主题素养练案(12)（练习word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·石家庄教学质量检测)The Nobel Prize has been awarded to 64 women between 1901 and 2023.These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on.Here are four of them. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Award：Nobel Prize in Chemistry Year：1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals(晶体)．She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X­rays.This earned her the Nobel Prize. Gertrude B．Elion Award：Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Year: 1988 Gertrude B．Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment.Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life.Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry. Toni Morrison Award：Nobel Prize in Literature Year：1993 Toni Morrison, whose book Beloved earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award，was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community.She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University. Esther Duflo Award：Nobel Prize in Economics Year：2019 Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband.Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999.Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。 1. What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize? A．Her book about crystals. B．Her contribution to X­ray development. C．Her research on medicine. D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin部分的“She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X­rays.This earned her the Nobel Prize”可知，Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin对X射线的发展的贡献使她赢得了诺贝尔奖。故选B项。 2．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on? A．Educational issues. B．Community service. C．Writing techniques. D．Black American's life. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据Toni Morrison部分的“whose works are mostly about life in the Black community”可知，Toni Morrison的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活。由此可知，Toni Morrison的书主要讲美国黑人生活。故选D项。 3．What do Gertrude B．Elion and Esther Duflo have in common? A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year. B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases. C．They shared the Nobel Prize with others. D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Gertrude B．Elion部分的“so she decided to fight the disease...with whom she shared the award”和Esther Duflo 部分的“Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband”可知，Gertrude B．Elion和Esther Duflo的相似之处是她们和其他人一起获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C项。 B (2024·济南市高三统一检测)Imagine a new smartphone product.It works the same way as any other smartphone，but when it is dropped，those cracks that appear after an annoying fall slowly begin to fade away，and the phone magically repairs itself.A team of researchers led by chemistry professor Takuzo Aida have found a way to create self­repairing plastics that can be used in smartphones，cars and other products.But their new plastics won't only be used to create unbreakable products, but also help the fight against growing wastes harming the planet. 91% of plastics are non­recyclable and filling the Earth with wastes.The increasing plastics in landfills are a growing concern due to their negative environmental impact.In 2019 about only 9% of plastics were recycled globally, leading Japanese scientists to seek to find plastics that can start their own formation or self­repair. The self­repairing plastics are made by adding a tiny amount of a specialized substance into ordinary plastics to hold the monomers (单体) together by hydrogen bonds (氢键)．When the new plastics are broken down by heat, instead of being burnt to wastes, the hydrogen bonds mix and allow for the formation of specially shaped monomers to create a foundation for more monomers to rebuild themselves.The team found that their self­healing plastics were able to automatically repair themselves at room temperature over an hour to regain their durability. The team's work suggests great prospects for the future of plastics.“The technique could lead to the development of a made­to­last plastic that does not need to be recycled，” lead professor Aida said, “and can one day be used in products from smartphones to cars and even buildings.