous (humor)and sensitive, I'm good at associating 5.with my mates with great social networking. What's more，I used 6.to organise (organise) several practical activities on behalf of my school which had good 7.feedbacks (feedback). I will be sincerely grateful if you could offer me the access 8. to your company. Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．第一天我去上他的课，我发现他在课堂上幽默和热情。 The first day I attended his class, I found him humorous and passionate in class. 2．他经常提出一些创新的话题，以确保每个学生都能参与其中。 He often raised some innovative topics to make sure that every student could get involved. 3．只要他发现有人有丝毫注意力不集中，他就会问他一个问题，提醒他集中注意力。 As soon as he found someone had the slightest intention of being distracted, he would ask him a question to remind him to concentrate. 4．他几乎没有惩罚过学生，但在他的帮助下我们取得了很大的进步。 Barely did he punish students，but we made great progress with his help. 5．要是我将来能遇到另一个像他一样的老师就好了！ If only I could meet another teacher like him in the future! 第二步　学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 The first day I attended his class, I found him humorous and passionate in class. He often raised some innovative topics to make sure that every student could get involved. What's more，as soon as he found someone had the slightest intention of being distracted, he would ask him a question to remind him to concentrate.Barely did he punish students，but we made great progress with his help. If only I could meet another teacher like him in the future! Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(友情) 1．好词好句输入 单 词 maintain维持；bitterly痛苦地；anger 愤怒；warmth热情；selfless无私的；cherish 珍视；affection喜爱，关爱；personality品格 短 语 arouse one's displeasure 引起某人的不快；flame with anger气得满脸通红；be deeply shocked at her behaviour对她的行为深为震惊；reach out my hands 伸出手；hug/embrace him tightly/firmly紧紧地抱住他；welling up in my heart 涌上心头 学生用书↓第127页 句 子 ※With a confused look on his face，he had no idea what to do. 他露出困惑的表情，不知道该做什么。 ※Never would they forget such a thrilling summer holiday in their whole life. 他们一生都不会忘记这么一个激动人心的暑假。 ※Her eyes misted over as she immersed herself in their good memories. 当她沉浸在他们之间的美好回忆时，她的眼睛模糊了。 ※“I wanted to surprise you！” he pointed at a neatly wrapped box with his eyes gleaming. “我想给你一个惊喜！”他指向一个包装精美的盒子，眼里闪烁着光芒。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助语言以及动作描写烘托人物关系。 ①我使劲想加速，却突然倒在地上。 I gathered up my strength to speed up but suddenly fell to the ground． ②我的世界一片黑暗。(cloud) My world was clouded by total darkness． ③我前面的那个男孩转过身来把我拉了起来。“让我们一起跑到终点线！” The boy ahead of me turned back and pulled me up．“Let's run to the finishing line together！” ④在最后一英里，看到运动员们一个接一个地超过我们，我让那个男孩一个人先跑。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) In the last mile，seeing the athletes passing us one by one，I asked the boy to run without me. ⑤他摇摇头说：“赢得一个名次没那么重要，不是吗？”。 He shook his head saying，“Winning a place is not that important，isn't it? ”． ⑥我们互相微笑，好像我们是唯一的跑步者。(虚拟语气) We smiled at each other as if we had been the only runners． ⑦最后一英里似乎更短了，当我们在雷鸣般的掌声中通过终点线时，我们松了一口气。 The last mile seemed shorter and we were relieved when we passed the finishing line together with thunderous applause． ⑧我知道他们为我们欢呼不是为了赢得比赛，而是为了更重要的事情。(not...but...) I knew they cheered for us not for winning a race but for something more important． (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 I gathered up my strength to speed up but suddenly fell to the ground.My world was clouded by total darkness.The boy ahead of me turned back and pulled me up.“Let's run to the finishing line together！” In the last mile，seeing the athletes passing us one by one，I asked the boy to run without me，but he shook his head saying，“Winning a place is not that important，isn't it? ”．Then we smiled at each other as if we had been the only runners.The last mile seemed shorter and we were relieved when we passed the finishing line together with thunderous applause.I knew they cheered for us not for winning a race but for something more important. 单元测评10　Unit 1　Relationships (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·河南郑州市高三三模) In the August sun，it's unbearably hot in my car.I'm in Vancouver，approaching the Knight Street Bridge as I try to get home after work.It's 5：15 p．m.Traffic is already slowing down and then it comes to a full stop.I'm stuck even before getting on the bridge. This has become my normal work commute routine.Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp (驶进匝道).I stare at the endless rows of vehicles，and my heart sinks. My initial reaction is always refusal.This is not how it looks.The traffic will soon start moving.Seconds pass.Minutes pass.Looking at the rows of cars and trucks glittering in the sun，I start counting—299，300，301—and I give up.Suddenly，I remember I'm one of the 300 helpless drivers，but I stay awake.When the cars do move，I move carefully，making sure not to bump into other vehicles.Finally，I make it onto the bridge.The traffic is still crawling at a snail's pace.Tired and hungry，I become very anxious. Just then，I hear a weak sound in the distance.The sound gradually becomes louder，until I can identify it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind.What can we do? The bridge is packed，and there's no room for us to move. But I'm wrong.Every single car quickly，yet carefully，moves to the side.Without thinking，I follow suit.The lane remains open for a few seconds during which the ambulance flashes through.Afterward，every car moves back into formation.We close up the emergency lane，ready to continue our patient wait.Back in my spot，I'm feeling awesome.I forget my tiredness and hunger.My anxiety is gone.I start reflecting upon what 300 fellow drivers and I just did. How did we do that? Regardless of our tiredness，we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did.We drew on our sympathy and intelligence，requiring no instructions. Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge，I'm connected to all the other drivers.Together，we could make the impossible possible. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者下班途中堵塞严重，因为又累又饿，所以心情沮丧。但是在一辆救护车驶来的时候，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道。作者由此感悟是大家的善意、人与人之间的联系令不可能的事情变为可能。 1．How does the author feel when seeing endless rows of vehicles on the on-ramp？(　　) A．Angry. B．Confident. C．Discouraged. D．Amazed. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp (驶进匝道).I stare at the endless rows of vehicles，and my heart sinks.”可知，作者看到驶进匝道的时候心情沉重，是沮丧的。故选C。 2．What does the author think when an ambulance is approaching？(　　) A．A policeman should direct the traffic. B．All drivers will move their cars aside. C．Everyone should help strangers in need. D．It will be impossible for it to pass through. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“The sound gradually becomes louder...and there's no room for us to move.”可知，因为桥上拥堵，作者认为车辆无法移动为救护车让出空间。由此推知，作者认为救护车很难通过。故选D。 3．What does the author think made the wonder happen？(　　) A．People's kindness. B．Drivers' positive attitudes. C．Instructions from a stranger. D．Drivers' good driving skills. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Regardless of our tiredness，we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did.We drew on our sympathy and intelligence，requiring no instructions.”可知，作者认为因为大家有同情心和智慧，所以帮助了救护车上的陌生人，是人们的善意令这个奇迹发生。故选A。 4．What can be the best title for this passage？(　　) A．Letting help through B．Passing on kindness C．Challenging the impossible D．Staying calm in heavy traffic 答案：A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者下班途中堵塞严重，因为又累又饿，所以心情沮丧。但是在一辆救护车驶来的时候，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道，让救护车成功通过。故事发生在拥堵的车流中，大家让救护车通过，A项“让救助通过”既概括了文章大意，又描述了车流让救护车通过这一核心事件，简洁有力，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 B (2023·安徽淮南市高三二模) This is a real and severe fact that we cannot avoid sickness.Someone in the house must look after a sick person.Mothers are often left to bear the burden of sick family members.Of course，they usually look after their sick children.Young children are easier to get infections and have lower immunity(免疫力)，so they get sick more frequently. When children are ill，they are more often than not suffering from a common cold or fever.The younger the child，the more critical it is for the mother or caregiver to notice the symptoms(症状).This is especially true for high fevers，which can harm the child's brain.Mothers are also responsible for bringing sick children to the doctor and following up on any treatment.They must also persuade the children to take medicine at the appropriate times，as well as monitor their diet and rest. A sick person is usually not in good spirits.As a result，caregivers must be patient.It is during these times that the sick person at home truly appreciates their caregivers' love.Patients who received loving care recovered more quickly than those who did not. A child or an adult suffering from a serious disease such as cancer requires all available assistance.Visits to the doctor for follow-up treatments must be scheduled.Home emotional support is also essential.A family member with kidney(肾) failure places a burden on his family members.Everyone should help in this unfortunate situation.It is critical to monitor and remind elderly people and young children to take their medicine，as the elderly may be forgetful and the young may be immature or irresponsible. Sometimes the care provided is psychological rather than physical.A careful look，sympathetic advice，or human touch are just as important as the medicine.Caring for sick people at home is not an easy task.People who care for them at home must take on these responsibilities.When the tasks of caring become too much for family members，they may have to employ nurses temporarily.However，the care of loved ones is always most appreciated. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为家人该如何更好地照顾病人。 5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？