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。日本化学教授相田卓三带领的研究组发明了一种可以自我修复的塑料，这种塑料有一天可以用于手机和汽车制造等，能够避免回收问题。本文重点介绍了该塑料的工作原理等信息。 4．What is the special feature of the new plastics? A．Hard to break. B．Cheap to produce. C．Good for health. D．Easy to recycle. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A team of...create unbreakable products”可知，这种塑料的特别之处是它们难以破裂。 5．What drove scientists to search for the new plastics? A．Global warming. B．Industrial needs. C．Economic crisis. D．Green awareness. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In 2019 about...formation or self­repair”可知，2019年全球只有约9%的塑料被回收，这促使日本科学家们寻找可以自我修复的塑料。由此可以推知，环保意识促使日本科学家们寻找这种塑料。 6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the new plastics? A．Their social effect. B．Their main function. C．Their working principle. D．Their economic value. 解析：选C。段落大意题。通读第三段可知，这种自我修复的塑料是通过在普通塑料中加入少量的特殊物质并通过氢键将单体结合在一起而制成的。当这种新型塑料被加热分解时，氢键就会混合，从而形成特殊形状的单体，为更多单体的重建创造基础。据此可知，第三段主要介绍了这种可自我修复塑料的工作原理。 7．What is Aida's attitude towards the new plastics? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Disapproving. D．Unconcerned. 解析：选B。观点态度题。根据尾段Aida所说的话“The technique could...to be recycled”“and can...even buildings”可知，Aida认为这项技术可以开发出一种不需要回收的永久塑料，将来可以用于从智能手机到汽车甚至建筑等领域。据此可以推知，Aida对这一新型塑料持赞同的态度。 Ⅱ.完形填空 “Never give up！Never give up！”chanted (反复唱) my two young kids, Grain and May, as they __1__ barefoot behind their grandmother Lucy.Lucy was leading them on yet another __2__， straight off the beach where they had played before.This time, they were __3__ the ice­cream truck. Over the years, Mom taught me just how much one could achieve with a __4__ attitude.She has taken the same __5__ in her relationship with her grandchildren.Grain and May were disappointed at missing the ice­cream man that day.That was until Lucy's eyes __6__ and she said, “Never give up！”She explained that the truck might be gone, but they could hurry to find it at its next __7__. They walked block after block.Not knowing which direction the truck had taken, they had to make a(n) __8__ guess about where to search.My kids' tiny legs were tired, but they moved on, continuing to chant, “Never give up！” After about twenty minutes of walking, Grain began to __9__ his faith in the mission.He wondered out loud, “Maybe we should give up.We have been walking pretty far and haven't seen the truck yet.” May yelled, “No __10__！ Never give up！”and continue her chant with Lucy.Somewhat doubtful Grain __11__ without protest. Just two blocks later, they found it.Lucy threw a triumphant (庆祝胜利的) fist in the air, and Grain and May screamed with __12__， “Never give up！” At that moment, my mom had done for my children what she had done for me countless times.__13__ though it was, that phrase has become our battle cry for the challenges we face.Whatever setbacks they __14__， I know I can always look at Grain and May and say，“Never give up！”Upon hearing those words, they are instantly __15__ to a positive state of mind—where the next ice­cream truck is just around the corner. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己的母亲“永不言弃”的精神不仅教育了自己，也培养了下一代人。 1． A．surfed B．protested C．marched D．bargained 解析：选C。根据空后的barefoot behind their grandmother Lucy和下文的They walked block after block.可知，两个孩子是光着脚跟在祖母后面。march意为“行进”，符合语境。 2． A．performance B．adventure C．escape D．purchase 解析：选B。根据最后一段第一句中的they found it可知，祖母带着两个孩子找冰激凌车，作者认为这是一次奇遇之旅。adventure意为“奇遇，冒险经历”，符合语境。 3． A．running B．painting C．fixing D．seeking 解析：选D。根据下文的描述可知，祖孙三人是在寻找冰激凌车。seek意为“寻找”，符合语境。 4． A．positive B．carefree C．flexible D．tolerant 解析：选A。根据文中多处出现的Never give up！可知，这是一种积极乐观的态度。positive意为“积极的”，符合语境。 5． A．responsibility B．approach C．interest D．lesson 解析：选B。设空处上一句作者提到母亲教自己要有乐观的态度，此处讲述作者的母亲在处理她和孙辈之间的关系时也是这样的，所以采用的方法是一样的。approach意为“方法”，符合语境。 6． A．stared at B．lit up C．glared down D．misted over 解析：选B。根据空后的she said, “Never give up！”可知，祖母的态度应该是积极的，故此处指祖母两眼一亮。light up意为“发亮”，符合语境。glare down“照射”；mist over“结雾，使蒙上水汽”。 7． A．shop B．customer C．owner D．stop 解析：选D。根据语境可知，因为冰激凌车是流动的，所以祖母认为可能在下一个停车点能找到它。stop意为“停车站”，符合语境。 8． A．rough B．wild C．safe D．accurate 解析：选A。根据上文的Not knowing which direction the truck had taken可知，祖孙三人不知道冰激凌车去了哪个方向，所以只能大致猜测一下。rough意为“粗略的；大致的”，符合语境。 9． A．restore B．express C．shake D．spread 解析：选C。根据下文的Maybe we should give up.可知，走了大概二十分钟以后，格兰的信心开始动摇了。shake意为“摇晃，晃动”，符合语境。 10．A．doubt B．wonder C．way D．use 解析：选C。根据空后梅的回答Never give up！可知，梅劝说格兰不要放弃，所以此处是梅对格兰的阻止。no way意为“决不，不行”，符合语境。 11．A．questioned B．complained C．declined D．agreed 解析：选D。根据空后的without protest 可知，格兰同意了梅的观点。agree意为“同意”，符合语境。 12．A．relief B．belief C．hope D．thrill 解析：选D。前文提到祖母向空中挥舞着胜利的拳头，由此可知，祖孙三人找到冰激凌车后应是兴奋激动的。thrill意为“激动，兴奋”，符合语境。 13．A．Appealing B．Simple C．Crucial D．Shallow 解析：选B。根据语境可知，本句的主语it指代的是后面主句中的that phrase，也就是Never give up！，连词though引导的是让步状语从句，两个分句之间是转折关系，所以此处指虽然这句话很简单。simple意为“简单的”，符合语境。 14．A．overcome B．anticipate C．encounter D．abandon 解析：选C。根据下文I know I can always look at Grain and May and say, “Never give up！”可知，无论遇到什么挫折，作者都会用“永不放弃！”这句话来鼓励孩子们。encounter意为“遇到”，符合语境。 15．A．transported B．identified C．translated D．Limited 解析：选A。根据文章可知，祖母用这句话来鼓励孩子们，所以听到这些话，孩子们会立刻转变成积极的态度。transport意为“使产生身临其境的感觉”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Smooth yet tensile.Versatile (用途广泛的) and durable.With these qualities, Xuan paper 1.______ (know) as the “Paper of Ages”． The term Xuan paper first appeared in Famous Paintings Through the Ages, a book 2.__________ (write) by Tang Dynasty (618－907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in 3.____________ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China's Anhui province, was listed as 4.__________ gift served to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period. The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 5.____________ (extreme) demanding.Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform 6.____________ a bunch of fine Xuan paper.The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master a limited number of 7.____________ (step)． The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent 8.____________ (able) to give full play to ink. Xuan paper 9.____________ (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese literati for thousands of years.Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time.It is this durability that has made the preservation of many 10.____________ (value) works from ancient China possible. Paper­making is a crystallization of wisdom of the ancient Chinese, and Xuan paper is the peak of paper­making. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的宣纸的历史以及制作程序。 1．解析：is known。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：宣纸以其优良的品质，被誉为“千古寿纸”。表示“被称为……”短语为be known as，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Xuan paper，谓语用单数。故填is known。 2．解析：written。考查非谓语动词。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐代(618－907)学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》中，他在书中将宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析句子结构可知，非谓语动词write与逻辑主语book构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填written。 3．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意见上题。此处为介词＋关系代词结构的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Famous Paintings through the Ages”指物，关系词替代先行词作介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which。故填which。 4．解析：a。考查冠词。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸，因其卓越的品质在这一时期成为朝廷御用宣纸。gift此处为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．解析：extremely。考查副词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。修饰后文形容词demanding应用副词extremely作状语，故填extremely。 6．解析：into。考查介词。句意：檀香树皮是一种原产于中国南方的植物，它与秸秆一起经过三年的时间和108道工序，才能变成一捆精美的宣纸。短语transform into表示“变成”。故填into。 7．解析：steps。考查名词单复数。句意：整个过程是如此复杂，以至于即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有限的步骤。step为可数名词，根据上文a number of (许多)可知应填step的复数。故填steps。 8．解析：ability。考查名词。句意：受制于水的引导和阻力作用的水墨流动决定了中国艺术的输出，宣纸因其能将水墨的能力充分发挥出来而使其他纸张黯然失色。作介词的宾语，应用名词ability。故填ability。 9．解析：has accompanied。考查时态。句意：几千年来，中国文人在宣纸上挥洒才情。根据后文for thousands of years可知，谓语动词accompany为现在完成时，主语为Xuan paper，助动词用has。故填has accompanied。 10．解析：valuable/invaluable。考查形容词。句意：正是它的耐久性使得许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存下来。修饰名词works应用形容词valuable，作定语，表示“珍贵的”；或用形容词invaluable表示“极宝贵的”，作定语。故填valuable/invaluable。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 principle n．道德原则；法则；观念　biochemistry n．生物化学　honorary adj.荣誉的，光荣的；名誉的 B篇 crack n．裂纹，裂缝　formation n．组成，形成　substance n．物质，物品，东西　automatically adv.自动地 词缀 变形 B篇 magically adv.如魔法般地→magical adj.有魔力的，奇妙的→magic n．魔术，法术 核心 短语 A篇 make outstanding contributions to 对……做出卓越贡献　serve as 充当， 担任　doctorate degree 博士学位　fight poverty 对抗贫困 B篇 fade away 逐渐消失 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$