(　　) A．Mothers' responsibility. B．Types of symptoms. C．Children's daily diet. D．Medicine-taking time. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段后两句并结合上文描述母亲要关注孩子的生病症状可知，本段主要讨论了母亲照顾生病的孩子的责任。故选A项。 6．What is a consequence of caregivers' loving care according to the text？(　　) A．Gradual loss of patience. B．A definite pay increase. C．A sense of achievement. D．Patients' quick recovery. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Patients who received loving care recovered more quickly than those who did not.”可知，获得关心和照顾有助于病人更快恢复。故选D项。 7．What does the author suggest family members do？(　　) A．Remind themselves to take care. B．Give increasing financial support. C．Provide a wide variety of help. D．Become mature as soon as possible. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据四段“A child or an adult suffering from a serious...help in this unfortunate situation.”可知，作者认为家庭成员应该尽一切可能提供各种形式的帮助。故选C项。 8．In which situation is it necessary to hire a nurse？(　　) A．It's beyond family members' ability. B．Caregivers are busy with their work. C．Sick people are not in good spirits. D．Sympathetic advice doesn't help. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“When the tasks of caring become too much for family members，they may have to employ nurses temporarily.”可知，当照顾病人的任务超出家人能力范围时，他们可能会雇佣护工。故选A项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题6分，共30分) (2023·山东菏泽市高三二模) Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down.However，knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with. 1( ) Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person. Give a hug.Hugging someone shows your affection and care.2( ) This can make them feel relaxed and open to you.This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment.With no kind and loving words，your actions have already said a lot. 3( ) Now，go on and say some kind words.Words like “I'm here”，“we are in this together”，“you'll get over this”，“lean on me” and so on，can help a sad person feel better and know that you're there to take him/her through the sad moment. Use the right tone of voice. 4( ) They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener.To convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person，you would need to say it with the right tone of voice. Listen patiently.People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反馈) that they wanted.Don't be that person.After asking the questions，listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time. 5( ) A．Say kind loving words. B．Make use of polite expressions. C．Then choose to appreciate others too. D．Remember that words do not stand alone. E．It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help. F．This knowledge is gained through research and practice. G．When you do this to someone，they can feel your warmth. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何照顾一个伤心的人。 1．答案：F 解析：上文提到“知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的”，说明需要通过研究和实践获得，F选项This knowledge对应上文knowing how to care for a sad person。故选F。 2．答案：G 解析：根据上文“Give a hug.Hugging someone shows your affection and care.”以及下文“This can make them feel relaxed and open to you.”可知，拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心，所以当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖。故选G。 3．答案：A 解析：根据下文“Now，go on and say some kind words.Words like...through the sad moment.”可知，本段主要是关于对别人说一些暖心的话语。故选A。 4．答案：D 解析：根据上文“Use the right tone of voice.”以及下文“They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener.”可知，下文提到言语配合语气向听者传达意思，说明言语不是孤立的，D选项中的words对应下文they。故选D。 5．答案：E 解析：根据上文“After asking the questions，listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time.”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明倾听的作用：帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2024·福建毕业班适应卷) Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education, advocating students to do activities such as cooking, making handicrafts 1 decorating houses. Xue Youmei, a Grade 3 student, spent the winter holiday in Guangxi.Everything about village life was novel to Xue who was used 2 urban life.Xue joined her family to work at a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts.Xue, 3 (wear) a pair of gloves, helped her father pick up water chestnuts at the field. For Yang Liqiao, a Grade 6 student, the past winter holiday gave her 4 new identity—garbage sorting guide.Yang wore a volunteer's vest and recorded the situation of the garbage sorting work at her residential community. 5 (additional), Yang also invited her classmates to walk around the park nearby to pick up garbage on the ground.Yang's father observed labor activities offered students a chance 6 (acquire) knowledge, which was not taught at class. At the same time, some schools in China also assigned specialized homework during the winter vacation to let students enjoy play-based learning.Some students 7 (ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year 8 (painting).The task aimed to develop students' 9 (innovation) thinking.And some were required to collect physics-related Chinese poems, make an 10 (analyse) and draw a conclusion. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。中国的小学现在非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、手工艺品制作、房屋装饰等活动。文章主要分享了几位小学生在寒假期间丰富的劳动经历。 1．答案：and 解析：考查连词。句意：现在的小学非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、手工艺品制作、房屋装饰等活动。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入并列连词，表示“和；以及”。故填and。 2．答案：to 解析：考查介词。“be used to...” 是固定短语，意为“习惯于……”。故填to。 3．答案：wearing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词来作定语。主语 Xue与动词wear是主谓关系，所以此处应用动词-ing形式。故填wearing。 4．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处指“一个”，表泛指，故用不定冠词。new的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词 a。故填a。 5．答案：Additionally 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空格处作状语，应用副词。additional的副词形式为 additionally“此外”，且因其位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Additionally。 6．答案：to acquire 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“……的机会”，应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance。故填to acquire。 7．答案：were asked 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空格处是谓语动词。根据上文 assigned可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语 Some students 与动词 ask 是动宾关系，所以此处应用被动语态，且主语为复数， be动词也应用复数形式。故填were asked。 8．答案：paintings 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据句中的 their homes 可知，空格处应填入名词的复数形式。故填paintings。 9．答案：innovative 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入形容词来作定语，修饰名词 thinking。 故填innovative。 10．答案：analysis 解析：考查词性转换。根据句中的 make an 可知，空处作宾语，应用名词。故填analysis。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·安徽高三第三次联考) When counting down the days until homecoming，some women choose to track paydays，school days，or Mondays.Me? I always counted trash days.Each time I rolled the green，heavy bin down the driveway，I considered it one of the most intolerable jobs of a Navy wife. Occasionally，a neighbor would take pity on me and replace my trashcan back to the side of the house after the garbage men were done with it.And once，when I had maggots in the bottom of the bin，a few men from the neighborhood were nice enough to dispose of them and Clorox，the trashman，did not tell me about the whole incident until a year later. “It takes a village to do Sarah's trash，” one neighbor，Stanford，joked.“And sometimes it also takes a village to change Sarah's flat tire，to kill big bugs in her living room，and to fetch her son's toy airplane that landed on the roof.” Hearing his words，I wondered if I wasn't being strong enough and if I shouldn't take my title of “Navy dependent” so literally as to mean I was，well，dependent. “Don't be silly，” my neighbors would say.“We're glad to help.” More than hanging a flag from their doors，they said helping a Navy family made them feel like they were doing their part. Surprisingly to me，despite doing my lawn every week and occasionally my trash and home repairs，these neighbors often told me I was far from “dependent”．Instead of focusing on the things I was not doing myself，my neighbors were in awe at the things I had done alone.And most of these things (caring for sick babies in the middle of the night，dealing with emergencies)，I had done without my realizing it or giving myself credit. I learned that being strong and independent doesn't necessarily mean doing it all.There are few people who can do everything themselves.Most people are eager to offer help，which they think rewarding.So don't decline help. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一个海军的妻子，为此邻居经常帮助作者，作者由此感到惭愧。 1．How did the author feel at Stanford's words？(　　) A．Proud. B．Lighthearted.　 C．Annoyed. D．Ashamed. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“‘It takes a village to do Sarah's trash，’ one neighbor，Stanford，joked...and if I shouldn't take my title of ‘Navy dependent’ so literally as to mean I was，well，dependent.”可知，作者对斯坦福的话感到羞愧。故选D。 2．Why were the neighbors willing to help the author？(　　) A．The author was easy to get along with. B．They felt like they were doing something for Navy. C．The author was incapable of doing any housework. D．The housework in the author's house was easy to do. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Don't be silly，’ my neighbors would say.‘We're glad to help.’ More than hanging a flag from their doors，they said helping a Navy family made them feel like they were doing their part.”可知，邻居们愿意帮助作者是因为他们觉得自己在为海军做点什么。故选B。 3．What kind of a person was the author in her neighbours' eyes？(　　) A．Respectable. B．Dull.　 C．Generous. D．Dependent. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Instead of focusing on the things I was not doing myself，...I had done alone.And most of these things (caring for sick babies in the middle of the night，dealing with emergencies)，I had done without my realizing it or giving myself credit.”可知，在邻居的眼中，作者是一个受人尊敬的人。故选A。 4．What does the author convey in the last paragraph？(　　) A．Every man has his hobbyhorse. B．A constant guest is never welcome. C．Accepting help brings happiness to helpers.　 D．Being strong and independent contributes to success. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“I learned that being strong and...Most people are eager to offer help，which they think rewarding.So don't decline help.”可知，作者在最后一段表达的意思是：接受帮助会给帮助者带来快乐。故选C。 B (2023·山东济南市高三一模) In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.But we've discovered this idea is wrong.Our data shows that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one-on-one conversation with someone new.However，it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better strategy. In our research，we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%，40%，50%，60% of the time in a conversation with someone new.We found that the more they spoke，the more they were liked by their new partners.This was only one study with 116 participants，but the outcome is supported by other researchers' findings.For example，a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”. After engaging in 12-minute interactions，listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners.This outcome suggests the reason people prefer those who speak up: Learning more about a new partner can make you feel like you have more in common with him or her. Further，we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time.The result shows it is not an ideal strategy.Our research does not suggest people hold down a conversational partner but rather that they feel comfortable speaking up more than they usually might. Research like ours can help people gain a more reasonable understanding of social interactions with new people and become more confident about how to make a good first impression.It has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully control speaking time.However，it does not reflect more natural conversations.Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究。 5．What is the common belief concerning conversations with strangers？(　　) A．Speaking a little less is preferred. B．Speaking half the time is the best. C．Listeners are more likable than speakers. D．Listeners fail to control the conversations. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.”可知，关于与陌生人交谈的普遍看法是“少说一点是最好的”，故选A。 6．How was the research carried out？(　　) A．By analyzing speaking habits. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing examples. D．By collecting data． 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“In our research，we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%，40%，50%，60% of the time in a conversation with someone new.We found that the more they spoke，the more they were liked by their new partners.”可知，研究是通过“比较说话时间”来实施的。故选B。 7．What is the disadvantage of the research？(　　) A．The conversation time is limited. B．Further study is hard to continue. C．The findings are less widely appliable. D．Interactions with strangers are missing. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However，it does not reflect more natural conversations.Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions.”可知，这项研究的缺点是“这些发现的适用性不那么广泛”，故选C。 8．In which situation can the research finding be applied？(　　) A．Attending a family gathering. B．Partying with your friends. C．Meeting a new teacher. D．Making a public speech. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究，该研究发现可以应用于“与一位新老师初次见面”，其中new是关键词，故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) (2023·河北保定市高三一模) In my childhood，my family struggled to make ends meet.With three children to feed，my father worked as a janitor(看门人) and farmed our small field until dark.Despite our 1 difficulties，my parents always did their best to 2 for us. One day，Mrs.Harper，my head teacher，brought a box of toys to school to give to 3 children.Everyone was 4 to contribute some of their own toys，but I hardly had any toys of my own.Glued to the toys in the box，my 5 got wide with excitement.Mrs.Harper 6 my expression and allowed me to choose two toys for myself.I was so 7 feeling like the luckiest girl in the world. Upon my arrival at home，I couldn't wait to 8 them to my mother.But she gently explained that I couldn't 9 the toys because there were many other children who were less 10 than us.Although I was 11 ，I was proud to 12 them to the box because they were for those who needed them more. Despite our financial struggles，my mother taught me to see myself 13 and make me believe that we were rich in 14 ．My mother's 15 has remained a constant source of inspiration，reminding me of the importance of empathy(同感能力)，generosity，and sympathy. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在母亲的教导下作者虽然家境贫困但还是把玩具给了那些更需要帮助的人的故事，赞扬了母亲的教诲对作者产生的积极影响。 1．(　　)A．various　　　　　　 B．severe C．financial D．social 答案：C 解析：根据上文“my family struggled to make ends meet”可知，作者的家庭状况是财政方面有困难。故选C项。 2．(　　)A．work B．look C．pay D．provide 答案：D 解析：根据上文“did their best”可知，此处用动词provide for指父母尽力“供养”我们。故选D项。 3．(　　)A．poor B．lonely C．sick D．hungry 答案：A 解析：根据上文“a box of toys”可知，这一盒子玩具应该是送给“贫困的”孩子们的。故选A项。 4．(　　)A．brought up B．called on C．cheered up D．sent out 答案：B 解析：根据下文“contribute some of their own toys”可知，此处是指“被号召”贡献自己的玩具。故选B项。 5．(　　)A．mouth B．heart C．eyes D．hands 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Glued to the toys in the box(盯在盒子里的玩具上)”以及下文“got wide with excitement”可知，此处应该是指兴奋地睁大“眼睛”。故选C项。 6．(　　)A．confirmed B．noticed　 C．imagined D．respected 答案：B 解析：根据空格后的“allowed me to choose two toys for myself”可知，此处是指Mrs. Harper“注意到”我的表情。故选B项。 7．(　　)A．grateful B．hopeful C．proud D．surprised 答案：A 解析：根据下文“feeling like the luckiest girl in the world”可知，此处应该是指作者是很“感激的”。故选A项。 8．(　　)A．give B．describe C．explain D．show 答案：D 解析：根据下文“to my mother”以及“But she gently explained that”可知，此处是指把玩具“展示”给母亲看。故选D项。 9．(　　)A．keep B．receive C．hide D．fetch 答案：A 解析：根据下文“because they were for those who needed them more”可知，此处是指我不能“保留”这些玩具。故选A项。 10．(　　)A．capable B．fortunate C．positive D．successful 答案：B 解析：根据空格前的less和下文“those who needed them more(那些更需要它们的人)”可知，此处是指很多孩子还没有我们“幸运”。故选B项。 11．(　　)A．worried B．angry C．confused D．disappointed 答案：D 解析：根据上文可知，作者不能留下这些玩具，所以应该是“感到失望的”。故选D项。 12．(　　)A．donate B．return C．present D．bring 答案：B 解析：根据下文“because they were for those who needed them more”可知，此处指把玩具“放回”盒子里。故选B项。 13．(　　)A．patiently B．completely C．differently D．honestly 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知，母亲温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运，可知，母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己。此处用副词differently表示“不同地”。故选C项。 14．(　　)A．faith B．imagination C．creativity D．love 答案：D 解析：根据上文“I was proud to them to the box because they were for those who needed them more”和空格前的rich可知，此处指我们的“爱”是丰富的。故选D项。 15．(　　)A．expectation B．experience C．lesson D．gift 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知，此处指母亲的“教诲”对我产生了很大的影响。故选C项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2023·江西赣州市高三一模) Jiuzhaigou Valley，1 (know) as a “fairyland on the earth”，is a nature reserve and national park located in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Region in Sichuan Province.It is so named because the scenic area 2 (consist) of nine Tibetan villages.With an altitude of 2，000—3，100 meters above sea level，the scenic area enjoys pleasant climate and beautiful colors all the year round，3 (be) one of the world's famous attractions with the best tourist environment. Jiuzhaigou Valley National Park combines with green lakes，over flying waterfalls，4 (color) forests as well as the custom and culture of the Tibetan and Qiang nationalities，characterized by 5 (it) primitive and natural features.The scenic area has an area of 1，320 square kilometers including 30，000 hectares of primitive forest 6 exists many state-protected animals and plants such as the giant panda，golden monkey and mono-leaf grass. Water is 7 soul of Jiuzhaigou Valley.As it is purely and fairly clear and rich in color，there goes the saying that no water is worth your attention after your visit 8 Jiuzhaigou.The water，the reflections on the lake，the Tibetan villages，and the songs and dances of the Tibetan and Qiang people form the unique tourist culture of Jiuzhaigou.The beauty of Jiuzhaigou is beyond 9 (describe).Come to Jiuzhaigou and you will have a(n) 10 (forget) experience in this fairyland. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被誉为“人间仙境”的旅游胜地——九寨沟。 1．答案：known 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句中is为主句的系动词，所以空处用非谓语动词。短语：be known as意为“作为……而闻名”，所以空处用过去分词。故填known。 2．答案：consists 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在句中作为because引导的时间状语从句的谓语，结合主句的is可知，时态用一般现在时；从句的主语the scenic area为单数含义，短语consist of“由……组成”，没有被动形式，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。 3．答案：being 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处及之后在句中为状语，句子主语the scenic area与动词be为主谓关系，所以此处用动词-ing形式being，故填being。 4．答案：colo(u)rful 解析：考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空后forests为名词，所以此处用形容词colo(u)rful作定语，故填colo(u)rful。 5．答案：its 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。features“特点，特征”为名词，所以此处用形容词性物主代词its，作定语。故填its。 6．答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，exist“存在”为不及物动词，先行词为The scenic area，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。 7．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。空处在句中表示特指，指代九寨沟风景名胜区的灵魂，所以用定冠词the，故填the。 8．答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：由于九寨沟清澈见底，色彩丰富，所以有句话叫“游过九寨沟，无水可看”。短语：visit to sp.“参观某地”，所以空处用介词to，故填to。 9．答案：description 解析：考查词性转换。句意：九寨沟的美是无法形容的。beyond description“无法形容”为固定短语，故填description。 10．答案：unforgettable 解析：考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，experience“体验，经历”为可数名词，所以空处用形容词作定语；结合句中“in this fairyland”可知，这个经历是难以忘怀的，所以用形容词unforgettable，故填unforgettable。 学生用书↓第128页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$